The Expedition in Numbers

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MOSAiC The Expedition in Numbers During the expedition, RV The following 20 nations will Polarstern will be resupplied by participate in this project: 4 additional icebreakers from China, Russia and Sweden. RV Polarstern will cover a total of some 2,500 km, zig-zagging the Arctic Ocean with the natural ice drift. Throughout the year, a total of 600 participants will be on board, and be exchanged in phases. n Franeker n The ice will drift at an average speed of roughly 7 km per day. For 60-90 days the research icebreaker Polarstern will Around 300 people will work be less than 200 km away in the background for the from the geographic North The expedition‘s planned expedition in order to realize it. Pole. duration is 390 days. Photo: Alfred Wegener Institute / J. va Produced by MOSAiC The Expedition in Numbers The polar night, during which the At least 6 people will be sun never rises above the hori- assigned as „polar bear watch“ zon, will continue for 150 days. to ensure the researcher‘s safety. The landing strip for resupply flights, which will be carved The drift will take Polarstern out of the sea ice, must be at up to 1,000 km away from least 1,100 m long. the northernmost island. In winter, temperatures down to -45° Celsius are expected. 0 To date, there has never been a comparable expedition in the central Arctic. The monitoring stations will be set up as far as 50 km from Polarstern. The sea ice must be at least 1.5 m thick, so that the necessary infra- The expedition‘s operating structure can be set up on its surface. costs alone are roughly € 200,000 € per day (not Measurements will be taken at altitudes up to 35,000 m and at depths including the costs for the down to 4,000 m below the surface. instruments or researchers). Photo: Alfred Wegener Institute / S. Hendricks Produced by As of: 12/2019.

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Assessing the Vertical Structure of Arctic Aerosols Using Tethered- Balloon-Borne Measurements Jessie M
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-989 Preprint. Discussion started: 7 October 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Assessing the vertical structure of Arctic aerosols using tethered- balloon-borne measurements Jessie M. Creamean1, Gijs de Boer2,3, Hagen Telg2,3, Fan Mei4, Darielle Dexheimer5, Matthew D. Shupe2,3, Amy Solomon2,3, Allison McComiskey6 5 1Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA 2Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80509, USA 3Physical Sciences Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA 4Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA 10 5Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA 6Brookhaven National Laboratory, Uptown, NY 11973, USA Correspondence to: Jessie M. Creamean ([email protected]) Abstract. The rapidly-warming Arctic is sensitive to perturbations in the surface energy budget, which can be caused by clouds and aerosols. However, the interactions between clouds and aerosols are poorly quantified in the Arctic, in part due to: (1) 15 limited observations of vertical structure of aerosols relative to clouds and (2) ground-based observations often being inadequate for assessing aerosol impacts on cloud formation in the characteristically stratified Arctic atmosphere. Here, we present a novel evaluation of Arctic aerosol vertical distributions using almost 3 years’ worth of tethered balloon system (TBS) measurements spanning multiple seasons. The TBS was deployed at the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program’s facility at Oliktok Point, Alaska. Aerosols were examined in tandem with atmospheric stability and 20 ground-based remote sensing of cloud macrophysical properties to specifically address the representativeness of near-surface aerosols to those at cloud base.
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652641 D1.21 the Mosaic Example
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