Review June-Dec 13

Contents BESVol. XIX, Review No. III&IV

July' 13 - December’13 Editorial 2 From the President 3 BES Council 2012-2014 4 Radio Now and Beyond 6 - Sharad Sadhu AIR Archives Digitization-Journey so far & Future Road Map 9 - Jitender Pruthi Standards for digital TV 13 - Philip Laven DRM/DRM + The Future of Radio 18 - I. I. George Once upon a time 24 - Venkitakrishnan Report : BES(I) Head Quarter 28 - Engineer's Day Celebration Editorial Board Report : Ahmedabad Chapter 31 - Seminar on “BROADCASTING – NEW DIMENSIONS ” Chairman Ashish Bhatnagar Report : Pune Chapter 33 - National Public Service Broadcasting Day celebration Co-Chairman Report : Thanjavur Chapter 34 Deepak Joshi - Webinar conducted by DRM Member Report : Chennai Chapter 35 R.P. Joshi - Seminar on “Broadcasting – Decoding the future” Pradeep Mehra Devesh Kumar Report : Hyderabad Chapter 36 Deepali Sharma - Seminar on “New dimensions in Broadcasting” D. Ranganathan Report : Jaipur Chapter 38 -Workshop on “Role of Public Service Broadcaster In Present Era” Published by : P. K. Singh, Hon. Secretary, Report : BES(I) Head Quarter 39 on behalf of - National Public Service Broadcasting Day celebration Broadcast Engineering Society (India) 912, Surya Kiran Building, ABU debates on the Future of Radio 40 19, K.G. Marg, New Delhi-110001 - A Report Tel. : + 91-11- 23316709 4 key Technology Trends from IBC 2013 41 Fax : + 91-11- 23316710 - A Report E-mail : [email protected] The Role of Radio during Phailin 42 - Devesh Kumar Sachan Awards 44 Printed at : Pragati Creations Appointments 45 27/1B, Dilshad Garden Ind. Area, G.T. Road, Delhi-110095 Reminiscences 46 e-mail : [email protected] What's New 50 Ph.: 011-22596695, 9312438440 Corporate Members 52 New Members 54 Views expressed by authors are their own and may not be that of BES(I) Obituary 56 Editorial From the President

Dear Friends, Dear Friends, It gives me immense pleasure to present this issue of BES Review to all of At the outset, I would like to extend my sincere thanks to BES you. The theme of this issue “Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting” has Council who has reposed faith in me and has nominated me the President become quite significant considering diverse views on the relevance of of Broadcast Engineering Society(India). I would like to assure all that terrestrial broadcasting in the era of multi platform delivery and mobile we would work as a cohesive team focusing on the growth and technology. There is an emerging opinion that internet and satellite development of Broadcast Engineering Society (India) which is one of broadcasting due to their cost effectiveness and reach can completely the prominent bodies of Broadcast Engineers in complete Afro-Asian replace the Terrestrial Broadcasting networks, whereas another school of Region. thought considers Terrestrial Broadcasting as an essential national We are all looking forward for successful organization of BES requirement due to its robustness and utility during the times of wars, Expo 2014, the 20th International Conference and Exhibition of disturbances and national calamities. This issue seeks to enlighten its Terrestrial and Satellite Broadcast to be held at Pragati Maidan, New readers on the various aspects of Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting Delhi, India from 14th to 16th January 2014. The theme of this year's which may help to build an informed opinion on the relevance of digital conference is “Future Media Eco System – Opportunities and Challenges technology for broadcasting. The issue contains articles from eminent for Broadcasters”. The delegates will have the opportunity to listen to and senior broadcasters like Mr. Philip Lewin, Sharad Sadhu and I.I. eminent Broadcasters and speakers on varied relevant topics such as – George and also reports from various BES Chapters and special Terrestrial Broadcasting - new concept and competition, Future activities. of TV – 4K and beyond, TV Anywhere - redefining broadcasting, Broadcasting and Unlashing growth opportunities, Digitization - the All the members of the Editorial Board have contributed immensely to game changer, Disaster Broadcast systems, Regulatory frame work in bring out this publication. However, major credit for this issue goes to Broadcasting and Indian industry - Readiness to meet the future Ms. Deepali Sharma, who in association with Mr. Pradeep Mehra has challenges. developed, coordinated and edited major part of the content. We hope the readers will enjoy the Review. BES Review is really doing a good job in disseminating the information about latest and emerging broadcast technologies. This Best wishes for a successful, joyful, blissful and contended New Year issue deals with a very important theme i.e. Terrestrial Digital 2014. Broadcasting which is being adopted world over. I am sure the readers will get benefitted by the articles and other information provided in the BES Review and will relish reading it.

With best wishes

Ashish Bhatnagar [email protected] A. K. Dixit

2 3 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 Editorial From the President

With best wishes

Ashish Bhatnagar [email protected] A. K. Dixit

2 3 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 BES (I) Council 2012-2014

Name Designation Mobile / E-mail Local Chapters Chapter Chairperson Hon. Secretary Hon. Treasurer Tel. No. /E-mail. A.K. Dixit Engineer-in-Chief 9958581560 [email protected] President Doordarshan 1) Ahmedabad Chandira J.K. A.K. Gupta M.H. Chaudhary 9426513961 [email protected] R.K. Sinha Former Engineer-in-Chief 9868631895 [email protected] Immediate Past President Doordarshan 2) Bangalore Anil Mangalgi A. Hanumant Sanjeev K.P. 9448490241 [email protected] Ashok Lakhanpal Former Chief Engineer 9868114396 [email protected] Past President All India Radio 3) Bhubaneshwar L.K. Pradhan A.C. Subudhi N. Jehti 9437073498 Ashish Bhatnagar Dy. Director General (E) 9422304888 [email protected] Vice President All India Radio 4) Chennai S.K. Aggarwal K V Ramachandran P Bhoopathy [email protected]

Yuvraj Bajaj Former Engineer-in-Chief 9868189374 [email protected] 5) Jaipur R.S. Tyagi O.P. Rajpurohit K. C. Jain 9414051284 Vice President All India Radio [email protected] Pravin Kumar Singh Director (Engg.) 9968993838 [email protected] Hon. Secretary All India Radio 6) Kolkatta - - - - R.C. Bhatnagar Former Addl. Director 9968296792 [email protected] 7) Hyderabad M.B.S. Purushottam Er. Nuli Namassivaya R. Janardhan Rao +91-9869489551 Hon. Treasurer General (Engg.), DD [email protected]

A.K. Jha Dy. Director General (E) 9968656902 [email protected] 8) Mumbai CH Ranga Rao Shipra Manaswita P.S. Khurana 91-9869047581 Council Member Doordarshan [email protected] A.V Swaminathan Former Chief Engineer 9811470018 [email protected] Council Member AIR & DD 9) Thanjavur Ms A. Chitra A. Sakthivel G. Muthukrishnan 9443782765 [email protected] Bindra S.S Former Addl. Director 9899968022 [email protected] Council Member General (E) AIR & DD 10)Thiruvananthapuram - - - - C.K. Jain Dy. Director General (E) 9990647004 [email protected] 11) Pune R.N. Katkar A.C. Kale S.S. Raman +91-9421053428 Council Member Doordarshan [email protected] Deepak Joshi Dy. Director General (E) 9435032256 [email protected] 12) Guwahati C.B.S. Maurya R.C. Boro - - Council Member All India Radio Deepak Mehrotra Former Chief Engineer 9810862165 [email protected] Council Member All India Radio BES Committees N. Thiyagrajan Addl. Director General (E) 9445562769 [email protected] Council Member AIR & DD S. No. Name of Commitees Chairman Co-Chairman Om Prakash Rajpurohit Asstt. Engineer 9414251557 [email protected] Council Member Doorarshan 1. BES EXPO Event (Exhibition) Sh. A.V. Swaminathan - P. Mohanadoss Former Chief Engineer 9940688812 [email protected] Council Member AIR & DD 2. BES EXPO Event (Conference ) Sh. Yogendrapal - S.C Khasgiwal Former Chief Engineer 9869047581 [email protected] Council Member AIR & DD 3. BES Review Sh. Ashish Bhatnagar Sh. Deepak Joshi Yogendra Pal Former Addl. Director 9811572044 [email protected] Council Member General (E), AIR 4. Website Management Sh. Yogendrapal Sh. Devesh Kumar V.K. Singla former Engineer-in-Chief 9582220496 [email protected] Co-Opted Member All India Radio 5. BES Awards Sh. S.C. Khasgiwal - K. Subramanian CMD, BECIL 9968200973 [email protected] Co-Opted Member R.K. Budhraja Engineer-in-Chief 9871178429 [email protected] 6. Industrial Relations Sh. P.S. Sundaram - Special Invitee All India Radio P.S. Sundram Managing Director 9811197746 [email protected] 7. Constitution Committee Sh. P. Mohanadoss - Permanent Invitee Technomedia

B.K. De Former Engineer-in-Chief 9810044554 [email protected] 8. New Member Induction Sh. P. Mohanadoss - Permanent Invitee Doordarshan V.K. Mehra Former Director Engineering 9999986234 [email protected] Permanent Invitee All India Radio 9. Seminar and Lectures Sh. V.K. Singla -

4 5 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 BES (I) Council 2012-2014

4 5 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 to offer aural content of things that people cannot because radio offers so much more than just music, it is a Radio Now and Beyond otherwise hear. As a case in point is the high quality theatre-of-the-mind, it involves people and radio multi-channel rendition of audio concerts and such connects people. Sharad Sadhu events, offering a deep sense of reality. Even as compared to the online media, perceived as Radio is no longer only a stand-alone medium. providing access to vast audiences, still radio connects platform delivery to multiple devices. The “Digital Technological convergence has meant that multimedia people with its wider network e.g. from the local Wave” is a bookmark that prompts broadcasters to think delivery by radio is the norm more than the exception. communities to national audiences and internationally. out-of-the- box to meet the challenges of the future in a Additionally, progressive innovations like iTunes, Radio can be a direct link for men and women to share sustainable way. iPads, and other mp3 players have all bundled radio as a information with others in their own communities. Connected radio represents the success in featured application. The question remains whether or Community radio is an excellent case in point. It can harmonization of broadcasting and Internet. It provides not such a convergence with the other media formats is a also help them build bridges to connect with those in specific information that enriches sports and other positive attribute. The key lies in managing radio other communities. content. While setting up a business case, value needs to content for such converged media world. At the same time, there is a definitive change happening be placed on new genres of content experience and its Consumption patterns and media space to radio. Digital radio provides many more possibilities monitisation. Broadcasters are wooing audiences across Growth of media services and consumption patterns are for new content applications together with a host of data the social media platforms and providing content on based services and even graphics and still pictures – multiple mobile and stationary smart devices. The not the same around the world. Radio in India is an Radio broadcasting, both in the near and long term, visual radio. process of transformation does not stop there, it moves example of high growth with higher listening, more Perhaps, their fears are based on developments in the on. radios and more radio stations. Mobile phones While some radio broadcasters have re-invented media space that are taking place all around us. To my proliferating are currently totaling around 900 million. themselves to meet the market place requirements, the mind, this apprehension is misplaced, to say the least. Partnering the Social Media A significant percentage of listeners make use of the issue of connecting with the audiences and engaging the Let us examine the broad issues in the context of the Every event that carries a message is reflected on the mobile phone embedded FM radios and the trend is listeners needs more innovation and attention. With the current media space scenario and the technological social media networks, providing immediacy in enhancing. Australia is a country where digital radio has radio consumers accessing multiple platforms for changes that are taking place. engaging huge numbers of networked participants. The successfully been implemented in a big way and has content consumption and emergence of multi-platform “Digital Wave” means new platforms social media networks are thus a highly efficient become an important component coexisting with FM radio, convergence of receiving devices, onset of global platform for conveying content, something which was and AM radio. Radio listening has gone up and so are the programming and diverse audiences, the listener To express the dynamic changes that technology has totally in the domain of the broadcasters for almost a radio revenues. A new generation of content genres has connectivity has acquired new meaning and nuances. enabled in the broadcasting media space, a new century. The issue is not whether radio broadcasters emerged to capture audience interest. expression has been coined, the “Digital Wave”. This The future is Community Radio should stay away from this media revolution, the crucial expression signifies an era of new platforms and high Indonesia has a huge radio audience with access to both issue is how best to make the use of this tremendous Looking ahead, community radio sector of broadcasting quality content that enable consumer participation and public service and commercial radio broadcasts. The opportunity to reach our audiences and how to integrate represents an area of the dynamic future, in which interaction in the media environment. With an insatiable public service broadcaster has set up a most it with other media on these platforms. contributions will be made both by community content quest for newer, highly mobile and more immersive sophisticated and extensive radio network for coverage producers and in the messages they share with their experience, content creators and journalists have added Radio industry will move by quality enhancement of the whole population, a huge task given the community and audiences next door. And this requires geography of the country. Commercial broadcasters are a new dimension to the media landscape. Many exciting developments in content creation are no sophisticated technology. addressing more concentrated and affluent population taking radio content to a higher level. The very prospect The momentum of change in the broadcasting industry groups. Even the Community Radio has a vital role to Local community radio essentially has the attributes of a of providing exciting content to audiences is actually is accelerating. New technologies, and the services such play in Indonesia. In North America, there has been a community owned and community participation quite significant. Leading broadcasters believe that technologies can provide, are emerging in quick rebirth of AM radio and FM radio is going strong. venture. While being a platform for community to evolution of digital radio keeps the radio industry succession. While these technologies often lure new Satellite digital radio, which is subscription based has express themselves through its own communication moving, a sentiment that encapsulates as to how the players to enter the media market space and pose new established itself as a major market operator. lines, it helps positively in establishing cohesion in the competition to the existing players, these technologies industry should be ahead of others in the market space so community. Such listeners value localism – local music, also provide forward-looking broadcasters with new as to continue to be relevant and popular. Today, Radio connects people local information and presenters who sound the same as pathways to enhance their services to their audiences. broadcasters have already added new dimensions to Radio is all over the place, in cars, stores, the workplace, the listeners. Community radio has been demonstrated their service offering in terms of digital radio, surround While the Digital Wave has started shaking the online - no matter where you are, you hear content being to be a major component of the developmental process sound, enhanced quality sound, visual imagery on radio, traditional structures in the broadcasting industry, the broadcast on AM and FM waves. Given the powerful and social change in many parts of the world. web-streaming and content time-shifting. future will bring in more revolutionary changes with competing platforms of multimedia content, why does Community radio focuses on issues relating to many new services on the horizon, including in multi- It should, therefore, be an avid objective of broadcasters this century old medium exist anymore? Simply education, health, environment, and agriculture and

6 7 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 to offer aural content of things that people cannot because radio offers so much more than just music, it is a Radio Now and Beyond otherwise hear. As a case in point is the high quality theatre-of-the-mind, it involves people and radio multi-channel rendition of audio concerts and such connects people. Sharad Sadhu events, offering a deep sense of reality. Even as compared to the online media, perceived as Radio is no longer only a stand-alone medium. providing access to vast audiences, still radio connects platform delivery to multiple devices. The “Digital Technological convergence has meant that multimedia people with its wider network e.g. from the local Wave” is a bookmark that prompts broadcasters to think delivery by radio is the norm more than the exception. communities to national audiences and internationally. out-of-the- box to meet the challenges of the future in a Additionally, progressive innovations like iTunes, Radio can be a direct link for men and women to share sustainable way. iPads, and other mp3 players have all bundled radio as a information with others in their own communities. Connected radio represents the success in featured application. The question remains whether or Community radio is an excellent case in point. It can harmonization of broadcasting and Internet. It provides not such a convergence with the other media formats is a also help them build bridges to connect with those in specific information that enriches sports and other positive attribute. The key lies in managing radio other communities. content. While setting up a business case, value needs to content for such converged media world. At the same time, there is a definitive change happening be placed on new genres of content experience and its Consumption patterns and media space to radio. Digital radio provides many more possibilities monitisation. Broadcasters are wooing audiences across Growth of media services and consumption patterns are for new content applications together with a host of data the social media platforms and providing content on based services and even graphics and still pictures – multiple mobile and stationary smart devices. The not the same around the world. Radio in India is an Radio broadcasting, both in the near and long term, visual radio. process of transformation does not stop there, it moves example of high growth with higher listening, more Perhaps, their fears are based on developments in the on. radios and more radio stations. Mobile phones While some radio broadcasters have re-invented media space that are taking place all around us. To my proliferating are currently totaling around 900 million. themselves to meet the market place requirements, the mind, this apprehension is misplaced, to say the least. Partnering the Social Media A significant percentage of listeners make use of the issue of connecting with the audiences and engaging the Let us examine the broad issues in the context of the Every event that carries a message is reflected on the mobile phone embedded FM radios and the trend is listeners needs more innovation and attention. With the current media space scenario and the technological social media networks, providing immediacy in enhancing. Australia is a country where digital radio has radio consumers accessing multiple platforms for changes that are taking place. engaging huge numbers of networked participants. The successfully been implemented in a big way and has content consumption and emergence of multi-platform “Digital Wave” means new platforms social media networks are thus a highly efficient become an important component coexisting with FM radio, convergence of receiving devices, onset of global platform for conveying content, something which was and AM radio. Radio listening has gone up and so are the programming and diverse audiences, the listener To express the dynamic changes that technology has totally in the domain of the broadcasters for almost a radio revenues. A new generation of content genres has connectivity has acquired new meaning and nuances. enabled in the broadcasting media space, a new century. The issue is not whether radio broadcasters emerged to capture audience interest. expression has been coined, the “Digital Wave”. This The future is Community Radio should stay away from this media revolution, the crucial expression signifies an era of new platforms and high Indonesia has a huge radio audience with access to both issue is how best to make the use of this tremendous Looking ahead, community radio sector of broadcasting quality content that enable consumer participation and public service and commercial radio broadcasts. The opportunity to reach our audiences and how to integrate represents an area of the dynamic future, in which interaction in the media environment. With an insatiable public service broadcaster has set up a most it with other media on these platforms. contributions will be made both by community content quest for newer, highly mobile and more immersive sophisticated and extensive radio network for coverage producers and in the messages they share with their experience, content creators and journalists have added Radio industry will move by quality enhancement of the whole population, a huge task given the community and audiences next door. And this requires geography of the country. Commercial broadcasters are a new dimension to the media landscape. Many exciting developments in content creation are no sophisticated technology. addressing more concentrated and affluent population taking radio content to a higher level. The very prospect The momentum of change in the broadcasting industry groups. Even the Community Radio has a vital role to Local community radio essentially has the attributes of a of providing exciting content to audiences is actually is accelerating. New technologies, and the services such play in Indonesia. In North America, there has been a community owned and community participation quite significant. Leading broadcasters believe that technologies can provide, are emerging in quick rebirth of AM radio and FM radio is going strong. venture. While being a platform for community to evolution of digital radio keeps the radio industry succession. While these technologies often lure new Satellite digital radio, which is subscription based has express themselves through its own communication moving, a sentiment that encapsulates as to how the players to enter the media market space and pose new established itself as a major market operator. lines, it helps positively in establishing cohesion in the competition to the existing players, these technologies industry should be ahead of others in the market space so community. Such listeners value localism – local music, also provide forward-looking broadcasters with new as to continue to be relevant and popular. Today, Radio connects people local information and presenters who sound the same as pathways to enhance their services to their audiences. broadcasters have already added new dimensions to Radio is all over the place, in cars, stores, the workplace, the listeners. Community radio has been demonstrated their service offering in terms of digital radio, surround While the Digital Wave has started shaking the online - no matter where you are, you hear content being to be a major component of the developmental process sound, enhanced quality sound, visual imagery on radio, traditional structures in the broadcasting industry, the broadcast on AM and FM waves. Given the powerful and social change in many parts of the world. web-streaming and content time-shifting. future will bring in more revolutionary changes with competing platforms of multimedia content, why does Community radio focuses on issues relating to many new services on the horizon, including in multi- It should, therefore, be an avid objective of broadcasters this century old medium exist anymore? Simply education, health, environment, and agriculture and

6 7 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 rural and community development. Raising awareness of climate change and environmental issues has emerged as a new challenge for radio AIR Archives Digitization-Journey It is the bounden responsibility of the radio industry to broadcasters. Green Radio, as radio programming on assist the community broadcasters in responding to environmental awareness and its protection is called, is changes so that they are prepared for the future. the current focus of radio broadcasts. Climate change is so far & Future Road Map Power of Smart Apps a global issue and everybody on this planet shares the Jitender Pruthi responsibility. Radio, as a mass medium, has a unique A major development for the content delivery industry position to lead the people on global warming issues. History : CDs (.WAV file format) & Audio CDs. Audio Meta- is the appearance of the Smart Apps. The Apps are a data which was available in Paper format for Magnetic Natural disasters disrupt communication channels and All India Radio (AIR) is Public Sector Broadcaster of great way to receive and view multimedia content on Tapes, LPs, EPs etc. was also entered in MS Access media infrastructure, particularly in the event of India with history spanning back to pre-independence smart devices and hybrid radio. It is certain that use of tsunamis. The importance of media in the aftermath of based database. Smart Apps will have a profound impact on the usage of (pre-1947) era. Needless to say, AIR Audio Libraries are such natural disasters is widely recognised. There is a warehouse of Audio recordings which contain Challenges: content. Actually, Smart Apps “capture” programming need to be informed about relief efforts, local news and important records pertaining to Political, Art, Cultural, content either as single piece of content or a channel Conversion to Digital format only helped in solving the radio also plays a pivotal role in disseminating Religious, Scientific milestones of India. Audio problem of further degradation of Audio due to offering. information about family members that are missing, programmes recorded during the last more than 50 years environment effects. However, the following problems are stored in AIR audio library on tapes. In addition to Smart Apps provide a new method for delivery and now known as “wellness information”. Radio is the still remained. consumption of content. The content providers are now most important and a powerful means of this, recordings on LP, EP, vinyl records etc. are also compelled to set up different system for use with the communication in the wake of a crisis. available with AIR. i. Easy accessibility of Archives Program Apps. At the same time, consumers will easily be to Conclusion The Important Audio content from stations located all ii. Unavailability of search on basis of Metadata. target their programmes by this powerful pull over India has been collected and stored in the Central iii. Degradation of CD Content due to handling We are in the vanguard of a digital revolution - a brave Archives, Delhi. A total of 53000 analogue tapes, 2000 technology. The Apps provide an efficient means of problem offering their content for those broadcasters who use new world for content producers and those who deliver Gramophone records (aggregating to 19,000 hours) are Internet as a medium of delivery. For radio stations to it. In the new world order, empowered audiences can stored in central Archives. Out of this 40% content are iv. Bad quality of Digitized material as the Tapes from make the most of internet applications, they need to be now decide how, when and where they will be informed spoken words, such as rare speeches of eminent leaders, where Audio material was Digitized were in poor integrated into the radio deliverable, which in turn and entertained. Who wins and who loses? How can recordings of Presidents, Prime Ministers, Radio shape. broadcasters successfully survive through the adoption autobiographies, Discussion, talks, Interviews etc. would help attract new listeners. v. AIR have very diverse category of Audio Content of new media strategies? Remaining 60% content is music such as classical, like speeches of eminent leaders, recordings of (Hindustani/Carnatic/light), Regional/folk/Tribal/ World's critical issues are addressed by Radio P r e s i d e n t s , P r i m e M i n i s t e r s , R a d i o Martial music, Orchestral composition, Musical autobiographies, Discussion, talks, Interviews, features/ plays etc. Classical Music (Hindustani /Carnatic /light), About The Author Audio Recordings stored in the Magnetic tapes suffer Regional/folk/Tribal/Martial music, Orchestral from constant degradation due to environmental effects. composition, Musical features/plays etc. Single Sharad Sadhu is a renowned media Specialist. He retired as Director of ABU Technology in As a result of this degradation, Analog recordings suffer Metadata scheme was not found feasible to 2012. He had joined in 1993 as Senior Engineer in ABU Technical Deptt, where he handled from Click Noise, Crackle Noise, Hiss Noise, Hum accommodate the metadata of all types of Audio. transmission and spectrum activities since then. Noise, print through noises etc. Sometimes, complete In addition to above problems, there were other Sharad has been instrumental in developing a strong base for the spectrum management, magnetic material gets ripped out of Magnetic tapes challenges as follows: regulation and new technologies activities in the ABU, as also in introducing mobile and ICT resulting loss of Audio data. So it is essential that Audio technologies. He has considerable interest in the new delivery technologies addressing Recordings in Analog mode are converted to Digital i. Unavailability of Language experts at Central handheld devices and in broadband delivery. He has made contributions in frequency mode at earliest. Archives to handle regional Language material. planning and standards setting at international forums such as the ITU. He has 42 years' experience covering all areas of TV broadcast engineering. Sharad has previously worked as IR took first step towards Digitization in the year 2000 ii. Transfer of Archives material to different stations Director Engineering in Doordarshan, India, General Manager in Telecommunication onwards more out of compulsion due to non-availability for Broadcast purposes. Consultants India Ltd and Professor of TV Technical Operations in the Film and TV Institute of India. of Analogue Recording & Playback equipment. Around iii. Making commercially viable archival material on He is currently the Vice-Chairman of the World Broadcasting Unions-Technical Committee, Steering Board the same time, AIR started thinking about Digitization member of the DRM Consortium and the World DMB Forum, is on the Editorial Board of the International Journal sale using Internet/Mobile technologies. of Digital Broadcasting and has been the Chairman of BroadcastAsia2012 International Conference. He has of analogue Audio content. Under a Digitization worked as a Senior Expert for an ITU's RASCOM project in Africa and is currently directing ITU's digital Project, total 45000 Tapes of Central Archives iv. Setting up of Disaster Recovery site for Central broadcasting projects in four Asian countries. He also served the ITU's WRC conferences in several capacities. (aggregating to 16685 hrs of Audio) were converted to Archives so that Archives is safe from Natural Digital format. The digital content was stored in Data Disasters.

