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This Week's Stories
For the Week Ending April 2, 2010 This Week’s Stories______ However, although the work at the 3GPP will make it possible to deploy TD-LTE at 2.6GHz in the US, Clearwire is committed to WiMax for now. Clearwire Paves Way for LTE in US March 29, 2010 "Clearwire intends to maintain our 4G leadership position, which requires us to future-proof our network and stay Clearwire LLC is part of a group of operators and vendors abreast of emerging 4G technologies and evaluate their that has asked the 3rd Generation Partnership Project potential when and if standards are reached," a Clearwire (3GPP) standards body to start work on specs that would spokeswoman wrote in an emailed response to Light allow TD-LTE to be deployed in the US in the 2.6GHz Reading Mobile. spectrum -- which is now used for WiMax -- in a move that further exposes the operator's interest in the competing Another boost for TD-LTE? proto-4G standard. Beyond the implications for Clearwire's future network technology strategy, adding the US 2.6GHz band to the The proposal to adopt the 2496MHz-to-2690MHz 3GPP LTE specs could potentially broaden the market for frequency band in the US for TD-LTE, which was first TD-LTE. highlighted on the "LTE Watch" blog, was accepted at a 3GPP meeting earlier this month. The acceptance is TD-LTE is the flavor of LTE that China Mobile will use, significant because it will enable Clearwire and other although it will deploy the technology at 2.3GHz. The spectrum holders to deploy TD-LTE, which is the time operator is looking to gain support for TD-LTE outside division duplex (TDD) version of LTE, in the US. -
MEDIA RELEASE Vodafone Hutchison
Hutchison Telecommunications (Australia) Limited ABN 15 003 677 227 Level 7, 40 Mount Street North Sydney, NSW 2060 Tel: (02) 99644646 Fax: (02) 8904 0457 www.hutchison.com.au ASX Market Announcements Australian Securities Exchange Date 24 January 2014 Subject: VHA Announcement Please find attached a media release from Vodafone Hutchison Australia Pty Limited. Yours faithfully Louise Sexton Company Secretary For personal use only MEDIA RELEASE Vodafone Hutchison Australia appoints new CEO Friday, 24 January 2014 – Vodafone Hutchison Australia today announced the appointment of Inaki Berroeta as CEO Vodafone Hutchison Australia. Inaki is currently CEO in Romania and will succeed Bill Morrow on 1 March. Bill Morrow will remain with Vodafone Australia until the end of March. Inaki Berroeta has served as President and Chief Executive Officer since 2010 overseeing 3500-employees (total revenue was EUR 769 million with EBITDA of EUR 276 million for the fiscal year 2012-2013). Under Mr Berroeta’s leadership Vodafone Romania has delivered growth and improved profitability in a highly competitive market and tough economic conditions. He led Vodafone Romania’s successful bid to renew and acquire a 15-year spectrum license and established the company as the first mobile carrier to offer LTE services. Outgoing CEO of Vodafone Australia, Bill Morrow, said Mr Berroeta’s international experience and passion for the Vodafone family would ensure a smooth transition and a continued transformation of the company. “Inaki is a great fit for the local team and his diverse background places him well to take Vodafone through to the next phase of its 3 year turnaround. -
Termination Rates at European Level January 2021
BoR (21) 71 Termination rates at European level January 2021 10 June 2021 BoR (21) 71 Table of contents 1. Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 2 2. Fixed networks – voice interconnection ..................................................................... 6 2.1. Assumptions made for the benchmarking ................................................................ 6 2.2. FTR benchmark .......................................................................................................... 6 2.3. Short term evolution of fixed incumbents’ FTRs (from July 2020 to January 2021) ................................................................................................................................... 9 2.4. FTR regulatory model implemented and symmetry overview ............................... 12 2.5. Number of lines and market shares ........................................................................ 13 3. Mobile networks – voice interconnection ................................................................. 14 3.1. Assumptions made for the benchmarking .............................................................. 14 3.2. Average MTR per country: rates per voice minute (as of January 2021) ............ 15 3.3. Average MTR per operator ...................................................................................... 18 3.4. Average MTR: Time series of simple average and weighted average at European level ................................................................................................................. -
The Electric Telegraph
