DOCSLIB.ORG

Nni National Park Service NAT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nni National Park Service NAT NPS Form 10-9003 (Rav. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior AUG I 4 ?nni National Park Service NAT. RFGISTrRO! -i^Ov;: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NATIONAL PAms Si-.F REGISTRATION FORM 1. Name of Property __________ ___ historic name: Sand Creek Massacre Site other name/site number: 5SW28 2. Location __________ __ street & number: Near the intersection of County Road 54 and County Road W not for publication: N/A city/town: Eads vicinity: X state: Colorado code: CO county: Kiowa code: 061 zip code: 81036 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority tinder the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination _ request for 4etermination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets _does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant X nationally __ statewide _ locally. (See continuation sheet for additional comments.) S.H.P.O. Signature of 6irtifying official/Title (J " $ v (J Date' State Historic Preservation Office, Colorado Historical Society State or Federal agency or bureau In my opinion, the property __ meets does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of commenting or other official Date State or Federal agency and b'iireau _______________ 4. National Park Service Certification I, hereby certify that this property is: Signature of the Keeper Date of Action entered in the National Register ____ see continuation sheet e#-Q[ determined eligible for the National Register ___ see continuation sheet determined not eligible for the National Register ___ see continuation sheet removed from the National Register ____ see continuation sheet other (explain) Sand Creek Massacre Site Kiowa County, CO Name of Property County and State 5. Classification Ownership of Property: Private and public-local (county) Number of Resources within Property Category of Property: Site Contributing Noncontributing Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register: 0 6 building(s) Name of related multiple property listing: N/A 1 2 sites 13 structures 1 objects 1 22 Total 6. Function or Use Historic Functions: Current Function: DOMESTIC/Camp AGRICULTURE/Agricultural Field OTHER/Massacre Site LANDSCAPE/Natural Features DEFENSE/Battle Site DOMESTIC/Single Dwelling DOMESTIC/Secondary Structures AGRICULTURE/Irrigation Facility CULTURE/Marker TRANSPORTATION/Road-related 7. Description Architectural Classification: MATERIALS: N/A N/A Foundation: Walls: Roof: Other: Narrative Description: (See continuation sheets) Sand Creek Massacre Site Kiowa County, CO Name of Property County and State 8. Statement of Significance Areas of Significance: Ethnic Heritage (Native American) Military Applicable National Register Criteria: A & D Archaeology (Historic-Aboriginal^ Criteria Considerations (Exceptions): N/A Period(s) of Significance: 1864 Significant Person(s): N/A Significant Dates: November 29,1864 Cultural Affiliation: Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians Architect/Builder: N/A Narrative Statement of Significance: (See continuation sheets) 9. Major Bibliographic References (See continuation sheets) Previous documentation on file (NPS): Primary Location of Additional Data: •* _ preliminary determination of individual listing _ State Historic Preservation Office (36 CFR 67) has been requested. _ previously listed in the National Register _ Other State agency _ previously determined eligible by the National X Federal agency - National Park Register Service __ designated a National Historic Landmark _ Local government _ recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey _X_Universities - U. of Colorado at #______ Boulder and U. of Oklahoma _ recorded by Historic American Engineering Record _X_Other - Denver Public Library # ______ 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property: 7,680 acres UTM References: Zone Easting Northing 1 13 712040 4274920 2 13 716860 4275040 3 13 716960 4271820 4 13 720330 4268710 (See continuation sheets) Sand Creek Massacre Site_________ ___________Kiowa County, CO Name of Property County and State 11. Form Prepared By _______ ____ name/title: Pamela Holtman, graduate student of history at the University of Colorado at Denver organization: N/A date: March 26, 2001 street & number: 1607 E. Geddes Cir. N. telephone: 303-794-1381 city or town: Centennial state: CO zip code: 80122-1451 Additional Documentation ^_________________ Maps (See the continuation sheets) Photographs (See the continuation sheets) Property Owner(s) (See the continuation sheets) name/title: * street & number: telephone: city or town: state: zip code: NFS Form 10-9003 0MB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Sand Creek Massacre Site Section 7 Page 1___ Kiowa County, Colorado Narrative Description: The majority of the following information is drawn verbatim from documentation prepared by the National Park Service - in consultation with the State of Colorado, the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma, the Northern Cheyenne Tribe, and the Northern Arapaho Tribe — for the Sand Creek Massacre Project, which was mandated by Congress in 1998 through Public Law 105-243. The results of that project are published as Sand Creek Massacre Project, Volume One: Site Location Study and Sand Creek Massacre Project, Volume Two: Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment (Denver: National Park Service, Intermountain Region, 2000).1 The boundary of the Sand Creek Massacre site covers approximately 11.5 sections (7,680 acres) of land in Township 17 South, Ranges 