8 9 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 rural and community development. Raising awareness of climate change and environmental issues has emerged as a new challenge for radio AIR Archives Digitization-Journey It is the bounden responsibility of the radio industry to broadcasters. Green Radio, as radio programming on assist the community broadcasters in responding to environmental awareness and its protection is called, is changes so that they are prepared for the future. the current focus of radio broadcasts. Climate change is so far & Future Road Map Power of Smart Apps a global issue and everybody on this planet shares the Jitender Pruthi responsibility. Radio, as a mass medium, has a unique A major development for the content delivery industry position to lead the people on global warming issues. History : CDs (.WAV file format) & Audio CDs. Audio Meta- is the appearance of the Smart Apps. The Apps are a data which was available in Paper format for Magnetic Natural disasters disrupt communication channels and All India Radio (AIR) is Public Sector Broadcaster of great way to receive and view multimedia content on Tapes, LPs, EPs etc. was also entered in MS Access media infrastructure, particularly in the event of India with history spanning back to pre-independence smart devices and hybrid radio. It is certain that use of tsunamis. The importance of media in the aftermath of based database. Smart Apps will have a profound impact on the usage of (pre-1947) era. Needless to say, AIR Audio Libraries are such natural disasters is widely recognised. There is a warehouse of Audio recordings which contain Challenges: content. Actually, Smart Apps “capture” programming need to be informed about relief efforts, local news and important records pertaining to Political, Art, Cultural, content either as single piece of content or a channel Conversion to Digital format only helped in solving the radio also plays a pivotal role in disseminating Religious, Scientific milestones of India. Audio problem of further degradation of Audio due to offering. information about family members that are missing, programmes recorded during the last more than 50 years environment effects. However, the following problems are stored in AIR audio library on tapes. In addition to Smart Apps provide a new method for delivery and now known as “wellness information”. Radio is the still remained. consumption of content. The content providers are now most important and a powerful means of this, recordings on LP, EP, vinyl records etc. are also compelled to set up different system for use with the communication in the wake of a crisis. available with AIR. i. Easy accessibility of Archives Program Apps. At the same time, consumers will easily be to Conclusion The Important Audio content from stations located all ii. Unavailability of search on basis of Metadata. target their programmes by this powerful pull over India has been collected and stored in the Central iii. Degradation of CD Content due to handling We are in the vanguard of a digital revolution - a brave Archives, Delhi. A total of 53000 analogue tapes, 2000 technology. The Apps provide an efficient means of problem offering their content for those broadcasters who use new world for content producers and those who deliver Gramophone records (aggregating to 19,000 hours) are Internet as a medium of delivery. For radio stations to it. In the new world order, empowered audiences can stored in central Archives. Out of this 40% content are iv. Bad quality of Digitized material as the Tapes from make the most of internet applications, they need to be now decide how, when and where they will be informed spoken words, such as rare speeches of eminent leaders, where Audio material was Digitized were in poor integrated into the radio deliverable, which in turn and entertained. Who wins and who loses? How can recordings of Presidents, Prime Ministers, Radio shape. broadcasters successfully survive through the adoption autobiographies, Discussion, talks, Interviews etc. would help attract new listeners. v. AIR have very diverse category of Audio Content of new media strategies? Remaining 60% content is music such as classical, like speeches of eminent leaders, recordings of (Hindustani/Carnatic/light), Regional/folk/Tribal/ World's critical issues are addressed by Radio P r e s i d e n t s , P r i m e M i n i s t e r s , R a d i o Martial music, Orchestral composition, Musical autobiographies, Discussion, talks, Interviews, features/ plays etc. Classical Music (Hindustani /Carnatic /light), About The Author Audio Recordings stored in the Magnetic tapes suffer Regional/folk/Tribal/Martial music, Orchestral from constant degradation due to environmental effects. composition, Musical features/plays etc. Single Sharad Sadhu is a renowned media Specialist. He retired as Director of ABU Technology in As a result of this degradation, Analog recordings suffer Metadata scheme was not found feasible to 2012. He had joined in 1993 as Senior Engineer in ABU Technical Deptt, where he handled from Click Noise, Crackle Noise, Hiss Noise, Hum accommodate the metadata of all types of Audio. transmission and spectrum activities since then. Noise, print through noises etc. Sometimes, complete In addition to above problems, there were other Sharad has been instrumental in developing a strong base for the spectrum management, magnetic material gets ripped out of Magnetic tapes challenges as follows: regulation and new technologies activities in the ABU, as also in introducing mobile and ICT resulting loss of Audio data. So it is essential that Audio technologies. He has considerable interest in the new delivery technologies addressing Recordings in Analog mode are converted to Digital i. Unavailability of Language experts at Central handheld devices and in broadband delivery. He has made contributions in frequency mode at earliest. Archives to handle regional Language material. planning and standards setting at international forums such as the ITU. He has 42 years' experience covering all areas of TV broadcast engineering. Sharad has previously worked as IR took first step towards Digitization in the year 2000 ii. Transfer of Archives material to different stations Director Engineering in Doordarshan, India, General Manager in Telecommunication onwards more out of compulsion due to non-availability for Broadcast purposes. Consultants India Ltd and Professor of TV Technical Operations in the Film and TV Institute of India. of Analogue Recording & Playback equipment. Around iii. Making commercially viable archival material on He is currently the Vice-Chairman of the World Broadcasting Unions-Technical Committee, Steering Board the same time, AIR started thinking about Digitization member of the DRM Consortium and the World DMB Forum, is on the Editorial Board of the International Journal sale using Internet/Mobile technologies. of Digital Broadcasting and has been the Chairman of BroadcastAsia2012 International Conference. He has of analogue Audio content. Under a Digitization worked as a Senior Expert for an ITU's RASCOM project in Africa and is currently directing ITU's digital Project, total 45000 Tapes of Central Archives iv. Setting up of Disaster Recovery site for Central broadcasting projects in four Asian countries. He also served the ITU's WRC conferences in several capacities. (aggregating to 16685 hrs of Audio) were converted to Archives so that Archives is safe from Natural Digital format. The digital content was stored in Data Disasters.

8 9 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 Strategy Finalised to Overcome Problems: Refurbishing system/ Audio quality enhancement. VPI Spectrograph Some of the software modules are discussed below: i. It was decided that Regional Archives shall be setup The SpectroGraph is a tool to clearly identify to look after the Local Language Audio Content. VPI Denoiser disturbances with continuous frequencies in audio Accordingly, regional Archival Setups were created signals, such as mains hum, pilot tones in broadcast DeNoiser is a broadband, single-ended noise reduction at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai & Hyderabad in first signals, DC offset, etc. It is very useful in finding VPI that is optimized for real-time tape-hiss phase. Another Regional Archives has been frequency characteristics of instruments and harmonics, removal.While program is playing, the noise floor is proposed at Guwahati under future schemes. or to visualize the spectrum of the noise floor or a constantly analyzed, a large filter set is automatically signal's bandwidth. ii. It was decided to procure a server based system for created and shaped to the noise estimate contour. The Digitization, Ingest, on-line storage, meta-data filters' various properties (threshold, slopes, etc.) are VPI Spectrograph entry & random access/search of Archived Audio (Cubeworkflow, Quadriga etc. are Cube-teck Software Modules.) dynamically changed in real-time as the noise floor is DeScratcher is used to resolve large scratches up to 1000 material for Central & Regional Archives. tracked. A specific “noise signature” is not required – samples. Transient disturbances with a length of more v. Typical setup of Digitisation /Ingestion setup is as DeNoiser can differentiate between program and noise iii. A Standard categorization & Meta-data scheme was than 30 samples demand different audio algorithms than follows: components. Attenuation of broadband noise can be as finalized (by Programme wing of AIR) for short crackles. DeScratcher is optimized to carefully much as 20 dB. implementation at all archival setups. remove large scratches without destroying the audio AES/EBU Input Audio Ingest & Monitoring Professional CD Player Workstation with 2x RME AIO (Tascam CD-500B) VPI DeBuzz Program. iv. It was decided that Audio refurbishing sound Cards & Quadriga Digitalizatio software Refurbishing/cleaning & Quality Enhancement Analog Input DeBuzz is a single, high-slope filter, with no resonance VPI Repair Filter software shall be procured for Regional & central artifacts even when attenuating up to 100dB. The filter RepairFilter combines an intuitive analytical tool with archives centre. LP, Tape, Spool etc. can act as a high-pass, low-pass, bandpass or band-stop. four tracking notch filters and a high-pass/low-pass Professional Audio Dampening range is between -20 to -100dB, with a Implementation of Server based Archival system at Monitors filter set. It can “surgically” remove steady state tones transition range between 20 -1000Hz. Central & Regional Archives: and other disturbances, while minimizing the effects on i. Archival setups were provided with Computer vi. Key features of Digitization software/module are as VPI Declicker the rest of the audio program. This spectrogram shows follows: the last three seconds of playback history, where Servers (DELL R710), External SAN Storage DeClicker removes separately perceptible clicks from frequencies are mapped on the y-axis and time on the x- (DELL PS6100XV/ PS4100XV), Workstations for • Simultaneous capturing from up to eight devices on audio recordings. No sound coloration occurs during axis. Amplitudes of frequencies are displayed using the Digitization & Refurbishing, Tape-Library for LTO a single workstation. processing. The signal does not become dull or hollow color spectrum. The audio signal is displayed in a real- Backup & other accessories. • Modular combination of Tape, Turntable, Cassette, and the auditory space of the recording is maintained. time spectrogram as shown below: RDAT and 9-Pin devices. The module is capable of removing Clicks from ii. Cube-teck Digitization & Audio Refurbishing • Multi-Channel & Multi-Speed support. Software was finalized for implementation at LPs/EPs. It can also be used to remove the clicks • Real-time Audio Analysis & Error Report: Archive setups. originating due Digital audio synchronisation problems. AudioFile-Inspector / Digital ErrorChecker. VPI Declipper iii. Proposed Hardware setup at Central & Regional • Multiple output formats: BWF, MBWF, WAVE and Archives is given below: RF64. DeClipper is used to recover the loss of peak signals due • Comprehensive XML Metadata Import & Export. to clipping from recording over full-scale digital. • Multi-language Unicode support (UTF-16/UCS-2). (“Digital-Overs”). The module reconstructs the original • Comfortable UserManager with different layers of recording in the dynamic range of the original user permissions. recording. It also eliminates the distortion components ISCSI over Cat5e and the aliasing spectrum that might be created. vii. Typical setup of Audio Refurbishing setup is as follows: VPI Decrackler

ISCSI over Cat5e viii.The software has very powerful tools for Audio DeCrackler has been optimized to remove up to 8000 disturbances per second. A user can switch between four different detection algorithms, facilitating an even VPI Spectrapolator better adaptation to click problems. Spectrapolator provides spectrum-based interpolation VPI Zoom Analyser of the audio material. Typical applications include the The Zoom Analyzer is flexible spectral analysis tool for removal of coughs or ringing cell phones from live iv. Flow Diagram for Ingestion & access system is as the audio signal. recordings, among many others. The module has ability follows: to separately select the “time/frequency” region that

10 11 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 Strategy Finalised to Overcome Problems: Refurbishing system/ Audio quality enhancement. VPI Spectrograph Some of the software modules are discussed below: i. It was decided that Regional Archives shall be setup The SpectroGraph is a tool to clearly identify to look after the Local Language Audio Content. VPI Denoiser disturbances with continuous frequencies in audio Accordingly, regional Archival Setups were created signals, such as mains hum, pilot tones in broadcast DeNoiser is a broadband, single-ended noise reduction at Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai & Hyderabad in first signals, DC offset, etc. It is very useful in finding VPI that is optimized for real-time tape-hiss phase. Another Regional Archives has been frequency characteristics of instruments and harmonics, removal.While program is playing, the noise floor is proposed at Guwahati under future schemes. or to visualize the spectrum of the noise floor or a constantly analyzed, a large filter set is automatically signal's bandwidth. ii. It was decided to procure a server based system for created and shaped to the noise estimate contour. The Digitization, Ingest, on-line storage, meta-data filters' various properties (threshold, slopes, etc.) are VPI Spectrograph entry & random access/search of Archived Audio (Cubeworkflow, Quadriga etc. are Cube-teck Software Modules.) dynamically changed in real-time as the noise floor is DeScratcher is used to resolve large scratches up to 1000 material for Central & Regional Archives. tracked. A specific “noise signature” is not required – samples. Transient disturbances with a length of more v. Typical setup of Digitisation /Ingestion setup is as DeNoiser can differentiate between program and noise iii. A Standard categorization & Meta-data scheme was than 30 samples demand different audio algorithms than follows: components. Attenuation of broadband noise can be as finalized (by Programme wing of AIR) for short crackles. DeScratcher is optimized to carefully much as 20 dB. implementation at all archival setups. remove large scratches without destroying the audio AES/EBU Input Audio Ingest & Monitoring Professional CD Player Workstation with 2x RME AIO (Tascam CD-500B) VPI DeBuzz Program. iv. It was decided that Audio refurbishing sound Cards & Quadriga Digitalizatio software Refurbishing/cleaning & Quality Enhancement Analog Input DeBuzz is a single, high-slope filter, with no resonance VPI Repair Filter software shall be procured for Regional & central artifacts even when attenuating up to 100dB. The filter RepairFilter combines an intuitive analytical tool with archives centre. LP, Tape, Spool etc. can act as a high-pass, low-pass, bandpass or band-stop. four tracking notch filters and a high-pass/low-pass Professional Audio Dampening range is between -20 to -100dB, with a Implementation of Server based Archival system at Monitors filter set. It can “surgically” remove steady state tones transition range between 20 -1000Hz. Central & Regional Archives: and other disturbances, while minimizing the effects on i. Archival setups were provided with Computer vi. Key features of Digitization software/module are as VPI Declicker the rest of the audio program. This spectrogram shows follows: the last three seconds of playback history, where Servers (DELL R710), External SAN Storage DeClicker removes separately perceptible clicks from frequencies are mapped on the y-axis and time on the x- (DELL PS6100XV/ PS4100XV), Workstations for • Simultaneous capturing from up to eight devices on audio recordings. No sound coloration occurs during axis. Amplitudes of frequencies are displayed using the Digitization & Refurbishing, Tape-Library for LTO a single workstation. processing. The signal does not become dull or hollow color spectrum. The audio signal is displayed in a real- Backup & other accessories. • Modular combination of Tape, Turntable, Cassette, and the auditory space of the recording is maintained. time spectrogram as shown below: RDAT and 9-Pin devices. The module is capable of removing Clicks from ii. Cube-teck Digitization & Audio Refurbishing • Multi-Channel & Multi-Speed support. Software was finalized for implementation at LPs/EPs. It can also be used to remove the clicks • Real-time Audio Analysis & Error Report: Archive setups. originating due Digital audio synchronisation problems. AudioFile-Inspector / Digital ErrorChecker. VPI Declipper iii. Proposed Hardware setup at Central & Regional • Multiple output formats: BWF, MBWF, WAVE and Archives is given below: RF64. DeClipper is used to recover the loss of peak signals due • Comprehensive XML Metadata Import & Export. to clipping from recording over full-scale digital. • Multi-language Unicode support (UTF-16/UCS-2). (“Digital-Overs”). The module reconstructs the original • Comfortable UserManager with different layers of recording in the dynamic range of the original user permissions. recording. It also eliminates the distortion components ISCSI over Cat5e and the aliasing spectrum that might be created. vii. Typical setup of Audio Refurbishing setup is as follows: VPI Decrackler

10 11 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 requires interpolation, combined with a fast and ii. Various Archival centres shall be connected over accurate zoom function and unlimited undo. MPLS network for exchange of audio material. Standards for digital TV Some important stations of AIR shall also be ix. As a result of this Implementation of Server based allowed access to Archives so that they can use the Philip Laven Archival system at Central & Regional Archives, AIR's relevant archives material for production of new Archives is in position to ingest Archival material in file programme & broadcast of old classic programmes. format with proper meta-data entries. It would be (terrestrial) and DVB-C2 (cable), are deliberately possible to search the material on the basis of various iii. A central Datacentre shall be created at Delhi which incompatible with their predecessors (DVB-S, DVB-T meta-data fields resulting in easy access to material. It will consolidate all the Archive's Audio-Data at and DVB-C, respectively). In other words, a DVB-T would be possible to enhance quality of degraded central location. All the AIR stations shall be able to receiver would not be able to receive DVB-T2 material and commercially viable material can be access the Audio material available in this Data- broadcasts – but, because of the similarities of the two refurbished and made available for sale to General centres. standards, it was expected that DVB-T2 receivers would public. iv. A disaster recovery site shall be setup for this also be able to receive DVB-T broadcast. Such Future Roadmap Datacentre so that important Archival material shall decisions were not taken lightly, but they proved to be be safe from Natural Disasters. crucial decisions ensuring the ongoing success of DVB. i. Regional Archival centres shall be setup at more regional language AIR stations/hubs. In all of these cases, there was a long gap in time between the old and new standards (10 years between In the mid-1990s, DVB developed a family of DVB-S2 and DVB-S, 14 years between DVB-T2 and transmission standards for digital TV: DVB-S for DVB-T, 17 years between DVB-C2 and DVB-C). In About The Author satellite, DVB-C for cable and DVB-T for terrestrial. essence, DVB's second-generation standards are based All three of these basic standards are now widely used on technologies that were either too complicated or Jitender Pruthi is working as Director Engineering in Modernisation & around the world. Indeed, recent market research from expensive to use in low-cost consumer products when Replacement section of P&D Unit, DG:AIR. He is BE in Electronics & Screen Digest indicates that about 67% of the world's the first-generation standards were being developed – or Communications from Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi. He has vast digital TV receivers now use DVB's standards. simply had not been invented. experience of designing Radio studios & radio coverage of sports events. Currently, he is involved in Digitization of Studio network of AIR. One of the inherent problems with setting standards for In each case, the objective was to deliver a performance digital TV is that it involves freezing the choice of improvement of at least 30% compared with the first- technologies at a specific point in time: some promising generation standard. For example, in an 8 MHz channel technologies may have to be excluded because they are at a carrier-to-noise ratio of 17 dB, DVB-T can deliver immature or not yet proven, whilst others are simply too only 24 Mbit/s whereas DVB-T2 can deliver a data rate demanding (e.g. in terms of processing power or of 36 Mbit/s (a 50% improvement). Although memory requirements) to be included in mass-market consumers need to buy DVB-T2 receivers to receive the Advertisement Rates products. A few years later, these “promising” new services, it is relatively easy for broadcasters to BES REVIEW, being the only journal in India totally dedicated to Broadcasting, invites technologies may have become common-place, but upgrade their DVB-T transmitters to handle DVB-T2, advertisement for publication from the industries serving the broadcast media. The charges are as consumers would not be happy throwing away millions simply by installing a DVB-T2 modulator in place of the DVB-T modulator – all of the high-power transmitter given below : of “perfectly good” TV sets if the broadcasters decided to replace the “old” standard for digital TV with a “new components can be used for either DVB-T or DVB-T2. 1. Back Cover Colour Rs. 15000/- per issue and better” standard. One solution to this dilemma is to When DVB's second-generation standards were being 2. Inside Back/Front Covers Colour Rs. 12,000/- per issue ensure that any new standard is backwards-compatible developed, it was assumed that they would mainly be with the previous standard, as typified by the addition of used to upgrade existing digital TV services. For 3. Inside full page Colour Rs. 11,000/- per issue colour to monochrome TV. However, the requirement example, satellite operators were keen to use DVB-S2 in of backwards-compatibility is a very severe constraint The charges are for only one issue and the advertiser(s) must send positive of the advertisements along conjunction with MPEG-4 AVC video compression so on the performance of new standards. with requisit fee by Cheque/D.D. drawn in favour of Broadcast Engineering Society (India), payable at that they could deliver HDTV services. Of course, they could have delivered HDTV services using DVB-S and New Delhi to Hon. Secretary, Broadcast Engineering Society (India) 912, Surya Kiran Sooner or later, standards developers have to take the MPEG-2 video compression – but combining the Building, 19, K.G. Marg, New Delhi-110001 difficult step of abandoning backwards-compatibility. All of DVB's second-generation transmission introduction of DVB-S2 with MPEG-4 AVC standards, namely DVB-S2 (satellite), DVB-T2 dramatically reduced the transmission costs and,

12 13 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 requires interpolation, combined with a fast and ii. Various Archival centres shall be connected over accurate zoom function and unlimited undo. MPLS network for exchange of audio material. Standards for digital TV Some important stations of AIR shall also be ix. As a result of this Implementation of Server based allowed access to Archives so that they can use the Philip Laven Archival system at Central & Regional Archives, AIR's relevant archives material for production of new Archives is in position to ingest Archival material in file programme & broadcast of old classic programmes. format with proper meta-data entries. It would be (terrestrial) and DVB-C2 (cable), are deliberately possible to search the material on the basis of various iii. A central Datacentre shall be created at Delhi which incompatible with their predecessors (DVB-S, DVB-T meta-data fields resulting in easy access to material. It will consolidate all the Archive's Audio-Data at and DVB-C, respectively). In other words, a DVB-T would be possible to enhance quality of degraded central location. All the AIR stations shall be able to receiver would not be able to receive DVB-T2 material and commercially viable material can be access the Audio material available in this Data- broadcasts – but, because of the similarities of the two refurbished and made available for sale to General centres. standards, it was expected that DVB-T2 receivers would public. iv. A disaster recovery site shall be setup for this also be able to receive DVB-T broadcast. Such Future Roadmap Datacentre so that important Archival material shall decisions were not taken lightly, but they proved to be be safe from Natural Disasters. crucial decisions ensuring the ongoing success of DVB. i. Regional Archival centres shall be setup at more regional language AIR stations/hubs. In all of these cases, there was a long gap in time between the old and new standards (10 years between In the mid-1990s, DVB developed a family of DVB-S2 and DVB-S, 14 years between DVB-T2 and transmission standards for digital TV: DVB-S for DVB-T, 17 years between DVB-C2 and DVB-C). In About The Author satellite, DVB-C for cable and DVB-T for terrestrial. essence, DVB's second-generation standards are based All three of these basic standards are now widely used on technologies that were either too complicated or Jitender Pruthi is working as Director Engineering in Modernisation & around the world. Indeed, recent market research from expensive to use in low-cost consumer products when Replacement section of P&D Unit, DG:AIR. He is BE in Electronics & Screen Digest indicates that about 67% of the world's the first-generation standards were being developed – or Communications from Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi. He has vast digital TV receivers now use DVB's standards. simply had not been invented. experience of designing Radio studios & radio coverage of sports events. Currently, he is involved in Digitization of Studio network of AIR. One of the inherent problems with setting standards for In each case, the objective was to deliver a performance digital TV is that it involves freezing the choice of improvement of at least 30% compared with the first- technologies at a specific point in time: some promising generation standard. For example, in an 8 MHz channel technologies may have to be excluded because they are at a carrier-to-noise ratio of 17 dB, DVB-T can deliver immature or not yet proven, whilst others are simply too only 24 Mbit/s whereas DVB-T2 can deliver a data rate demanding (e.g. in terms of processing power or of 36 Mbit/s (a 50% improvement). Although memory requirements) to be included in mass-market consumers need to buy DVB-T2 receivers to receive the Advertisement Rates products. A few years later, these “promising” new services, it is relatively easy for broadcasters to BES REVIEW, being the only journal in India totally dedicated to Broadcasting, invites technologies may have become common-place, but upgrade their DVB-T transmitters to handle DVB-T2, advertisement for publication from the industries serving the broadcast media. The charges are as consumers would not be happy throwing away millions simply by installing a DVB-T2 modulator in place of the DVB-T modulator – all of the high-power transmitter given below : of “perfectly good” TV sets if the broadcasters decided to replace the “old” standard for digital TV with a “new components can be used for either DVB-T or DVB-T2. 1. Back Cover Colour Rs. 15000/- per issue and better” standard. One solution to this dilemma is to When DVB's second-generation standards were being 2. Inside Back/Front Covers Colour Rs. 12,000/- per issue ensure that any new standard is backwards-compatible developed, it was assumed that they would mainly be with the previous standard, as typified by the addition of used to upgrade existing digital TV services. For 3. Inside full page Colour Rs. 11,000/- per issue colour to monochrome TV. However, the requirement example, satellite operators were keen to use DVB-S2 in of backwards-compatibility is a very severe constraint The charges are for only one issue and the advertiser(s) must send positive of the advertisements along conjunction with MPEG-4 AVC video compression so on the performance of new standards. with requisit fee by Cheque/D.D. drawn in favour of Broadcast Engineering Society (India), payable at that they could deliver HDTV services. Of course, they could have delivered HDTV services using DVB-S and New Delhi to Hon. Secretary, Broadcast Engineering Society (India) 912, Surya Kiran Sooner or later, standards developers have to take the MPEG-2 video compression – but combining the Building, 19, K.G. Marg, New Delhi-110001 difficult step of abandoning backwards-compatibility. All of DVB's second-generation transmission introduction of DVB-S2 with MPEG-4 AVC standards, namely DVB-S2 (satellite), DVB-T2 dramatically reduced the transmission costs and,

