Concrete Region-Specifi c Initiatives Activities and Initiatives 43 (0.1%) 6 (0.3%) (0.6%) (0.0%) 3 (0.3%) 31 65 36 (2) Addressing (7.3%) 2 11,436 Suriname 830 the Caribbean Barbados (Unit: millions of yen) JICA Annual Report 2014 JICA Total: Saint Lucia Dominica Central America and (0.4%) (0.1%) 51 (16.5%) Antigua and Barbuda 6 (0.2%) (0.1%) (0.1%) 1,889 26 Guyana Dominican Republic 13 12 Haiti (1.4%) Grenada 163 Trinidad and Tobago Jamaica (2.8%) Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Jamaica, Mexico, Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Saint Vincent, Surinam, and Nicaragua, Panama, Saint Christopher and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago. loses its competitiveness due to rising wages and other reasons. frequent hurricanes and other natural disasters. In order to overcome these common issues and achieve initiatives are regional development, regional cooperation American Integrationintensifying via organizations like the Central Caribbean Community (CARICOM). Along (SICA) and the System cooperation, with these trends of region-wide and intra-regional international with partnership in work to continuing is JICA Development Bank organizations such as the Inter-American respond effectively to (IDB) and other bilateral donors, in order to along with assisting common development issues in the region, in solving regional and global-scale issues. The year 2014 is the 20th anniversary of the commencement 1. Dominican Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, 2. a country that has overcome poverty and reached the middle-income level A situation where 326 Saint Christopher and Nevis (6.9%) St. Vincent and the Grenadines Cuba 794 (1.1%) 124 (17.7%) Panama Belize countries share many aspects such as language and culture, they also have aspects such as language and culture, countries share many 2,024 1 Costa Rica (11.9%) (7.5%) (7.6%) 861 871 Improvement of the Economic Infrastructure, Response to Global Issues and Response to Global Issues Improvement Infrastructure, of the Economic Mitigation of Socio-Economic Disparities 1,357 (9.3%) (7.8%) Honduras 888 1,060 Nicaragua El Salvador

Mexico

Key Aid Guatemala Strategies Region-Specifi c Activities and Initiatives and c Activities Region-Specifi JICA Programs in Central America and the Caribbean (Fiscal 2013) diverse needs according to each country’s size and different socio-economic situations. to each country’s size and different diverse needs according and intraregional cooperation as well as the trend that regional the unique context of each country Taking into consideration of the region based on JICA supports sustainable development region-wide development issues, initiatives are overcoming trap; in order to pull out of the middle-income (1) Development of economic infrastructure three priority areas: global issues; and (3) Disparity reduction from the perspective of human security. Disparity reduction from the perspective global issues; and (3) The fi gures show the total value of JICA programs in each country including Technical Cooperation (Training Participants, gures show the total value of JICA programs in each country including Technical Cooperation (Training The fi Experts, Study Teams, Provision of Equipment, JOCV and Other volunteers, and Other costs), Loan Aid (Disbursements), scal 2013. and Grant Aid (Newly concluded G/A agreements) in fi Note: Figures in parentheses denote the percentage share of overall JICA programs in the region. Note: Figures exclude JICA’s cooperation for multiple countries and/or multiple regions and international organizations. affected by the The Central America region was seriously icts that continued for over 10 years since the late armed confl icts and the progress of peace 1970s. With the end of the confl to take root in the negotiations in the 1990s, democracy began are achieving region. Today, most Central American countries is also maintainingstable economic growth. The Caribbean region mainly by the a certain degree of economic growth supported residing in the tourism industry and remittances from migrants United States. On the other hand, many countries have vulnerable economic exports and overseasstructures highly reliant on primary product have faced an remittances. In recent years, some countries nancial fi uncertain economic situation due to the international Petrocaribe, of system support unstable the and Europe in crunch Venezuela. Central an energy cooperative organization led by problems, such as America and also the Caribbean face many America and the Caribbean While the Central Promoting Effective Cooperation Development Central America the and Caribbean Concrete Initiatives _ Region-Specific Activities and Initiatives Latin America and the Caribbean

