International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 16 2018, 3089-3096 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

IOT BASED EARTHQUAKE DETECTION BY THINGSPEAK 1 N N VENKATESH GUPTA2 Mr. S. RINESH, 1 UG Scholar, 2 Assistant Professor, 1,2 Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India 1 venkatesh.gupta17@gmailcom, [email protected].

Abstract- Earthquake early-warning systems detect the first quivering of a major quake, triggering alarm systems in advance of the most violent shaking. The Alert system that has been proposed for all over the world would use a network of digital seismometers deployed around the state to give populated areas up to a minute of advance warning (depending on the location of the epicentre). The alerts would allow businesses, residents and public agencies time to get ready. The purpose of the study focuses on the sensor data to decide if an earthquake is occurring. Finally experimental results are provided showing that the system will support the expected performance with the sensor data. A possible extension of the approach could be implementing one wireless sensor networks using thinkspeak for data acquisition.

Keywords: THINGSPEAK, BOLT-IoT Platform, sensor, ,rectifier.

INTRODUCTION

When a natural disaster, such as a big individual sensing SPs capabilities. Although an earthquake, happens, we should first grasp the range and earthquake is totally unpredictable, this research presents sinuousness of the damaged areas for supporting the a real-time and economic countermeasure to this natural rescue activities. For collecting the information around hazard. Through opportunistic applications and online the damaged areas widely and rapidly, the aerial images services into SPs is possible to monitor a whole area, are useful. In our previous study [l], we have proposed learn their physical characteristics, and most important, the method of detecting the damaged areas before the detect seismic movements to raise early warnings in earthquake and after the earthquake. In the method, two order to provide extra time for making better decisions. images are registered manually, and hence, it is Just to mention, the seismic activity is increasing, and troublesome for detecting the damaged areas taken by consequently the risk that it occurs also is of interest; so various locations. In many methods of detecting the that in April 2014 there was a world record number of damaged areas are not automatically registered. In this large earthquakes greater than 6.5. paper, we propose a new method of automatic detection of the damaged areas. The damaged areas are detected METHODOLOGY automatically and displayed graphically on thinkspeak webpage by our proposed method. The combining of the EXISTING SYSTEM sensors accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, etc. and the different connectivity options allows to have well- As soon as an earthquake is detected, the equipped IoT devices on our hands and, through these, microcontroller activates a relay that cuts off electricity automatically monitor our movements, locations, and supply. It also sends pulses to a servo motor attached to workouts throughout the day; and beyond that, it can be the gas valve which rotates in order to turn a gas valve the key to the solution of problems in other areas as off, cutting off gas supply. If there is no earthquake event transportation ,medicine , weather , social , or the but a gas leak is detected, then the microcontroller seismology, that is the field our research focuses; and platform simply turns off the gas supply[2]. The system involve us in the new topic of smart cities[1] . While it is also activates a set of emergency alphanumeric displays true that the quality of Micro-Electro-Mechanical that read “E X I T” once an earthquake is triggered to Systems (MEMS) sensors, as well as the ones embedded mark the evacuation route for the user. The alarm into SPs, is lower than specific seismic devices, it is also circuitry consists of a DC buzzer and an LED to warn the important to consider that with the data collection from a user of a possible earthquake event through the use of large number of SPs, known as mobile crowd-sensing, it light and sound. is possible to obtain a huge low cost network that uses

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DISADVANTAGES SYSTEM DESCRIPTION  Low efficient MICROCONTROLLER  Not reliable  Low communication It gets information from sensor and process on it. It  Low coverage area compares the received data with the threshold level set  More manual work and accordingly output is generated. The LPC131/32/34//38 are based on a

16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with concurrent emulation and entrenched outline holdup, that unite the PROPOSED SYSTEM microcontroller with 32KB, 64KB, 128KB, 256KB and 512KB of entrenched. Quick detection and notification of

earthquake could minimize injuries, fatalities or prevent THIGSPEAK WEBPAGE a disaster. An accelerometer for earthquake detection requires both high sensitivity and a wide measurable Thing Speak is an open source “” range, although high frequency response is not required. application and API to store and retrieve data from Micro-accelerometers based on various principles have things using HTTP over the Internet or via a Local Area been developed. With a conventional accelerometer, Network. With ThingSpeak, you can create sensor logging applications, location tracking applications, and there is a trade-off between the measurable range and the a social network of things with status updates. sensitivity, although a servo-mechanism [4] has been https://github.com/iobridge/ThingSpeak This repository introduced to widen the measurable range without is contains Python module that helps in talking to lowering the sensitivity. The trade-off relation is ThingSpeak API. attributed to the fact that the displacement sensor used in accelerometers does not satisfy the requirements for both MEMS SENSOR: high sensitivity and wide range. We have noticed that Micro electromechanical systems (MEMS), also MEMS sensor detects the shaking whenever earthquake written as micro-electro mechanical , Micro Electro Mechanical or microelectronic an micro electro happens and the data‟s will be updated on thinkspeak. mechanical systems and the related micromechatronics) The sensor has no limit to its measuring range, it has a is the technology of microscopic devices, particularly high accuracy of 20 nm. This is because the measuring those with moving parts. It merges at the nano-scale range fundamentally depends only on the length of the into nano electromechanical systems (NEMS) scale, which has no actual limitation, and can be and nanotechnology[3]. MEMS are also referred to determined independently of the sensitivity. as micromachines in Japan, or micro systems ADVANTAGES technology (MST) in Europe.

