Human Trafficking in the UK
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House of Commons Home Affairs Committee The Trade in Human Beings: Human Trafficking in the UK Sixth Report of Session 2008–09 Volum e II Oral and written evidence Ordered by The House of Commons to be printed 6 May 2009 HC 23-II [incorporating HC 318–i–vi, Session 2007–09] Published on 14 May 2009 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 The Home Affairs Committee The Home Affairs Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Home Office and its associated public bodies. Current membership Rt Hon Keith Vaz MP (Labour, Leicester East) (Chairman) Tom Brake MP (Liberal Democrat, Carshalton and Wallington) Ms Karen Buck MP (Labour, Regent’s Park and Kensington North) Mr James Clappison MP (Conservative, Hertsmere) Mrs Ann Cryer MP (Labour, Keighley) David TC Davies MP (Conservative, Monmouth) Mrs Janet Dean MP (Labour, Burton) Patrick Mercer MP (Conservative, Newark) Margaret Moran MP (Labour, Luton South) Gwyn Prosser MP (Labour, Dover) Bob Russell MP (Liberal Democrat, Colchester) Martin Salter MP (Labour, Reading West) Mr Gary Streeter MP (Conservative, South West Devon) Mr David Winnick MP (Labour, Walsall North) Powers The Committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publication The Reports and evidence of the Committee are published by The Stationery Office by Order of the House. All publications of the Committee (including press notices) are on the Internet at www.parliament.uk/homeaffairscom. A list of Reports of the Committee since Session 2005–06 is at the back of this volume. Committee staff The current staff of the Committee are Elizabeth Flood (Clerk), Eliot Wilson (Second Clerk), Elisabeth Bates (Committee Specialist), Sarah Harrison (Committee Specialist), Mr Daren Hackett (Senior Committee Assistant), Mr Ameet Chudasama (Committee Assistant), Sheryl Dinsdale (Committee Assistant) and Ms Jessica Bridges-Palmer (Select Committee Media Officer). Contacts All correspondence should be addressed to the Clerk of the Home Affairs Committee, House of Commons, 7 Millbank, London SW1P 3JA. The telephone number for general enquiries is 020 7219 3276; the Committee’s email address is [email protected]. Witnesses Tuesday 5 February 2008 Page Ms Klara Skrivankova, Anti-Slavery International Ev 1 Tuesday 29 April 2008 Ms Denise Marshall, Chief Executive, and Ms Anna Johansson, Manager, POPPY Project Ev 11 Ms Christine Beddoe, Director, ECPAT UK Ev 17 Mr Ian Livsey, Chief Executive, and Mr David Nix, Head of Policy and Communications, Gangmasters Licensing Authority Ev 21 Ms Kate Roberts, Co-ordinator, and Ms Jenny Moss, Community Support Worker, Kalayaan Ev 24 Tuesday 17 June 2008 Ms Raggi Kotak, Ms Michelle Brewer, Ms Kathryn Cronin and Ms Zoifia Ev 29 Duszynska, ATLeP Tuesday 24 June 2008 Chief Constable Grahame Maxwell, Chief Constable North Yorkshire and Programme Director, and Detective Chief Superintendent Nick Kinsella, Ev 37 Head, UK Human Trafficking Centre Mr Misha Glenny, Journalist Ev 47 Tuesday 24 June 2008 Mr Ian Murray, Editor-in-Chief, Southern Daily Echo, NewsQuest Ev 52 Mr Max-Peter Ratzel, Director of Europol, and Mr Bob Fairweather, Deputy Ev 55 Head of Mission, British Embassy in The Netherlands Mr Joaquim Nunes de Almeida, Adviser, Directorate F (Security), and Ms Maria Grazia Giammarinaro, National Seconded Expert, DG Justice, Freedom Ev 59 and Security, European Commission Tuesday 21 October 2008 Mr Jim Gamble, and Ms Aarti Kapoor, Child Exploitation and Online Ev 63 Protection Centre Tuesday 9 December 2008 Page Commander Allan Gibson, Detective Chief Inspector Nigel Mawer, Human Trafficking Unit, and Detective Inspector Gordon Valentine, Paladin Team, Ev 74 Metropolitan Police Councillor Shireen Ritchie, Deputy Chairman of the London Councils Children and Young People’s Forum, and Mr Steve Liddicott, Director of Planning, Performance and Commissioning, Department for Children, Ev 80 Young People and Learners, Croydon Council, member of ADCS, London Councils and Association of Directors of Children’s Services Rt Hon Harriet Harman MP, Leader of the House, and Mr Alan Campbell MP, Ev 85 Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Crime Reduction, Home Office List of written evidence Page 1 Anti-Slavery International Ev 95, 149, 271 2 Dr Tomoya Obokata Ev 99 3 ECPAT UK Ev 103, 247, 260 4 Unicef Ev 108, 248 5 NSPCC Ev 111, 244, 247 6 Kalayaan Ev 117, 120, 253 7 Public and Commercial Services Union Ev 124 8 British Red Cross Ev 126 9 Immigration Law Practitioners’ Association (ILPA) Ev 128, 264 10 CARE Ev 134 11 Salvation Army Ev 136, 263 12 Save the Children Ev 141 