of the Japan-CARICOM Consultation, and also marks the 50th to rapid urbanization. For contributing to the development of anniversary of diplomatic relations between Japan and Jamaica economic infrastructure’s tangible and intangible aspects, JICA is and Trinidad and Tobago. To commemorate this anniversary, promoting enhancing infrastructure construction and productivity the Government of Japan has designated 2014 as the Japan- enhancement. This effort also gives consideration to the Win-Win CARICOM Friendship Year. JICA focuses on “Disaster Risk relationship between the Japanese economy and the partner Management and Environmental Conservation” and “Fisheries” nations through creating business opportunities. as the priority areas, and will promote surveys and projects In Panama, JICA makes contributions to reducing urban traffic necessary for facilitating interaction between Japan and congestion and developing measures for climate change focusing Caribbean countries. on tackling air pollution, as well as conducting a feasibility The year 2013 marked the 10th anniversary of the study on bridge construction. Furthermore, a memorandum of commencement of the Japan-Mexico Partnership Programme understanding on Technical Cooperation for sewage disposal (JMPP), which has been providing support to countries in the was signed between JICA and the Panamanian government. This region by both the Mexican and Japanese governments. To project will be implemented with the cooperation of Yokohama celebrate this event, a commemoration ceremony and symposium City, which has excellent sewage control and operational were held in Mexico in February 2014. The ceremony had in technologies. Through the introduction of Japan’s public and attendance many people from Brazil and Chile, where partnership private technologies, this project is expected to play a pivotal role programmes have been carried out with JICA similar to those in in allowing the Japanese private sector to seek participation in Mexico, as well as from international organizations supporting the water business in Panama. South-South cooperation. Outcomes and lessons learned from the In recent years, there has been increasing need for advanced Triangular cooperation and the South-South cooperation projects technologies in Cuba, where foreign investment has been were shared among participants. Working together with partner encouraged. Thus, JICA is promoting public-private cooperation countries, JICA will continue to support effective implementation in the health sector, providing medical equipment with Japan’s of Triangular cooperation. advanced technologies. In conjunction with inviting Cuban Moreover, JICA is also promoting Triangular cooperation in officials to Japan in November 2013, JICA hosted the Cuba collaboration with emerging countries such as Mexico, under the Public-Private Partnership Seminar for Japanese companies JMPP. and organizations interested in opening businesses in Cuba, to share information on Cuba’s investment environment, the health care situation, and other matters. The Cuban officials met people Priority Issues and Activities involved in medical equipment in Japan and exchanged opinions. They gained a further understanding of Japan’s medical system, Improvement of Economic Infrastructure in order to overseas deployment strategy for technologies and services, and Pull Out of the Middle-Income Trap the latest medical technologies. In the Central America region, economic growth has been hampered by civil wars, sluggish development of socioeconomic Gas exhalation test in Guanacaste province, Costa Rica. Utilization infrastructure due to natural disasters, and delayed response of Japan’s geothermal technology is expected.

Case Study Central America and the Caribbean Regions: Co-financing for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (CORE) Scheme Promotion of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Cooperation with the Inter-American Development Bank Not only do the Central American and Caribbean regions heavily depend on fossil fuels, fuel geothermal power plants will be constructed. imports have also squeezed the international trade balance of many countries in the regions. In addition, the 3rd IDB cooperation training Hence, in cooperation with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), JICA is promoting program on energy conservation was held in projects for renewable energy and energy efficiency in the regions. 2013. Along with developing human resources, JICA is also engaged in sharing information on Increase in the Target Amount and agreement of the National Program of Japan’s energy conservation technologies with Expansion of Target Areas Sustainable Electrification and Renewable personnel involved in policy-making and project In January 2011, a memorandum was Energy was signed between JICA and the management in other countries. signed between JICA and the Inter-American Nicaraguan government in October 2013. In March 2014, JICA signed a memorandum Development Bank (IDB) to realize the This project promotes rural electrification by to raise the target amount of CORE to $1 billion. enhancement of comprehensive cooperation, small-scale hydroelectric generation, as well The target area was also expanded to include such as promotion of cofinancing and joint as the introduction of sodium-vapor lamps and the Caribbean Development Bank, eastern research in the fields of renewable energy light-emitting diodes (LED) to street lamps. Caribbean countries, and most middle-income and energy conservation. In March 2012, In November, the Cooperation Agreement countries. Along with utilizing CORE, JICA will both parties also agreed to the framework for for Guanacaste Geothermal Sector Loan was continue to make efforts at solving issues in implementing the Cofinancing for Renewable also concluded among JICA, the Costa Rican the fields of climate change and energy in Energy and Energy Efficiency (CORE1). government, and the Costa Rican Institute of association with the IDB. As the first CORE project, the ODA Loan Electricity (ICE). Under this agreement, several 1. CO-financing for Renewable energy and Energy efficiency