12 13 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 consequently, transformed the economics of running few years. As such a migration would require devices were further addressed in November 2012 by a techniques, substantial and worthwhile benefits can be HDTV services. On the other hand, many developing completely new set-top boxes, it would be opportune to entirely new standard known as DVB-NGH (Next achieved. countries that had not yet started digital TV services upgrade DVB-S2 at the same time. For example, Generation Hand-held). Using DVB-T2 as its starting made the decision to miss out DVB-T and to launch although a gain of about 10% might not seem point, it includes many additional features designed to As DVB has just celebrated its 20th Anniversary, it is DVB-T2 services immediately. As a result of these worthwhile, it could permit 11 HDTV services to be give good performance on hand-held devices including appropriate to look back at DVB's history. As already “leapfrogging” initiatives, many countries are already transmitted using a single transponder rather than 10 MIMO (Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output), Time mentioned, DVB developed standards for satellite, providing DVB-T2 services, whilst several European HDTV services. Consequently, DVB is now exploring Frequency Slicing (TFS) with a single tuner, non- cable and terrestrial broadcasting. As an organisation, countries are unable to use DVB-T2 because of the how to achieve marginal improvements of DVB-S2 – uniform constellations, improved and extended LDPC DVB is therefore neutral on the question of “Which spectrum is still heavily-occupied by DVB-T services. which will probably not amount to a fully-fledged third- codes for lower code rates, more efficient time delivery system is the best?” Obviously, each of these generation standard. interleaving and ultra-robust layer-1 signalling. By delivery mechanisms has its advantages and It is interesting to reflect that neither ATSC nor ISDB-T combining these features, DVB-NGH offers disadvantages – and broadcasters needs to make their have yet developed second-generation standards – As further proof that technology does not stand still, unprecedented performance for delivery of video to own decisions about which system to implement. In the despite the launch of DVB's second-generation consider the example of DVB-T2, which was developed hand-held devices. early days of DVB, there were many people who felt that standards between 2003 and 2009. ATSC has just in 2009. The first broadcast services were launched in the future of broadcasting would be confined to satellite started the process of developing its own second- 2010 using MPEG-4 AVC video compression to deliver This work on DVB-NGH has triggered further novel and/or cable networks. Indeed, there were some who generation standard known as ATSC 3.0. (ATSC 2.0 5 HDTV services in 8 MHz channels. DVB-T2 has now proposals for enhancing DVB-T2's performance in objected to DVB developing a standard for terrestrial was a compatible enhancement of their original ATSC been adopted by more than 50 countries. Fuelled by this terms of delivery to rooftop antennas. MIMO can offer TV as that technology was considered to out-dated. In standard allowing delivery of non-real-time services.) success, there is growing interest in using the DVB-T2 significant benefits when the received C/N ratio is high fact, I vividly recall in the mid-1990s visiting various transmission system to deliver services to mobile and (as it can be with rooftop antennas), but the consumer electronics manufacturers to explain that the As Chairman of DVB, I am often asked “When DVB portable devices. Fortunately, DVB-T2 was not disadvantage is that it requires new receiving antennas BBC wanted to launch digital terrestrial TV. All too will produce its “third-generation” standards?” The designed as a single-purpose transmission standard: an and dual down-leads. This added complexity probably often, the response from the manufacturers was that we conventional wisdom has long been that it is not worth important feature is the powerful concept of multiple rules out the use of MIMO in practice because it negates were wasting our time: terrestrial TV was “on its way replacing millions of digital TVs or set-top boxes unless PLPs (Physical Layer Pipes) which allows operators to the current simplicity of digital terrestrial TV from the out”. a new standard offers an improvement of 30% or more optimize the transmission parameters for specific consumer's perspective. Nevertheless, even without over the previous standard. When DVB-S2 was transport streams targeting different types of users (e.g. MIMO, major improvements in performance (roughly Almost 20 years later, we can see that such predictions developed under the guidance of Ulrich Reimers as roof-top antennas, hand-held devices, mobile TV). In in the 50% to 100% range) can be achieved by adopting were very wrong. In some countries, such as Germany Chairman of DVB's Technical Module, he proudly 2011, the DVB-T2 standard was extended to cover a new modulation and coding techniques – such as non- and Belgium, digital terrestrial TV is used in less than declared that “As DVB-S2 is so close to the Shannon mode of operation known as T2-lite, which removes uniform constellations, time-frequency slicing and 10% of homes. However, in other countries, such as limit, DVB will never produce another standard for several features in the DVB-T2 standard (such as advanced network planning. Of course, these ideas are Spain, Italy, France and the UK, digital terrestrial TV is satellite broadcasting.” As the Shannon limit defines reception of high data rate services and various options not compatible with existing DVB-T2 services – but still the dominant delivery mechanism. Personally, I the maximum possible data capacity of a transmission used only for services to stationary receivers), thus such incompatibility is the necessary price for such expect that the audience share for digital terrestrial TV channel at a given carrier-to-noise ratio, there does not reducing the complexity and power consumption of improvements in performance. This ongoing work in will decline in next 10-20 years because consumers will seem to be much point in arguing with that viewpoint DVB T2-lite receivers. However, the T2-lite profile DVB illustrates the continuing inventiveness of be attracted by bundled packages of TV, video-on- since it would not be possible to improve DVB-S2 by also adds a few new features that are attractive for engineers, as well as the impossibility of permanently demand, broadband and mobile services offered by 30%. mobile and portable services, such as very robust code freezing standards for digital TV. satellite, cable and broadband operators. Nevertheless, rates (1/3 and 2/5). The intention is that DVB-T2 we must acknowledge that many consumers are happy Several interesting ideas have recently emerged that It is also important to understand that improvements to with the range of free-to-air services provided by digital would give considerable gains in performance at high services and DVB-T2-lite services will co-exist as separate PLPs in a single multiplex. Receivers designed existing standards are achieved by a combination of terrestrial TV. As an example, the UK regulator Ofcom and very low C/N ratios, which could be beneficial for several technologies. Although all of DVB's second- has published forecasts suggesting that, in 2020, the various professional applications of DVB-S2, such as for the earlier version of DVB-T2 cannot receive some DVB-T2-lite transmissions, but the latest DVB-T2 generation standards use the very powerful error- primary TV sets in about 40% of UK homes would still for satellite news-gathering and data services. At correction scheme known as Low-Density Parity Codes be dependent on digital terrestrial TV – and noted that intermediate C/N ratios (i.e. corresponding to typical chipsets include the ability to receive DVB-T2-lite (formally known as version 1.3.1 of the DVB-T2 (LDPC), they include many other techniques that this figure would be much higher (75%?) if secondary values for direct-to-home services), the current improve performance by, perhaps, 2 or 3% compared sets were taken into account. Similar trends are indications are that relatively modest gains (e.g. 10%) standard). Consequently, the option to offer DVB-T2- lite services is especially interesting in those countries with the previous version. For example, a 4.2% noticeable outside Europe, especially in countries that can be expected, thus apparently confirming the increase in usable bandwidth is possible when DVB-T2 have announced plans to switch off their analogue TV prediction by Ulrich Reimers. Even so, some operators where DVB-T2 transmissions to rooftop antennas are about to start. is used in the 32k FFT extended mode, yet the DVB-T2 services – in such cases, it is only natural that consumers of satellite TV services are planning to migrate to HEVC transmission still operates within the spectrum mask should look for a direct-replacement in the form of video compression and, perhaps, to UHDTV in the next The specific requirements of mobile and portable used for DVB-T. By combining several such digital terrestrial TV that uses the existing roof-top or

14 15 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 consequently, transformed the economics of running few years. As such a migration would require devices were further addressed in November 2012 by a techniques, substantial and worthwhile benefits can be HDTV services. On the other hand, many developing completely new set-top boxes, it would be opportune to entirely new standard known as DVB-NGH (Next achieved. countries that had not yet started digital TV services upgrade DVB-S2 at the same time. For example, Generation Hand-held). Using DVB-T2 as its starting made the decision to miss out DVB-T and to launch although a gain of about 10% might not seem point, it includes many additional features designed to As DVB has just celebrated its 20th Anniversary, it is DVB-T2 services immediately. As a result of these worthwhile, it could permit 11 HDTV services to be give good performance on hand-held devices including appropriate to look back at DVB's history. As already “leapfrogging” initiatives, many countries are already transmitted using a single transponder rather than 10 MIMO (Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output), Time mentioned, DVB developed standards for satellite, providing DVB-T2 services, whilst several European HDTV services. Consequently, DVB is now exploring Frequency Slicing (TFS) with a single tuner, non- cable and terrestrial broadcasting. As an organisation, countries are unable to use DVB-T2 because of the how to achieve marginal improvements of DVB-S2 – uniform constellations, improved and extended LDPC DVB is therefore neutral on the question of “Which spectrum is still heavily-occupied by DVB-T services. which will probably not amount to a fully-fledged third- codes for lower code rates, more efficient time delivery system is the best?” Obviously, each of these generation standard. interleaving and ultra-robust layer-1 signalling. By delivery mechanisms has its advantages and It is interesting to reflect that neither ATSC nor ISDB-T combining these features, DVB-NGH offers disadvantages – and broadcasters needs to make their have yet developed second-generation standards – As further proof that technology does not stand still, unprecedented performance for delivery of video to own decisions about which system to implement. In the despite the launch of DVB's second-generation consider the example of DVB-T2, which was developed hand-held devices. early days of DVB, there were many people who felt that standards between 2003 and 2009. ATSC has just in 2009. The first broadcast services were launched in the future of broadcasting would be confined to satellite started the process of developing its own second- 2010 using MPEG-4 AVC video compression to deliver This work on DVB-NGH has triggered further novel and/or cable networks. Indeed, there were some who generation standard known as ATSC 3.0. (ATSC 2.0 5 HDTV services in 8 MHz channels. DVB-T2 has now proposals for enhancing DVB-T2's performance in objected to DVB developing a standard for terrestrial was a compatible enhancement of their original ATSC been adopted by more than 50 countries. Fuelled by this terms of delivery to rooftop antennas. MIMO can offer TV as that technology was considered to out-dated. In standard allowing delivery of non-real-time services.) success, there is growing interest in using the DVB-T2 significant benefits when the received C/N ratio is high fact, I vividly recall in the mid-1990s visiting various transmission system to deliver services to mobile and (as it can be with rooftop antennas), but the consumer electronics manufacturers to explain that the As Chairman of DVB, I am often asked “When DVB portable devices. Fortunately, DVB-T2 was not disadvantage is that it requires new receiving antennas BBC wanted to launch digital terrestrial TV. All too will produce its “third-generation” standards?” The designed as a single-purpose transmission standard: an and dual down-leads. This added complexity probably often, the response from the manufacturers was that we conventional wisdom has long been that it is not worth important feature is the powerful concept of multiple rules out the use of MIMO in practice because it negates were wasting our time: terrestrial TV was “on its way replacing millions of digital TVs or set-top boxes unless PLPs (Physical Layer Pipes) which allows operators to the current simplicity of digital terrestrial TV from the out”. a new standard offers an improvement of 30% or more optimize the transmission parameters for specific consumer's perspective. Nevertheless, even without over the previous standard. When DVB-S2 was transport streams targeting different types of users (e.g. MIMO, major improvements in performance (roughly Almost 20 years later, we can see that such predictions developed under the guidance of Ulrich Reimers as roof-top antennas, hand-held devices, mobile TV). In in the 50% to 100% range) can be achieved by adopting were very wrong. In some countries, such as Germany Chairman of DVB's Technical Module, he proudly 2011, the DVB-T2 standard was extended to cover a new modulation and coding techniques – such as non- and Belgium, digital terrestrial TV is used in less than declared that “As DVB-S2 is so close to the Shannon mode of operation known as T2-lite, which removes uniform constellations, time-frequency slicing and 10% of homes. However, in other countries, such as limit, DVB will never produce another standard for several features in the DVB-T2 standard (such as advanced network planning. Of course, these ideas are Spain, Italy, France and the UK, digital terrestrial TV is satellite broadcasting.” As the Shannon limit defines reception of high data rate services and various options not compatible with existing DVB-T2 services – but still the dominant delivery mechanism. Personally, I the maximum possible data capacity of a transmission used only for services to stationary receivers), thus such incompatibility is the necessary price for such expect that the audience share for digital terrestrial TV channel at a given carrier-to-noise ratio, there does not reducing the complexity and power consumption of improvements in performance. This ongoing work in will decline in next 10-20 years because consumers will seem to be much point in arguing with that viewpoint DVB T2-lite receivers. However, the T2-lite profile DVB illustrates the continuing inventiveness of be attracted by bundled packages of TV, video-on- since it would not be possible to improve DVB-S2 by also adds a few new features that are attractive for engineers, as well as the impossibility of permanently demand, broadband and mobile services offered by 30%. mobile and portable services, such as very robust code freezing standards for digital TV. satellite, cable and broadband operators. Nevertheless, rates (1/3 and 2/5). The intention is that DVB-T2 we must acknowledge that many consumers are happy Several interesting ideas have recently emerged that It is also important to understand that improvements to with the range of free-to-air services provided by digital would give considerable gains in performance at high services and DVB-T2-lite services will co-exist as separate PLPs in a single multiplex. Receivers designed existing standards are achieved by a combination of terrestrial TV. As an example, the UK regulator Ofcom and very low C/N ratios, which could be beneficial for several technologies. Although all of DVB's second- has published forecasts suggesting that, in 2020, the various professional applications of DVB-S2, such as for the earlier version of DVB-T2 cannot receive some DVB-T2-lite transmissions, but the latest DVB-T2 generation standards use the very powerful error- primary TV sets in about 40% of UK homes would still for satellite news-gathering and data services. At correction scheme known as Low-Density Parity Codes be dependent on digital terrestrial TV – and noted that intermediate C/N ratios (i.e. corresponding to typical chipsets include the ability to receive DVB-T2-lite (formally known as version 1.3.1 of the DVB-T2 (LDPC), they include many other techniques that this figure would be much higher (75%?) if secondary values for direct-to-home services), the current improve performance by, perhaps, 2 or 3% compared sets were taken into account. Similar trends are indications are that relatively modest gains (e.g. 10%) standard). Consequently, the option to offer DVB-T2- lite services is especially interesting in those countries with the previous version. For example, a 4.2% noticeable outside Europe, especially in countries that can be expected, thus apparently confirming the increase in usable bandwidth is possible when DVB-T2 have announced plans to switch off their analogue TV prediction by Ulrich Reimers. Even so, some operators where DVB-T2 transmissions to rooftop antennas are about to start. is used in the 32k FFT extended mode, yet the DVB-T2 services – in such cases, it is only natural that consumers of satellite TV services are planning to migrate to HEVC transmission still operates within the spectrum mask should look for a direct-replacement in the form of video compression and, perhaps, to UHDTV in the next The specific requirements of mobile and portable used for DVB-T. By combining several such digital terrestrial TV that uses the existing roof-top or

14 15 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 set-top receiving antennas. Of course, adoption of benefit in, for example, Europe and North America which are expected to become ubiquitous in the next 5- Although the prospect of a global standard is very digital terrestrial TV is helped by the fact that TV sets are agreeing on a harmonized standard. Today, that 10 years. This important market needs to be addressed attractive from many different viewpoints, it would be inevitably able to receive DVB-T and, often, DVB-T2. argument is seen to be a flimsy excuse for the “not by the next generation of digital terrestrial TV, hopefully unrealistic to expect that success will be easily achieved. Another important factor favouring digital terrestrial invented here” syndrome because we now have portable using a single global standard. Nevertheless, as a global body, FOBTV is able to benefit TV is the expectation of consumers that most of the devices, such as tablets and smart-phones that can from the unrivalled expertise of many individuals services will be broadcast free-to-air. display TV pictures and are frequently moved from At the same time, many experts expect that UHDTV will around the world. There is a huge amount of good will continent to continent. Members of the public like the emerge as a viable technology in the next few years: 4k inside FOBTV, accompanied by the determination to do Digital terrestrial TV is under considerable pressure idea of being able to receive TV programmes anywhere demonstration services and 4k displays are already something that many people previously considered to be because it uses parts of the radio spectrum that are very – ideally on their tablets and smart-phones. However, as available. Given the pressure to use terrestrial spectrum impossible. So far, the signs are encouraging. attractive for mobile communications. Given the such devices are manufactured for a global market, efficiently, it seems likely that the first broadcast exponential growth in demand for mobile services, it is manufacturers are reluctant to include the ability to applications of 4k will be based on satellite, cable or FOBTV is a voluntary, non-profit association that is obvious that broadcasters will be forced to use less receive all of the existing digital TV standards on these broadband. However, it would be regrettable if digital open to any organization that signs the MOU which is spectrum in the future – and required to demonstrate that devices. The obvious solution would be a global terrestrial TV were denied the opportunity to deliver 4k available at www.fobtv.org. they are using the spectrum efficiently (i.e. by using the standard for digital terrestrial TV. Given the history of services. latest transmission technologies and video compression fierce competition and fragmented markets, is there any systems). This implies that those broadcasters that are hope of a global standard? currently operating DVB-T transmissions using MPEG- About The Author 2 compression will come under increasing pressure to Surprisingly, all of the organisations responsible for the convert to DVB-T2 and MPEG-4 AVC. Looking even existing range of digital standards have come together in Philip Laven is Chairman of DVB and the FOBTV initiative. Between 1997 further ahead, broadcasters may need to use HEVC a group called FOBTV which has set itself a very and 2007, he was Technical Director of the European Broadcasting Union based compression. Of course, such digital switchovers are challenging goal – that of getting global agreement on in Geneva, Switzerland. Before joining the EBU, he worked for the BBC in similar to analogue switch-off in that consumers need the next-generation standard for digital terrestrial various senior posts including Chief Engineer R&D and Controller of to replace their existing receivers or set-top boxes. It is television. Given the long history of regional standards, Engineering Policy. therefore absolutely essential that broadcasters should FOBTV clearly plans to “achieve the impossible”. establish a clear plan and develop mechanisms to inform the public about the timetable for digital switchover. FOBTV's founding members are ATSC (North America); CBC (Canada); Communications Research I am aware that I have still not given a direct answer to Center (Canada); DVB (Europe); EBU (Europe); ETRI the question of when will DVB deliver its third- (South Korea); Globo TV Network (Brazil); IEEE generation standards. The reason for my reticence is Broadcast Technology Society; NAB (USA); NERC- Editorial Guidelines for BES Review that nobody really knows! Of the 11 submissions made DTV (China); NHK (Japan); PBS (USA) and SET 1. Article should not exceed 3000 words. For book/website/ Conference Reviews, the word limit is in response to the ATSC 3.0 process, most are based on (Brazil). To date, FOBTV has about 70 members from 1000. Longer Articles may be considered in exceptional cases. DVB-T2. This does not necessarily mean that ATSC around the world. will adopt DVB-T2 as the core technology for ATSC 2. Articles/reviews can be sent by e-mail at [email protected] or by post to The Editor, BES Review, Broadcast Engineering Society (India) 912 Surya Kiran Building, 19 K.G. Marg, 3.0, but it does demonstrates the technical strength of The participants in the FOBTV process recognize that New Delhi-110001, India. DVB-T2 – as well as the willingness of ATSC to the spectrum efficiency of terrestrial TV needs to be consider proposals from DVB. In any event, it is clear improved: firstly, to help to justify the continued use of 3. Relevant figures/ tables/ photographs should be sent in hard copies preferably in 5’X7’ size, soft that ATSC would not want to be limited to the DVB-T2 valuable spectrum and, secondly, to ensure that digital copies in 300dpi or with better resolution. terrestrial TV will still be a viable proposition if much of specification as developed in 2009. 4. Passport size photograph and brief bio-data of the author(s) must be enclosed with the article. the spectrum used today is reallocated to other services. One important development in the last few years is that This means that FOBTV must identify the technologies 5. For book reviews please mention the title, name of the author(s), publisher(s), year of publication, many people now regret the fragmentation of standards that offer the best performance in terms of modulation, price, number of pages and a photograph of the cover. for digital TV. The transition from analogue to digital multiplexing and video compression. 6. In case of conference/ workshop/ seminar reviews, please mention the theme, venue, date and name offered an opportunity to sweep away the confusing of the organizer. Please send photographs of conference/ workshop/seminar. The conference held in mixture of regional or national standards. It could be Digital terrestrial TV has a crucial competitive past 3 months of the forthcoming issue will be preferred. argued that TV sets were rarely moved between rooms advantage over satellite, cable and fixed broadband networks in that it can deliver video services to portable 7. The editor reserves the right to reject, edit and adjust articles in order to conform to the format of the in the same home – let alone moved to other countries. Review. Consequently, it was argued that there was no real and mobile devices (e.g. tablets and smart-phones)

16 6117 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 set-top receiving antennas. Of course, adoption of benefit in, for example, Europe and North America which are expected to become ubiquitous in the next 5- Although the prospect of a global standard is very digital terrestrial TV is helped by the fact that TV sets are agreeing on a harmonized standard. Today, that 10 years. This important market needs to be addressed attractive from many different viewpoints, it would be inevitably able to receive DVB-T and, often, DVB-T2. argument is seen to be a flimsy excuse for the “not by the next generation of digital terrestrial TV, hopefully unrealistic to expect that success will be easily achieved. Another important factor favouring digital terrestrial invented here” syndrome because we now have portable using a single global standard. Nevertheless, as a global body, FOBTV is able to benefit TV is the expectation of consumers that most of the devices, such as tablets and smart-phones that can from the unrivalled expertise of many individuals services will be broadcast free-to-air. display TV pictures and are frequently moved from At the same time, many experts expect that UHDTV will around the world. There is a huge amount of good will continent to continent. Members of the public like the emerge as a viable technology in the next few years: 4k inside FOBTV, accompanied by the determination to do Digital terrestrial TV is under considerable pressure idea of being able to receive TV programmes anywhere demonstration services and 4k displays are already something that many people previously considered to be because it uses parts of the radio spectrum that are very – ideally on their tablets and smart-phones. However, as available. Given the pressure to use terrestrial spectrum impossible. So far, the signs are encouraging. attractive for mobile communications. Given the such devices are manufactured for a global market, efficiently, it seems likely that the first broadcast exponential growth in demand for mobile services, it is manufacturers are reluctant to include the ability to applications of 4k will be based on satellite, cable or FOBTV is a voluntary, non-profit association that is obvious that broadcasters will be forced to use less receive all of the existing digital TV standards on these broadband. However, it would be regrettable if digital open to any organization that signs the MOU which is spectrum in the future – and required to demonstrate that devices. The obvious solution would be a global terrestrial TV were denied the opportunity to deliver 4k available at www.fobtv.org. they are using the spectrum efficiently (i.e. by using the standard for digital terrestrial TV. Given the history of services. latest transmission technologies and video compression fierce competition and fragmented markets, is there any systems). This implies that those broadcasters that are hope of a global standard? currently operating DVB-T transmissions using MPEG- About The Author 2 compression will come under increasing pressure to Surprisingly, all of the organisations responsible for the convert to DVB-T2 and MPEG-4 AVC. Looking even existing range of digital standards have come together in Philip Laven is Chairman of DVB and the FOBTV initiative. Between 1997 further ahead, broadcasters may need to use HEVC a group called FOBTV which has set itself a very and 2007, he was Technical Director of the European Broadcasting Union based compression. Of course, such digital switchovers are challenging goal – that of getting global agreement on in Geneva, Switzerland. Before joining the EBU, he worked for the BBC in similar to analogue switch-off in that consumers need the next-generation standard for digital terrestrial various senior posts including Chief Engineer R&D and Controller of to replace their existing receivers or set-top boxes. It is television. Given the long history of regional standards, Engineering Policy. therefore absolutely essential that broadcasters should FOBTV clearly plans to “achieve the impossible”. establish a clear plan and develop mechanisms to inform the public about the timetable for digital switchover. FOBTV's founding members are ATSC (North America); CBC (Canada); Communications Research I am aware that I have still not given a direct answer to Center (Canada); DVB (Europe); EBU (Europe); ETRI the question of when will DVB deliver its third- (South Korea); Globo TV Network (Brazil); IEEE generation standards. The reason for my reticence is Broadcast Technology Society; NAB (USA); NERC- Editorial Guidelines for BES Review that nobody really knows! Of the 11 submissions made DTV (China); NHK (Japan); PBS (USA) and SET 1. Article should not exceed 3000 words. For book/website/ Conference Reviews, the word limit is in response to the ATSC 3.0 process, most are based on (Brazil). To date, FOBTV has about 70 members from 1000. Longer Articles may be considered in exceptional cases. DVB-T2. This does not necessarily mean that ATSC around the world. will adopt DVB-T2 as the core technology for ATSC 2. Articles/reviews can be sent by e-mail at [email protected] or by post to The Editor, BES Review, Broadcast Engineering Society (India) 912 Surya Kiran Building, 19 K.G. Marg, 3.0, but it does demonstrates the technical strength of The participants in the FOBTV process recognize that New Delhi-110001, India. DVB-T2 – as well as the willingness of ATSC to the spectrum efficiency of terrestrial TV needs to be consider proposals from DVB. In any event, it is clear improved: firstly, to help to justify the continued use of 3. Relevant figures/ tables/ photographs should be sent in hard copies preferably in 5’X7’ size, soft that ATSC would not want to be limited to the DVB-T2 valuable spectrum and, secondly, to ensure that digital copies in 300dpi or with better resolution. terrestrial TV will still be a viable proposition if much of specification as developed in 2009. 4. Passport size photograph and brief bio-data of the author(s) must be enclosed with the article. the spectrum used today is reallocated to other services. One important development in the last few years is that This means that FOBTV must identify the technologies 5. For book reviews please mention the title, name of the author(s), publisher(s), year of publication, many people now regret the fragmentation of standards that offer the best performance in terms of modulation, price, number of pages and a photograph of the cover. for digital TV. The transition from analogue to digital multiplexing and video compression. 6. In case of conference/ workshop/ seminar reviews, please mention the theme, venue, date and name offered an opportunity to sweep away the confusing of the organizer. Please send photographs of conference/ workshop/seminar. The conference held in mixture of regional or national standards. It could be Digital terrestrial TV has a crucial competitive past 3 months of the forthcoming issue will be preferred. argued that TV sets were rarely moved between rooms advantage over satellite, cable and fixed broadband networks in that it can deliver video services to portable 7. The editor reserves the right to reject, edit and adjust articles in order to conform to the format of the in the same home – let alone moved to other countries. Review. Consequently, it was argued that there was no real and mobile devices (e.g. tablets and smart-phones)