45 and 46 West, Kiowa County, Colorado. This includes all or portions of Sections 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 23, 24, and 25 of Township 17 South, Range 46 West; and Sections 19, 29, 30, 31, and 32 of Township 17 South, Range 45 West. Encircling the site of a running engagement, this boundary extends approximately 5 l/2 miles in length and two miles in width, distances that correspond with first-hand descriptions given by participants in the massacre. Sand Creek, officially known as Big Sandy Creek, is an intermittent stream that meanders with several twists and bends through the center of the area from northwest to southeast. The boundary encompasses all of the key elements of the Sand Creek Massacre, including the Cheyenne and Arapaho village site that was attacked, the sandpits area where most of the fighting and killing took place, the area of Indian flight, and the point from which Colonel John Chivington and his troops launched their attack upon the Indian encampment. The Sand Creek Massacre area has changed very little since November 29, 1864, and has a high degree of integrity. The site lies in eastern Kiowa County within the High Plains section of the Great Plains- Palouse Dry Steppe Province ecoregion. This ecoregion stretches from northeastern Oklahoma north-northwesterly through Montana.2 The site has gently rolling topography ^or more complete information on the historical, archeological, and tribal information that was used to identify the location and extent of the Sand Creek Massacre site, see "Report on the Historical Documentation of the Location and Extent of the Sand Creek Massacre" by Jerome A. Greene, "Identifying the 1864 Sand Creek Massacre Site Through Archeological Reconnaissance" by Douglas D. Scott, and 'The Sand Creek Massacre Site Location Study Oral History Project" by Alexa Roberts in Sand Creek Massacre Project, Volume One: Site Location Study (Denver: National Park Service, Intermountain Region, 2000). 2Robert G. Bailey, Ecoregions of the United States (U.S. Department of Agriculture: Forest Service, 1994). As cited in Sand Creek Massacre Project, Volume Two: Special Resource Study and Environmental Assessment, p. 55. NPS Form 10-9003 0MB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Sand Creek Massacre Site Section 7 Page __2. Kiowa County, Colorado Boundary of the Sand Creek Massacre Site Sand Creek Massacre Special Resource Study US Department of the Interior National Park Service Sand Creek Massacre Site National Register Boundary Scale of Distances p/ «Q no /7-l-UO NPS Form 10-9003 • 0MB No. 1024-0018 (Rav. 10-90) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CONTINUATION SHEET Sand Creek Massacre Site Section 7 Page 3___ Kiowa County, Colorado with elevations of approximately 3,960 feet above sea level (asl) along the creek, and elevations of bluffs to the west more than 4,000 feet asl and rising slopes to the east at more than 4,050 feet asl. The Sand Creek floodplain is terraced, but mostly level to gently sloping and varying from one-quarter to one-half mile in width through the site.3 The massacre site is approximately 180 miles southeast of Denver. The town of Chivington, which is nearly abandoned, is approximately 12 miles south of the massacre site. Eads, the county seat, is approximately 25 miles west-southwest of the massacre site. The area's primary access routes are U.S. Highway 287 and Colorado Highway 96, which intersect at the town of Eads. Highway 287 intersects with Interstate 70 at a point approximately 85 miles northwest of Eads. Highway 287 is also the primary
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Politics and Pandemic in 1918 Kansas City
    POLITICS AND PANDEMIC IN 1918 KANSAS CITY A THESIS IN History Presented to the Faculty of the University of Missouri-Kansas City in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS by SUSAN DEBRA SYKES BERRY M.L.I.S., University of Iowa, 1998 B.S.N., University of Florida, 1989 Kansas City, Missouri 2010 ©2010 SUSAN DEBRA SYKES BERRY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED POLITICS AND PANDEMIC IN 1918 KANSAS CITY Susan Debra Sykes Berry, Candidate for the Master of Arts Degree University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2010 ABSTRACT The 1918-1919 Spanish influenza was the deadliest pandemic in history and citizens of Kansas City died in larger numbers due to politics. Kansas City government was under the control of two powerful political bosses, Democrats Tom Pendergast and Joe Shannon, who had an uneasy agreement to split the cities’ patronage jobs equally between them. This arrangement created a dysfunctional and unwieldy public health response to the pandemic which occurred at the end of 1918. Since the public health response was so inadequate, quasi-governmental institutions tried to step into the vacuum. The Chamber of Commerce, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, and the American Red Cross were much more influential and active in Kansas City than in most cities during the pandemic, and their leadership ensured that Kansas City would not be remembered in history as having the worst response in the country. This abstract of 141 words is approved as to form and content. ___________________________________ Lynda Payne, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of History ii The undersigned, appointed by the Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, have examined a thesis titled “Politics and Pandemic in 1918 Kansas City,” presented by Susan Debra Sykes Berry, candidate for the Master of Arts degree, and hereby certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance.