To Mark, Karen and Paul CONTENTS page ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENTS TO 1837 13 Early experiments—Francis Ronalds—Cooke and Wheatstone—successful experiment on the London & Birmingham Railway 2 `THE CORDS THAT HUNG TAWELL' 29 Use on the Great Western and Blackwall railways—the Tawell murder—incorporation of the Electric Tele- graph Company—end of the pioneering stage 3 DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE COMPANIES 46 Early difficulties—rivalry between the Electric and the Magnetic—the telegraph in London—the overhouse system—private telegraphs and the press 4 AN ANALYSIS OF THE TELEGRAPH INDUSTRY TO 1868 73 The inland network—sources of capital—the railway interest—analysis of shareholdings—instruments- working expenses—employment of women—risks of submarine telegraphy—investment rating 5 ACHIEVEMENT IN SUBMARINE TELEGRAPHY I o The first cross-Channel links—the Atlantic cable— links with India—submarine cable maintenance com- panies 6 THE CASE FOR PUBLIC ENTERPRISE 119 Background to the nationalisation debate—public attitudes—the Edinburgh Chamber of Commerce— Frank Ives. Scudamore reports—comparison with continental telegraph systems 7 NATIONALISATION 1868 138 Background to the Telegraph Bill 1868—tactics of the 7 8 CONTENTS Page companies—attitudes of the press—the political situa- tion—the Select Committee of 1868—agreement with the companies 8 THE TELEGRAPH ACTS 154 Terms granted to the telegraph and railway companies under the 1868 Act—implications of the 1869 telegraph monopoly 9 THE POST OFFICE TELEGRAPH 176 The period 87o-1914—reorganisation of the -
The Otranto-Valona Cable and the Origins of Submarine Telegraphy in Italy
Advances in Historical Studies, 2017, 6, 18-39 http://www.scirp.org/journal/ahs ISSN Online: 2327-0446 ISSN Print: 2327-0438 The Otranto-Valona Cable and the Origins of Submarine Telegraphy in Italy Roberto Mantovani Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), Physics Laboratory: Urbino Museum of Science and Technology, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy How to cite this paper: Mantovani, R. Abstract (2017). The Otranto-Valona Cable and the Origins of Submarine Telegraphy in Italy. This work is born out of the accidental finding, in a repository of the ancient Advances in Historical Studies, 6, 18-39. “Oliveriana Library” in the city of Pesaro (Italy), of a small mahogany box https://doi.org/10.4236/ahs.2017.61002 containing three specimens of a submarine telegraph cable built for the Italian Received: December 22, 2016 government by the Henley Company of London. This cable was used to con- Accepted: March 18, 2017 nect, by means of the telegraph, in 1864, the Ports of Otranto and Avlona (to- Published: March 21, 2017 day Valona, Albania). As a scientific relic, the Oliveriana memento perfectly fits in the scene of that rich chapter of the history of long distance electrical Copyright © 2017 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. communications known as submarine telegraphy. It is known that, thanks to This work is licensed under the Creative the English, the issue of submarine electric communication had an impressive Commons Attribution International development in Europe from the second half of the nineteenth century on. License (CC BY 4.0). Less known is the fact that, in this emerging technology field, Italy before uni- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ fication was able to carve out a non-negligible role for itself, although primar- Open Access ily political. -
The Early Years of the Telephone
©2012 JSR The early years of the telephone The early years of the telephone John S. Reid Before Bell Ask who invented the telephone and most people who have an answer will reply Alexander Graham Bell, and probably clock it up as yet another invention by a Scotsman that was commercialised beyond our borders. Like many one line summaries, this is partly true but it credits to one person much more than he really deserves. Bell didn’t invent the word, he didn’t invent the concept, what ever the patent courts decreed, and actually didn’t invent most of the technology needed to turn the telephone into a business or household reality. He did, though, submit a crucial patent at just the right time in 1876, find backers to develop his concept, promoted his invention vigorously and pursued others through the courts to establish close to a monopoly business that made him and a good many others very well off. So, what is the fuller story of the early years of the telephone? In the 1820s, Charles Wheatstone who would later make a big name for himself as an inventor of telegraphy equipment invented a device he called a ‘telephone’ for transmitting music from one room to the next. It was not electrical but relied on conducting sound through a rod. In the same decade he also invented a device he called a ‘microphone’, for listening to faint sounds, but again it was not electrical. In succeeding decades quite a number of different devices by various inventors were given the name ‘telephone’. -
Morse Code (Edited from Wikipedia)