16 6117 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 Technology capacity for best results. DRM/DRM + The transmission technology involves multi carrier · Guard Interval: In a broadcast channel there is digital modulation. Hundreds of digital carriers are always a possibility of multipath reception in a radio multiplexed in the RF Band Width allowed for the receiver. As the signals can reach a radio receiver The Future of Radio particular transmission. These carriers are modulated through different routes. This will result in inter I. I. George both in amplitude and phase in a predetermined manner symbol interference which will increase the error in using QAM. The digital data which includes the audio the received data. In order to prevent this, a Introduction The Objectives of DRM and ancillary data are coded by different source coders technique known as guard interval is introduced in every symbol of transmission. The duration of this World over telecommunication has gone digital. • Significant improvement in audio quality and and then multiplexed before feeding to a channel coder. interval can be varied by estimating the time delay in However, radio was lagging behind due to various reliability The encoded data is then mapped on to COFDM. The mapped data are then converted to amplitude and phase the path of transmitter and receiver. reasons, the most important being the availability of • Simplified usage of radio receiver using menu signals which then modulated on to a carrier for · Pilot carrier: To establish error free digital digital radios. This has affected broadcasting driven features worldwide. To overcome these shortfalls in digital transmission. This technique is similar to many other transmission and reception it is necessary to radio transmission, the broadcaster's equipment, • Compatibility with existing broadcast spectrum digital transmission technologies involved in other estimate the channel characteristics. For this manufacturers and service providers came together on a branches of telecommunication. To optimize the purpose pilot carriers are distributed and placed in • Easy migration from analog to digital using channel parameters for the best reception, various common platform to develop a non-proprietary digital simulcast the time frequency domain of the transmission. radio standard for the entire world and named it as techniques like, “cell interleaving”, “guard interval”, These fixed pilot positions will enable the digital “Digital Radio Mondiale”. This is a free technology • Capability to expand more features by using “pilot carrier insertion” are employed. These radio receiver to identify the characteristics of the developed by DRM Consortium which can be adopted extended RF bandwidth techniques are discussed in detail in the following channel path and suitably adjust its receiver decoder paragraphs. by broadcasters throughout the world. Though there are • Use of the existing broadcast infrastructure with so that a more error free reception can be achieved. Pilot cells are normally boosted to a higher power other competing digital radio transmitting technologies, minimum conversion • OFDM : Orthogonal Frequency Division level, may be up to 3 dB with respect to other like IBOC (In Band On Channel), ISDB(T) (Integrated Multiplexing is a well known technology in digital • Single frequency networking carriers to ensure that these are definitely reaching Services Digital Broadcast), DMB (Digital Multimedia transmission. Large number of subcarriers is the receiver for better synchronisation and channel Broadcasting), etc, other technologies were developed • Develop low cost radio receivers for mass inserted in the spectrum and each carrier can estimation. independently by some nations. The DRM came out as separately carry few bits of data which in turn makes a worldwide standard due to the free technology. Features a large number. In order to prevent inter-carrier Source Coding DRM is not new now as it is already adopted by many DRM radio transmission will have the following interference, each subcarrier are separated and The data to be transmitted consists of the audio, broadcasters and being adopted by many others. The features. placed orthogonally. This will ensure that hundreds ancillary data like PAD, data services like weather technology is getting matured for a smooth transition • Electronic programme guide for the listeners to of carriers co-exist in a small band width of the information, etc. which are ultimately used by the from analog to digital. Initially DRM was meant for the select the programme of choice without knowing its transmitter. listener. Besides there are other sources of data which RF band below 30 MHz, like LF, MW, SW. However frequency or transmitter • QAM : Quadrature Amplitude Modulation is a type are not directly used by the listener but is required for the due to successful introduction of this technology and its • Multiple programme (up to 3 or 4) on a single of modulation involving both amplitude as well as digital receiver to demodulate and decode. Coding of acceptance by ITU the DRM Consortium decided to transmitter using one central frequency phase modulation of each subcarrier. By choosing a these different sources of data is generally known as extent the band for DRM up to VHF band III. This number of levels in both phase and amplitude, we source coding. Let us now discuss the coding of audio extended band of DRM operation was initially named as • Programme associated data of every programme can have number of QAM points in a constellation. data. As is well known, an audio frequency consisting DRM+. Now it is widely accepted that DRM means it will be displayed on the receiver DRM uses 16 QAM and 64 QAM in different modes of frequencies from 20 HZ to 20 kHZ when digitalised covers the broadcasting spectrum from LF to VHF Band • Ancillary data like weather, stock market of operation. Obviously a 64 QAM signal will carry will have a data rate of approximately 1.5 Mbits for a III, and there is no separation like DRM and DRM+. information, journaline. etc. 6 bits of data whereas a 16 QAM signal carries 4 bits stereo channel. It would not be possible to transmit the of data. The higher the level of modulation the more This write up covers the DRM technology, its features, • Disaster warning messages entire data of 1.5Mbits which will require a huge the bits can be transmitted, which in turn increases the system architecture, the source coding, and • Multiple modes of transmission to suite the bandwidth for the transmitter. Hence the audio data is bandwidth efficiency. However increased BW transmission chain and system requirements. Most of conditions of radio broadcast to optimize the coded or compressed to very low bit rate depending on efficiency will be at the cost of more number of these details are available in the literature form already transmission parameters for satisfactory reception the quality required. Following technologies are used errors while receiving due to the proximity of QAM available but an effort has been made to give it in a for audio source coding in DRM. • Different qualities of programme like mono, stereo, cells in a disturbed broadcast medium. Hence it is a concised manner. and 5.1 surround sound in FM bands trade of between BW efficiency and the data • CELP, Code Excited Linear Prediction which is

18 19 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 Technology capacity for best results. DRM/DRM + The transmission technology involves multi carrier · Guard Interval: In a broadcast channel there is digital modulation. Hundreds of digital carriers are always a possibility of multipath reception in a radio multiplexed in the RF Band Width allowed for the receiver. As the signals can reach a radio receiver The Future of Radio particular transmission. These carriers are modulated through different routes. This will result in inter I. I. George both in amplitude and phase in a predetermined manner symbol interference which will increase the error in using QAM. The digital data which includes the audio the received data. In order to prevent this, a Introduction The Objectives of DRM and ancillary data are coded by different source coders technique known as guard interval is introduced in every symbol of transmission. The duration of this World over telecommunication has gone digital. • Significant improvement in audio quality and and then multiplexed before feeding to a channel coder. interval can be varied by estimating the time delay in However, radio was lagging behind due to various reliability The encoded data is then mapped on to COFDM. The mapped data are then converted to amplitude and phase the path of transmitter and receiver. reasons, the most important being the availability of • Simplified usage of radio receiver using menu signals which then modulated on to a carrier for · Pilot carrier: To establish error free digital digital radios. This has affected broadcasting driven features worldwide. To overcome these shortfalls in digital transmission. This technique is similar to many other transmission and reception it is necessary to radio transmission, the broadcaster's equipment, • Compatibility with existing broadcast spectrum digital transmission technologies involved in other estimate the channel characteristics. For this manufacturers and service providers came together on a branches of telecommunication. To optimize the purpose pilot carriers are distributed and placed in • Easy migration from analog to digital using channel parameters for the best reception, various common platform to develop a non-proprietary digital simulcast the time frequency domain of the transmission. radio standard for the entire world and named it as techniques like, “cell interleaving”, “guard interval”, These fixed pilot positions will enable the digital “Digital Radio Mondiale”. This is a free technology • Capability to expand more features by using “pilot carrier insertion” are employed. These radio receiver to identify the characteristics of the developed by DRM Consortium which can be adopted extended RF bandwidth techniques are discussed in detail in the following channel path and suitably adjust its receiver decoder paragraphs. by broadcasters throughout the world. Though there are • Use of the existing broadcast infrastructure with so that a more error free reception can be achieved. Pilot cells are normally boosted to a higher power other competing digital radio transmitting technologies, minimum conversion • OFDM : Orthogonal Frequency Division level, may be up to 3 dB with respect to other like IBOC (In Band On Channel), ISDB(T) (Integrated Multiplexing is a well known technology in digital • Single frequency networking carriers to ensure that these are definitely reaching Services Digital Broadcast), DMB (Digital Multimedia transmission. Large number of subcarriers is the receiver for better synchronisation and channel Broadcasting), etc, other technologies were developed • Develop low cost radio receivers for mass inserted in the spectrum and each carrier can estimation. independently by some nations. The DRM came out as separately carry few bits of data which in turn makes a worldwide standard due to the free technology. Features a large number. In order to prevent inter-carrier Source Coding DRM is not new now as it is already adopted by many DRM radio transmission will have the following interference, each subcarrier are separated and The data to be transmitted consists of the audio, broadcasters and being adopted by many others. The features. placed orthogonally. This will ensure that hundreds ancillary data like PAD, data services like weather technology is getting matured for a smooth transition • Electronic programme guide for the listeners to of carriers co-exist in a small band width of the information, etc. which are ultimately used by the from analog to digital. Initially DRM was meant for the select the programme of choice without knowing its transmitter. listener. Besides there are other sources of data which RF band below 30 MHz, like LF, MW, SW. However frequency or transmitter • QAM : Quadrature Amplitude Modulation is a type are not directly used by the listener but is required for the due to successful introduction of this technology and its • Multiple programme (up to 3 or 4) on a single of modulation involving both amplitude as well as digital receiver to demodulate and decode. Coding of acceptance by ITU the DRM Consortium decided to transmitter using one central frequency phase modulation of each subcarrier. By choosing a these different sources of data is generally known as extent the band for DRM up to VHF band III. This number of levels in both phase and amplitude, we source coding. Let us now discuss the coding of audio extended band of DRM operation was initially named as • Programme associated data of every programme can have number of QAM points in a constellation. data. As is well known, an audio frequency consisting DRM+. Now it is widely accepted that DRM means it will be displayed on the receiver DRM uses 16 QAM and 64 QAM in different modes of frequencies from 20 HZ to 20 kHZ when digitalised covers the broadcasting spectrum from LF to VHF Band • Ancillary data like weather, stock market of operation. Obviously a 64 QAM signal will carry will have a data rate of approximately 1.5 Mbits for a III, and there is no separation like DRM and DRM+. information, journaline. etc. 6 bits of data whereas a 16 QAM signal carries 4 bits stereo channel. It would not be possible to transmit the of data. The higher the level of modulation the more This write up covers the DRM technology, its features, • Disaster warning messages entire data of 1.5Mbits which will require a huge the bits can be transmitted, which in turn increases the system architecture, the source coding, and • Multiple modes of transmission to suite the bandwidth for the transmitter. Hence the audio data is bandwidth efficiency. However increased BW transmission chain and system requirements. Most of conditions of radio broadcast to optimize the coded or compressed to very low bit rate depending on efficiency will be at the cost of more number of these details are available in the literature form already transmission parameters for satisfactory reception the quality required. Following technologies are used errors while receiving due to the proximity of QAM available but an effort has been made to give it in a for audio source coding in DRM. • Different qualities of programme like mono, stereo, cells in a disturbed broadcast medium. Hence it is a concised manner. and 5.1 surround sound in FM bands trade of between BW efficiency and the data • CELP, Code Excited Linear Prediction which is

18 19 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 mainly used for speech broadcasting like news and coding, Reed Solomon Coding etc. are the most current affairs and will have a low bit rate from 2 common coding techniques to prevent random errors. kbps to 8 kbps. This is a very low bit rate coder Burst error occurs in a different manner due to large which can be used for multiplexing number of disturbances in the channel of transmission. This programmes in a single transmitter. affects a large number of bits in a series and would affect • AAC, Advanced Audio Coding is used for high the reception very badly. In order to prevent occurrence quality audio, mainly for music purpose and can of burst error cell inter leaving is employed so that the have variable bit rates between 8 kbps to 48 kbps. continuous data is distributed over a period of time and This is a subset of MPEG – 4. This AAC is most placing them in different OFDM symbols. This will commonly used in DRM for better audio quality prevent losses of large volume of continuous data so that including stereo for a reasonable bit rate. the service is not disturbed. Coding rates are determined depending on the service requirements or • CELP+ SBR Spectral Band Replication is a the mode of operation. If the channel is highly disturbed technique used for enhancing the fidelity of audio by like fading, a higher rate of coding is employed. The extrapolation of the base band, at the same time higher the coding, the lower the useful data. This is due Framing the Data reducing the actual bit rate by sending envelope to the fact that more number of bits is allocated for information of audio base band. This is a very coding. Hence the coding rate can be changed as per All the above 3 channels, viz. MSC, FAC, SDC are effective technique which is used to enhance the needs or as per the level of protection required. UEP, inserted in the form of super frames and frames. Each audio band width in a transmission chain and is also Unequal Error Protection is a technique used to protect super frame of 1200msec consists of 3 frames of 400 widely used in internet radio. SBR can be used for the audio from abrupt fading in far flung coverage area msec. The FAC information is placed in the Modulation and Transmission both AAC and CELP. by graceful degradation. kernel(Centre of frequency domain) of every frame. This means FAC information is carried in the symbols OFDM symbols after mapping will consists of a • HVXC - Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding is Types of data channels another coder which is used for source coding to get which are in the middle of the frequency spectrum so sequence of data representing the vectors of each cell. It very low bit rates. This is useful for speech DRM Multiplex contains 3 types of data channels. They that they are least affected by interference. The SDC will have a magnitude and a phase angle. These set of programmes and is one of the source coder are, information is also inserted in the kernel of the data are converted to analogue signals in the form of envisaged in DRM standard. frequency domain but only in the beginning of every envelope and phase angle. This information is sent to • Main Service Channel (MSC), which contains the super frame. Only two OFDM symbols are used for the conventional transmitter for modulating into a main useful data to the receiver like the audio and composite digitally modulated data. Since multi carrier Higher g SDC at the beginning of every super frame. The time - n Bit-rates-48 kbps i AAC d o added data related to programmes or that of value Stereo c amplitude and vector modulation are involved the l frequency domain distribution of all the 3 channels are e n n

a added services. amplifiers of the transmitter will have to be linear. h shown in the diagram given below. Standard c &

AAC Mode -20 kbps x However to make high power linear transmitters with SBR u

Stereo M Audio Audio • Fast Access Channel (FAC). This channel carries all signal Super high efficiency is impossible. Non-linear amplifiers Ultra robust framing parameters like spectrum, interleaving, types of Narrowband Mode-10 kbps will often lead to inter modulation products and phase CELP modulation, number of services, language, etc. rotations. Since high efficient linear amplifiers are not Low bitrate which are essentially needed by the receiver to Narrowband Mode 8 kbps possible in high power transmitters often non-linear CELP receive, demodulate and decode the data stream. amplifiers are used with dynamic envelope correction Without this information the digital radio receiver and phase rotation neutralisation. cannot receive any information which is carried in Channel Coder the MSC. Hence the data sent over FAC are well Implementation When data is transmitted there are chances of loosing protected and centrally placed in the frequency The DRM chain consists of a DRM content server which data when received at the receiver due to various domain. These channel parameters are sent in a Every frame will have 15 symbols and each symbol will is normally located at the studio end of broadcast chain. interferences in the channel. In order to mitigate very FAC frame. have K carriers or cells. That means there will be It can also be located at the transmitter which can loosing of data channel coding is employed. Data errors • Service Description Channel (SDC). This channel number of carriers in every symbol and such 15 symbols receive audio and data content directly from any source can be classified into 2 groups, random error and burst contains the multiplex frequency schedule, makes one frame and such 3 frames makes a super either through STLs or any form of digital network. The error. As the name indicates random error occurs at time/date, region, audio information like SBR frame. Therefore, the transmitter data can be expressed DRM content server converts the data into a DRM random and data can be retrieved by different coding coding, sampling, audio mode, etc. in a mathematical form by the equation given below. multiplex data stream and sent to DRM modulator techniques. Forward error correction, convolution which is located near the transmitter. The output of

20 21 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 mainly used for speech broadcasting like news and coding, Reed Solomon Coding etc. are the most current affairs and will have a low bit rate from 2 common coding techniques to prevent random errors. kbps to 8 kbps. This is a very low bit rate coder Burst error occurs in a different manner due to large which can be used for multiplexing number of disturbances in the channel of transmission. This programmes in a single transmitter. affects a large number of bits in a series and would affect • AAC, Advanced Audio Coding is used for high the reception very badly. In order to prevent occurrence quality audio, mainly for music purpose and can of burst error cell inter leaving is employed so that the have variable bit rates between 8 kbps to 48 kbps. continuous data is distributed over a period of time and This is a subset of MPEG – 4. This AAC is most placing them in different OFDM symbols. This will commonly used in DRM for better audio quality prevent losses of large volume of continuous data so that including stereo for a reasonable bit rate. the service is not disturbed. Coding rates are determined depending on the service requirements or • CELP+ SBR Spectral Band Replication is a the mode of operation. If the channel is highly disturbed technique used for enhancing the fidelity of audio by like fading, a higher rate of coding is employed. The extrapolation of the base band, at the same time higher the coding, the lower the useful data. This is due Framing the Data reducing the actual bit rate by sending envelope to the fact that more number of bits is allocated for information of audio base band. This is a very coding. Hence the coding rate can be changed as per All the above 3 channels, viz. MSC, FAC, SDC are effective technique which is used to enhance the needs or as per the level of protection required. UEP, inserted in the form of super frames and frames. Each audio band width in a transmission chain and is also Unequal Error Protection is a technique used to protect super frame of 1200msec consists of 3 frames of 400 widely used in internet radio. SBR can be used for the audio from abrupt fading in far flung coverage area msec. The FAC information is placed in the Modulation and Transmission both AAC and CELP. by graceful degradation. kernel(Centre of frequency domain) of every frame. This means FAC information is carried in the symbols OFDM symbols after mapping will consists of a • HVXC - Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding is Types of data channels another coder which is used for source coding to get which are in the middle of the frequency spectrum so sequence of data representing the vectors of each cell. It very low bit rates. This is useful for speech DRM Multiplex contains 3 types of data channels. They that they are least affected by interference. The SDC will have a magnitude and a phase angle. These set of programmes and is one of the source coder are, information is also inserted in the kernel of the data are converted to analogue signals in the form of envisaged in DRM standard. frequency domain but only in the beginning of every envelope and phase angle. This information is sent to • Main Service Channel (MSC), which contains the super frame. Only two OFDM symbols are used for the conventional transmitter for modulating into a main useful data to the receiver like the audio and composite digitally modulated data. Since multi carrier Higher g SDC at the beginning of every super frame. The time - n Bit-rates-48 kbps i AAC d o added data related to programmes or that of value Stereo c amplitude and vector modulation are involved the l frequency domain distribution of all the 3 channels are e n n a added services. amplifiers of the transmitter will have to be linear. h shown in the diagram given below. Standard c &

AAC Mode -20 kbps x However to make high power linear transmitters with SBR u

20 21 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 DRM modulator is used for envelope and phase Simulcast in DRM+ All India Radio has adopted DRM for switching over to discussion. Many receiver manufacturers are making modulation of the transmitter. All modern radio digital. A large number of transmitters will be installed investment in this field and it is expected that large transmitters are capable of taking these signals directly in the country in the coming year. With these many parts number of medium priced radio receivers will be from the modulator and do not require much correction. of the country will be covered with digital radio available in the market once attractive services are put However old generation radio transmitters are either to transmission. DRM+ is a technology being on air. Development of DRM car radios and mobile be linearised or employ suitable envelope and phase demonstrated in different parts of the world and is chipsets are also in progress. Large volumes production correction techniques in the final power amplifier becoming attractive. AIR has taken advance action in of radio receivers will eventually bring down the cost of section ensuring that all new generation FM transmitters are DRM receiver affordable to our valued listeners. compatible for DRM+. As and when a decision is taken Digital radio is the future. to implement DRM in FM bands it would be possible with the addition of DRM exciter and DRM content Simulcast is possible in DRM+ in number of ways. It server. Availability of digital radio receivers is a topic of can be within the channel or adjacent channel with required separation or a separate frequency itself. In the same channel the digital power should be at least 20dB below the analog to prevent interference in analog About The Author channel. We can also employ two separate transmitters I. I. George is an Indian Broadcasting Engineering Service officer from 86 batch. with a common antenna using channel combiner. Or two A graduate in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, he has also MBA in separate antennae making space combining analog and HR. He has 35 years of wide ranging experience in broadcast technology, radar digital. We can also use split feed analog and digital to engineering and navigational aids and also in mining electronics. He was same set of antenna. responsible for the expansion of radio services in the east and northeast. Later on Conclusion he joined as a faculty in the training institute of All India Radio and Doordarsan, DRM+ where he conducted number of national and international training programs. He had received four Akashvani awards for technical excellence and also for the best Essentially the technology used for DRM and DRM+ trainer. He went abroad and received training at Harris, USA, NEC Japan and are the same. DRM specifies all the techniques as RITZ in Croatia. He had presented number technical papers in international and mentioned above for both DRM as well as DRM+. In National seminars conducted by ABU, Kula Lumpur, IETE Delhi and Broadcast Engineers Society, AM transmitter the bandwidth available is only India. His area of interest and specialization is digital radio broadcasting. He is a Fellow of Institution of 9kHZ/10kHZ. Therefore useful bit rate available which Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, India and a member of Broadcast Engineers Society can be fitted into this limited bandwidth is also less. (India). Presently he is Addl. Director General (Engg.) STI(T) All India Radio and Doordarshan, New Therefore we may have to go for higher source coding or Delhi. low quality audio like a monophonic audio. If we can use the entire bandwidth or adjacent channel bandwidth then it is possible to go for high bit rate stereo transmission. Whereas in DRM+ in VHF band II, the bandwidth allocated is 200 kHZ which is almost 20 times than that of AM transmitters. Therefore a large bandwidth is available in an FM transmitter which in turn will give very high bit rates. Out of the 200 kHZ bandwidth we require only 96 kHZ on one side of the FM spectrum for accommodating stereo music. A couple of stereo channels can be incorporated in DRM+ VHF band II. It is also possible to insert 5.1 digital surround music in DRM+, which is a new feature in radio. A high bit rate available gives wide options in terms of coding etc. to enable error free transmission. Various parameters of DRM+ are given in a tabular form below.