    [Show full text]
  • PROCEEDINGS of the 120TH NATIONAL CONVENTION of the VETERANS of FOREIGN WARS of the UNITED STATES
    116th Congress, 2d Session House Document 116–165 PROCEEDINGS of the 120TH NATIONAL CONVENTION OF THE VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES (SUMMARY OF MINUTES) Orlando, Florida ::: July 20 – 24, 2019 116th Congress, 2d Session – – – – – – – – – – – – – House Document 116–165 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 120TH NATIONAL CON- VENTION OF THE VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES COMMUNICATION FROM THE ADJUTANT GENERAL, THE VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES TRANSMITTING THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 120TH NATIONAL CONVENTION OF THE VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES, HELD IN ORLANDO, FLORIDA: JULY 20–24, 2019, PURSUANT TO 44 U.S.C. 1332; (PUBLIC LAW 90–620 (AS AMENDED BY PUBLIC LAW 105–225, SEC. 3); (112 STAT. 1498) NOVEMBER 12, 2020.—Referred to the Committee on Veterans’ Affairs and ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 40–535 WASHINGTON : 2020 U.S. CODE, TITLE 44, SECTION 1332 NATIONAL ENCAMPMENTS OF VETERANS’ ORGANIZATIONS; PROCEEDINGS PRINTED ANNUALLY FOR CONGRESS The proceedings of the national encampments of the United Spanish War Veterans, the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, the American Legion, the Military Order of the Purple Heart, the Veterans of World War I of the United States, Incorporated, the Disabled American Veterans, and the AMVETS (American Veterans of World War II), respectively, shall be printed annually, with accompanying illustrations, as separate House documents of the session of the Congress to which they may be submitted. [Approved October 2, 1968.] ii LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI September, 2020 Honorable Nancy Pelosi The Speaker U.
    [Show full text]
  • SPIDER in the RIVER: a COMPARATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY of the IMPACT of the CACHE LA POUDRE WATERSHED on CHEYENNES and EURO- AMERICANS, 1830-1880 John J
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, History, Department of Department of History Spring 4-21-2015 SPIDER IN THE RIVER: A COMPARATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF THE IMPACT OF THE CACHE LA POUDRE WATERSHED ON CHEYENNES AND EURO- AMERICANS, 1830-1880 John J. Buchkoski University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss Part of the Cultural History Commons, and the United States History Commons Buchkoski, John J., "SPIDER IN THE RIVER: A COMPARATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF THE IMPACT OF THE CACHE LA POUDRE WATERSHED ON CHEYENNES AND EURO-AMERICANS, 1830-1880" (2015). Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History. 83. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/historydiss/83 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, & Student Research, Department of History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. SPIDER IN THE RIVER: A COMPARATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF THE IMPACT OF THE CACHE LA POUDRE WATERSHED ON CHEYENNES AND EURO-AMERICANS, 1830-1880 By John J. Buchkoski A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Major: History Under the Supervision of Professor Katrina L. Jagodinsky Lincoln, Nebraska April, 2015 SPIDER IN THE RIVER: A COMPARATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF THE IMPACT OF THE CACHE LA POUDRE WATERSHED ON CHEYENNES AND EURO-AMERICANS, 1830-1880 John Buchkoski, M.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Lonely Sentinel
    Lonely Sentinel Fort Aubrey and the Defense of the Kansas Frontier, 1864-1866 Defending the Fort: Indians attack a U.S. Cavalry post in the 1870s (colour litho), Schreyvogel, Charles (1861-1912) / Private Collection / Peter Newark Military Pictures / Bridgeman Images Darren L. Ivey History 533: Lost Kansas Communities Chapman Center for Rural Studies Kansas State University Dr. M. J. Morgan Fall 2015 This study examines Fort Aubrey, a Civil War-era frontier post in Syracuse Township, Hamilton County, and the men who served there. The findings are based upon government and archival documents, newspaper and magazine articles, personal reminiscences, and numerous survey works written on the subjects of the United States Army and the