FAITH-HEALING Miracle Or Fraud? an Investigation of Faith-Healers by James Randi, Paul Kurtz, Joseph Barnhart, Philip Singer
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I Special Issue Spring 1986 RI d í ft .~ Iii .../,''' ~ ~~ ~ tas Ernest Angley Oral Rober ts \ i Oft te 4 :, + Apt‘„ - 6, // o so ~• _ "15 W. V. Grant Pat Robertson FAITH-HEALING Miracle or Fraud? An Investigation of faith-healers by James Randi, Paul Kurtz, Joseph Barnhart, Philip Singer SPRING 1986, VOL. 6, NO. 2 ISSN 0272-0701 Contents 3 LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 54 BIBLICAL SCORECARD 37 ON THE BARRICADES 64 IN THE NAME OF GOD ARTICLES SPECIAL FEATURE ON FAITH-HEALING: MIRACLE OR FRAUD? 5 Introduction: The Need for Investigation Paul Kurtz 8 "Be Healed in the Name of God" James Randi 20 A Medical Anthropologist's View of American Shamans Philip Singer 24 On the Relative Sincerity of Faith-Healers Joseph E. Barnhart 30 Does Faith-Healing Work? Paul Kurtz 38 God Helps Those Who Help Themselves Thomas Flynn 46 The Effect of Intelligence on Religious Faith Burnham P. Beckwith BOOKS 55 Biographies of Jesus Vern L. Bullough 56 An Insider's View of Fundamentalism Max Hocutt VIEWPOINTS 57 The Quiet Invasion of the Classroom Edd Doerr 58 A Humanistic Alternative to Alcoholics Anonymous Donald G. Simmermacher 60 You Are What You're Told Thomas S. Vernon 66 CLASSIFIED Editor: Paul Kurtz Associate Editors: Doris Doyle, Steven L. Mitchell, Lee Nisbet, Gordon Stein Managing Editor: Andrea Szalanski Contributing Editors: Lionel Abel, author, critic; Paul Beattie, president, Fellowship of Religious Humanists; Jo-Ann Boydston, director, Dewey Center; Laurence Briskman, lecturer, Edinburgh University, Scotland; Vern Bullough, historian, State University of New York College at Buffalo; Albert Ellis, director, Institute for Rational Living; Roy P. Fairfield, social scientist, Union Graduate School; Joseph Fletcher, theologian, University of Virginia Medical School; Antony Flew, philosopher, Reading University, England; Sidney Hook, professor emeritus of philosophy, NYU; Marvin Kohl, philosopher, State University of New York College at Fredonia; Jean Kotkin, executive director, American Ethical Union; Gerald Larue, professor emeritus of archaeology and biblical history, USC; Ronald A. Lindsay, attorney, Washington, D.C.; Howard Radest, director, Ethical Culture Schools; Ralph Raico, associate professor of history, State University of New York College at Buffalo; Robert Rimmer, author; William Ryan, free-lance reporter, novelist; Svetozar Stojanovic, professor of philosophy, University of Belgrade; Thomas Szasz, psychiatrist, Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse; V. M. Tarkunde, Supreme Court Judge, India; Richard Taylor, professor of philosophy, Union College; Sherwin Wine, founder, Society for Humanistic Judaism Editorial Associates: H. James Birx, James Martin-Diaz, Thomas Flynn, Thomas Franczyk, Marvin Zimmerman Executive Director of CODESH, Inc.: Jean Millholland Book Reviews: Victor Gulotta Promotion: Barry L. Karr Cartoonist: Tom Toles Systems Manager: Richard Seymour Typesetting: Paul E. Loynes Layout: Guy Burgstahler, Alain Kugel Audio Technician: Vance Vigrass Staff. Jacqueline Livingston, Valerie Marvin, Alfreda Pidgeon FREE INQUIRY (ISSN 0272-0701) is published quarterly by the Council for Democratic and Secular Humanism (CODESH, Inc.), a nonprofit corporation, 3151 Bailey Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14215. Phone (716) 834-2921. Copyright ©1986 by CODESH, Inc. Second-class postage paid at Buffalo, New York, and at additional mailing offices. National distribution by International Periodicals Distributors, San Diego, California. Subscription rates: $16.50 for one year, $29.00 for two years, $38.00 for three years, $3.75 for single copies. Address subscription orders, changes of address, and advertising to: FREE INQUIRY, Box 5, Buffalo, NY 14215-0005. Manuscripts, letters and editorial inquiries should be addressed to: The Editor, FREE INQUIRY, Box 5, Buffalo, N.Y. 14215-0005. All manuscripts should he accompanied by two additional copies and a stamped, addressed envelope. Opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors or publisher. movement by my choices. A moral philosophy of the macrocosm can exclude the concepts of anthropomor- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR phic theism advanced by major religions, yet still transmit the beauty, power, and even the necessity of personal congruence with universal laws. In plain words, we may find Humanism and Religion recommendation in mind beyond the proper ourselves closer to God without religion than use of a word.... I got my auxiliary verbs through it. The time has come for reconciliation After poring over "Is Secular Humanism a mixed." Religion?" (FI, Winter 1985/86), it strikes Of course, as Hook indicates, Christian between theist