An Archaeological Heritage Assessment of Land at 15 Church
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An Archaeological Heritage Assessment Pooley Lane Polesworth Warwickshire. (NGR SK 25769 02546) On Behalf of N.P Holloway & Son ABRS Report No 2016-PLPW An Archaeological Heritage Assessment Pooley Lane Polesworth Warwickshire. (NGR SK 25769 02546) On Behalf of N.P Holloway & Son August 2016 ABRS Project No 2016-PLPW Archaeological Building Recording Services (ABRS) Chandos Business Centre 87 Warwick Street Leamington Spa Warwickshire CV32 4RJ Tel 07423813638 email: [email protected] A Heritage Assessment, Pooley Lane, Polesworth. An Archaeological Heritage Assessment of Land East of Pooley Lane, Polesworth, Warwickshire (NGR SK 25769 02546). Summary 1. Introduction 1 2. Aims and Methods 2 3. Methodology 2 4. Site Location, Geology & Topography 3 5. Historical & Archaeological Background 4 6. Standing Buildings 7 7. Conservation Area 10 8. Cartographic Sources 11 9. Site Visit 12 10. Appraisal of the Development Impact 13 11. Conclusion 14 12. References & Sources 15 13. Colour Plates 16 Appendix Warwickshire Historic Environment Record (HER) centred on the Proposed Development Area. 23 ©ABRS 2016 i Report No 2016-PLPW A Heritage Assessment, Pooley Lane, Polesworth. Figures Figure 1 2 Figure 2 3 Site Location Proposed Development Area in Red. Figure 3 10 Figure 4 11 Polesworth Conservation Tithe Map for the Area, Proposed Township of Pooley Development Area in (1849). Red. Figure 5 12 Figure 6 16 Second Edition Ordnance Proposed Development Survey Area (Looking North West). Figure 7 16 Figure 8 17 Proposed Development Proposed Development Area (Looking South Area (Looking South). West). Figure 9 17 Figure 10 18 Recent Ground View Towards Coventry Disturbance within Canal from Proposed Proposed Development Development Area Area Suggesting Possible Showing Tree Screening Dumping. (Looking East). Figure 11 18 Figure 12 19 View Towards Pooley Proposed Development Hall from Proposed Area from Public Development Area Footpath at Southern End Adjacent to Pooley Lane of Pooley Hall Gardens Boundary (Looking (Looking South-South North-North West). West). Figure 13 19 Figure 14 20 Proposed Development Proposed Development Area from Public Area (Approximate Footpath Crossing Pooley Location Arrowed) from Hall Driveway (Looking Polesworth Bridge South). (Looking West-North West). Figure 15 20 Figure 16 21 Proposed Development Proposed Development Area (Approximate Area (Left) from Location Arrowed) from Coventry Canal Towpath. Bridge Street (Looking West). Figure 17 22 Proposed Development, Indicative Master Plan. ©ABRS 2016 ii Report No 2016-PLPW A Heritage Assessment, Pooley Lane, Polesworth. An Archaeological Heritage Assessment of Land East of Pooley Lane, Polesworth, Warwickshire (NGR SK 25769 02546). Summary This document is a heritage assessment of land to the east of Pooley Lane, Polesworth, Warwickshire (SK 25769 02546), commissioned from Archaeological Building Recording Services (ABRS) by N.P Holloway & Son in advance of a proposed residential development. The proposed development area is located within a sensitive heritage location, but the proposed development will not greatly affect the significance of the known heritage assets. This assessment has confirmed that the proposed development area shares a boundary with the Grade II* listed Pooley Hall. The proposed development will have a less than substantial impact upon the setting of the listed building. The proposed construction work will have a detrimental effect upon any potential eathfast archaeological remains within the footprint; the proposed development area is un-attested archaeologically. The archaeological potential could be investigated through a programme of archaeological attendance, the extent and scope of this can be confirmed in conjunction with the Planning Archaeologist, Warwickshire County Council. The development will have a limited, but less than substantial impact upon the known heritage assets. 1. Introduction In accordance with the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), this document is a heritage assessment of land to the east of Pooley Lane, Polesworth, Warwickshire (SP SK 25769 02546). This assessment has been commissioned from Archaeological Building Recording Services (ABRS) by N.P Holloway & Son in advance of a proposed residential development. The proposed development area is located to the east of Pooley Lane, on the western edge of the village of Polesworth and consists of agricultural land. The proposed development area is not located within a designated Conservation Area and does not include any known and identified heritage assets. To the east of the proposed development area is the alignment of the Coventry Canal. This heritage assessment addresses all the heritage concerns likely to be raised by the local planning authority. 