American frontier. Map of Kansas featuring towns, forts, trails, and landmarks. SOURCE: Kansas Historical Society. Note: This 1939 map was created by George Allen Root and later reproduced by the Kansas Turnpike Authority. The original drawing was compiled by Root and delineated by W. M. Hutchinson using information provided by the Kansas Historical Society. Introduction By the summer of 1864, Americans had been killing each other on an epic scale for three years. As the country tore itself apart in a “great civil war,” momentous battles were being waged at Mansfield, Atlanta, Cold Harbor, and a host of other locations. These killing grounds would become etched in history for their tales of bravery and sacrifice, but, in the West, there were only sporadic clashes between Federal and Confederate forces. Encounters at Valverde in New Mexico Territory, Mine Creek in Linn County, Kansas, and Sabine Pass in Texas were the exception rather than the norm.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Review: Halfbreed: the Remarkable True Story of George Bent - Caught Between the Worlds of the Indian and the White Man
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Great Plains Quarterly Great Plains Studies, Center for 2006 Book Review: Halfbreed: The Remarkable True Story of George Bent - Caught Between the Worlds of the Indian and the White Man Lincoln Faller University of Michigan Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly Part of the Other International and Area Studies Commons Faller, Lincoln, "Book Review: Halfbreed: The Remarkable True Story of George Bent - Caught Between the Worlds of the Indian and the White Man" (2006). Great Plains Quarterly. 144. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly/144 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Great Plains Studies, Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Plains Quarterly by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in GREAT PLAINS QUARTERLY 26:1 (Winter 2006) Copyright © 2006 Center for Great Plains Studies, University of Nebraska–Lincoln. IlClOK REVIEWS )) published until 1968), which Halfbreed seeks no", tLl replace. HaLlas and Masich's research far exceeds anything that the totally deaf and nearly blind Hyde, almost wholly dependent un the good uftices of the Omaha Public Library, was able to accomplish at the turn of the last century. Their list of sources is impressi\'e and worth the careful attention of anyone deeply interested in Halfbreed: The Remarkable True Story of George Bent. in High Plains military history, or in the Bent-Caught Between the \'Vorlds of the Indian histLlry of the Cheyennes. Halaas and Masich and the White Man, By David Fridtjof Halaas also tell a far more exciting and culurful tale.
    [Show full text]
  • Bent's Fort Primary Resource
    1 Bent’s Fort: Trade in Transition How did family relationships influence trade relationships on the southern Colorado plains? What role did Bent’s Fort play in the westward expansion of the United States? What does the story of Bent’s Fort suggest about the relationship between trade and war among American Indians and Colorado settlers? By Jennifer Goodland* Standards and Teaching Strategies by: Corey Carlson, Zach Crandall, and Marcus Lee** Paid for by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Sciences * Jennifer Goodland has a master’s in history from University of Colorado Denver, where she concentrated on history tourism and the American West. She taught history at Metro State in Denver. Goodland runs a history research business called Big Year Colorado. ** Corey Carlson teaches 4th grade at Flatirons Elementary in Boulder, Zach Crandall teaches 8th grade U.S. Society at Southern Hills Middle in Boulder, Marcus Lee teaches and is the chair of the social studies department at George Washington High School in Denver. 2 Contents Standards Addressed Overview Essay Resources Growing the Border 1. The Louisiana Purchase and Missouri Territory 2. Bent and St. Vrain Families 3. Colorado’s Changing Borders 4. Bent’s Fort and the Border 5. Cheyenne Territory Travel and Trade 6. Bent’s Fort Floor Plan 7. Fur Trappers and the Bent, St. Vrain and Company Network 8. Jean-Baptiste Charbonneau 9. Fugitive at Bent’s Fort 10. Mexico Retaliates 11. Battleground: Bent’s Fort 12. Kearny’s March 13. Rebellion in Taos 14. Cut Off 15. Destruction of the Fort 16.
