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Los Frescos De Palomino En La Bóveda De La Iglesia De Los Santos Juanes De Valencia: Estudio Y Aplicación De Un Nuevo Soporte

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Los Frescos De Palomino En La Bóveda De La Iglesia De Los Santos Juanes De Valencia: Estudio Y Aplicación De Un Nuevo Soporte LOS FRESCOS DE PALOMINO EN LA BÓVEDA DE LA IGLESIA DE LOS SANTOS JUANES DE VALENCIA: ESTUDIO Y APLICACIÓN DE UN NUEVO SOPORTE Tesis doctoral europea presentada por: Mª Pilar Soriano Sancho Dirigida por: Pilar Roig Picazo Julia Osca Pons PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO: Conservación y Restauración del Patrimonio Histórico-Artístico DEPARTAMENTO: Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales CENTRO: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. A mi iaia, que hace más de 20 años ya sabía que yo iría a “San Carlos” 3 4 Quiero expresar mi agradecimiento a todos aquellos que me han apoyado durante este largo tiempo de elaboración de la tesis. Gracias a mi familia, por estar ahí y apoyarme en todo momento. Gracias a Alberto, por ayudarme a que la tesis no se convirtiese en el centro de mi vida. Gracias a María, a Gema y a Inma, por los ánimos que me han dado y por ayudarme en el andamio y fuera de él. Gracias a Eva por darme esos consejos de última hora, que me han sido tan útiles. Gracias a Juan, por la ayuda desinteresada que me ha mostrado en todo momento. ¡Y gracias a su impresora! Gracias a Esther por esas largas charlas durante las comidas. Gracias a Tona, porque sin su ayuda no hubiera conseguido ese material tan preciado para mi tesis. Gracias a Josele, a Merche y a Iñaki. Gracias a Marisa, por el trabajo extra que le ha supuesto procesar todas las mediciones colorimétricas. Gracias a Carmina Fletcher y a Pablo, por permitirme utilizar esas magníficas cartas de Domingo Fletcher. Gracias a Jose, por sus consejos en temas de maquetación. Gracias a Juana, Maite, Luís y Alex. Gracias a Ignasi, por ayudarme con la cámara de envejecimiento. Gracias a Vanni Tiozzo y a Federico Carò, por conseguirme el papel de fractura predeterminada. Gracias a Teresa y a Julio, por su ayuda en el laboratorio de análisis físico-químicos. Gracias al Instituto de Restauración del Patrimonio, por dejarme ese espacio en el que he pasado tantas horas trabajando en la tesis. Y sobre todo gracias a Pilar, por haberme permitido llegar hasta aquí, y muchisimas gracias a Julia, por aguantarme hasta el final y por poner tanto de su parte, y sacar tiempo de donde no lo había para dedicarlo a mi tesis. Gracias a todos. 5 Índice ÍNDICE INTRODUZIONE / INTRODUCCIÓN. 13 OBJETIVOS Y METODOLOGÍA. 23 1 LAS PINTURAS MURALES DE PALOMINO EN LA IGLESIA DE LOS 25 SANTOS JUANES DE VALENCIA. 2 LOS ARRANQUES DE PINTURAS MURALES. 47 2.1. Razones para la realización de un arranque. 51 2.2. Técnicas de arranque de pintura mural. 54 3 EVOLUCIÓN HISTÓRICA DE LAS TÉCNICAS DE ARRANQUE. 67 4 NUEVOS SOPORTES MURALES. 81 4.1. Revisión de diferentes tipos de soportes usados a lo largo de la historia. 85 4.2. Revisión de diferentes tipos de estrato de intervención. 106 5 EXPERIMENTACIÓN PRÁCTICA. 111 5.1. Propuestas de intervención para la eliminación del antiguo soporte de las pinturas de la bóveda de la Iglesia de los Santos Juanes de Valencia. 113 5.5.1. Análisis de diferentes sistemas de separación. 5.5.2. Aplicación de los sistemas tradicionales de arranque. 5.5.3. Ensayos de sistemas de protección. 5.1.3.1. Ensayos con probetas de pinturas murales al fresco. 5.1.3.2. Ensayos con probetas de pinturas murales arrancadas por medio de strappo. 7 Índice 5.5.4. Materiales ensayados. 5.1.4.1. Telas. 5.1.4.2. Adhesivos. a. Reversibilidad. A1. Fotografías ultravioleta. A2. Mediciones colorimétricas. A3. Macrofotografías. A4.Espectroscopia Infrarroja por transformada de Fourier. 5.5.5. Propuesta de protección de un fragmento de las pinturas de Palomino en la Iglesia de los Santos Juanes de Valencia. 5.2. Ensayos de nuevos soportes. 143 5.5.1. Soporte. 5.5.2. Capa de intervención. 5.5.3. Adhesivos. 5.5.4. Experimentaciones prácticas. 5.5.5. Propuesta de aplicación de un nuevo soporte a un fragmento de las pinturas de Palomino en la Iglesia de los Santos Juanes de Valencia. 5.3. Ensayos de sistemas de anclaje del soporte al 203 muro. 5.5.1. Propuesta de aplicación de un sistema de anclaje en un fragmento de las pinturas de Palomino en la Iglesia de los Santos Juanes de Valencia. 6 APLICACIÓN DEL PROCESO SOBRE UN FRAGMENTO DE PINTURA 223 MURAL DE LA BÓVEDA DE LA NAVE CENTRAL DE LA IGLESIA DE LOS SANTOS JUANES DE VALENCIA. 7 CONCLUSIONI / CONCLUSIONES. 249 8 BIBLIOGRAFÍA. 263 8 Índice 9 ANEXOS. 281 9.1. Anexo I. Correspondencia de D. Domingo Fletcher. 283 9.2. Anexo II. Tablas de las probetas de análisis de diferentes concentraciones de los adhesivos. 9.3. Anexo III. Tablas de fotografías con luz 294 ultravioleta. 9.4. Anexo IV. Tablas de mediciones colorimétricas. 296 299 9.5.1. Mediciones colorimétricas de las probetas de laboratorio. 