Morse Code (Edited from Wikipedia) SUMMARY Morse code is a method of transmitting text information as a series of on-off tones, lights, or clicks that can be directly understood by a skilled listener or observer without special equipment. It is named for Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor of the telegraph. The International Morse Code encodes the ISO basic Latin alphabet, some extra Latin letters, the Arabic numerals and a small set of punctuation and procedural signals (prosigns) as standardized sequences of short and long signals called "dots" and "dashes", or "dits" and "dahs", as in amateur radio practice. Because many non-English natural languages use more than the 26 Roman letters, extensions to the Morse alphabet exist for those languages. Each Morse code symbol represents either a text character (letter or numeral) or a prosign and is represented by a unique sequence of dots and dashes. The duration of a dash is three times the duration of a dot. Each dot or dash is followed by a short silence, equal to the dot duration. The letters of a word are separated by a space equal to three dots (one dash), and the words are separated by a space equal to seven dots. The dot duration is the basic unit of time measurement in code transmission. To increase the speed of the communication, the code was designed so that the length of each character in Morse is shorter the more frequently it is used in the language. Thus the most common letter in English, the letter "E", has the shortest code, a single dot. -
The History of the Telephone
THE HISTORY OF THE TELEPHONE BY HERBERT N. CASSON First edition A. C. McClurg & Co. Chicago Published: 1910 PREFACE Thirty-five short years, and presto! the newborn art of telephony is fullgrown. Three million telephones are now scattered abroad in foreign countries, and seven millions are massed here, in the land of its birth. So entirely has the telephone outgrown the ridicule with which, as many people can well remember, it was first received, that it is now in most places taken for granted, as though it were a part of the natural phenomena of this planet. It has so marvelously extended the facilities of conversation--that "art in which a man has all mankind for competitors"--that it is now an indispensable help to whoever would live the convenient life. The disadvantage of being deaf and dumb to all absent persons, which was universal in pre-telephonic days, has now happily been overcome; and I hope that this story of how and by whom it was done will be a welcome addition to American libraries. It is such a story as the telephone itself might tell, if it could speak with a voice of its own. It is not technical. It is not statistical. It is not exhaustive. It is so brief, in fact, that a second volume could readily be made by describing the careers of telephone leaders whose names I find have been omitted unintentionally from this book--such indispensable men, for instance, as William R. Driver, who has signed more telephone cheques and larger ones than any other man; Geo. -
Vantage Towers AG
Prospectus dated March 8, 2021 Prospectus for the public offering in the Federal Republic of Germany of 88,888,889 existing ordinary registered shares with no par value (Namensaktien ohne Nennbetrag) from the holdings of the Existing Shareholder, of 22,222,222 existing ordinary registered shares with no par value (Namensaktien ohne Nennbetrag) from the holdings of the Existing Shareholder, with the number of shares to be actually placed with investors subject to the exercise of an Upsize Option upon the decision of the Existing Shareholder, in agreement with the Joint Global Coordinators, on the date of pricing, and of 13,333,333 existing ordinary registered shares with no par value (Namensaktien ohne Nennbetrag) from the holdings of the Existing Shareholder in connection with a possible over-allotment, and at the same time for the admission to trading on the regulated market (regulierter Markt) of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) with simultaneous admission to the sub- segment of the regulated market with additional post-admission obligations (Prime Standard) of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) of 505,782,265 existing ordinary registered shares with no par value (Namensaktien ohne Nennbetrag) (existing share capital), each such share with a notional value of EUR 1.00 in the Company’s share capital and full dividend rights as of April 1, 2020 of Vantage Towers AG Düsseldorf, Germany Price Range: EUR 22.50 – EUR 29.00 International Securities Identification Number (ISIN): DE000A3H3LL2 German Securities Code (Wertpapierkennnummer, WKN): A3H 3LL Common Code: 230832161 Ticker Symbol: VTWR Joint Global Coordinators BofA Securities Morgan Stanley UBS Joint Bookrunners Barclays Berenberg BNP PARIBAS Deutsche Bank Goldman Sachs Jefferies TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. -
Microwave Engineering and Systems Applications