    [Show full text]
  • Indians and Whites: the Sand Creek Massacre
    Lesson Plan Primary Sources Lessons 12 – 13 Native American Experience/Compare & Contrast Primary Source Lesson Plan Indians and Whites: The Sand Creek Massacre Name of Primary Source Colorado Standards • The Sand Creek Massacre: Colonel Chivington’s Account, George Bent’s Account, Lieutenant Joseph • Social Studies Standard 1 History: History develops Cremer’s Account, John Smith’s Acclount. moral understanding, defines identity, and creates and appreciation of how things change while building skills http://www.legendsofamerica.com/NA- in judgment and decision making. History enhances SandCreek.html Additional Source – Legends of the ability to read varied sources and develop the America, Native American Legends, The Sand Creek skills to analyze, interpret, and communicate. Massacre. This can be used to provide background • Grade level expectation: Use a variety of sources to information. distinguish historical fact from fiction. • Reading and Writing 1: Read and understand a variety How primary source ties into text of materials • Reading and Writing 3: Write and speak using • Qualifies: The primary sources include four different conventional grammar, usage, sentence structure, accounts of the Sand Creek Massacre by people punctuation, capitalization, and spelling present that day. Big Idea • Elaborates: Each primary source gives a different perspective of the events that took place at the Sand • Literacy - Compare and Contrast different points of Creek Massacre. Three accounts are told from the view. perspective of the white men who were present at the attack. One is told from the Native American • History - students understand that history is a written perspective. The Legends of American source gives an account often based on conflicting evidence.
    [Show full text]
  • P R O C E E D I N G S of the of the United States
    103rd 11/29/06 9:23 AM Page 1 (Black plate) 109th Congress, 2nd Session.......................................................House Document 109-145 P R O C E E D I N G S OF THE 103rd NATIONAL CONVENTION OF THE VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES [SUMMARY OF MINUTES] Nashville, Tennessee : : : August 24 - August 30, 2002 103rd 11/29/06 9:23 AM Page I (Black plate) 109th Congress, 2nd Session.......................................................House Document 109-145 PROCEEDINGS of the 103rd ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES (SUMMARY OF MINUTES) Nashville, Tennessee August 24-30, 2002 Referred to the Committee on Veterans’Affairs and ordered to be printed. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2006 30-736 U.S. CODE, TITLE 44, SECTION 1332 NATIONAL ENCAMPMENTS OF VETERANS’ ORGANIZATIONS; PROCEEDINGS PRINTED ANNUALLY FOR CONGRESS The proceedings of the national encampments of the United Spanish War Veterans, the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States, the American Legion, the Military Order of the Purple Heart, the Veterans of World War I of the United States, Incorporated, the Disabled American Veterans, and the AMVETS (American Veterans of World War II), respec- tively, shall be printed annually, with accompanying illustrations, as sepa- rate House documents of the session of the Congress to which they may be submitted. [Approved October 2, 1968.] II LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS OF THE UNITED STATES, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI December, 2002 Honorable Dennis Hastert, The Speaker U.S. House of Representatives Washington, D.C. 20515 DEAR MR. SPEAKER: In conformance with the provisions of Public Law No.
    [Show full text]
  • Halfbreed: the Remarkable True Story of George Bent Caught Between the Worlds of the Indian and the White Man
    Civil War Book Review Summer 2004 Article 21 Halfbreed: The Remarkable True Story of George Bent Caught Between the Worlds of the Indian and the White Man Barbara Cloud Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr Recommended Citation Cloud, Barbara (2004) "Halfbreed: The Remarkable True Story of George Bent Caught Between the Worlds of the Indian and the White Man," Civil War Book Review: Vol. 6 : Iss. 3 . Available at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr/vol6/iss3/21 Cloud: Halfbreed: The Remarkable True Story of George Bent Caught Betwee Review Cloud, Barbara Summer 2004 Halaas, David Fridtjof and Masich, Andrew E. Halfbreed: The Remarkable True Story of George Bent û Caught Between the Worlds of the Indian and the White Man. Da Capo Press, $30.00 ISBN 306813203 Culture clash The Cheyenne and Manifest Destiny The lives of people who live in mixed cultures involving Native Americans hold a particular fascination for white Americans, whether they are accounts of white children captured and raised by Native Americans, or of those like George Bent, the "Halfbreed" of this book, the son of a white trader and his wife, the daughter of a Cheyenne chief. George Bent truly walked a fine line between the two worlds. (His wedding photograph is symbolic: He is dressed in white man's clothes, but wears moccasins; his Cheyenne wife, Magpie, is in full Cheyenne dress.) He had a white education and, until the Sand Creek Massacre, tended to follow in the footsteps of his white father. The Massacre, however, changed his view of whites and from then on the Cheyenne were, to Bent, "my people." Like his father he married a Cheyenne woman, and he rode with the Crooked Lances, in their war parties raiding white settlements and wagon trains as they sought revenge for Sand Creek.