22 23 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 DRM modulator is used for envelope and phase Simulcast in DRM+ All India Radio has adopted DRM for switching over to discussion. Many receiver manufacturers are making modulation of the transmitter. All modern radio digital. A large number of transmitters will be installed investment in this field and it is expected that large transmitters are capable of taking these signals directly in the country in the coming year. With these many parts number of medium priced radio receivers will be from the modulator and do not require much correction. of the country will be covered with digital radio available in the market once attractive services are put However old generation radio transmitters are either to transmission. DRM+ is a technology being on air. Development of DRM car radios and mobile be linearised or employ suitable envelope and phase demonstrated in different parts of the world and is chipsets are also in progress. Large volumes production correction techniques in the final power amplifier becoming attractive. AIR has taken advance action in of radio receivers will eventually bring down the cost of section ensuring that all new generation FM transmitters are DRM receiver affordable to our valued listeners. compatible for DRM+. As and when a decision is taken Digital radio is the future. to implement DRM in FM bands it would be possible with the addition of DRM exciter and DRM content Simulcast is possible in DRM+ in number of ways. It server. Availability of digital radio receivers is a topic of can be within the channel or adjacent channel with required separation or a separate frequency itself. In the same channel the digital power should be at least 20dB below the analog to prevent interference in analog About The Author channel. We can also employ two separate transmitters I. I. George is an Indian Broadcasting Engineering Service officer from 86 batch. with a common antenna using channel combiner. Or two A graduate in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, he has also MBA in separate antennae making space combining analog and HR. He has 35 years of wide ranging experience in broadcast technology, radar digital. We can also use split feed analog and digital to engineering and navigational aids and also in mining electronics. He was same set of antenna. responsible for the expansion of radio services in the east and northeast. Later on Conclusion he joined as a faculty in the training institute of All India Radio and Doordarsan, DRM+ where he conducted number of national and international training programs. He had received four Akashvani awards for technical excellence and also for the best Essentially the technology used for DRM and DRM+ trainer. He went abroad and received training at Harris, USA, NEC Japan and are the same. DRM specifies all the techniques as RITZ in Croatia. He had presented number technical papers in international and mentioned above for both DRM as well as DRM+. In National seminars conducted by ABU, Kula Lumpur, IETE Delhi and Broadcast Engineers Society, AM transmitter the bandwidth available is only India. His area of interest and specialization is digital radio broadcasting. He is a Fellow of Institution of 9kHZ/10kHZ. Therefore useful bit rate available which Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, India and a member of Broadcast Engineers Society can be fitted into this limited bandwidth is also less. (India). Presently he is Addl. Director General (Engg.) STI(T) All India Radio and Doordarshan, New Therefore we may have to go for higher source coding or Delhi. low quality audio like a monophonic audio. If we can use the entire bandwidth or adjacent channel bandwidth then it is possible to go for high bit rate stereo transmission. Whereas in DRM+ in VHF band II, the bandwidth allocated is 200 kHZ which is almost 20 times than that of AM transmitters. Therefore a large bandwidth is available in an FM transmitter which in turn will give very high bit rates. Out of the 200 kHZ bandwidth we require only 96 kHZ on one side of the FM spectrum for accommodating stereo music. A couple of stereo channels can be incorporated in DRM+ VHF band II. It is also possible to insert 5.1 digital surround music in DRM+, which is a new feature in radio. A high bit rate available gives wide options in terms of coding etc. to enable error free transmission. Various parameters of DRM+ are given in a tabular form below.

22 23 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 the engineer was left alone at the O B spot, late at night, The Magnetic Tape Once upon a time with a load of O B gear, long after the function and the This thin, brown, quarter inch wide recording, storage broadcast. The engineering team got transported back to Venkitakrishnan and archival medium was the mainstay of radio studios. the radio station, only after several SOSs on Magneto. The tape was considered at that point of time, as user Thanks, Magneto! friendly. I numerable takes could be done and quite The new breed of radio studios, that came up in the last coincident placement of two 44BXs. This was the mike The Strobe often, destructively edited, before the creation of a decade, with the opening up of FM radio, had different set up practice, for National Programme of Music, Master tape. It was fascinating to watch the tape chug The shift started with checks of speed, particularly of looks and functionality, in stark contrast to the old world broadcast every Saturday night. along at 7 ½ inches per second, giving out high quality studios, of All India Radio. The computer entered the Turn Tables, whose speed was suspect, using a After the completion of Arabic Service, the shift audio.Thanks Ferric Oxide. Thanks the phenomenon broadcast niche in a big way, with application soft wares Stroboscope. This pre-emptive action prevented raised Engineer invariably had to take a trip to the studio, for of hysteresis. dedicated for the industry. Also, the studio chain eyebrows of shift in charge, in the unfortunate event of, the specific job of restoring the 44BX to its original presented a new look, with innovative studio equipment speed variation during broadcast. position- from the position set by the presenter, in the and accessories. direction of Mecca, while reading the Quran! Some of the engineers relied on their aural ability in The majestic looking, spacious studios of All India detecting variation in pitch to the visual one. But this, The O4Connector Radio, conforming to preferred acoustic dimensions, sometimes tended to be controversial! nonparallel walls and meticulous acoustic treatment, the The male audio connector was called O4M and the The Vinyl Disc technical furniture neatly fitted with a complement of female O4F. This, made for each other, audio connector, Quadrant Fader Console, Turn Table, Tape Deck and was in widespread use, in studios. The connector was This had a long innings in broadcasting and co-existed, Mike on heavy boom stand, never got copied to the sturdy and big and won the user confidence. It worked so with tape before exiting. Playing the shiny black vinyl private sector. Reasons for non-replication were well, sans gold plating. disc, was an experience in itself. The 78 RPM discs, kept twofold - one was change in studio design philosophy the broadcast presenter on his toes, as it lasted only 3 Soldering cable to connector was quite a job. The work minutes flat. and two changes in broadcast equipment. had to be carried out using a 65 w soldering iron. The So, although the new age studios began with a generous conductors were thick and the connector had large The notion, that all vinyl discs were black got dispelled, compliment of legacy equipment, as a logical fallout cavity lugs that needed to be filled up with molten 60/40 when engineers came across several red vinyls, in the In certain brand of tapes, some editors had difficulty in from the past, this trend quickly faded out, because the solder. But once done, the connection lasted a lifetime! Cantonese service section! distinguishing the coated side and the base side .This, new generation equipment, by field use, had raised the The Multiple Pad (M.P) sometimes resulted in a piquant situation, as the coated level of confidence amongst broadcasters for reliability side and the uncoated side got switched, while splice and innovative features. The device enabled splitting of audio signal without editing, resulting in variation in level, resembling upsetting circuit parameter, such as impedance. When dropouts! This article is a recall of some of the hard - to – forget audio was to be fed to multiple locations, MP was the studio legacies, any old time broadcast professional one to look for. A very handy device indeed, despite the The Console Tape Deck would be fond of, to read and relive the moments. 3 dB loss, which is, understandable. The device was True to German origins, the machines debuted with And for the new timers, this will be a window, opened to passive and so fail safe, to a great extent. It was sheer Studer; followed by Ampex and NEC Denon. The travel back in time, and marvel at how things were! fun, patching in and out this device, on the patch bay. three motor, three head, high frequency erase machine, The 44BX The tech staff had a hobby of designing MP to match 600 was quite a marvel. Three such identical machines, with ohms circuit, by using colour coded resistors. This a patch panel, made a compact edit set up. This RCA velocity mike, with its practice was to end with the appearance of readymade proximity characteristic, and figure pads, encased in cans! The Turn Table of eight polar pattern, became a broadcast icon. The photographs of The Magneto: This very simple and rugged instrument, This magnificent piece of equipment, gave great looks 44BX, with statesmen, leaders and was built to conform to defence specifications. One had, to the studio. This work horse could play at three speeds artistes, used to cause goose to just take care of the battery and it was at one's service, by a gear mechanism. For scratchy discs, these there bumps, amongst broadcast always. It served well, in the very vital hot line were many; there was the scratch filter, which could be fraternity. communication link, between O B spot and Control used to iron out scratches. Room. The broadcast engineer, created an Grandma's remedy for repeat groove was to place a 50 omnidirectional polar pattern, by The usefulness of Magneto was further enhanced, when nayepaise coin on the tone arm, near the stylus end!

24 6125 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 the engineer was left alone at the O B spot, late at night, The Magnetic Tape Once upon a time with a load of O B gear, long after the function and the This thin, brown, quarter inch wide recording, storage broadcast. The engineering team got transported back to Venkitakrishnan and archival medium was the mainstay of radio studios. the radio station, only after several SOSs on Magneto. The tape was considered at that point of time, as user Thanks, Magneto! friendly. I numerable takes could be done and quite The new breed of radio studios, that came up in the last coincident placement of two 44BXs. This was the mike The Strobe often, destructively edited, before the creation of a decade, with the opening up of FM radio, had different set up practice, for National Programme of Music, Master tape. It was fascinating to watch the tape chug The shift started with checks of speed, particularly of looks and functionality, in stark contrast to the old world broadcast every Saturday night. along at 7 ½ inches per second, giving out high quality studios, of All India Radio. The computer entered the Turn Tables, whose speed was suspect, using a After the completion of Arabic Service, the shift audio.Thanks Ferric Oxide. Thanks the phenomenon broadcast niche in a big way, with application soft wares Stroboscope. This pre-emptive action prevented raised Engineer invariably had to take a trip to the studio, for of hysteresis. dedicated for the industry. Also, the studio chain eyebrows of shift in charge, in the unfortunate event of, the specific job of restoring the 44BX to its original presented a new look, with innovative studio equipment speed variation during broadcast. position- from the position set by the presenter, in the and accessories. direction of Mecca, while reading the Quran! Some of the engineers relied on their aural ability in The majestic looking, spacious studios of All India detecting variation in pitch to the visual one. But this, The O4Connector Radio, conforming to preferred acoustic dimensions, sometimes tended to be controversial! nonparallel walls and meticulous acoustic treatment, the The male audio connector was called O4M and the The Vinyl Disc technical furniture neatly fitted with a complement of female O4F. This, made for each other, audio connector, Quadrant Fader Console, Turn Table, Tape Deck and was in widespread use, in studios. The connector was This had a long innings in broadcasting and co-existed, Mike on heavy boom stand, never got copied to the sturdy and big and won the user confidence. It worked so with tape before exiting. Playing the shiny black vinyl private sector. Reasons for non-replication were well, sans gold plating. disc, was an experience in itself. The 78 RPM discs, kept twofold - one was change in studio design philosophy the broadcast presenter on his toes, as it lasted only 3 Soldering cable to connector was quite a job. The work minutes flat. and two changes in broadcast equipment. had to be carried out using a 65 w soldering iron. The So, although the new age studios began with a generous conductors were thick and the connector had large The notion, that all vinyl discs were black got dispelled, compliment of legacy equipment, as a logical fallout cavity lugs that needed to be filled up with molten 60/40 when engineers came across several red vinyls, in the In certain brand of tapes, some editors had difficulty in from the past, this trend quickly faded out, because the solder. But once done, the connection lasted a lifetime! Cantonese service section! distinguishing the coated side and the base side .This, new generation equipment, by field use, had raised the The Multiple Pad (M.P) sometimes resulted in a piquant situation, as the coated level of confidence amongst broadcasters for reliability side and the uncoated side got switched, while splice and innovative features. The device enabled splitting of audio signal without editing, resulting in variation in level, resembling upsetting circuit parameter, such as impedance. When dropouts! This article is a recall of some of the hard - to – forget audio was to be fed to multiple locations, MP was the studio legacies, any old time broadcast professional one to look for. A very handy device indeed, despite the The Console Tape Deck would be fond of, to read and relive the moments. 3 dB loss, which is, understandable. The device was True to German origins, the machines debuted with And for the new timers, this will be a window, opened to passive and so fail safe, to a great extent. It was sheer Studer; followed by Ampex and NEC Denon. The travel back in time, and marvel at how things were! fun, patching in and out this device, on the patch bay. three motor, three head, high frequency erase machine, The 44BX The tech staff had a hobby of designing MP to match 600 was quite a marvel. Three such identical machines, with ohms circuit, by using colour coded resistors. This a patch panel, made a compact edit set up. This RCA velocity mike, with its practice was to end with the appearance of readymade proximity characteristic, and figure pads, encased in cans! The Turn Table of eight polar pattern, became a broadcast icon. The photographs of The Magneto: This very simple and rugged instrument, This magnificent piece of equipment, gave great looks 44BX, with statesmen, leaders and was built to conform to defence specifications. One had, to the studio. This work horse could play at three speeds artistes, used to cause goose to just take care of the battery and it was at one's service, by a gear mechanism. For scratchy discs, these there bumps, amongst broadcast always. It served well, in the very vital hot line were many; there was the scratch filter, which could be fraternity. communication link, between O B spot and Control used to iron out scratches. Room. The broadcast engineer, created an Grandma's remedy for repeat groove was to place a 50 omnidirectional polar pattern, by The usefulness of Magneto was further enhanced, when nayepaise coin on the tone arm, near the stylus end!

24 6125 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 The machines, helped in making composite tapes that were some of the well-known manufacturers of of World War II! fader contacts etc with CCL4 was so fundamental to could be played with ease, for longer hours. This was thermionic valves. Meaningful valve nomenclature was Reading Colour Code studio work culture,that this ritual acquired a handy approach, for broadcasts, like General Overseas just beginning to evolve. ceremonial status. The organic compound, with the Service. Those were the days, of in-depth study and animated chemical name Carbon Tetra Chloride, came to be Valve nomenclature, 6L6, did not convey much; but discussion, of circuits. Trouble shooting went down to known, most reverentiallyas “Holy Water”,amongst The BEL CTRS and Tape Decks, which appeared the engineer understood, without the help of non- grass roots, component level. What was expected of a studio staff. briefly, at the fag end of tape era, opened up unlimited existent Google, that it was a Beam Power Tetrode. The broadcast engineer was different from, what it is today. opportunities, to trouble shoot. One could, often hear the valve nomenclature 12 AX 7 was explicit to the extent to Knowledge of resistor colour code was considered,an In one of the radio stations in Deep South, an extremely c o m m e n t , ” g o o d e l e c t r o n i c s ; b a d t a p e convey 12V heater and 7 electrodes; AX meant nothing. important expertise. The resistors came with 4, 5 and 6 heavy consumption of CCL4 was noticed. Investigation transport“amongst engineers, programmers and editors But the engineer understood, as dual triode, high gain band colour bands and everyone had to chant”Bye Bye revealed that amember of thestaff was consuming CCL4 alike about these machines. The BEL machines spent etc. Whenever there was a problem of “Microphony,” Rosie, Off You Go, to Birmingham, Via Great Western”, orally, to get a high! their time on trouble shoot mode, before making a the culprit used to be a phony EF86, in the preamplifier. much like national Anthem, at solemn functions. dishonourable exit! In the 1960s, broadcast people, understandably, had Those who had problem with this widely chanted line The Bulk Eraser great regard for valves. This regard was evident, when could device their own lines. One such line was Even though the erase head in the console tape machine one of the newly found technical associations of All “BBROY GoodBoy Very Good Wife”. This lacked erased the tape prior record and did a thorough job of it, universal appeal; the line never rose to “chanting” when it was a matter of VIP recording, it was better to status! play doubly safe and subject the reel, to a heavy dose of The Holy Water demagnetisation, on the bulk eraser. The process was a bit of an art and science, as the withdrawal, from the The ritual of cleaning tape heads, tape guides, quadrant bulk eraser, had to be gradual and graceful, with a slow rotary wrist motion, somewhat akin to, the magician's act of taking out unexpected things from a hat. About The Author Removal of non anti magnetic wrist watch was India Radio &Doordarshan, drew inspiration from this E.Venkitakrishnan, served All India Radio from 1964 -1998. He worked in designations- considered a good practice, before one started the work device and named their newsletter “Filament”! from Engineering Assistant toDeputy Director (E),at locations of Broadcasting House, of bulk erasing! Delhi, HPT, Avadi, Dibrugarh,Thrissur, CE(WZ),P&D, New Delhi, Agra and HPT The Fader Console The Thermionic Valve Khampur. The grey fader box made with quadrant faders was After superannuation from All India Radio, in January 1998,Shri.E.Venkitakrishnan had undeniably, the centre piece of the studio. This took the several post retirement assignments, related to broadcasting, in Public and Private sectors. brunt of many a broadcast day. The wiper contacts and He lives in Bangalore. gears, being mechanical in nature, needed a bit of Email ID: [email protected] attention on daily basis. Mob: 09810634434 In one of the drama studios, the six channel quadrant LL: 80 41608200 Fader console was installed almost vertical for ease of operation. But with frequent operation the fader refused to stay at the top “fully on position” without a prop! The Echo Chamber This dusty room was tucked away from public view, in the basement of the building. All one saw inside, when opened, was a microphone and a loudspeaker and an incandescent lamp hanging on flexible cable from the ceiling. But the room had an important function; that of The all-pervasive valve, in its diversity of make, model adding echo to dry sound. and type populated all broadcast equipment. Phillips, Mullard, Telefunken, Valvo, GEC, Ampere and Tesla There were instances, of quite a large number of broadcast engineers, who could nom, of Gas chambers

26 27 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 The machines, helped in making composite tapes that were some of the well-known manufacturers of of World War II! fader contacts etc with CCL4 was so fundamental to could be played with ease, for longer hours. This was thermionic valves. Meaningful valve nomenclature was Reading Colour Code studio work culture,that this ritual acquired a handy approach, for broadcasts, like General Overseas just beginning to evolve. ceremonial status. The organic compound, with the Service. Those were the days, of in-depth study and animated chemical name Carbon Tetra Chloride, came to be Valve nomenclature, 6L6, did not convey much; but discussion, of circuits. Trouble shooting went down to known, most reverentiallyas “Holy Water”,amongst The BEL CTRS and Tape Decks, which appeared the engineer understood, without the help of non- grass roots, component level. What was expected of a studio staff. briefly, at the fag end of tape era, opened up unlimited existent Google, that it was a Beam Power Tetrode. The broadcast engineer was different from, what it is today. opportunities, to trouble shoot. One could, often hear the valve nomenclature 12 AX 7 was explicit to the extent to Knowledge of resistor colour code was considered,an In one of the radio stations in Deep South, an extremely c o m m e n t , ” g o o d e l e c t r o n i c s ; b a d t a p e convey 12V heater and 7 electrodes; AX meant nothing. important expertise. The resistors came with 4, 5 and 6 heavy consumption of CCL4 was noticed. Investigation transport“amongst engineers, programmers and editors But the engineer understood, as dual triode, high gain band colour bands and everyone had to chant”Bye Bye revealed that amember of thestaff was consuming CCL4 alike about these machines. The BEL machines spent etc. Whenever there was a problem of “Microphony,” Rosie, Off You Go, to Birmingham, Via Great Western”, orally, to get a high! their time on trouble shoot mode, before making a the culprit used to be a phony EF86, in the preamplifier. much like national Anthem, at solemn functions. dishonourable exit! In the 1960s, broadcast people, understandably, had Those who had problem with this widely chanted line The Bulk Eraser great regard for valves. This regard was evident, when could device their own lines. One such line was Even though the erase head in the console tape machine one of the newly found technical associations of All “BBROY GoodBoy Very Good Wife”. This lacked erased the tape prior record and did a thorough job of it, universal appeal; the line never rose to “chanting” when it was a matter of VIP recording, it was better to status! play doubly safe and subject the reel, to a heavy dose of The Holy Water demagnetisation, on the bulk eraser. The process was a bit of an art and science, as the withdrawal, from the The ritual of cleaning tape heads, tape guides, quadrant bulk eraser, had to be gradual and graceful, with a slow rotary wrist motion, somewhat akin to, the magician's act of taking out unexpected things from a hat. About The Author Removal of non anti magnetic wrist watch was India Radio &Doordarshan, drew inspiration from this E.Venkitakrishnan, served All India Radio from 1964 -1998. He worked in designations- considered a good practice, before one started the work device and named their newsletter “Filament”! from Engineering Assistant toDeputy Director (E),at locations of Broadcasting House, of bulk erasing! Delhi, HPT, Avadi, Dibrugarh,Thrissur, CE(WZ),P&D, New Delhi, Agra and HPT The Fader Console The Thermionic Valve Khampur. The grey fader box made with quadrant faders was After superannuation from All India Radio, in January 1998,Shri.E.Venkitakrishnan had undeniably, the centre piece of the studio. This took the several post retirement assignments, related to broadcasting, in Public and Private sectors. brunt of many a broadcast day. The wiper contacts and He lives in Bangalore. gears, being mechanical in nature, needed a bit of Email ID: [email protected] attention on daily basis. Mob: 09810634434 In one of the drama studios, the six channel quadrant LL: 80 41608200 Fader console was installed almost vertical for ease of operation. But with frequent operation the fader refused to stay at the top “fully on position” without a prop! The Echo Chamber This dusty room was tucked away from public view, in the basement of the building. All one saw inside, when opened, was a microphone and a loudspeaker and an incandescent lamp hanging on flexible cable from the ceiling. But the room had an important function; that of The all-pervasive valve, in its diversity of make, model adding echo to dry sound. and type populated all broadcast equipment. Phillips, Mullard, Telefunken, Valvo, GEC, Ampere and Tesla There were instances, of quite a large number of broadcast engineers, who could nom, of Gas chambers

26 27 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 H. S. Jolly Honoured by BES(I)

REPORT expenditure sanctions were not received till then. But the challenge was taken. A Report on Engineering's Day Celebration P.K. Singh History in the field of TV transmitter installation in the world was created as from 1st July 1984, the commissioning of TV transmitters started and one new centre was inaugurated every day till Oct. 1984, i.e. A transmitter a Day. Government of India recognized the work and decorated Sh. H.S. Jolly with 'Padma Shri' in January 1985, which he graciously considers as an award for whole engineering fraternity. Regarding Shri HS Jolly Shri HS Jolly. Shri Jolly started his career in broadcasting from All India Radio Mumbai in 1946. He worked in various capacities in AIR and became the first Engineer-in-Chief after creation of organized service - Indian Broadcasting Engineering Service.