 High reliability  More efficiency

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

POWER SUPPLY

TRANSFORMER UNIT 4.1MODULE DESCRIPTION MICRO-

CONTROLLER THINKSPEA POWER SUPPLY: RECTIFIER K WEBPAGE UNIT (NODE If you are considering making your own power

MCU) supply then three components are needed: · Transformer

· Bridge rectifier · Smoothing capacitor. The

MEMS transformer‟s current rating a least 2/3rd „s of the stepper SENSOR drive boards capability, so for example: The Rout Out

CNC stepper drivers have a 2.5A limit therefore (2.5 / 3)

X 2 = 1.66A If you had for example 3 boards (X,Y,Z)

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then this would be 1.66 X 3 = 4.98 A Total Current. The supply, to several DC voltages. Switch-mode supplies DC output voltage of the supply will be 1.4 times the replaced linear supplies due to cost, weight, and size transformer‟s ac voltage when rectified. For example: An improvement. The diverse collection of output voltages 18 VAC secondary will provide about 25 VDC at the also has widely varying current draw requirements. output of the smoothed supply. The bridge rectifier‟s Electric Vehicle power supply voltage and current ratings must exceed what the supply will deliver. Finally the minimum filter capacitor size Vehicle is those which rely on energy created must be calculated. through electricity generation. A power supply unit is part of the necessary design to convert high voltage vehicle battery power. Welding power supply Uses electricity to melt the surfaces of the metals in order to join them together through coalescence. The electricity is provided by a welding power supply, and can either be AC or DC. Arc welding typically requires high currents typically between 100 and 350 amperes. Some types of welding can use as few as 10 amperes, while some applications of spot welding employ currents as high as 60,000 amperes for an extremely short time. Older welding power supplies consisted of transformers or engines driving generators. More recent supplies use semiconductors and microprocessors reducing their size WORKING: and weight. Aircraft power supply This article describes in (hopefully) straightforward terms the operation of a basic power supply unit of the Both commercial and military avionic systems type used with telecommunications equipment require either a DC-DC or AC/DC power supply to (switchboards, house exchange systems, plan sets convert energy into usable voltage. etc).The term power supply is more commonly MICROCONTROLLER: abbreviated to PSU; this will be used from here on in. Telecommunications equipment is designed to operate It gets information from sensor and process on it. on voltages lower than the domestic Mains voltage. In It compares the received data with the threshold level set order to reduce this voltage a PSU is used. and accordingly output is generated. The LPC131/32/34//38 microcontrollers are based on a To provide a useable low voltage the PSU needs to do a 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with concurrent number of things:- emulation and entrenched outline holdup, that unite the microcontroller with 32KB, 64KB, 128KB, 256KB and  Reduce the Mains AC (Alternating current) 512KB of entrenched[4]. voltage to a lower level.  Convert this lower voltage from AC to DC NODE MCU Internet of Things (IoT) is an ecosystem of (Direct current) connected physical objects that are accessible through  Regulate the DC output to compensate for the internet. Internet of Things can connect devices varying load (current demand) embedded in various systems to the internet. When  Provide protection against excessive devices/objects can represent themselves digitally, they input/output voltages. can be controlled from anywhere[4]. The connectivity then helps us capture more data from more places, APPLICATION: ensuring more ways of increasing efficiency and improving safety. Computer power supply

The popular because of its size and the number A modern computer power supply is a switch-mode of pins brought to the side of the board. Recently, more power supply that converts AC power from the mains

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development boardS have become available with no peripheral RF parts. There is an approximately additional sensors, relays, LEDs and voltage regulators immeasurable spray of in sequence accessible for the on the board. ESP8266, all of which has been provided by amazing The ESP8266 runs on anything from 2.8 to 3.5 volts, so a community support. couple of AA batteries will work. Most of us use a 3.3 volt regulated power source[5]. Maximum current draw 4.2 ALGORITHM FOR PROPOSED WORK is 300 mA, so use a supply that can supply 500 mA to be THIGSPEAK WEBPAGE: safe. More is better. A weak or poor quality supply will cause the board to reset unexpectedly and make Thing Speak is an open source “Internet of debugging difficult. The NodeMCU Development Things” application and API to store and retrieve data Board has a USB to 3.3V power supply on the board. from things using HTTP over the Internet or via a Local Area Network. With ThingSpeak, you can create sensor logging applications, location tracking applications, and a social network of things with status updates. https://github.com/iobridge/ThingSpeak This repository is contains Python module that helps in talking to ThingSpeak API.