13 Local Government Association Ev 148 14 STOP THE TRAFFIK Ev 150, 250 15 POPPY Project Ev 152, 256 16 The Children’s Society Ev 159 17 Church of Scotland Guild Ev 161 18 ADCS/ADASS Asylum Task Force Ev 163 19 The Trafficking Law and Policy Forum Ev 166 20 Anti-Trafficking Legal Project Ev 171, 180 21 Amnesty International UK Ev 184 22 Home Office Ev 191 23 Refugee Council Ev 203 24 Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre Ev 208 25 Gangmasters Licensing Authority Ev 213, 274 26 Embassy of the Republic of Moldova Ev 219 27 Embassy of Romania Ev 224 28 Embassy of the Slovak Republic Ev 225 29 Embassy of the Republic of Hungary Ev 227 30 United Kingdom Human Trafficking Centre Ev 230 31 Europol Ev 231 32 International Union of Sex Workers Ev 231 33 Union of Construction, Allied Trades and Technicians Ev 239 34 Paladin Ev 241 35 Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOP) Ev 242 36 Chief Constable Grahame Maxwell QPM, North Yorkshire Police Ev 248 37 Glasgow Community and Safety Services Ev 275 Processed: 12-05-2009 01:08:06 Page Layout: COENEW [SO] PPSysB Job: 402670 Unit: PAG1 Home Affairs Committee: Evidence Ev 1 Oral evidence Taken before the Home Affairs Committee on Tuesday 5 February 2008 Members present Keith Vaz, in the Chair Ms Karen Buck Gwyn Prosser Mr James Clappison Bob Russell Mrs Ann Cryer Martin Salter David T C Davies Mr Gary Streeter Mrs Janet Dean Mr David Winnick Patrick Mercer Witness: Ms Klara Skrivankova, Anti-Slavery International, gave evidence. Q1 Chairman: Can I formally begin our new inquiry Ms Skrivankova: There are some minimum into human traYcking and welcome Klara estimates and they are very conservative estimates Skrivankova from the UK Human TraYcking from the government. You will be aware of the Centre Prevention sub-Group. Thank you for giving number of 4,000 women that are traYcked at any evidence on this very first session of the Select given time into the UK, which is the government Committee. We have obviously read a lot about estimate and is a very conservative estimate. human traYcking but one of the problems we have is to try and find out the sheer scale of it, the numbers Q3 Chairman: When you say “at any given time” at involved both in terms of people coming here as the moment you estimate—and we know that these forced labour and also within the sex industry as a are going to be estimates—you estimate that it is whole. Are we getting any clearer picture as to the about 4,000? numbers of people involved in human traYcking? Ms Skrivankova: That is the government estimate Ms Skrivankova: The truth is, as you have already and that is only on women traYcked for sexual mentioned, nobody really knows the whole extent of exploitation. So what is important to point out is traYcking, and there are several reasons why this is that this number does not include people who are happening. One of the reasons of course is that traYcked for labour exploitation. traYcking happens underground and is an illicit crime, and the information that we have is only from Q4 Chairman: Do you have a rough figure as to how those that come forward or from those cases that many those are? come to the attention of the authorities or of the Ms Skrivankova: The only number on people who NGOs. We suspect that it is not more than 10 to 15% are traYcked for labour exploitation that we of the cases of the whole scale, so that is quite a low currently have comes from the statistics of an number. What is important to mention is that the organisation called Kalyaan, and they provide problem is connected to the lack of identification. assistance to migrant domestics that were in forced There are very few people who are actually identified labour or were traYcked. According to their data as being traYcked and Anti-Slavery International, they have recorded within a year that over 300 the organisation I come from, has carried out a people were traYcked in London—only in research recently into traYcking for forced labour London—for the purposes of domestic work. So and in the course of the research, which was focusing that is quite a high number over a short period of on the qualitative side, we have managed to discover time. over two dozen cases of people who were traYcked for forced labour in the UK. However, none of these Q5 Chairman: So roughly 300 for domestic workers cases were identified as a case of traYcking by the and roughly 4,000—and you are saying it is a agencies that initially recorded them, and that is conservative estimate— quite a significant issue. Already from the anecdotal Ms Skrivankova: That is a very conservative evidence that we have and that some other estimate.