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Final Report Feasibility Study for Organic Waste Diversion & SLCP Avoidance in Penang, Malaysia Final Report 31 March 2017 KANSO Co., Ltd. For Global Environment Centre(GEC) Supported by: Contents Ⅰ．Contents of the project ........................................................................................................................... 1 1. Project name ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Objectives................................................................................................................................................... 1 3. Scope of works ........................................................................................................................................... 1 3.1 Activity 1 – Feasibility study for Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) and Bio-Digester at the Pulau Burong landfill site .................................................................................................................................................. 1 4. Risk assessment .......................................................................................................................................... 2 5. Dispatch landfill concessionaire/operator for Technology training in Japan and presentation in the stakeholders’ workshop ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 6. Study period ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Ⅱ. Study results ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Activity 1 – Feasibility study for Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) and Bio-Digester at the Pulau Burong landfill site ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 1. Characterization of wastes ........................................................................................................................... 5 2. Obtained values in the study for FS ............................................................................................................ 18 3. Material recovery facility (MRF) and biodigester ......................................................................................... 19 4. Estimation of CH4 reduction and SLCPs reduction converted to CO2 ............................................................ 21 5. Building and proposing appropriate business model ..................................................................................... 22 6. Facilities for better recycling ...................................................................................................................... 27 7 Realistic scale ............................................................................................................................................ 29 8. Rough estimate of construction cost ............................................................................................................ 31 10. Comparison of methane recovery installation cost with incineration ............................................................ 44 11. Available technologies developed by Japanese manufacturer regarding methane recovery ............................. 45 Ⅲ. Others .................................................................................................................................................... 45 1. Risk assessment ....................................................................................................................................... 45 2. Dispatch presenter for technology training in Japan and presentation in the stakeholder’s workshop ..... 48 2.1 CCAC-3 Technology Training in Japan ................................................................................................. 48 2.2 Workshop in Penang ............................................................................................................................ 49 3. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................. 50 4. References; .............................................................................................................................................. 50 5. Attachments ............................................................................................................................................ 51 Ⅰ．Contents of the project 1. Project name Feasibility Study (FS) for Organic Waste Diversion & SLCP Avoidance in Penang, Malaysia regarding CCAC Stage III of the “Organic Waste Diversion from Landfill and Avoidance of Short-lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs)” Under the Municipal Solid Waste Initiative (MSWI) of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to Reduce SLCPs, in Penang, Malaysia. 2. Objectives This FS is a part of the program to reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) by Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to implement Municipal Solid Waste Initiative (MSWI) with the objectives of enhancing waste management practices while reducing methane and black carbon emissions. For Phase I and II of the initiative, GEC supported CCAC by assisting UNEP IETC conduct a “City Assessment” for Penang, Malaysia in the Stage 1 and prepare a report on Waste and SLCPs with analysis (2012- 2013). In the Stage 2 of the City of Penang, the state government of Penang developed an “Organic Waste Management Plan” and “Best Practices paper on organic waste management” (2014-2015). GEC was selected as an implementer of the Stage 3 activities, part of Phase III of the initiative, because its experiences and strong partnership with Penang developed through waste management projects since 2004. KANSO has worked on potential to reduce SLCPs（mainly methane）through methane recovery and selected best practice/technologies to induce sustainable effects. 3. Scope of works 3.1 Activity 1 – Feasibility study for Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) and Bio-Digester at the Pulau Burong landfill site 3.1.1 Waste Characterization study The study was implemented at landfill to determine the type and quantity of discards for 5 calendar days. This waste characterization study was done with MSW samples collected for a period of 5 calendar days from both Penang Island and Sebarang Perai. Furthermore, MSW samples were also sampled from 13 parliamentary constituencies. Collected samples were sorted out into the different categories; weighed and recorded e.g. 1 recyclables consisting of paper products, plastics, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, organic waste and residuals for final disposal etc. 3.1.2 Feasibility Study of appropriate MRF and bio-digester technologies With the aim of providing flexibility for future expansion and upgrading with new MRF technology, the following matters were studied in this FS. 1) Appropriate MRF technologies for inorganic wastes 2) Bio-digester technology for organic waste, and carry out the 3) Estimation of reducing emissions of methane gas as CO2 by producing biogas (mainly methane gas). 3.1.3 Building and proposal of appropriate business model The feasibility of bio-digester technology for organic waste will be identified with a possible business model including design of an appropriate MRF, bio-digester in Pulau Burong landfill. 4. Risk assessment Major risks including stakeholder participation and the process in the identification of the appropriate technology and affordability associate with the project activities and the likelihood of their occurrence, were assessed. 5. Dispatch landfill concessionaire/operator for Technology training in Japan and presentation in the stakeholders’ workshop The landfill concessionaire/operator was sent for the technology training organized by GEC. The training was held on December 2016 to support the landfill operators and governmental officer assisting in learning technology operation and maintenance, including environmental impact, engineering design and business models in Japan. The stakeholders’ collaborated workshop was organized by GEC and the Penang state government. The stakeholders’ workshop review the Stage 3 activities being implement under this agreement and pending activities. The next steps and how to replicate to other cities and countries are also discussed at the workshop. 2 6. Study period Start date 1 July 2016 End date 31 March 2017 3 Ⅱ. Study results Activity 1 – Feasibility study for Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) and Bio-Digester at the Pulau Burong landfill site This FS aims at reducing amounts of municipal solid wastes (MSW) and short-lived climate pollutants, (SLCPs) in Pulau Burong landfill where is the place of the final waste disposal sites of Penang, Malaysia. Figure 2-1 indicates the outline of this FS. Ⅰ：Material Recovery Facility (Separation and recovery) Ⅱ：Methane Fermentation Municipal solid waste Ⅲ：Efficient Use(Electricity, thermal recycle and so on) Electricity / Thermal recycle Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Methane Separation Recovery Efficient Use Fermentation Organic Waste Methane Residue Residue / Waste water Landfill Disposal / Drainage treatment Remark: Red dashed square indicates the scope of this study. Ⅰ・Ⅱ ⇒ Material recovery facility (MRF) and biodigester
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