Things are either sensors or actuators. A sensor is

something that tells us about our environment. Think of a temperature sensor, or even the GPS receiver on your Power. mobile phone. Actuators are something that you want to control, things like thermostats, lights, pumps, and  +3.3 volts to Vcc outlets. The “Internet of Things” brings everything  Ground together and allows us to interact with our things. For

example, you could have your thermostat control itself Communications. based on where you‟re located. ThingSpeak is an  TxD on the board to RxD on the adapter application platform for the Internet of Things.  RxD on the board to TxD on the adapter ThingSpeak allows you to build an application around  Ground data collected by sensors. Features of ThingSpeak Jumpers. include: real-time data collection, data processing,  Connect Vcc to CH_PD to enable the chip visualizations, apps, and plugins.  Connect GPI0 to GND to enable flash reprogramming At the heart of ThingSpeak is a ThingSpeak Channel. A channel is where you send your data to be The ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self contained stored. Each channel includes 8 fields for any type of SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give data, 3 location fields, and 1 status field. Once you have any microcontroller access to your WiFi network. The a ThingSpeak Channel you can publish data to the ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or channel, have ThingSpeak process the data, and then offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from another have your application retrieve the data.Here is a live application processor. demo of a light sensor publishing data to ThingSpeak in real-time. This unit is authoritative enough onboard processing and storage capability that allows it to be MEMS SENSOR: integrated with the sensors and other application explicit devices through its GPIOs with minimal development Micro electromechanical systems (MEMS), also upfront and minimal loading during runtime[6]. Its high written as micro-electro- degree of on-chip integration allows for minimal external mechanical, MicroElectroMechanical or microelectronic circuitry, including the frontend module, is designed to an microelectromechanical systems and the occupy minimal PCB area. The ESP8266 provisions related micromechatronics) is the technology of APSD for VoIP claims and Bluetooth co-existence microscopic devices, particularly those with moving confines, it comprises a self-calibrated RF leasing it to parts. It merges at the nano-scale vocation beneath all operational conditions, and involves into nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS)

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and nanotechnology. MEMS are also referred to as micromachines in Japan, or micro systems technology (MST) in Europe[6]. MEMS are made up of components between 1 and 100 micrometres in size (i.e., 0.001 to 0.1 mm), and MEMS devices generally range in size from 20 micrometres to a millimetre (i.e., 0.02 to 1.0 mm), although components arranged in arrays (e.g., digital micro mirror devices) can be more than 1000 mm2. They usually consist of a central unit that processes data (the microprocessor) and several components that interact with the surroundings such as micro sensors.[1] Because of the large surface area to volume ratio of MEMS, NODE MCU forces produced by ambient electromagnetism (e.g., electrostatic charges and magnetic moments), and fluid NodeMCU is an open source IoT platform. It dynamics (e.g., surface tension and viscosity) are more includes firmware which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi important design considerations than with larger scale SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware which is mechanical devices. MEMS technology is distinguished based on the ESP-12 module[8].The term "NodeMCU" from molecular nanotechnology or molecular by default refers to the firmware rather than the dev kits. electronic in that the latter must also consider surface The firmware uses the Lua scripting language. It is based chemistry. on the eLua project, and built on the Espressif Non-OS SDK for ESP8266. It uses many open source projects, The potential of very small machines was such as lua-cjson and spiffs. This is an introductory appreciated before the technology existed that could article for those who already know the platform make them (see, for example, Richard Feynman's famous and are starting the programming the ESP8266 module 1959 lecture There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom). through the NodeMCU platform or any other MEMS became practical once they could be fabricated microcontroller of the same category. using modified semiconductor device

fabrication technologies, normally used to The ESP8266 Module:- make electronics[7].