2. Aims and Methods The aim of the heritage assessment is to present information on the extent, character, date, integrity and state of preservation of heritage assets present and potentially affected by the proposed development, both standing built heritage and potential earthfast archaeological remains. The assessment will compare the proposals with identified heritage assets and state why these will not be detrimentally affected. For those heritage assets identified as being at ©ABRS 2016 1 Report No 2016-PLPW A Heritage Assessment, Pooley Lane, Polesworth. risk from the proposed development, a suitable mitigation strategy will be suggested to minimise that risk. The assessment should, once the above information has been gathered, assist in providing an informed planning decision as to whether further stages of work are necessary. All work follows the Chartered Institute for Archaeologist’s (CIfA) Code of Conduct and adheres to their Standards and Guidance for Archaeological Desk-based Assessments. Figure 1 Site Location Reproduced from 1:50000 map by permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationary Office. ©Crown Copyright 1990. All rights reserved. Licence number 100053136. 3. Methodology All work has been carried out based upon plans supplied by the client or their agent. The archaeological resource is by its nature an incomplete record. Where there are significant alluvial or colluvial deposits, made ground or lack of archaeological investigation, archaeological remains can remain undetected. ©ABRS 2016 2 Report No 2016-PLPW A Heritage Assessment, Pooley Lane, Polesworth. The following sources have been consulted to assess previous land use and archaeological potential: Archaeological records (Warwickshire Historic Environment Record (HER)). Previous Ordnance Survey and other maps of the area as held by the Warwickshire County Record Office (WCRO) Historical background material (ABRS Reference Library and WCRO). A site visit was also undertaken in order to assess the current state of the proposed development area. Figure 2 Proposed Development Area in Red. (Supplied by Client) 4. Site Location, Geology & Topography The proposed development area is located on the north western edge of Polesworth, (Figure 1). The proposed development area also lies within the modern parish of Polesworth, Warwickshire (NGR SK 25769 02546). The proposed development area is rough grazing (Figures 2, 6, 7 & 8) to the east of Pooley Lane. The boundaries are established boundaries marked by mixed hedges. ©ABRS 2016 3 Report No 2016-PLPW A Heritage Assessment, Pooley Lane, Polesworth. The Ordnance Survey Geological Survey of Great Britain indicates that the underlying geology is likely to be Pennine Middle Coal Measures Formation - Mudstone, Siltstone and Sandstone. The proposed development area lies between approximately 79m and 87m OD. 5. Historical & Archaeological Background 5.1 Historical Background The placename Polesworth derives from the Old English Polleswyrth, meaning enclosure of a man called Poll (Mills 1998). Polesworth is not recorded in the Domesday Book. In the time of King Stephen (1095-1154) it is recorded that Robert Marmion and his wife Millicent gave all their land there to the abbess and convent of Polesworth (VCH). In 1242 the nuns of Polesworth were granted a weekly market on Thursdays and a yearly fair from 19 to 21 July. They were also quit of shires, hundreds, and sheriff's tourns. Polesworth remained the possession of the Abbey until the Dissolution. Following the Dissolution the manor of Polesworth was sold to Francis Goodere, who died soon after in 1546, followed by his wife a month later, leaving a son Henry, then aged 13. The manor was at that time occupied Dame Florence Clyfford, a widow, in 1574 the now of age Henry Goodere settled the manor with his wife and their heirs. The manor remained in the Goodere Family until sold to Sir Robert Honywood “and others” in around the 1630s. Michael Biddulph was dealing with the manor in 1661 and by 1737 George Biddulph was lord of the manor. In 1742 the manor belonged to Robert Kedington who conveyed it in 1747 to Walter Chetwynde. The manor then descended with the manor of Grendon and by the 19th century was in the possession of the trustees of the late Sir George Guy Chetwynd. In the early 16th century Sir Thomas Cockayne re-built Pooley Hall as a semi-defensive demesne and enclosed a Park of some 140 acres. The original house was probably much larger than the existing remains, now known as Pooley Farm. Pooley was originally granted by Robert Marmion in about the time of King Stephen to a man called Burdet for a rent of 10s. It then passed to the lords of Tamworth Castle, who held the manor