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Safety in the Fishery Sector of Pakistan: Exploratory Research Mirza Zeeshan Baig

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Safety in the Fishery Sector of Pakistan: Exploratory Research Mirza Zeeshan Baig World Maritime University The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University World Maritime University Dissertations Dissertations 11-5-2017 Safety in the fishery sector of Pakistan: exploratory research Mirza Zeeshan Baig Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations Part of the Environmental Policy Commons Recommended Citation Baig, Mirza Zeeshan, "Safety in the fishery sector of Pakistan: exploratory research" (2017). World Maritime University Dissertations. 556. http://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations/556 This Dissertation is brought to you courtesy of Maritime Commons. Open Access items may be downloaded for non-commercial, fair use academic purposes. No items may be hosted on another server or web site without express written permission from the World Maritime University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY Malmö, Sweden SAFETY IN FISHERY SECTOR OF PAKISTAN - EXPLORATORY RESEARCH By MIRZA ZEESHAN BAIG PAKISTAN A dissertation proposal submitted to the World Maritime University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In MARITIME AFFAIRS (MARITIME SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATION) 2017 Copyright Mirza Zeeshan BAIG, 2017 i ii Acknowledgement First of all thanks to merciful lord for all the countless gift you have offered me, I would like to express deepest gratitude to Pakistan Maritime Security Agency administration for selecting me for WMU, particularly to the DG PMSA Rear Admiral Jamil Akhtar HI(M) T.Bt, who inspired me and have significantly gone extra miles to help me to study this degree. I will always be indebted to the Nippon Peace Foundation Japan, for their generous Sasakawa fellowship to make my dreams come true. This would not be possible with the assistance of WMU staff and kind administration. Thank you very much for providing this opportunity. Special thanks to Professor dr Waqar Ahmed of University of Karachi without his support I would not able to fulfill the survey questionnaire forms mile stone, to senior officials of fisheries management in any capacity in Pakistan for sharing their kind experience and data, to Megan L. Drewniak who gave me encouragement to accept this challenge, to professor Michael Baldauf for motivational insights to complete this study and to my WMU class of 2017 specially MSEA colleagues for extended support. I extend my utmost appreciation and pleasure to Professor Raphael Baulmer, World Maritime University, for his patient guidance, creativity, endless help and comprehensive advice until this work came to existence. My supervisor who immensely inspired and taken out best in me to accomplish this dissertation. It is great honor to work under his supervision. In the end I am thankful to my family, parents, brothers and sister for being my source of support and inspiration amidst solitude throughout the stay. iii ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: Safety in Fishery Sector of Pakistan – Exploratory Research Degree: MSc Fishing is the prime source of the livelihood for the population living in the coastal areas of Pakistan and a major sector of exportation. In the year 2015-16, the fish product exports in foreign exchange recorded 325 US Million Dollars. This sector provides direct employment to an estimate 400,000 fishers and 600,000 peoples in related industries. Despite the importance of fisheries for Pakistan, the supervision of the activity seems defective particularly in relation to safety at sea. The fleet is made of traditional small size wooden boat which often are below regulatory thresholds. In addition, fishers are not properly trained and educated on shore and familiarized at sea. The equipment on board such sea-going ships is below expectation in terms of Life Saving Appliance, Communication system and Fire-fighting devices. This lack of consideration on design, equipment held onboard including lack of training and familiarization affects safety and productivity. As per FAO/ Pakistan stock assessment report 2015, to establish effective co-management capacity for Pakistan marine fisheries, there is a clear need for stakeholders to build the efforts. This may improve all the shortcomings in the fishing sector. This study explores safety in fishing sector in Pakistan. A questionnaire has been conducted to explore the situation and identify main challenges and areas to improve. Non-registration of fishing boats is vital to ensure an appropriate control over the fishing fleet and support stock management and safety of fishing vessels. Key words: Fishers, enforcement, non-registration of fishing boats, safety iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration ................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................................... iii Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................ v List of Acronyms ......................................................................................................................... ix Definitions – Fisheries Terminologies .......................................................................................... x List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. xi List of Figures……………………………………………………………………………………………..xii CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Brief Overview ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objective of the Study ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Research Methodology……………………………………………………………………….…...3 1.4 Organization of Research Paper ....................................................................................... 4 1.5 Limitation of the Study ....................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER II INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS RELATED TO SAFETY OF FISHING VESSEL………………………………………………………………………………………………….....5 2.1 Selection of FAO/ ILO/ IMO Instruments Addressing Safety of Fishing Vessel…………....5 2.1.1 FAO Instruments………………………………………………………………………….5 2.1.1.1 Standard Specifications for the Marking and Identification of Fishing Vessel (FAO, 1989) (Voluntary)……………………………………………………………...5 2.1.1.2 Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (Code) (FAO, 1995)……….....5 2.1.2 IMO Instruments……………………………………………………………………….....6 2.1.2.1 Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), 1972……………………………………………………………………..…7 2.1.2.2 International Convention for the safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974….....7 2.1.2.3 International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watch Keeping for Fishing Vessel Personnel (STCW-F), 1995..................………………….....7 2.1.2.4 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR), 1979.....8 2.1.2.5 Torremolinos Convention, 1977 and the Torremolinos Protocol, 1993 on the Safety of the Fishing Vessel……………………………………………………………..9 2.1.3 ILO Instruments…………………………………………………………………………..9 v 2.1.3.1 C188 – Work in Fishing Convention, 2007 (No. 188)……………………..…9 2.1.4 Joint ILO/ IMO/ FAO Instruments……………………………………………………..10 2.1.4.1 Safety Recommendations for Decked Fishing Vessels of Less than 12 m in length and Undecked Fishing Vessels (Voluntary)……………………………………….10 2.1.4.2 Code of Safety for Fishermen and Fishing Vessels, Part A (Voluntary)…11 2.1.4.3 Code of Safety for Fishermen and Fishing Vessels, Part B (Voluntary)…12 CHAPTER III THE FISHING ORGANIZATIONS/ INSTITUTIONS, LEGISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT REGIME IN PAKISTAN ................................................................................. 13 3.1 Brief Role and Functions of Fisheries Institutions in Pakistan………………………..…… 13 3.1.1 Federal Institutions ……………………………….………………………………….…13 3.1.2 Provincial Fishery Institutions …………………….…………………………………. 14 3.2 Existing National Legal Framework in Pakistan…………………………………………….. 14 3.3 Issue of Enforcement in the Preservation of Fish Stock………………………………….....16 CHAPTER IV ASSESMENT OF PRESENT SITUATION OF FISHING SAFETY IN PAKISTAN……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17 4.1 Lack of Consolidated Data on Safety in Fishing Sector…………………………….18 4.2 Own Investigation – Survey……………………………………………………………20 4.2.1 Limitation to the Survey……………………………………………………………...…20 4.3 Method of Work and Screening of Responses………………………………………21 4.3.1 Part A – General Information…………………………………………………………..22 4.3.1.1 Demographic Analysis of fisher………………………………………………22 4.3.1.2 Gender Representation………………………………………………………..22 4.3.1.3 Position in Fishing……………………………………………………………...23 4.3.1.4 Expertise in Fishing…………………………………………………………….23 4.3.1.5 Length/ Size of Fishing Boat………………………………………………….24 4.3.1.6 Previous Profession Prior Fishing……………………………………………24 4.3.1.7 Signed Agreement with Employer……………………………………………24 4.3.1.8 Type of Contract………………………………………………………………..25 4.3.1.9 Insurance Coverage in Case of Accident……………………………………25 4.3.2 Part B – Registration
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