Broadcast Engineering Society (India) celebrated Executive Officer, Prasar Bharati, Shri Shri B.B. After retirement in June 1983, Sh. Jolly was given a Engineer's Day /Vishwakarma Day on Tuesday the Pandit, Member Finance, Brig. (Retd.) V.A.M. 'Crash Expansion of TV in India' by Shri HS special assignment as Chief Project Officer in 17th September, 2013 at 4.30 PM at Constitution Club, Hussain, Member, Personnel, Shri V.K. Singla, Jolly - former Engineer-in-Chief and the Man Doordarshan with an onerous task of installing 117 Rafi Marg, New Delhi. Chairman, Seminar Committee, Shri R.K. Budhraja, behind One Transmitter a Day Story transmitters by Sept. / October 1984. It was

Engineer-in-Chief, AIR, Shri A. Robert Jerard Ravi, th challenging as even the approval of Public Mr. Jawhar Sircar, Chief Executive Officer, Prasar On the eve of 15 Sept., when Television compled Advisor, TRAI, Mr. Ravinder Singh, Director, Investment Board and expenditure sanctions were Bharati was kind enough to be the Chief Guest. The Juniper Net and Shri P.K. Singh, Hon. Secretary BES it's 54 years in India, BES(I) at a function held at not received till then. But the challenge was taken. dias was adorned by Shri Jawhar Sircar, Chief (I) constitution club, N. Delhi, honoured Shri HS Jolly, the veteran engineer who led the Crash Expansion History in the field of TV transmitter installation in The programme started with lighting of lamp and of TV in India. the world was created as from 1st July 1984, the adoration of Lord Vishwakarma by dignitaries. The commissioning of TV transmitters started and one speakers deliberated on various technical and policy Shri Jolly started his career in broadcasting from All new centre was inaugurated every day till Oct. issues in the field of broadcasting. India Radio Mumbai in 1946. He worked in various 1984, i.e. A transmitter a Day. Shri jawhar Sircar, Chief Executive Officer honored capacities in AIR & Doordarshan and rose to the Padma Shri H.S. Jolly, former Engineer-in-Chief, position of Engineer-in-Chief. After retirement in Government of India recognized the work and AIR and President BES (I) and Shri Shiv S. Sharma, June 1983, Sh. Jolly was given a special assignment decorated Sh. H.S. Jolly with 'Padma Shri' in former, DG: Doordarshan by presenting a memento as Chief Project Officer in Doordarshan with an January 1985, which he graciously considers as an and shawl on the occasion. onerous task of installing 117 transmitters by Sept. / award for whole engineering fraternity. October 1984. It was challenging as even the Mr. P.K. Singh, Hon. Secretary proposed the vote of • 1959 witnessed live demonstration of a low thanks. approval of Public Investment Board and

28 29 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 H. S. Jolly Honoured by BES(I)

28 29 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 Television in India

power TV Transmitter and a mini studio in • In November 1982, the country hosted the Asian Pragati Maidan Complex, New Delhi exhibited Games and the government introduced color REPORT Ahmedabad Chapter by M/s. Philips of Holland. broadcasts for the coverage of the games. In this A. K. Gupta period no private enterprise was allowed to set up • After the exhibition, M/s. Phillips presented the TV stations or to transmit TV signals. equipment to the Ministry of I & B which in turn was the guest of honour. He explained about was handed over to the Research Department of • Doordarshan launched Ku band transmission broadcasting from capturing, editing, transmission and receiving to listeners. He focused on new technologies AIR for experimentation. (free-to-air DTH “DD Direct Plus”) in and shows his concern about benefits of these December, 04 with a bouquet of 33 TV channels. • The Department at that time was headed by a technologies reaching to consumer or not. Shri The main objective of this service was to provide dynamic Engineer T. Rajamanickam and assisted Virender Singla, Ex. Engineer-in-Chief, All India TV coverage to the areas hitherto uncovered by by able and enthusiastic Engineer P.R. Radio, Head of Technical Committee of Community terrestrial transmission. Desikachar. They took over the equipment and Radio, Ministry of I&B presided over the function and installed the transmitter at Akashvani Bhavan at • In the early nineties with the broadcast of focused on technology coming in the field of broadcasting. He mainly focused on DRM services Parliament Street, New Delhi with the help of a satellite TV by foreign programmers like CNN coming recently in MW and SW transmitter. The small group of their young colleagues. followed by Star TV and a little later by domestic Chairman, BES (I), Ahmedabad Chapter Shri J.K. channels such as Zee TV and Sun TV into Indian • on September 15,1959, the Delhi Television Chandira welcomed the dignitaries & delegates and homes. Centre went on air for half an hour, three days a outlined the programme of the day. Hon. Secretary Shri The BES(I), Ahmedabad Chapter organized a one day week and inaugurated by Sh. Rajendra Prasad, • today, Doordarshan operates 30 channels in 22 A.K. Gupta proposed Vote of Thanks to the packed s e m i n a r o n “ B R O A D C A S T I N G – N E W audience. President of India from Vigyan Bhawan. languages and is one of the largest Terrestrial DIMENSIONS ”on 19.10.2013 at J.B. Auditorium, Network in the World. Followed by the inaugural session, three technical • Availaibility of ATS – 6 Satellite for AMA, Ahmedabad. There were deliberations on New Dimensions of Broadcasting viz: Looking beyond Sessions were conducted. The Session-I was on experimental TV was another milestone • Digital TV transmitters to be set up “Innovations in Broadcast Production Technology”. launched under the leadership of Dr. Vikram HDTV, including 4K or UHDTV, Multi-Screen • Almost all Studio Centres of DD are digital. Delivery, Involvement through Social Media, Cloud This session was chaired by Shri Padarabinda Das, Dy. Sarabhai of ISRO. AIR built three new studios at Computing, New digital delivery platforms such as Director General (Tech.), Prasar Bharati and the first Delhi, Hyderabad and cuttuck which sent the • DVB-T2 standard adopted by Doordarshan. DVB-T2, DRM & OTT, Content and Business speaker Shri N.M. Mehra Vice President-Technology & programme to ISRO at Ahmedabad for uplinking Engineering, Visual Technologies India Pvt. Ltd. talked • Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) is the strategies in the Seminar. About 400 delegates on Satellite. including eminent dignitaries and Broadcast on “Looking Beyond HD-4K”. Shri Nirav Desai, Pre digital mode of delivery of DD channels Sales Manager, Harmonic Inc. delivered on “Multi • A new TV centre was buit at Mumbai in 1972 and through terrestrial transmitters. professionals from various organizations, Industries, Faculties and students from various Educational Screen Delivery Platform”. off the air relay stations at Mussoorie hills and • DTT will provide availability of multiple TV Institutions, Government bodies (various field officers Shri Vakul Agarwal, Lead Engineer & Product Sinhagarh hills at Pune were completed which channels(up to 8 SD channels or 2 HD channels) of AIR, DD, SAC ISRO, BSNL, GIET etc), Public Specialist, Adobe India Pvt. Ltd. talked on the “Cloud increased the coverage of Delhi and Mumbai TV through a single transmitter sectors, R & D Units and other Departments & Computing & Internet Delivery” in detail. stations significantly. Industries attended the seminar. • All 35 Satellite channels of Doordarshan are • The TV tower of worli, Mumbai was built having digital. The event was inaugurated by Dr V. Thiruppugazh - height 300 mtrs., second highest in Asia , after I.A.S. Commissioner & Secretary, Rural Development, the Tokyo tower (330 mtrs.). • All Earth stations (40 nos.) & DSNG Vans (32 Government of Gujarat and the Souvenir was also nos.) are Digital. released by him. In his speech he focused on • Gradually more stations were planned at broadcasters' role to provide education & awareness in Kolkata, Chennai, Lucknow, Srinagar, • Doordarshan's free-to-air DTH platform “DD rural area. Jallandhar and so on. Direct Plus” which has capacity of 59 TV channels is also digital. In the inaugural session the Key-note speaker Shri • TV was separated from AIR and called Amitabh Kumar, Director (Corporate) and Chief Doordarshan on April 1st 1976 , Sh. PV Technology Officer, Zee Network enthralled the Krishnamoorthy became its first Director audience by his presentation which covered the Non- General. linear broadcast system using different platforms. He also explained new OTT (DITTO service by ZEE network). Shri Vilas S. Palsule, Director, DECU/ISRO

30 31 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 Television in India power TV Transmitter and a mini studio in • In November 1982, the country hosted the Asian Pragati Maidan Complex, New Delhi exhibited Games and the government introduced color REPORT Ahmedabad Chapter by M/s. Philips of Holland. broadcasts for the coverage of the games. In this A. K. Gupta period no private enterprise was allowed to set up • After the exhibition, M/s. Phillips presented the TV stations or to transmit TV signals. equipment to the Ministry of I & B which in turn was the guest of honour. He explained about was handed over to the Research Department of • Doordarshan launched Ku band transmission broadcasting from capturing, editing, transmission and receiving to listeners. He focused on new technologies AIR for experimentation. (free-to-air DTH “DD Direct Plus”) in and shows his concern about benefits of these December, 04 with a bouquet of 33 TV channels. • The Department at that time was headed by a technologies reaching to consumer or not. Shri The main objective of this service was to provide dynamic Engineer T. Rajamanickam and assisted Virender Singla, Ex. Engineer-in-Chief, All India TV coverage to the areas hitherto uncovered by by able and enthusiastic Engineer P.R. Radio, Head of Technical Committee of Community terrestrial transmission. Desikachar. They took over the equipment and Radio, Ministry of I&B presided over the function and installed the transmitter at Akashvani Bhavan at • In the early nineties with the broadcast of focused on technology coming in the field of broadcasting. He mainly focused on DRM services Parliament Street, New Delhi with the help of a satellite TV by foreign programmers like CNN coming recently in MW and SW transmitter. The small group of their young colleagues. followed by Star TV and a little later by domestic Chairman, BES (I), Ahmedabad Chapter Shri J.K. channels such as Zee TV and Sun TV into Indian • on September 15,1959, the Delhi Television Chandira welcomed the dignitaries & delegates and homes. Centre went on air for half an hour, three days a outlined the programme of the day. Hon. Secretary Shri The BES(I), Ahmedabad Chapter organized a one day week and inaugurated by Sh. Rajendra Prasad, • today, Doordarshan operates 30 channels in 22 A.K. Gupta proposed Vote of Thanks to the packed s e m i n a r o n “ B R O A D C A S T I N G – N E W audience. President of India from Vigyan Bhawan. languages and is one of the largest Terrestrial DIMENSIONS ”on 19.10.2013 at J.B. Auditorium, Network in the World. Followed by the inaugural session, three technical • Availaibility of ATS – 6 Satellite for AMA, Ahmedabad. There were deliberations on New Dimensions of Broadcasting viz: Looking beyond Sessions were conducted. The Session-I was on experimental TV was another milestone • Digital TV transmitters to be set up “Innovations in Broadcast Production Technology”. launched under the leadership of Dr. Vikram HDTV, including 4K or UHDTV, Multi-Screen • Almost all Studio Centres of DD are digital. Delivery, Involvement through Social Media, Cloud This session was chaired by Shri Padarabinda Das, Dy. Sarabhai of ISRO. AIR built three new studios at Computing, New digital delivery platforms such as Director General (Tech.), Prasar Bharati and the first Delhi, Hyderabad and cuttuck which sent the • DVB-T2 standard adopted by Doordarshan. DVB-T2, DRM & OTT, Content and Business speaker Shri N.M. Mehra Vice President-Technology & programme to ISRO at Ahmedabad for uplinking Engineering, Visual Technologies India Pvt. Ltd. talked • Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) is the strategies in the Seminar. About 400 delegates on Satellite. including eminent dignitaries and Broadcast on “Looking Beyond HD-4K”. Shri Nirav Desai, Pre digital mode of delivery of DD channels Sales Manager, Harmonic Inc. delivered on “Multi • A new TV centre was buit at Mumbai in 1972 and through terrestrial transmitters. professionals from various organizations, Industries, Faculties and students from various Educational Screen Delivery Platform”. off the air relay stations at Mussoorie hills and • DTT will provide availability of multiple TV Institutions, Government bodies (various field officers Shri Vakul Agarwal, Lead Engineer & Product Sinhagarh hills at Pune were completed which channels(up to 8 SD channels or 2 HD channels) of AIR, DD, SAC ISRO, BSNL, GIET etc), Public Specialist, Adobe India Pvt. Ltd. talked on the “Cloud increased the coverage of Delhi and Mumbai TV through a single transmitter sectors, R & D Units and other Departments & Computing & Internet Delivery” in detail. stations significantly. Industries attended the seminar. • All 35 Satellite channels of Doordarshan are • The TV tower of worli, Mumbai was built having digital. The event was inaugurated by Dr V. Thiruppugazh - height 300 mtrs., second highest in Asia , after I.A.S. Commissioner & Secretary, Rural Development, the Tokyo tower (330 mtrs.). • All Earth stations (40 nos.) & DSNG Vans (32 Government of Gujarat and the Souvenir was also nos.) are Digital. released by him. In his speech he focused on • Gradually more stations were planned at broadcasters' role to provide education & awareness in Kolkata, Chennai, Lucknow, Srinagar, • Doordarshan's free-to-air DTH platform “DD rural area. Jallandhar and so on. Direct Plus” which has capacity of 59 TV channels is also digital. In the inaugural session the Key-note speaker Shri • TV was separated from AIR and called Amitabh Kumar, Director (Corporate) and Chief Doordarshan on April 1st 1976 , Sh. PV Technology Officer, Zee Network enthralled the Krishnamoorthy became its first Director audience by his presentation which covered the Non- General. linear broadcast system using different platforms. He also explained new OTT (DITTO service by ZEE network). Shri Vilas S. Palsule, Director, DECU/ISRO

30 31 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 REPORT Pune Chapter Ashok Kale

The Session-II was on “Diverse Delivery Platform”. Communication Course, MICA, Ahmedabad, The Session was chaired by Shri Kaushik. S. Parikh, Dy. Dr.Rajesh Asrani, Professor, Gujarat Law Society's Director, Satcom Navigation & Application Area, Space N.R. Institute of Buisness Management, and Shri Application Center, ISRO Ahmedabad. Shri M.S. Kalpak Kekre, Head of TV-9 Gujarati Channel. Duhan, Dy. Director General(E), Doordarshan Professor Tendle talked on “The Relevance of Directorate, Mandi House, New Delhi spoke on Community Radio”. Dr. Asrani talked on “Leveraging “Digital Terrestrial Options in Broadcasting”. Folowed Intellectual Property Rights by Broadcasting by Shri Johnson Fedric D'Silva, DVP-Technical & Organizations',Shri Kekre described in detail the BES(I) Pune Chapter organized an Open House a part of new programming strategy. Shri J.B. Bhatia, Maintenace, Zee Network talked on “OTT-TV”, Shri “Running a TV Channel ”. discussion with the theme “Public Service Broadcasting former ARE(EZ) shared his experience & explained, th Yogendra Pal, Retd. Additional Director General(E), : Technological Challenges” on 12 November 2013, how even at this age he is connected to HD TV & Hon. Chairman of DRM Consortium, India Chapter M/s. Jayansh Impex, Decision Plus Systems, MCBS & 1700 Hrs at AIR Pune as a part of National Public Laptops. talked on “DRM Digital Radio, Features and VTI Pvt. Ltd (Panasonic Dealer) were exhibited their Service Broadcasting Day celebration. There was very lively discussion on the points raised by Impletation Plan”. The last speaker of this session Shri stalls at the venue. A stall by Doordarshan for Active participation by AIR & Doordarshan veterans S/s S.B. Deshpande former DD(E), Shri Digamber Patel G.C. Jain, MD, MCBS talked on “Hybrid Media Promotion of DTH & Archival Contents CD, was also namely Shri M.Y. Thote, former CE(WZ), aged around former DD(E), Smt. S.C. Kulkarni AE DDK Pune & Technology for Interactive Education”. there. 83 years, Shri Chetan Mirani, former Senior Engineer Shri N.G. Patil, AE AIR Pune on the varied topics like AIR, aged around 86 years, Shri J.B. Bhatia, former AOS for Radio, Mobile TV, DRM Radio receiver status The Session-III was on “Content and Business Several officials from BES, Akashvani, Doordarshan, ARE,(EZ), aged around 88 years along with many etc. BSNL, ISRO, IETE&IE, worked directly and indirectly Strategies”. The Session was chaired by Shri Shivaji former AIR & DD officers was the most important Shri S.S. Raman, Treasurer BES(I) Pune Chapter & Fulsundar, Dy. Director General (Programs), and took strenuous efforts to make the event a grand feature of the event. success. The seminar was sponsored by was sponsored Shri Nitin Chavare EC Member BES(I) Pune Chapter Doordarshan Kendra, Ahmedabad. The speakers were along with other officers & staff members (Shri by Gujarat Council on Science & Technology At the outset, Shri R.N. Katkar, Chairman BES(I) Pune Prof. Subhash Tendle, Head Crafting Creative Chapter welcomed the guests & explained the Prashant & Sagar) of AIR Pune made special efforts to (Department of Science and technology, Gujarat objectives & idea behind holding the event in view of make event a successful one. government),VTI/Panasonic, Arraycom, Antrix emerging radio & TV technologies. Corporation, DRM consortium and M/s Pashwa Sales, Setting the ball rolling, our patron Shri Ashish The event was well reported in the press in local and Bhatnagar, DDG(E) AIR Pune, & National Vice national dailies. President, BES(I), enlightened the house on overall scenario of public service broadcasting & various technological options available including FM, Internet Radio etc. He also stressed the need to focus young generation in addition to traditional viewers & listeners. Shri M. Y. Thote former CE(WZ) discussed the difficulties/Challenges faced during the introduction of TV & Colour TV in India. Shri Chetan Merani, former AIR veteran stressed the need to focus even children as

3832 3933 January'13July'13 - December'13 - March'13 July'13 - December'13 REPORT Pune Chapter Ashok Kale

3832 3933 January'13July'13 - December'13 - March'13 July'13 - December'13 REPORT Thanjavur Chapter REPORT Chennai Chapter A. Chitra K V Ramachandran

WEBINAR ON DRM The Thanjavur Chapter of the Broadcasting Engineering Society (India) in Association with All India Radio, Tiruchirapalli participated in the Webinar conducted by DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) Consortium through on line conference from United Kingdom. The Webinar locally arranged by Smt. A.Chitra, Deputy Director(E), Doordarshan and Chairperson BES(I), Thanjavur. All Engineering Staff of All India Radio and Doordarshan and Programme officers of All India Radio participated. The benefits of DRM (Digital Radio Broadcast Technique) were discussed from countries all BES Chennai Chapter organized one day seminar on . Cloud computing concepts and applications. Sri over the world viz London, Germany, Canada, Malaysia Tiruchirapalli is one among the five stations selected and India etc. “Broadcasting – Decoding the future” on 5-10-2013 at Shirish Bharat MIstry, of Spectrum Group for DRM broadcast in South India. Hotel Ramada, Egmore, Chennai. About 200 broadcast Broadcasting and cloud services While Inaugurating the webinar locally, the Chairperson professional participated in the event. The seminar TV Broadcasting :- The session was chaired by Sri. K. Smt.A.Chitra, informed that All India Radio, covered about Radio Broadcasting, TV Broadcasting SUBRAMANIAN, CMD, BECIL. Shri Mohd. Shiraz and general topic on media and society. Seminar started Anwar of Adobe explained about Multi screen at 0930 Hrs and extended up to 1730 Hrs. broadcasting and monetization - Opportunities and Inaugural session: Shri. S.K.Aggarwal, ADG(E) SZ Challenges . Shri V. SARAVANAN of. Cisco Systems AIR&TV and Chairman of BES Chennai chapter India Pvt Ltd delivered lecture Over the Top Television. welcomed the delegates and panellist and explained Sri K.M. SURYANARAYANAN of Real Image role of BES and this seminar in present contest. Shri explained about Digital Cinema Sunit Tandon, Director General, IIMC, New Delhi and Media and Society:- The session was chaired by Sri. Shri. N.S.Ganesan, Former E-In C Doordarsan were NATRAJ, IPS Former DGP, Tamil Nadu. Sri. N. guest of honour. In inaugural address Hon'ble Justice S. SATHIA MOORTHY ,Director, The Observer Research MOHAN, Former Judge, Supreme Court explained foundation, Chennai Chapter, Sri. S. SAMPATH about very important judgement in broadcasting KUMAR, Professor, Asian School of Journalism and delivered by him on Freeing of AIR WAYS .He also Smt. SUDHA RAMALINGAM, actively interacted emphasise the basic need of broadcasting to educate, with delegates the role of media and society. inform and entertain the nation . Sh. K V Ramachandran secretary of BES Chennai chapter delivered vote of thanks Radio Broadcasting :- The session was chaired by Prof. Dr. B. JOTHI MOHAN, Professor, Easwari Engineering College. Sri. I.I. GEORGE, Dy. Director General (Engg) explained all features and it implementation techniques of DRM+. Smt. R. PADMINI, DE(NIB) , BSNL discussed the topic VPN B a s e d C o n t e n t D e l i v e r y . S r i R . BALASUBRAMANIAM, of HP India explained about

34 35 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 REPORT Thanjavur Chapter REPORT Chennai Chapter A. Chitra K V Ramachandran

34 35 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 REPORT Hyderabad Chapter Er. Nuli Namassivaya

software-based radio broadcasting has inherent advantages like cost effectiveness, easy roll-out and wider reach when compared to the conventional hardware-based broadcasting. The technical sessions that followed were divided into three parts. Session-A was chaired by Sri. Y Venkateswarlu, CEO, SAPNET. Shri N. Madhav Reddy, DDG(E), Doordarshan, Hyderabad, in his paper different technologies employed in the production of mental health. Deep breathing, daily meditation, ability 'Beyond HD', described the different high definition solar cells, he explained the molecular composition of to laugh aloud and a positive attitude towards life are systems that are in vogue as well as those in the offing the patented technology developed by their group at some of the factors that help in keeping one's stress e.g., 4k and 8k. The paper highlighted the fact that, side IICT which was acknowledged by reputed laboratories under control, he advised. by side with the progress in the HD TV standards, a in Japan and elsewhere as the most efficient (11.4 % corresponding trend in the use of bigger and bigger TV At the outset, Shri D.S.R.B.N.H. Baba, former BES, Hyderabad Chapter held its annual one-day efficiency) so far. Dr. S. Uday Kumar and Smt. N screens is evident the world over. Shri I.I.George, Chairman, Hyderabad Chapter, delivered the welcome seminar at the Institution of Engineers building, Swapna presented a paper on 'Security issues in ADG(E), AIR&TV, New Delhi gave a presentation on address, in the absence of Sri M.B.S Prushottam, Hyderabad on 15.12.2013. The theme of seminar was Broadcast networks' in which the mathematical the 'Emerging Trends in Digital radio transmission'. He Chairman, BES, Hyderabad Chapter who was 'New dimensions in Broadcasting'. algorithms governing the different encryption and revealed that the DRM System (Digital Radio decryption schemes used in electronic communication indisposed. Dr. V. Rama Rao, CTO, S.V.Bhakti The seminar was inaugurated by Shri A.K. Dixit, Mondiale), being an open standard system, is adopted systems, including broadcasting. To overcome the Channel, summarized the proceedings of the seminar President, BES and Engineer-in-Chief, Doordarshan. by most parts of the world including India. He felt that ingenuity of hackers who are constantly on the prowl, and concluded the event. Er. Nuli Namassivaya, Other dignitaries who graced the occasion were digital radio will soon overtake the present day analogue there is a need to make these algorithms increasingly Secretary, BES, Hyderabad Chapter proposed a vote of Padmasri Prof. B.L. Deekshatulu, former Director radio if only it succeeds in putting out appropriate sophisticated, as per the paper. thanks. A souvenir containing the proceedings of the NRSA, Hyderabad and Dr. T. Hanuman Chowdary, content to the audiences, including value-added seminar was also released on the occasion. services. Session-C was chaired by Dr. Tadisetti Srinivasulu, Chairman, Centre for Telecom Management & Studies, Over 150 delegates comprising BES members, Hyderabad. Principal, KU College of Engg. & Tech., Warangal. Shri Technical Session-B, which took place after lunch, was M. Ravi Shankar,DGM, STP, BSNL, Hyderabad spoke engineering students, faculty of different engineering Sri A.K. Dixit, in his inaugural address, outlined the chaired by Sri Y. Pratap, former Chief Engineer, AIR & on the 'National Optic Fiber Network (NOFN)', a colleges, engineers of different DD and AIR centers in current advancements in broadcast technology and, in TV. Dr. M. Chandra Sekharam, Principal Scientist, project taken up by the Govt. of India. A.P . and professionals from private TV channels particular, Doordarshan's expansion plans in the DTH IICT, Hyderabad spoke on 'Newer & viable The project aims to bring broadband to the doorstep of participated in the seminar. and DTT sectors. He emphasized that the aim of any technologies in Solar Cells'. While describing the each Panchayat across the country, which is a gigantic technological up-gradation should be to help in making task only in terms of the financial outlay involved but the service affordable to the masses. Dr. T. Hanuman also of co-ordination with various implementing Chowdary delivered the key note address on the theme agencies, pooling together the existing fiber networks of 'Evolution of Radio'. Starting from the invention of different service providers and in putting into place a wireless communications in the early 1900s by Dr. hierarchical network architecture, viz. national, Jagadesh Chandra Bose in India and Marconi in regional and local. He told that the project would bring England, Dr. Chowdary traced important mile stones in broadband connectivity to the grass roots level, thus the history of radio technology over the years till the helping the overall national development. Shri present day developments like the internet radio. He Amarnath Rao, Chief Knowledge Catalyst, delivered an called for innovative methods in more efficient use of interesting talk on 'Stress Management'. He said that the electromagnetic spectrum which is a natural stress, at a moderate level, is desirable in improving resource. Dr. Deekshatulu, the guest of honour, spoke work efficiency but, beyond a point, it becomes counter- on the topic of 'Software Radio'. He explained that productive and is even harmful to one's physical and