9.5.2. Mediciones colorimétricas del fragmento de pintura mural arrancada de la bóveda de la nave central de la iglesia de los Santos Juanes. 9.5. Anexo V. Tablas de análisis de muestras con Espectroscopia I.R. por transformada de Fourier. 314 9.5.1. Análisis de muestras tomadas de las probetas. 9.5.2. Análisis de muestras tomadas de los adhesivos utilizados, en estado puro. 9.5.3. Comparativa de las muestras tomadas de las probetas y de los espectros de cada adhesivo. 9.6. Anexo VI. Tablas de mediciones de peso de probetas. 339 9.7. Anexo VII. Comparativa de fotografías tomadas a través de microscopio óptico antes y después de la limpieza del panel, y después de la desprotección. 345 9 Tesis doctoral europea La presente tesis doctoral se ha llevado a cabo gracias a la concesión de una beca del plan de Formación de Profesorado Universitario, del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, durante el periodo comprendido entre abril de 2000 y octubre de 2003. Este periodo formativo se vió enriquecido con la estancia en L’ Università Internazionale dell’Arte di Firenze, en Italia, del 31 de enero al 31 de marzo de 2002, gracias a la concesión de una Ayuda para realizar estancias breves en España o el extranjero. Gracias a esta ayuda se ha tenido la oportunidad de adquirir una visión de la formación de restauradores distinta de la que se conocía hasta ese momento, y por lo tanto permitió incrementar la formación como restauradora y como persona. En 2003 tuve la oportunidad de llevar a cabo parte de la investigación que conduciría al desarrollo de esta tesis, en uno de los centros más relevantes en el campo de la conservación y la restauración europea, el Istituto Centrale per il Restauro de Roma, donde pude conocer de nuevo otro aspecto de la enseñanza de la restauración, lo que me permitió, además de obtener conocimientos muy fructíferos para esta tesis, crecer como docente. Esta estancia se desarrolló del 2 de noviembre al 20 de diciembre de 2003, pero esta vez con financiación propia. Gracias a estas estancias en centros europeos y la colaboración de diferentes expertos en la elaboración de la presente tesis doctoral, puedo optar a la mención de Doctor europeus. Los trabajos de investigación se han desarrollado en el Departamento de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, vinculada con el Taller de Análisis e Intervención de Pintura Mural del Instituto de Restauración del Patrimonio de esta misma univesidad. Gracias a ello he participado en múltiples obras de restauración de pintura mural, lo cual ha ayudado en el desarrollo de mayores conocimientos sobre el tema, para aplicarlos a la presente tesis doctoral. Del mismo modo he participado en diversos proyectos de investigación, desarrollo e innovación, y convenios: “Desarrollo de la investigación arquitectónica, pictórica, escultórica, ornamental, y propuesta de intervención para la recuperación Integral de la Basílica de la Virgen de los Desamparados de Valencia”; “Proyecto de intervención en las cúpulas, tambor y linterna de la Basílica de la Virgen de los Desamparados de Valencia”; “Ensayos No Destructivos por Ultrasonidos en Restauración y Conservación de Bienes Culturales: Aplicación a la Bóveda de la Iglesia de los Santos Juanes”; “Conservación y Restauración de la Decoración Pictórica Mural de la Cúpula de la Capilla del Santísimo Cristo. Oliva”; 11 Tesis doctoral europea “Restauración de los restos de pintura mural al fresco sitas en la nave central de la iglesia de los Santos Juanes de Valencia” 1. La participación en estos proyectos nos ha permitido investigar con mayores conocimientos prácticos que de otro modo no se hubiera conseguido. 1 Convenio suscrito entre la Iglesia de los Santos Juanes de Valencia y el Instituto de Restauración de Bienes Culturales, con la aprobación de la Consellería de Cultura de la Generalitat Valenciana, y con financiación de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. (En vigencia desde enero de 2004). Directora del proyecto: Pilar Roig Picazo Participantes: Clavel Piá, Inmaculada; Gómez Chaparro, Gema; Martínez Bazán, Mª Luisa; Osca Pons, Julia; Palumbo, María; Regidor Merino, Jose Luis; Regidor Ros, José Luis; Sánchez Pons, Mercedes; Soriano Sancho, Pilar; Zalbidea Muñoz, Maria Antonia. 12 INTRODUZIONE INTRODUCCIÓN Introduzione INTRODUZIONE Parte della ricerca eseguita per elaborare questa tesi di dottorato, si sviluppa negli studi di nuovi supporti per dipinti murali strappati, per applicare il più adatto agli affreschi della volta della navata principale della chiesa di Santos Juanes di Valencia. Perciò, questa tesi si sviluppa nel marco della ricerca che ha il suo origine nei Progetti I+D+I che la Commissione Interministeriali di Sciencia e Tecnología (CICYT) ha concesso nel Progetto Nazionale di Ricerca e Sviluppo, all’equipe di ricerca diretto dalla Dottoressa Pilar Roig Picazo, per il restauro della Chiesa di Santos Juanes di Valencia.
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