44 JICA Annual Report 2014 Concrete Region-Specific Initiatives Activities and Initiatives 45 JICA Annual Report 2014 JICA Trainees from the five countries who ac- Diagnostic Technology for the Central American and Caribbean Regions” started inviting par- ticipants from five Central American countries: Salvador, Guatemala, Panama, El Honduras, and Nicaragua. Physicians and radiological technologists of CEMADOJA served as instruc- tors to teach diagnostic techniques using MRI, CT, and other techniques. quired practical skills in the Dominican Republic are contributing to their countries by taking advantage of what they learned from the pro- residentthe Guatemala, in example, For grams. training program of CEMADOJA has been adopted in the internal education and research curriculum. CEMADOJA is making contributions to improving the quality of health care services in the Central American and Caribbean regions. Diagnostic imaging JICA is conducting the Technical Cooperation Project for Technical Cooperation Project for JICA is conducting the the country is in Four years after the earthquake in Haiti, still a large number of people living in poverty, with no access to in poverty, with no number of people living still a large drinking services, and safe health and medical basic education, region, development in this aims to achieve inclusive water. JICA through capacity development is a serious issue, where inequality and residents. of the government, communities, in three western prefectures with Maternal and Child Health This project aims at providing in Guatemala. ratios poverty high services to women and infants in health high-quality health care also engaged in strengthening the referral care facilities. JICA is centers and hospitals, as well as providingsystem between health a database has assistant nurses. In addition, training programs for and manage personal information on been established to collect and data on their nutritional intake during mothers and children the causes of and after pregnancy. The database helps analyze database, JICA will enrich trainingneonatal mortality. Utilizing the women and programs for nutritional improvement of pregnant enhance enlightenment activities in communities. development. JICAtransition from post-disaster recovery toward with assistance is assisting this shift by providing the country example, For services. care health basic of improvement the for supply system in JICA is assisting the restoration of the water in Jacmel, bothLeogane and also the rehabilitation of the Hospital JICA is also jointly cities that were affected by the earthquake. to reinforce choleraworking with the UN Children’s Fund in order in programs training country third holding as well as prevention, human resources for Morocco with the objective of developing these projects, JICA maternal and child health care. Through services of Haiti, aims to improve and reinforce the health care in the Central which presently has the lowest health indicators American and Caribbean region. . - Concrete Initiatives _ Region-Specific Activities and Initiatives Latin and Initiatives Activities _ Region-Specific Initiatives Concrete America and the Caribbean From 2005, the third country training From 2005, the third country training Cooperation “Medical Education and Training Cooperation “Medical Education and Training Project in Dominican Republic” was also im- plemented for technology transfer in the field of as well as health, public and imaging diagnostic enhancement of the management capability of the center. Clinically oriented training programs utilizing advanced diagnostic imaging equip- ment were provided to residents in radiology and radiological technologists in the country. As a result of these efforts, CEMADOJA has received high acclaim as a training institution. program titled “Training for Improving Image - see the Case Study on page 44] see the Case Study on page [ The Dominican Republic: Long-term Cooperation through the Dominican-Japanese Friendship Center for Medical Education For many years, JICA has carried out medical education support in the Dominican Republic. With regard to the health index of the With regard to the health index of the In 1999, the Dominican-Japanese Friendship Case Study Successful outcomes have been extended to five Central American countries through JICA’s third country training program. This effort has contributed to improving the health care services in these countries. Although countries in Central America and the Caribbean haveAlthough countries in Central America and the Through the JICA-IDB co-financing scheme, JICA is actively Through the JICA-IDB mortal infant the 1995, in Republic Dominican ity rate was 37 per 1,000 births; the under-five mortality rate was 45 per 1,000 births, and the maternal mortality rate was 110 per 100,000 women. The result is the third-lowest among the Central American and Caribbean countries, behind only Guatemala and Nicaragua. was (CEMADOJA) Education Medical for Center constructed by Grant Aid and the Technical Training Program Emphasizing Clinical Practice Extending the Success of Medical Education Support to Five Central American Countries For example, in El Salvador, JICA will develop natural natural develop will JICA Salvador, El in example, For the Technical In the field of environmental protection, Assistance for Mitigation of Socioeconomic Assistance for Mitigation of Socioeconomic Security Disparities from the Perspective of Human Climate Change Countermeasures: Renewable Countermeasures: Climate Change and Improvement, Protection Energy, Environmental and Disaster Prevention   attained a certain degree of economic development, there are assis provides JICA change. climate address to measures taking tance for the development of renewable energy and introduction of renewable energy and introduction tance for the development methods of energy conservation Addressing Global Issues Addressing JICA also assists in climate change adaptation measures, such change adaptation measures, such JICA also assists in climate of disaster prevention capabilities. as the strengthening by applying the natural disaster disaster–resistant infrastructure for public infrastructure that has been risk diagnosis method This will be accumulated through past technical assistance. “San Miguel Bypass carried out under the Japanese ODA Loan to improvingConstruction Project.” JICA is preparing to contribute Stand-By Emergency disaster response capability by providing a is an ODA Loan of Credit for Urgent Recovery (SECURE), which projectsimmediate financial support necessary for reconstruction after the occurrence of natural disasters. Biodiversity Cooperation Project for Promoting Participatory is project This Rica. Costa in place in also is Conservation Technical conducted in accordance with the implemented of Barra del Cooperation project, Participatory Management the project, JICA is Colorado National Wildlife Refuge Project. In of outcomesworking on systematic categorization and verification with Rica Costa in efforts the share to order in experiences and other Central American countries.