These include moulding and plating, wet The ESP8266 module is a IoT device consisting etching (KOH, TMAH) and dry etching (RIE and of a 32-bit ARM microprocessor with support of WIFI DRIE), electro discharge machining (EDM), and other network and built-in flash memory. This architecture technologies capable of manufacturing small devices. An allows it to be programmed independently, without the early example of a MEMS device is the resonistor, an need of other microcontrollers like the Arduino, for electromechanical monolithic resonator patented by example. The problem is that, to create a development Raymond J. Wilfinger, [3][4] and the resonant gate environment focused in the ESP8266, we need to build a transistor developed by Harvey C. Nathanson[5] circuit with other integrated components to facilitate the work. Micro-electro-mechanical systems n miniaturized That's why several projects arose of boards that mechanical and electro-mechanical elements n having incorporate the ESP8266, from which we highlight the some sort of mechanical functionality n convert a following: measured mechanical signal into an electrical signal

Fundamentals of MEMS Devices n Silicon q Already in  NodeLHC use q Manipulatable conductivity q Allows for integration n Thin-Film Materials q Silicon dioxide q  ESP201 Silicon nitride  Wemos D1  Adafruit HUZZAH ESP8266  NodeMCU

In this article, we will use the NodeMCU board as an example, but the design can be easily adapted to any other ESP8266 platform. The NodeMCU Platform

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NodeMCU is a complete environment of hardware and time architecture and an efficient communication software for IoT prototyping consisting of the following between actors becomes a requirement. items: REFERENCES  Controller board consisting of a ESP8266 module [1] T. Al-Hussaini, I. Nawrin Chowdhury and M. N. A.  Micro USB Port to power (5 volts) and Noman, "SeismicHazard Assessment for Bangladesh - programming Old and New Perspectives", inFirst International  10 digital inputs GPIOs operating at 3.3V and an analog input GPIO to 1.8 V Conference on Advances in Civil Infrastructure  Development kit based on the Lua language andConstruction Materials, Military Institute of Science

& Technology,Dhaka, 2015.

Advantages [2] Md Hossain Ali. "Earthquake Database and Seismic  Low cost Zoning of Bangladesh." INCEDE Report 11, 1998: 59-  Integrated support for WIFI network 73.  Reduced size of the board  Low energy consumption [3] "Today's Earthquakes in Bangladesh > 4.0M", Earthquaketrack.com,2016. [Online]. Available: Disadvantages http://earthquaketrack.com/p/bangladesh/recent?mag_filt  Need to learn a new language and IDE er=4. [Accessed: 24- Jun- 2016].  Reduced pinout [4] Mohammad Sayeed Hossain, “Estimate of Damage  Scarce documentation of Burried GasPipelines in Dhaka City Due to an

Earthquake” MSc. Thesis, Dept. of Civil Eng., The NodeMCU programming can be as easy as in Bangladesh University of Engineering & Arduino. The main difference is in the pinning of the Technology,Dhaka, 2013. board, described below: [5] R. A. Pelliccia, “Vibration sensor and electrical CONCLUSION power shut off device”,US4390922 A, 1983.

The designed system was a just a proof of qualitative [6] A. Y. Flig, Paul Regan, “Earthquake utilities cut-off concept and was not tested on a large scale during actual control system”,US4841287 A, 1989. earthquakes. The prototype did manage to detect [7] Swapnil Sayan Saha, Shekh Md. Mahmudul Islam, simulated earthquake-like tremors with magnitudes of “Microcontroller Based Automated Domestic Security 4.0.Several improvements may be brought to this System for Bangladesh Perspective”, in Student system.A 3 axis accelerometer can replace the FSR for Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision, detection in all planes independent of frequency.2D University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 2016. Multi-gas mapping techniques with cascading module system over a can be used to [8] V. Ramya, and B. Palaniappan. "Embedded system monitor the gas leaks at multiple points. 3. Pattern for Hazardous Gas detection and Alerting." International recognition algorithms based on positive decision logic Journal of Distributed and Parallel Systems (IJDPS) Vol may be integrated into this system . Nowadays, 3 (2012): 287-300. smartphone applications can answer questions as what, where, when, and how, about the device‟s surroundings; [9] "MQ-2 Gas Sensor Datasheet", DFRobot, 2016. and consequently, using different network links provide [Online]. Available: information about the smartphone‟s environment, http://www.dfrobot.com/image/data/SEN0127/MQ- community problems or natural risks, as in this case, an 2.pdf. [Accessed: 25- Jun- 2016]. earthquake. It is impossible to know where and when a seismic event can happen, thus it is known that an [10] T. J. Blasing, "Recent greenhouse gas earthquake is unpredictable at the epicentre. So, the best concentrations." (2009). way to mitigate damages in infrastructure, assets and even human lives, is the early detection, where a real-

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[11] Rakesh K. Goel, and Anil K. Chopra. "Period formulas for momentresisting frame buildings." Journal of Structural Engineering 123.11 (1997): 1454-1461.

[12] A. S. M. M. Kamal, and S. Midorikawa. "Geomorphological approach for seismic microzoning within Dhaka city area, Bangladesh." International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment 457 (2006): 1-2.

[13] J. P. Cleveland, et al. "A nondestructive method for determining the spring constant of cantilevers for scanning force microscopy." Review of Scientific Instruments 64.2 (1993): 403-405.

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