Microwave Engineering and Systems Applications Edward A. Wolff Roger Kaul WILEY A WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PUBLICATION JOHN WILEY & SONS New York • Chichester • Brisbane • Toronto • Singapore Contributors J. Douglas Adam (Chapter 10, co-author), Westinghouse Research Labo ratories, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania David Blough (Chapter 22, co-author), Westinghouse Electric Co., Balti more, Maryland Michael C. Driver (Chapter 16), Westinghouse Research Laboratories, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Albert W. Friend (Chapter 5), Space and Naval Warfare Systems Com mand, Washington, D.C. Robert V. Garver (Chapters 6, 9, and 12; Chapter 10, co-author), Harry Diamond Laboratories, Adelphi, Maryland William E. Hosey (Chapter 17; Chapter 22, co-author), Westinghouse Elec tric Co., Baltimore, Maryland Roger Kaul (Chapters 2, 3, 4, 8, 11, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21; Chapters 7, 15 co-author), Litton Amecom, College Park, Maryland (Presently at Harry Diamond Laboratories) David A. Leiss (Chapters 7 and 15, co-author), EEsof Inc., Manassas, Virginia Preface This book had its beginnings when Richard A. Wainwright, Cir-Q-Tel Pres ident, asked Washington area microwave engineers to create a course to interest students in microwave engineering and prepare them for positions industry was unable to fill. Five of these microwave engineers, H. Warren Cooper, Albert W. Friend, Robert V. Garver, Roger Kaul, and Edward A. Wolff, responded to the request. These engineers formed the Washington Microwave Education Committee, which designed and developed the mi crowave course. Financial support to defray course expenses was provided by Bruno Weinschel, President of Weinschel Engineering. The course was given for several years to seniors at the Capitol Institute of Technology in Laurel, Maryland. -
The Morse Code Fact Sheet
THE MORSE CODE In England in 1837, the physicist Charles Wheatstone took out a patent for a telegraph system where a message could be sent down wires to a distant point using the movement of compass needles to spell out the words. In America in the same year, Samuel Morse produced an experimental telegraph system where an automatic printer recorded the incoming messages on a roll of paper, the “Morse inker”. To enable this to have a practical use he invented a code that used dots and dashes, sending the words using a “Morse key”. The inker was soon replaced by a sounder, a bell or buzzer, at the receiving end of the line. In 1843 the American government advanced money for the setting up of a telegraph service between Baltimore and Washington using Morse code. Back in England Wheatstone’s needle system was used extensively along railway lines to send messages between stations. Simultaneously several rival companies set up telegraph links and soon most towns and villages were wired up, the telegraph poles carrying dozens of wires became a familiar site down the side of the roads. In 1870 the post office took over the whole network and the Morse code tapped out by the Morse key and later high speed automatic machines and tele printers became the universal language of telegraphic communication. By the end of the 19th century, the telephone had been invented, people could speak to each other through the wires, and telephony was replacing telegraphy. Morse code, however, was still used in World War One and beyond for radio communication, you can see the Morse key on the trench transmitter in the bottom of the cabinet at the end of the room. -
Compulsory Publication in Accordance with Section 14
NON-BINDING ENGLISH TRANSLATION Mandatory publication pursuant to sections 34, 14 paras. 2 and 3 of the German Securities Acqui- sition and Takeover Act (Wertpapiererwerbs- und Übernahmegesetz – WpÜG) Shareholders of Kabel Deutschland Holding AG, in particular those who have their place of residence, seat (Sitz) or place of habitual abode outside the Federal Republic of Germany should pay particular attention to the information contained in Section 1 “General infor- mation and notes for shareholders”, Section 6.8 “Possible parallel acquisitions” and Sec- tion 11.9 “Note to holders of American Depositary Receipts” of this Offer Document. OFFER DOCUMENT VOLUNTARY PUBLIC TAKEOVER OFFER (Cash Offer) by Vodafone Vierte Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH (whose change of legal form into a German stock corporation under the company name Vodafone Vierte Verwaltungs AG has been resolved upon) Ferdinand-Braun-Platz 1, 40549 Düsseldorf, Germany to the shareholders of Kabel Deutschland Holding AG Betastraße 6 – 8, 85774 Unterföhring, Germany to acquire all no-par value bearer shares of Kabel Deutschland Holding AG for a cash consideration of EUR 84.50 per Kabel Deutschland Holding AG share In addition, the shareholders of Kabel Deutschland Holding AG shall benefit from the dividend for the financial year ending on 31 March 2013 in the amount of EUR 2.50 per Kabel Deutschland Holding AG share as proposed by Kabel Deutschland Holding AG. If the settlement of the Takeover Offer occurs prior to the day on which Kabel Deutschland Holding AG’s general meeting resolving on the distribution of profits for the financial year ending on 31 March 2013 is held, the cash con- sideration will be increased by EUR 2.50 per Kabel Deutschland Holding AG share to EUR 87.00 per Kabel Deutschland Holding AG share.