and atheist. The theist should me that the aversion to religion is not so clergymen and theologians soon trium- accept the fact that the personality of God much to religion per se as it is to institution- phantly claimed Dewey as a theist and even is the personality of our universe, which alized religion. This distinction was made, went so far as to ascribe to him a theology. includes all of us, our worst with our best. clearly I think, in the First Amendment, My correspondence with Dewey was pub- The atheist should recognize that this uni- when lawmakers were told they could not lished in The Journal of Philosophy, January verse is alive, and its traditional name is tilt toward (or even mention) an establish- 5, 1961, and later in my book Voice in the God. ment of religion but at the same time they Wilderness (1974). The letters in question Lance Jencks must respect the "free exercise" of religion. are preserved in the Rare Book and Manu- Irvine, Calif. The difference is between brand name and script Library of Columbia University. generic. In conclusion, regarding the never- The secularist debate has to do princi- ending controversy over the meaning and pally with word meanings and is reminiscent existence of God, I like to quote a brief Homer Duncan's Crusade of the argument about how many angels poem by Paul Kirkpatrick entitled "God": can dance on the head of a pin. Rather than 1 am surprised that you would let Mr. engendering divisiveness, one should con- Then let us debate him with Duncan get the better of you (FI, Winter sider that the terms religion and ligament Zealous persistence, 1985/86). I should think you would know both derive from the same Latin word mean- Knowing before we begin, that fundamentalists, when they cannot con- That I can define him out of existence ing "binding" and "tying together." As has vert you, are satisfied to put you on the And you can define him back in. been said, "The desire for freedom is a liga- defensive, which is what he did. And the ment uniting all peoples." correspondence stopped as soon as you let Corliss Lamont Louis Worth Jones him do it. When you expressed shock at the New York, N.Y. San Mateo, Calif. brutality of his indirect affront, you let up on your attack and gave him the field. Logic, fairness, and truth mean nothing to these I share Sidney Hook's concern over the im- Sidney Hook, in "Pluralistic Humanism," people because these weaken the faith. proper use of the term God, as expressed in writes that "in some countries like ... Israel, Fundamentalists practice power politics. One his provocative article "Pluralistic Human- where church and state are not separated, of the fatal errors you made was in being ism" (Winter 1985/86). Professor Hook the state of religious freedom is as healthy nice, which is not productive. Duncan did tells about talking with John Dewey con- as it is in the United States." This statement not follow the rules of gentlemanly conduct cerning the manuscript of Dewey's book A is just plain false. In Israel and its occupied toward you and, when you were a gentleman Common Faith (1934). There, Hook states, territories, non-Jews are discriminated to him, he took advantage of it and struck a Dewey defined god as "the union of the against in areas of employment, residency, blow to your midsection. Such a person does ideal and the real." Hook believes that travel, availability of reading material, access not merit courteous treatment, he simply Dewey thus incorporated the word "God" to free press, social services, military service, needs to be dealt a crushing defeat. That's in his philosophy of Naturalism. judicial procedures, the right of peaceful what he would do to you. He would rise to However, in 1935 I corresponded with protest, and in many other ways. In fact, if power riding on your back and he would John Dewey about this very matter and a Jew converts to another religion, he/ she beat you into the ground with your own asked him specifically about the relevant loses his/her nationality and thereby kindness if you let him. sentence in A Common Faith: "It is the becomes a second-class citizen. Dr. Hook active relation between the ideal and actual will find documentation of this discrimina- Hampton Burt to which I would give the name `God.' " He tion readily available if he takes the time to Houston, Tex. answered in a letter dated August 16, 1935: look for it. "I suppose one of the first things I learned in grammar was the difference between will David D. Van Strien I suspect the fear of a fundamentalist and shall, and the consequent difference Peterborough, N.H. onslaught expressed by the secular-humanist between would and should. But nevertheless contingent, while not totally unfounded, is I made a bad slip which accounts for the an overreaction. I am quite confident that a fact that you thought I was making a recom- I call myself a "scientific humanist" because