36 37 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 REPORT Hyderabad Chapter Er. Nuli Namassivaya software-based radio broadcasting has inherent advantages like cost effectiveness, easy roll-out and wider reach when compared to the conventional hardware-based broadcasting. The technical sessions that followed were divided into three parts. Session-A was chaired by Sri. Y Venkateswarlu, CEO, SAPNET. Shri N. Madhav Reddy, DDG(E), Doordarshan, Hyderabad, in his paper different technologies employed in the production of mental health. Deep breathing, daily meditation, ability 'Beyond HD', described the different high definition solar cells, he explained the molecular composition of to laugh aloud and a positive attitude towards life are systems that are in vogue as well as those in the offing the patented technology developed by their group at some of the factors that help in keeping one's stress e.g., 4k and 8k. The paper highlighted the fact that, side IICT which was acknowledged by reputed laboratories under control, he advised. by side with the progress in the HD TV standards, a in Japan and elsewhere as the most efficient (11.4 % corresponding trend in the use of bigger and bigger TV At the outset, Shri D.S.R.B.N.H. Baba, former BES, Hyderabad Chapter held its annual one-day efficiency) so far. Dr. S. Uday Kumar and Smt. N screens is evident the world over. Shri I.I.George, Chairman, Hyderabad Chapter, delivered the welcome seminar at the Institution of Engineers building, Swapna presented a paper on 'Security issues in ADG(E), AIR&TV, New Delhi gave a presentation on address, in the absence of Sri M.B.S Prushottam, Hyderabad on 15.12.2013. The theme of seminar was Broadcast networks' in which the mathematical the 'Emerging Trends in Digital radio transmission'. He Chairman, BES, Hyderabad Chapter who was 'New dimensions in Broadcasting'. algorithms governing the different encryption and revealed that the DRM System (Digital Radio decryption schemes used in electronic communication indisposed. Dr. V. Rama Rao, CTO, S.V.Bhakti The seminar was inaugurated by Shri A.K. Dixit, Mondiale), being an open standard system, is adopted systems, including broadcasting. To overcome the Channel, summarized the proceedings of the seminar President, BES and Engineer-in-Chief, Doordarshan. by most parts of the world including India. He felt that ingenuity of hackers who are constantly on the prowl, and concluded the event. Er. Nuli Namassivaya, Other dignitaries who graced the occasion were digital radio will soon overtake the present day analogue there is a need to make these algorithms increasingly Secretary, BES, Hyderabad Chapter proposed a vote of Padmasri Prof. B.L. Deekshatulu, former Director radio if only it succeeds in putting out appropriate sophisticated, as per the paper. thanks. A souvenir containing the proceedings of the NRSA, Hyderabad and Dr. T. Hanuman Chowdary, content to the audiences, including value-added seminar was also released on the occasion. services. Session-C was chaired by Dr. Tadisetti Srinivasulu, Chairman, Centre for Telecom Management & Studies, Over 150 delegates comprising BES members, Hyderabad. Principal, KU College of Engg. & Tech., Warangal. Shri Technical Session-B, which took place after lunch, was M. Ravi Shankar,DGM, STP, BSNL, Hyderabad spoke engineering students, faculty of different engineering Sri A.K. Dixit, in his inaugural address, outlined the chaired by Sri Y. Pratap, former Chief Engineer, AIR & on the 'National Optic Fiber Network (NOFN)', a colleges, engineers of different DD and AIR centers in current advancements in broadcast technology and, in TV. Dr. M. Chandra Sekharam, Principal Scientist, project taken up by the Govt. of India. A.P . and professionals from private TV channels particular, Doordarshan's expansion plans in the DTH IICT, Hyderabad spoke on 'Newer & viable The project aims to bring broadband to the doorstep of participated in the seminar. and DTT sectors. He emphasized that the aim of any technologies in Solar Cells'. While describing the each Panchayat across the country, which is a gigantic technological up-gradation should be to help in making task only in terms of the financial outlay involved but the service affordable to the masses. Dr. T. Hanuman also of co-ordination with various implementing Chowdary delivered the key note address on the theme agencies, pooling together the existing fiber networks of 'Evolution of Radio'. Starting from the invention of different service providers and in putting into place a wireless communications in the early 1900s by Dr. hierarchical network architecture, viz. national, Jagadesh Chandra Bose in India and Marconi in regional and local. He told that the project would bring England, Dr. Chowdary traced important mile stones in broadband connectivity to the grass roots level, thus the history of radio technology over the years till the helping the overall national development. Shri present day developments like the internet radio. He Amarnath Rao, Chief Knowledge Catalyst, delivered an called for innovative methods in more efficient use of interesting talk on 'Stress Management'. He said that the electromagnetic spectrum which is a natural stress, at a moderate level, is desirable in improving resource. Dr. Deekshatulu, the guest of honour, spoke work efficiency but, beyond a point, it becomes counter- on the topic of 'Software Radio'. He explained that productive and is even harmful to one's physical and

36 37 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 REPORT Jaipur Chapter REPORTNational Public Service Broadcasting Day O.P. Rajpurohit P. K. Singh

November 12 is observed as the Public Service Broadcasting Day in India to commemorate Mahatma Gandhi's maiden visit to AIR studio. On 12 November 1947 Gandhiji spoke on radio to the refugees from Pakistan, stationed at the camp at Kurukshetra. It was Gandhiji's first and last visit to the studio of AIR. Gandhiji was a communicator par excellence. He always emphasized on the service and advocacy aspect of media, two important pillars of public service broadcasting. Shri A.K. Dixit, Engineer-in-Chief, Doordarshan and President, BES (I), Shri V.K. Singla, Chairman, Broadcast Engineering Society (India) celebrated Broadcast Engineering Society(India) Jaipur chapter Key note Speaker and Chief Editor Bhaskar Tv Sh Seminar Committee, and Shri P.K. Singh, Hon. National Public Service Broadcasting Day on Tuesday organized a Workshop on “Role of Public Service Pratul Sinha said the program contents of any Secretary BES (I), wherein The speakers focused on the the 12th November, 2013 at 4.30 PM at Constitution Broadcaster In Present Era” on the occasion of National Broadcaster focuses on three main issues i. e. education , issues in the interest of National Public Broadcaster and Club, Rafi Marg, New Delhi. Dr. S.Y. Quraishi, Former Public Service Broadcasting Day. November 12, is information and entertainment. The prime focus of policy in the field of broadcasting. observed as the Public Service Broadcasting Day in private TV channel is more on entertainment because Chief Election Commissioner of India, was kind enough India to commemorate Mahatma Gandhi's maiden visit they are driven by market forces. All India Radio and to be the Guest of Honour. The dias was adorned by Dr. Mr. P.K. Singh, Hon. Secretary proposed the vote of to All India Radio (AIR) studio. On this day, Gandhi ji Doordarshan being Public Service Broadcaster focus S.Y. Quraishi, Former Chief Election Commissioner of thanks. spoke on radio to refugees from Pakistan, stationed at a more on information and education which have vital India, Shri R. Venkateswarlu, Director General, AIR, camp at Kurukshetra. role in empowerment of people. Honorary Secretary Rajasthan Chapter and Council Chapter Chairman Sh. RS Tyagi said that Electronic member BES Shri O.P. rajpurohit welcomed the guests media, has its own advantages as far as appeal to people and delegates. Speaking on the theme he said that is concerned as it carries the feelings, sense of Gandhiji always emphasized on the service and belongings. Empowerment of masses is the basic need advocacy aspect of the media, as the two important of true democracy, because it is only then that the Govt. pillars of public Service Broadcasting of the people, by the people for the people will be a true reality. Treasurer Sh KC Jain presented the vote of Chief Guest well known Commentator Padma Bhushan thanks. Sh Jasdev Singh said that many TV channels focus on their TRP and not on the national issues which is their prime responsibility. In the race of TRP broadcaster should not forget their aim & responsibility. He lauded the role played and being played by All India Radio and Doordarshan in empowerment of people as they focus on national issues.

38 39 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 REPORT Jaipur Chapter REPORTNational Public Service Broadcasting Day O.P. Rajpurohit P. K. Singh

38 39 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 ABU debates on the Future of Radio 4 key Technology Trends from IBC 2013

Voice of Vietnam's Le Huy Nam supported Chiverton, within) programming and movies, allowing customers to giving examples from Vietnam, where radio reaches interact with the content in a more personalised and more than 99% of the population. While VoV has also responsive way. Netflix, fresh from scooping its first- progressed into multi-media outputs, radio is still so ever Emmy Award, is a great example of a company that important. is embracing technology and the use of data it retrieves from its customers. In Norway digital radio has revitalised radio Content everywhere: By presenting your media on the consumption, but in parts of Europe, “when you talk right platform, in the right configuration at the right time, about digital radio people assume you mean the the opportunities for media owners to multiply the value internet,” said one speaker. of their content is growing exponentially. Not only does serving multi territories with multi languages become After the debate, a series of presentations looked at relevant, but also multi devices with multi specifications, Asia Pacific Broadcasting Union debates on the successes in radio across the region: Future of Radio and multi moments in time with multi versions, opens a Norihito Saito, a Senior Producer at NHK Japan Jelmer Kleingeld outlines four technology trends which wealth of additional monetisation opportunities for great The debate, moderated by chairman Steve Ahern, heard described the importance of NHK Radio's role in came out of IBC 2013 that deserve as much attention as content. With every new platform and device come a new examples from the floor of where radio is embracing delivering safety information to save lives. Ultra HD, or 4K, because of their ability to change the 'standard' way of operating so this is no simple task, but new technology and surviving. game for Europe's broadcasting industry. technology is there to help. Within our operations our Ruxandra Obreja, President of Digital Radio Mondiale The international broadcast technology industry gathered During the discussion session that followed, All India focus is on delivering many versions of the media to discussed the interplay between hardware and software for another IBC in Amsterdam this month. Once again many platforms and screens as efficiently as possible. Radio reminded delegates that radio networks in most in digital radio and the importance of radio in this hugely significant event for the world's content Fibre rollout: Europe's high paced fibre rollout for the countries hold important archival recordings that go far emergencies. owners offered some fascinating insights into the fast- B2B and B2C market certainly evokes a discussion on back before television. “Those are a rich cultural asset moving and converging marketplace we work in, with “Get to know the functionality that digital radio can give using fibre as a very viable delivery method for media to radio and to the country.” this year's show highlighting four interesting new owners as well. Traditional satellite distribution of you and promote it to your audience.” But technology is In India, where All India Radio is now competing publishing and delivery opportunities and trends. channels to be included in cable or DTH offerings is nothing without the right production and Europe's internet bandwidth: The increasing availability being seriously challenged by fibre distribution. Fibre is against more than 300 new commercial stations, the contentaccording to Obreja. enthusiasm for radio has increased as a result of of high bandwidth internet connectivity and capacity in way more cost-effective to launch channels across Europe allows not only the consumer to enjoy their media competition, and in Fiji television is growing but radio is “We need to sell radio again, we must market the new Europe, where the option exists. The rollout of high speed more easily, it also allows technical facilities to better still king. features of digital radio to listeners and to governments. connections across Europe to support the consumer We must plan and commission interesting 'software' (in support the digital travel of media files from origination demand for internet is also providing an opportunity for to destination digitally. New compression technology The Asia Pacific Broadcasting Union's general other words program content) so that listeners have broadcasters. The demonstration we built for IBC last allows transportation of even heavier files (think of 4K or year, showed a broadcast service being carried over a assembly in Hanoi, Vietnam, has heard that radio is plenty of interesting things to listen to,” she said. reinventing itself in the face of exciting but frightening Ultra HD movies or series), contributing to efficient use standard UPC 120Mb/s consumer connection. challenges. Read More:-http://asiaradiotoday.com/2013/10/abu- of that same bandwidth. Even one step further, using So as IBC becomes a distant memory, once again we are general-assembly-what-was-discussed-in-the-radio- software as a service (SaaS) products in the media all left excited about the future opportunities for our A debate in the Radio Working Party session tackled the session/ 24/10/2013 industry potentially removes the need for content owners industry. From pan-European data highways and high- proposition that radio is still the 'Captain of the to invest in capital intensive technology themselves. capacity internet exchange hubs, to efficiencies in Airwaves.' Delivery of the latest episode of a popular series within 24 compression and smart data storage, technology has hours of its release in the USA, not only means a greater Supporting the Yes case, RTHK's Hugh Chiverton told a taken a huge step forward and has opened up a number of audience being reached faster and delivering greater opportunities for the European broadcasting industry. packed hall that radio is everywhere but “it is print that is monetisation, it also reduces the demand for pirate declining.” Jelmer Kleingeld is vice president and general manager at copies. Chello DMC. There are tens of thousands of radio stations people still Metadata: The convergence of metadata and media, Source & Credit : http://www.theguardian.com/media- want to consume entertainment and information in an embedding the data to enrich the content offering, is more network/media-network-blog/2013/sep/27/4- audio from, he said. than just an opportunity for media owners. This is technology-trends-ibc-2013-broadcasting changing the landscape for (advertising placement

40 41 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 ABU debates on the Future of Radio 4 key Technology Trends from IBC 2013

40 41 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 asbestos roof of his house and destroyed both the rooms. Sudha Mishra told. "We started airing information The Role of Radio during Phailin Only some broken bricks are scattered around. Jena has related to the disaster three days before the cyclone Devesh Kumar Sachan been trying to resume his life at the site where he struck and continued until it had weakened. We also returned a day after the storm crossed the coast, tearing broadcast special bulletins and were advising people apart hundreds of thousands of houses like his. what to do and what not to do hours before it struck," she Data is information, information is knowledge and Gopalpur. The media lauded radio's miraculous role in added. knowledge is power. For the people living in areas saving lives when Cyclone Phailin, the strongest storm Besides, AIR, which has its main centre at Cuttack and where there are one or many natural disasters, the power in 14 years to sweep across the states of Odisha and smaller centers in several district headquarters, also of 'Radio' has been proved again and again towards Andhra Pradesh saw winds reach 200 kilometres per aired a few live phone-ins to enable people relate what disaster management. Although, it is true that print and hour. Radio announcements were made to evacuate was happening around them. other media contribute to the society by spreading data areas likely to be hit by the storm and gave locations of With power supply yet to be restored worst-hit Ganjam and information, it is also a fact that they are not able to temporary cyclone shelters. According, an estimated district its people were relying on their discarded meet the individual needs of the varied and complex one million people were evacuated to safety hours transistor radios to remain connected to the rest of the society. In such areas, Radio certainly provides an before the disaster. Local retailers reported a dramatic world. environment where citizens can obtain data and increase in demand for radios after the first cyclone information must be guaranteed. warning was aired. Power supply to coastal Ganjam district had been disconnected on the day from 11 am as per a standing Gajendra Jena, 55, a resident of Puri kept his radio instruction of the state government as strong gales from switched on for updates when Cyclone Phailin, the Bay of Bengal had crossed the 60 km per hour mark strongest storm to hit India's eastern coast in 14 years, much before the cyclone landfall that took place at 8.30 was nearing. He packed essential items such as beaten Not only to Jena, radio helped a large number of families pm. rice, sugar, clothes, money and his radio set and went to to make their plans ahead of the storm and decide their the nearby cyclone shelter along with his wife and two next course of action. The very severe tropical cyclone small children, immediately after a special radio bulletin left a trail of destruction, bringing heavy rain and said people needed to evacuate. causing floods. The fewer casualties have been attributed to the evacuation of more than one million people to safety hours before the disaster. While government officials played a major role in the evacuation, without mobile phones and the radio it would not have been possible to achieve this, a senior official in the disaster management department admitted. Disaster management and information transmission technology are closely connected. In all the phases of Arun Kumar Subuddhi, the owner of Time and Sound disaster- 'damage mitigation', 'preparedness', 'early- that deals in Philips radios in Bhubaneswar, said the warning', 'response' and 'recovery and rehabilitation' demand was so high that he sold more than 600 sets data, information and communication play important within hours after the first warning of the cyclone was "Since there was no other way to know what is roles. The exchange of information, sharing information sounded. "Three days later, people were still looking for happening around us during the cyclone, the transistor and discussion among citizens are essential for disaster radios and we sold more than 100 sets," he added. radio gave us vital information. We had virtually management. It has been established that radio, which The bulletin warned those who are staying within five The state-run broadcaster All India Radio (AIR), which stopped using radios for a long time," said Pranita promotes sharing of knowledge and experience and km of the coast in dilapidated, thatched house or homes reaches more than 80 per cent of Odisha, particularly the Mohapatra, a housewife. self-help/mutual-help can play an important role in with asbestos roofing to move to safer places, Jena said. interior rural pockets, prepared days before the cyclone “Berhampur station of All India Radio broadcasted times of disaster and disaster management in normal "Our house got damaged which we will re-build, but struck and stocked adequate diesel to ensure updated information about movements of Cyclone times. thank god we could save our lives. It was the radio which uninterrupted transmission from its various centers. Phailin and the devastation caused by it”, Chief of informed us about the danger," the cyclone survivor told This report is based on a few real stories published in "Radio penetration is very high in rural areas. Any Programmes, AIR Berhampur, Hrusikesh Panigrahi while sitting near his destroyed house less than two km media regarding role of Radio when Phailin, the village you go to, you will find at least one battery- said. The FM radio station in Berhampur too provided from the coast at the beach town of Puri, about 56 kms cyclone, struck Odisha on the night of 12.10.2013 near operated radio. Therefore, we had made elaborate information about the devastation, particularly in from capital Bhubaneswar. The storm ripped off the arrangements," AIR Bhubaneswar Station Director Ms

42 43 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 asbestos roof of his house and destroyed both the rooms. Sudha Mishra told. "We started airing information The Role of Radio during Phailin Only some broken bricks are scattered around. Jena has related to the disaster three days before the cyclone Devesh Kumar Sachan been trying to resume his life at the site where he struck and continued until it had weakened. We also returned a day after the storm crossed the coast, tearing broadcast special bulletins and were advising people apart hundreds of thousands of houses like his. what to do and what not to do hours before it struck," she Data is information, information is knowledge and Gopalpur. The media lauded radio's miraculous role in added. knowledge is power. For the people living in areas saving lives when Cyclone Phailin, the strongest storm Besides, AIR, which has its main centre at Cuttack and where there are one or many natural disasters, the power in 14 years to sweep across the states of Odisha and smaller centers in several district headquarters, also of 'Radio' has been proved again and again towards Andhra Pradesh saw winds reach 200 kilometres per aired a few live phone-ins to enable people relate what disaster management. Although, it is true that print and hour. Radio announcements were made to evacuate was happening around them. other media contribute to the society by spreading data areas likely to be hit by the storm and gave locations of With power supply yet to be restored worst-hit Ganjam and information, it is also a fact that they are not able to temporary cyclone shelters. According, an estimated district its people were relying on their discarded meet the individual needs of the varied and complex one million people were evacuated to safety hours transistor radios to remain connected to the rest of the society. In such areas, Radio certainly provides an before the disaster. Local retailers reported a dramatic world. environment where citizens can obtain data and increase in demand for radios after the first cyclone information must be guaranteed. warning was aired. Power supply to coastal Ganjam district had been disconnected on the day from 11 am as per a standing Gajendra Jena, 55, a resident of Puri kept his radio instruction of the state government as strong gales from switched on for updates when Cyclone Phailin, the Bay of Bengal had crossed the 60 km per hour mark strongest storm to hit India's eastern coast in 14 years, much before the cyclone landfall that took place at 8.30 was nearing. He packed essential items such as beaten Not only to Jena, radio helped a large number of families pm. rice, sugar, clothes, money and his radio set and went to to make their plans ahead of the storm and decide their the nearby cyclone shelter along with his wife and two next course of action. The very severe tropical cyclone small children, immediately after a special radio bulletin left a trail of destruction, bringing heavy rain and said people needed to evacuate. causing floods. The fewer casualties have been attributed to the evacuation of more than one million people to safety hours before the disaster. While government officials played a major role in the evacuation, without mobile phones and the radio it would not have been possible to achieve this, a senior official in the disaster management department admitted. Disaster management and information transmission technology are closely connected. In all the phases of Arun Kumar Subuddhi, the owner of Time and Sound disaster- 'damage mitigation', 'preparedness', 'early- that deals in Philips radios in Bhubaneswar, said the warning', 'response' and 'recovery and rehabilitation' demand was so high that he sold more than 600 sets data, information and communication play important within hours after the first warning of the cyclone was "Since there was no other way to know what is roles. The exchange of information, sharing information sounded. "Three days later, people were still looking for happening around us during the cyclone, the transistor and discussion among citizens are essential for disaster radios and we sold more than 100 sets," he added. radio gave us vital information. We had virtually management. It has been established that radio, which The bulletin warned those who are staying within five The state-run broadcaster All India Radio (AIR), which stopped using radios for a long time," said Pranita promotes sharing of knowledge and experience and km of the coast in dilapidated, thatched house or homes reaches more than 80 per cent of Odisha, particularly the Mohapatra, a housewife. self-help/mutual-help can play an important role in with asbestos roofing to move to safer places, Jena said. interior rural pockets, prepared days before the cyclone “Berhampur station of All India Radio broadcasted times of disaster and disaster management in normal "Our house got damaged which we will re-build, but struck and stocked adequate diesel to ensure updated information about movements of Cyclone times. thank god we could save our lives. It was the radio which uninterrupted transmission from its various centers. Phailin and the devastation caused by it”, Chief of informed us about the danger," the cyclone survivor told This report is based on a few real stories published in "Radio penetration is very high in rural areas. Any Programmes, AIR Berhampur, Hrusikesh Panigrahi while sitting near his destroyed house less than two km media regarding role of Radio when Phailin, the village you go to, you will find at least one battery- said. The FM radio station in Berhampur too provided from the coast at the beach town of Puri, about 56 kms cyclone, struck Odisha on the night of 12.10.2013 near operated radio. Therefore, we had made elaborate information about the devastation, particularly in from capital Bhubaneswar. The storm ripped off the arrangements," AIR Bhubaneswar Station Director Ms

42 43 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 APPOINTMENTSAPPOINTMENTS

Shri. R.K.Budhraja, an IBES officer of 1976 batch has taken over the charge of Engineer-in-Chief All India Radio w.e.f. 01.09.2013. Possessing Graduate degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and Post Graduation with specialization in Microwave Engineering from Delhi College of Engineering, Sh. Budhraja started his career in UCO Bank as Probationary Officer. After serving the bank for six months, he joined All India Radio at O/o Chief Engineer (West Zone), Mumbai on 29th December 1977. Later on, he also served at various field offices and AIR Directorate in various capacities. At AIR Directorate, Sh. Budhraja has handled Estimates, Planning, Studio Design and Modernization & Renovation effectively for long periods. He has been personally associated with digitalization of studios and transmitters of All India Radio. He has also worked as Additional Director General with the responsibilities of Maintenance, Projects and Development. Shri.Budhraja has been instrumental in leading technical teams for the coverage of prestigious events like 1982-Asian Games, 1983-CHOGM, 1986-Reliance Cricket World Cup and 2010-Commonwealth Games. Shri Budhraja had also represented the department at high level Ganjam district, said Sudarshan Mohanty, a resident of villages - New Bauxipalli, Golabandh, Digipur, meetings of ABU Technical Committee. He has travelled various countries like Bhutan, Malaysia, France, Maldives, China, South Berhampur. Interviews of different authorities, Haripur, Basanaputi, Ariapalli, Gopalpur, Rangeliunda, Korea etc. He is a recipient of Akashvani Annual Award for four times for his contribution/Technical Excellence in different works. including Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik, district Karapalli, he added. Such a wide exposure makes his mammoth task easy and effective while heading the entire network of AIR Stations all over the collector Krishan Kumar, managing director of country. After the departure of cyclone the flood in north Odisha BES(I) extends it's best wishes to Shri.R.K. Budhraja, E-in-C for a Successful & Glorious tenure. Southco, the power distribution company P K made the lives miserable. AIR Cuttack continued whole Choudhury, commissioner of Berhampur Municipal night transmission on the day of cyclone. After that Corporation Ajit Mishra were aired, said Panigrahi. Shri A.K. Dixit, an IBES officer of 1976 batch has taken over the charge of Engineer-in-Chief numbers of Phone-in programmes, Radio reports were Doordarshan w.e.f. 01.11.2013. "We also aired live phone-in programme of the victims broadcast. Shri A.K. Dixit is a versatile Engineer having vast experience of 36 years in various disciplines of of different places," he said. Also from AIR, Keonjhar interviews and messages of broadcasting. He has worked in various capacities in All India Radio and Doordarshan at different centres AIR was broadcasting programs on devastation in the District Collector and other authorities were of Akashwani, Zonal Offices, Research Department and both the Directorates of AIR and Doordarshan. different places and plight of the cyclone victims in repeatedly broadcast in all the transmissions along with An Engineering Graduate from Delhi College of Engineering (1975 batch in Electrical (Electronics) stream), Sh. Dixit got into AIR and Doordarshan through UPSC Combined Engineering Services Exam different places every half-an hour. Live phone-in measures to be taken by the listeners on their own to face 1976 Batch. He joined as Assistant Station Engineer in Commercial Broadcasting Services, All India programmes were being aired from the worst-affected the cyclone. Radio, Akashwani Bhawan, New Delhi on 19th September 1977. From thereon, he has served in various wings and stations of both AIR and Doordarshan in Executive and Managerial capacities. He has wide experience in planning and designing of Radio Studios, Research in acoustics and audio fields and the execution of various studios and transmitter projects. During two years of tenure of Mr. Dixit as Additional Director General (Engg.) (South Zone), he has been instrumental for successful implementation of more than 100 projects of Akashwani and Doordarshan in different States of Southern India and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. In Doordarshan Directorate as Additional Director General (Engg.), he was the In-charge of project planning & Awards design and its implementation besides operation and maintenance of Satellite broadcasting systems in Doordarshan Network. Mr. Dixit is a widely travelled person and has an insight exposure of a number of Doordarshan and AIR Centres all over the network. Very few know that Mr Dixit also carries a softer and cultural aspect along with tough core engineering. He pursued and obtained Post- It is a matter of great pride that Shri Alok Saxena, Graduate Diploma in Journalism in 1982. Mr Dixit has delivered a number of Radio Talks on Science/Education on the main channel BES(I) life member and Assistant Engineer, DD of AIR Delhi. Mr Dixit is also the life fellow of IETE and is Technical liaison & Bureau member in ABU. He is also the President of Directorate has been awarded " jktho xka/kh jk"Vªh; Broadcast Engineering Society (India). Kku&foKku ekSfyd iqLrd ys[ku iqjLdkj" on Hindi BES(I) extends it's best wishes to Shri A.K. Dixit for a successful & glorious tenure ahead. Divas, 14. 09.2013 by Hon'ble President of India at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi. Shri Alok Saxena, an Shri R. Venkateswarlu has taken over the charge of Director General All India Radio wef 01.11.2013. engineer by profession, is a prolific author and has Born on 01.02.1954, Sh. Vekateswarlu holds dual masters degrees in Political Science and Journalism & authored number of articles and books. Mass Communication. Sh. Vekateswarlu has 35 years of Mass-Media Experience in Indian Information Service, All India Radio. Doordarshan and Prasar Bharati Secretariat and also Administrative, Personnel and Financial Management of AIR and Doordarshan Networks. Till recently he was posted as Additional BES(I) congratulates Alok on this achievement, Director General ( South Zone). Supervising All India Radio Stations, Doordarshan Kendras and which has made all of us proud and wishes that many marketing divisions in South Zone. more successes are bestowed on him in future. BES(I) extends it's best wishes to Shri R.Venkateswarlu for a successful & glorious tenure ahead.