    [Show full text]
  • Charge to the Sons 2018 Camp Officers the SOUTHERN CROSS
    The SOUTHERN CROSS Newsletter of the Sterling Price Camp #145 Sons of Confederate Veterans St. Louis, MO May-June, 2018 Charge to the Sons “To you Sons of Confederate Veterans, we will submit the vindication of the cause for which we fought. To your strength will be given the defense of the Confederate soldier’s good name, the guardianship of his history, the emulation of his virtues, the perpetuation of those principles he loved and which made him glorious and which you also cherish. Remember it is your duty to see that the true history of the South is presented to future generations.” General Stephen Dill Lee 2018 Camp Officers Commander – Ray Cobb; First Lt. Commander – Bill Napier; Second Lt Commander – Robert Kennedy; Sgt. at Arms – Zachary Burnett; Adjutant – Chuck Knight; Historian – Gene Dressel; Chaplain – James England; Featured Article With the building of the new National Geospatial- Intelligence Agency (NGA) facility in north St. Louis, it should be noted that the foundations of this agency (and its predecessor agencies) are based in a large part on the work of Matthew Fontaine Maury. Maury, born January 14th, 1806 in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, was an experienced officer in the U.S. Navy assigned to the Depot of Charts and Instruments, which grew into the U.S. Naval Observatory and Hydrographic Office. When Virginia seceded in 1861, Maury resigned his commission in the U.S. Navy and accepted one in the Confederate States. He is credited with perfecting the electric torpedo, which “cost the Union more vessels than all other causes combined." In 1862 Maury was detailed to Europe to obtain ships and supplies for the Confederacy as well as working for the Confederate Secret Service.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Union and the Santa Fe Trail
    New Mexico Historical Review Volume 36 Number 1 Article 3 1-1-1961 Fort Union and the Santa Fe Trail Robert M. Utley Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr Recommended Citation Utley, Robert M.. "Fort Union and the Santa Fe Trail." New Mexico Historical Review 36, 1 (1961). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nmhr/vol36/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in New Mexico Historical Review by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. FORT UNION AND THE SANTA FE TRAIL By ROBERT M. UTLEY * OR over half a century a wide band of wagon ruts joined FNew Mexico, first as a Mexican province, later as Ameri­ can territory, to the Missouri frontier and the States. Be­ tween the American conquest in 1846 and the coming of the railroad in the decade of the seventies, the Santa Fe Trail was a momentous avenue of commerce, transportation, and communication. In Kansas the Trail divided, to enter New Mexico by two routes. The Cimarron Cutoff, shortest but most dangerous fork, turned southwest from the Arkansas River and followed the dry course of the Cimarron River into the Oklahoma pan­ handle, reaching New Mexico near present Clayton..The Mountain Branch, 100 miles longer and with the treacherous barrier of Raton Pass, kept to the north bank of the Arkansas, turned southwest along the base of the Rockies, and dropped into New Mexico at Raton Pass.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Oklahoma
    UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE SOUTHERN CHEYENNE ORTHODOXY: A STUDY IN MATERIALITY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By JOHN PAUL LUKAVIC Norman, Oklahoma 2012 SOUTHERN CHEYENNE ORTHODOXY: A STUDY IN MATERIALITY A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY BY ____________________________________ Dr. Daniel C. Swan, Chair ____________________________________ Dr. Sean O‘Neill ____________________________________ Dr. Kristin Dowell ____________________________________ Dr. Gus Palmer, Jr. ____________________________________ Dr. Warren Metcalf © Copyright by JOHN PAUL LUKAVIC 2012 All Rights Reserved. I dedicate this dissertation to those Cheyenne people who sacrifice their time and effort to fulfill their obligations, and to those who gave me an opportunity to understand. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I want to thank the orthodox Cheyennes with whom I worked for trusting me with their knowledge and charging me to produce something useful for their community. From the earliest phases of my research, members of the Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma accepted me into their homes and treated me well. The members of the Littlehawk family, especially David and Leb Ramos, Charlotte McLaughlin-Rooks, and Sherri McLaughlin Mackay, accepted me warmly into their family. David became both my brother and close friend, and the guidance he provided to this study was invaluable. I am also grateful to members of the Whiteshield family, particularly the late Elizabeth Pendleton Whiteshield, Kerwin Whitesheild, Roberta Whiteshield, and Michelin Butler and her two daughters. The contributions of members of the Blackbear, Black, Miles, Hart, and Yellowman families helped to guide this study and to them I am thankful.
    [Show full text]