Alok Saxena AE Doordarshan receives Award from Hon'ble President of India

44 45 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 APPOINTMENTSAPPOINTMENTS

Alok Saxena AE Doordarshan receives Award from Hon'ble President of India

44 45 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 middle at a lower level where Nehru was going to sit. 15 am and conduct the second session till 7 a.m. There We thought that Nehru will either come to one of the was a make shift bed behind the control panel . In case standing microphones or address the gathering in the of an emergency the sleeping engineer would be woken sitting position. When Station Engineer Banerji up. Reminiscences inspected the arrangement, he asked “what will you do When I went for training in receiving centre, I reported Reminiscences if Nehru decides to address by standing up from his to Mr. S. N. Mitra who was in charge of that receiving position itself?” Banerji advised Joglekar should go to After passing B.E. (Telecom) from Poona engineering centre. He routinely asked me the question , “Which college I could not join immediately for PhD under my the dais and adjust the mike. college are you from?” When I said Poona, he suddenly Prof. S. V. C. Aiya because he got transferred. So, I As luck would have it, Nehru did precisely what Banerji exclaimed ,“So, you are Prof. Aiya's student!” joined All India Radio. I spent one year in Delhi station anticipated. I rushed to the dais and tried to turn the mike Both Aiya and Mitra were educated in Cambridge and three years in research department also in Delhi. to catch up Nehru's speech. But it was too short. University in England But they were rivals as both of This gave me a very valuable practical experience Fortunately a few books published at the function were them were doing research on Atmospheric Radio Noise which helped me immensely in my career in many ways lying on the table. I stacked them up and placed the mike using their own different methods for measurement of Phase 1. University Trainee July 1956 to Dec. 1956 on the top .That was adequate and we, particularly Mr. noise. I was aware of this rivalry. Banerji, heaved a sigh of relief. When we passed out in June 1956 no jobs were waiting Mitra started paying special attention to what I was for us. For any job mere academic qualification is not In the studio there were shift duties changing every day. doing . Whereas other trainees had only one viva at the sufficient. Employers prefer a person with some Evening shift (4 to 11 p.m.) used to be particularly end of their training, I was cross examined daily. practical experience. But unless a person gets a job, how hectic. At 7 p.m. language news bulletins used to start Fortunately, Mitra was satisfied and got me transferred can he get experience? and if you were in the control room you will have to sit to research department and placed me in wavelength on the console monitoring the bulletins from 7 p.m. to 8 section which decided frequency schedules of AIR's To overcome this difficulty, the Ministry of Education of p.m. hearing in one ear one set of bulletins beamed to short wave services. Govt. of India had then started a scheme of awarding south ( Tamil, Telugu, kannada and Malyalam) and stipendiary trainee placements. I was placed in AIR hearing in the other ear the other set of bulletins beamed Phase 3 Research Department Sept 1957 to May Delhi for six months on a stipend of Rs. 150/- p.m to east (Gorkhali, Assamese, Oriya and Bengali ). The 1960 My first placement was in studios at Broadcasting technical assistant available at 6 55 p.m. will get that The wavelength section was given a radio on which we House - a building on Parliament street with remarkable assignment and he will be glued to that position for one could tune Medium and short wave stations. An architecture.. Mr. A. K. Banerjee was the station hour. important episode in Indian cricket has been Chandu Engineer who was a nice gentleman. There were two To avoid this boring assignment, I would go to the senior Borde missing his century in the second innings. Borde control rooms, the main control room had 12 studios engineer in charge of the shift by 6-45 p.m..and ask him had scored a century in the first innings and was on a starting with Mall road. I learnt many things about attached to it and the new control room in an extension “Has anybody put on the F M. transmitter?” The FM score of 90 plus Had he scored a century in the second medium wave and short wave transmitters, antennas and building with 5 studios. The lay out of the main control transmitter on the terrace of the broadcasting House innings also, he would have got a rare distinction But feeders from my senior colleague Amdekar There was a room and the studios attached to it was circular like a provided a stand by link between studio and transmitter. his partner was out. Just to give Borde the chance, medium wave transmitter supplied by Brown Bovery chakravyuha. I made proper notes of broadcast chain So, it was necessary to turn on the transmitter by going Manjrekar -though wounded- had come to play. We company which had a complicated control circuit like from microphone in a studio to transmitting antennas. to the terrace. Senior Engineers working in the studios were all listening with great excitement. Even staff that in a Telephone exchange. In Poona we were taught This phase was essentially to get accustomed to living were generally not familiar with this FM transmitter. So members from administrative section had come in our those control circuits thoroughly. So, both Amdekar and outside Maharashtra and adjusting to work shift in charge would ask me to do the job. Since I had small room.. Unfortunately much to the disappointment myself were well conversant with it whereas other old of everybody Borde himself got out. A few years ago environment. worked on transmitters during the first leg of my engineers used to be uncomfortable. It used to carry that is sometime in 2010 or so Chandu Borde had Phase 2.Technical Assistant Feb 57 to Sept 57 training , I knew how to tune and operate it. I would western music program which we could enjoy when a himself commented on his missing the second century. come back from the terrace leisurely at five minutes past When we were in the final year in COEP, UPSC ad for good quality loud speaker was installed. I also Interestingly Borde said that he is remembered in seven and thus escape monitoring news bulletins. the post of Technical Assistants in AIR had appeared and developed liking for Hindustani classical music. cricket history for having missed it He would not have many of us had applied. In my interview I showed the because of my service in AIR. Night shifts in studios were made less taxing by an been remembered as much if he had made it. notes I had prepared during my training which helped unwritten convention. There used to be two engineers Next, I shifted to the studio centre. On the first day itself S. N.Salgarkar and myself were very active members me in getting selected whereas some others from my on duty and there were two sessions. The first up to 1-15 I was put on an Outside Broadcast ( OB ) duty to cover a of AIR Engineers Association Second pay commission college were not successful. I got posting at the am for Europe. The other for east Asian countries function of inauguration of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan at report was then under consideration of the government transmitting station at mall road in Delhi. would start at 2-30 a.m. So one engineer on coming to the hands of the prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the question of merger of the two non gazetted duty will carry out the transmissions upto 1-15 a.m. and AIR decided that all the newly recruited T.A.s will himself. We had placed two standing microphones at cadres of T.A. (Rs 250-400 ) and A.E. ( Rs.350-650 ) then sleep upto morning 7 a.m. The other engineer on undergo a training of six months at transmitters, studios, the two ends of the dais and one microphone in the was a hot issue. How to accommodate all existing and receiving center. So I had a second round of training coming to duty will straight away sleep and get up at 2- employees in a merged cadre was a vexatious issue. We

46 47 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 middle at a lower level where Nehru was going to sit. 15 am and conduct the second session till 7 a.m. There We thought that Nehru will either come to one of the was a make shift bed behind the control panel . In case standing microphones or address the gathering in the of an emergency the sleeping engineer would be woken sitting position. When Station Engineer Banerji up. Reminiscences inspected the arrangement, he asked “what will you do When I went for training in receiving centre, I reported Reminiscences if Nehru decides to address by standing up from his to Mr. S. N. Mitra who was in charge of that receiving position itself?” Banerji advised Joglekar should go to After passing B.E. (Telecom) from Poona engineering centre. He routinely asked me the question , “Which college I could not join immediately for PhD under my the dais and adjust the mike. college are you from?” When I said Poona, he suddenly Prof. S. V. C. Aiya because he got transferred. So, I As luck would have it, Nehru did precisely what Banerji exclaimed ,“So, you are Prof. Aiya's student!” joined All India Radio. I spent one year in Delhi station anticipated. I rushed to the dais and tried to turn the mike Both Aiya and Mitra were educated in Cambridge and three years in research department also in Delhi. to catch up Nehru's speech. But it was too short. University in England But they were rivals as both of This gave me a very valuable practical experience Fortunately a few books published at the function were them were doing research on Atmospheric Radio Noise which helped me immensely in my career in many ways lying on the table. I stacked them up and placed the mike using their own different methods for measurement of Phase 1. University Trainee July 1956 to Dec. 1956 on the top .That was adequate and we, particularly Mr. noise. I was aware of this rivalry. Banerji, heaved a sigh of relief. When we passed out in June 1956 no jobs were waiting Mitra started paying special attention to what I was for us. For any job mere academic qualification is not In the studio there were shift duties changing every day. doing . Whereas other trainees had only one viva at the sufficient. Employers prefer a person with some Evening shift (4 to 11 p.m.) used to be particularly end of their training, I was cross examined daily. practical experience. But unless a person gets a job, how hectic. At 7 p.m. language news bulletins used to start Fortunately, Mitra was satisfied and got me transferred can he get experience? and if you were in the control room you will have to sit to research department and placed me in wavelength on the console monitoring the bulletins from 7 p.m. to 8 section which decided frequency schedules of AIR's To overcome this difficulty, the Ministry of Education of p.m. hearing in one ear one set of bulletins beamed to short wave services. Govt. of India had then started a scheme of awarding south ( Tamil, Telugu, kannada and Malyalam) and stipendiary trainee placements. I was placed in AIR hearing in the other ear the other set of bulletins beamed Phase 3 Research Department Sept 1957 to May Delhi for six months on a stipend of Rs. 150/- p.m to east (Gorkhali, Assamese, Oriya and Bengali ). The 1960 My first placement was in studios at Broadcasting technical assistant available at 6 55 p.m. will get that The wavelength section was given a radio on which we House - a building on Parliament street with remarkable assignment and he will be glued to that position for one could tune Medium and short wave stations. An architecture.. Mr. A. K. Banerjee was the station hour. important episode in Indian cricket has been Chandu Engineer who was a nice gentleman. There were two To avoid this boring assignment, I would go to the senior Borde missing his century in the second innings. Borde control rooms, the main control room had 12 studios engineer in charge of the shift by 6-45 p.m..and ask him had scored a century in the first innings and was on a starting with Mall road. I learnt many things about attached to it and the new control room in an extension “Has anybody put on the F M. transmitter?” The FM score of 90 plus Had he scored a century in the second medium wave and short wave transmitters, antennas and building with 5 studios. The lay out of the main control transmitter on the terrace of the broadcasting House innings also, he would have got a rare distinction But feeders from my senior colleague Amdekar There was a room and the studios attached to it was circular like a provided a stand by link between studio and transmitter. his partner was out. Just to give Borde the chance, medium wave transmitter supplied by Brown Bovery chakravyuha. I made proper notes of broadcast chain So, it was necessary to turn on the transmitter by going Manjrekar -though wounded- had come to play. We company which had a complicated control circuit like from microphone in a studio to transmitting antennas. to the terrace. Senior Engineers working in the studios were all listening with great excitement. Even staff that in a Telephone exchange. In Poona we were taught This phase was essentially to get accustomed to living were generally not familiar with this FM transmitter. So members from administrative section had come in our those control circuits thoroughly. So, both Amdekar and outside Maharashtra and adjusting to work shift in charge would ask me to do the job. Since I had small room.. Unfortunately much to the disappointment myself were well conversant with it whereas other old of everybody Borde himself got out. A few years ago environment. worked on transmitters during the first leg of my engineers used to be uncomfortable. It used to carry that is sometime in 2010 or so Chandu Borde had Phase 2.Technical Assistant Feb 57 to Sept 57 training , I knew how to tune and operate it. I would western music program which we could enjoy when a himself commented on his missing the second century. come back from the terrace leisurely at five minutes past When we were in the final year in COEP, UPSC ad for good quality loud speaker was installed. I also Interestingly Borde said that he is remembered in seven and thus escape monitoring news bulletins. the post of Technical Assistants in AIR had appeared and developed liking for Hindustani classical music. cricket history for having missed it He would not have many of us had applied. In my interview I showed the because of my service in AIR. Night shifts in studios were made less taxing by an been remembered as much if he had made it. notes I had prepared during my training which helped unwritten convention. There used to be two engineers Next, I shifted to the studio centre. On the first day itself S. N.Salgarkar and myself were very active members me in getting selected whereas some others from my on duty and there were two sessions. The first up to 1-15 I was put on an Outside Broadcast ( OB ) duty to cover a of AIR Engineers Association Second pay commission college were not successful. I got posting at the am for Europe. The other for east Asian countries function of inauguration of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan at report was then under consideration of the government transmitting station at mall road in Delhi. would start at 2-30 a.m. So one engineer on coming to the hands of the prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the question of merger of the two non gazetted duty will carry out the transmissions upto 1-15 a.m. and AIR decided that all the newly recruited T.A.s will himself. We had placed two standing microphones at cadres of T.A. (Rs 250-400 ) and A.E. ( Rs.350-650 ) then sleep upto morning 7 a.m. The other engineer on undergo a training of six months at transmitters, studios, the two ends of the dais and one microphone in the was a hot issue. How to accommodate all existing and receiving center. So I had a second round of training coming to duty will straight away sleep and get up at 2- employees in a merged cadre was a vexatious issue. We

46 47 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 applied our minds and convinced the authorities that we draft a note several times before I finally put it up. In addition there was a programme of measurement of research department of All India Radio participated in need 66 percent leave reserve ( and not just 10% which about three or four months time, I started getting atmospheric noise by a subjective method . This IGY by carrying out measurement on the ionosphere at is a norm for offices ) since the radio station has to work compliments from the bosses that Joglekar's notes had laboratory was located at Todapur beyond Pusa the Todapur receiving center in Delhi. on all 7 days. As a result we got merger on the higher clarity of expression. One clearly understood the point institute in Delhi. Todapur receiving center had to AIR was a launch pad scale of A.E. which then was Rs. 275 to 800 class II he had to make. perform other regular duties such as checking the In summary I would put down my gains of starting my gazetted . The same pay commission revised the pay 3.2 My First Research Paper frequencies of our short wave transmitters when they scale for technical assistants in O.C. S. ( Overseas were coming up on air at a different frequency and also career with AIR rather than directly joining for PhD as Communication Service ) from Rs. 250- 400 to only Rs The British Broadcasting Corporation had published an preparing reception reports for foreign broadcasting follows:- 250-500 because their case was not properly put up. exhaustive book giving antenna patterns for various stations. This Todapur receiving center used to work My work in research department developed in me kinds of antenna array configurations. These were 3.1 Reception Reports round the clock and a van used to carry the staff on duty aptitude for applied research. popularly called onion diagrams. All India Radio had from their residence and back. Each station of All India Radio had studios, one medium thought of our own configuration for which BBC I gathered solid background of radio wave propagation wave transmitter and a receiving center. diagrams were not available. I was asked to plot the The ionospheric recorder used by All India Radio was a which helped me in my doctoral work on Atmospheric directivity patterns of these antennas. Plotting onion manual recorder in which critical frequency of the Radio Noise in Indian Institute of Science Bangalore The job of the receiving center was to receive news and ionosphere was measured. This was done by manually during 1960-63. other broadcasts from Delhi and feed the sound output to diagrams was a very tedious process. There are 2 different angles one is the angle in the horizontal plane increasing the frequency of the transmitter and the echo the transmitter via the studio. The receiving centers obtained from ionosphere was displayed on the CRO My paper on antennas got me a job in IIT Delhi which were required to submit reception report of the reception denoted by Greek letter phi and the other is angle in the sent me to BBC research department in England to vertical plane denoted by Theta So we have to take all screen. This was observed by the operator. As the conditions experienced by them on the short wave frequency increased the echo would be delayed but work on UHF antennas. broadcast from Delhi. These reports were to be combinations of the 360 degrees in the horizontal plane and 0 to 180 degrees in the vertical plane and at very would increase in amplitude. As the transmitter My PhD. student in IIT Delhi analysed the atmospheric submitted to our section in the research department of frequency approached the critical frequency of the noise data recorded during 1959-65 by American All India Radio at Delhi on a weekly basis. The reports close intervals of these values we solve or evaluate those trigonometrical functions. Sampat had found out ionosphere the echo would split in to two parts called automatic recorder in Delhi. We found correlation with used to come by post and would take a long time to reach ordinary and extraordinary. They would then reduce in Sunspot Number. A paper was published in IEEE me, the person analyzing the reports. Based on these in an earlier paper that these factors are related and he had plotted some contours for which the same values is amplitude and when the operating frequency reached Proceedings. At REC Tiruchirapalli we analysed the reports we had to take appropriate action on changing the critical frequency of the ionosphere the echo would world wide data of the same American recorder and the operating frequency of the particular short wave obtained something like isotropic lines on a map. But that was not enough to plot the patterns. One day it vanish. The frequency at which this occurred would be published a paper in an American Journal “Radio service and thus these reports were an important a measure of critical frequency. This will be noted from Science.” feedback. suddenly flashed to me that if I take the horizontal and the vertical directivity values not in numerical values the setting of the knob which changed the transmitter When I started as consultant in Mumbai in 1975 , ECtv It used to take me a whole week to do this routine work but logarithmic /decibel values then I will get the frequency. Such a manual recording was very good for immediately appointed me as their antenna consultant of keeping track and analyzing these weekly reports . required directivity patterns straight away. Because understanding the finer points of ionospheric radio because I had both theoretical and practical knowledge. But I streamlined the whole procedure by asking all when the numbers multiply the logarithms add so it will propagation. However for a large scale data collection Based on that assignment I published a popular level the receiving stations to send the report in a standardized be at the intersection of horizontal and vertical contours this was unsuitable because a skilled operator was article in “Science Today” and since then published form. So , I could finish the whole job in just one day. that I will get the directivity pattern I want. My paper required to operate the ionospheric sounder equipment. hundreds of articles on various subjects in English , This left me free to take up other assignments which was published in the journal of Institution of Radio noise and clutter would make the judgment of Marathi and occasionally Hindi newspapers. would come to our section from time to time. For Telecommunications Engineers India The title of the critical frequency a subjective matter. Sometimes there example, if AIR wants to start a service for listeners in may not be any operator to take the reading and so data By working in studios I acquired good knowledge of paper was “a simple graphical method for plotting sound systems and acoustics while experience at Argentina in South America what should be the directivity patterns….” for that period will be lost. At the end of the month the frequency , the antenna and where should a relay station research department of All India Radio used to publish transmitters gave me of high voltage RF circuits. be located. These short assignments established me as 3.3 Ionospheric Research its ionospheric data in the form of monthly tables of 24 Incidentally I also learnt to speak fluently in Hindi. the person for carrying out all non-routine jobs. In the year 1958, the sunspot number exceeded hours i.e. 24 columns and 30 rows Such tabulated data But above all it gave me friends from all states and significantly and crossed 150 mark. This led to several used to have many ambiguous entries and in some cases develop a national outlook. IFRB ( international Frequency Registration Bureau ) of no entries at all. ITU (International Telecommunication Union) was special effects and anomalies in ionospheric radio working out a frequency schedule for different seasons propagation. I was actively working on this subject in There was a global co-operative effort called Prof. Dr. P. J. Joglekar and for different epochs of sunspot cycle in the research department of All India Radio at that time. international Geo physical Year (IGY) involving B.E. (Telecom), Ph.D., F.I.E., F.I.E.T.E., F.B.E.S. collaboration with all countries. I worked on that under Research work was also going on in our section under laboratories spread all over the world. Americans had Consultant in Electronics & Telecommunications J. M. Roy. Mitra He had obtained research grants from CSIR and developed an automatic ionosheric recorder C-4 and Flat No.5, Rajashree Building. had a few junior and senior research fellows working had collected data by installing these recorders at I had to prepare technical notes on these investigations Ram-maruti Road,Thane 400 602 under him who were not employees of All India Radio. various places in the world. One of them was Delhi They which would go up to the Chief Engineer. Initially I had also recorded atmospheric noise data during 1959- Tel. (022-2536 6540) & mobile 9819204976 used to feel afraid that my write- ups may not be liked by Our ionospheric section had a laboratory where 65 in Delhi and several places around the world. The E-mail [email protected] the higher-ups and I might get a bad name. So, I used to ionospheric soundings were done on a regular basis. In

48 49 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 applied our minds and convinced the authorities that we draft a note several times before I finally put it up. In addition there was a programme of measurement of research department of All India Radio participated in need 66 percent leave reserve ( and not just 10% which about three or four months time, I started getting atmospheric noise by a subjective method . This IGY by carrying out measurement on the ionosphere at is a norm for offices ) since the radio station has to work compliments from the bosses that Joglekar's notes had laboratory was located at Todapur beyond Pusa the Todapur receiving center in Delhi. on all 7 days. As a result we got merger on the higher clarity of expression. One clearly understood the point institute in Delhi. Todapur receiving center had to AIR was a launch pad scale of A.E. which then was Rs. 275 to 800 class II he had to make. perform other regular duties such as checking the In summary I would put down my gains of starting my gazetted . The same pay commission revised the pay 3.2 My First Research Paper frequencies of our short wave transmitters when they scale for technical assistants in O.C. S. ( Overseas were coming up on air at a different frequency and also career with AIR rather than directly joining for PhD as Communication Service ) from Rs. 250- 400 to only Rs The British Broadcasting Corporation had published an preparing reception reports for foreign broadcasting follows:- 250-500 because their case was not properly put up. exhaustive book giving antenna patterns for various stations. This Todapur receiving center used to work My work in research department developed in me kinds of antenna array configurations. These were 3.1 Reception Reports round the clock and a van used to carry the staff on duty aptitude for applied research. popularly called onion diagrams. All India Radio had from their residence and back. Each station of All India Radio had studios, one medium thought of our own configuration for which BBC I gathered solid background of radio wave propagation wave transmitter and a receiving center. diagrams were not available. I was asked to plot the The ionospheric recorder used by All India Radio was a which helped me in my doctoral work on Atmospheric directivity patterns of these antennas. Plotting onion manual recorder in which critical frequency of the Radio Noise in Indian Institute of Science Bangalore The job of the receiving center was to receive news and ionosphere was measured. This was done by manually during 1960-63. other broadcasts from Delhi and feed the sound output to diagrams was a very tedious process. There are 2 different angles one is the angle in the horizontal plane increasing the frequency of the transmitter and the echo the transmitter via the studio. The receiving centers obtained from ionosphere was displayed on the CRO My paper on antennas got me a job in IIT Delhi which were required to submit reception report of the reception denoted by Greek letter phi and the other is angle in the sent me to BBC research department in England to vertical plane denoted by Theta So we have to take all screen. This was observed by the operator. As the conditions experienced by them on the short wave frequency increased the echo would be delayed but work on UHF antennas. broadcast from Delhi. These reports were to be combinations of the 360 degrees in the horizontal plane and 0 to 180 degrees in the vertical plane and at very would increase in amplitude. As the transmitter My PhD. student in IIT Delhi analysed the atmospheric submitted to our section in the research department of frequency approached the critical frequency of the noise data recorded during 1959-65 by American All India Radio at Delhi on a weekly basis. The reports close intervals of these values we solve or evaluate those trigonometrical functions. Sampat had found out ionosphere the echo would split in to two parts called automatic recorder in Delhi. We found correlation with used to come by post and would take a long time to reach ordinary and extraordinary. They would then reduce in Sunspot Number. A paper was published in IEEE me, the person analyzing the reports. Based on these in an earlier paper that these factors are related and he had plotted some contours for which the same values is amplitude and when the operating frequency reached Proceedings. At REC Tiruchirapalli we analysed the reports we had to take appropriate action on changing the critical frequency of the ionosphere the echo would world wide data of the same American recorder and the operating frequency of the particular short wave obtained something like isotropic lines on a map. But that was not enough to plot the patterns. One day it vanish. The frequency at which this occurred would be published a paper in an American Journal “Radio service and thus these reports were an important a measure of critical frequency. This will be noted from Science.” feedback. suddenly flashed to me that if I take the horizontal and the vertical directivity values not in numerical values the setting of the knob which changed the transmitter When I started as consultant in Mumbai in 1975 , ECtv It used to take me a whole week to do this routine work but logarithmic /decibel values then I will get the frequency. Such a manual recording was very good for immediately appointed me as their antenna consultant of keeping track and analyzing these weekly reports . required directivity patterns straight away. Because understanding the finer points of ionospheric radio because I had both theoretical and practical knowledge. But I streamlined the whole procedure by asking all when the numbers multiply the logarithms add so it will propagation. However for a large scale data collection Based on that assignment I published a popular level the receiving stations to send the report in a standardized be at the intersection of horizontal and vertical contours this was unsuitable because a skilled operator was article in “Science Today” and since then published form. So , I could finish the whole job in just one day. that I will get the directivity pattern I want. My paper required to operate the ionospheric sounder equipment. hundreds of articles on various subjects in English , This left me free to take up other assignments which was published in the journal of Institution of Radio noise and clutter would make the judgment of Marathi and occasionally Hindi newspapers. would come to our section from time to time. For Telecommunications Engineers India The title of the critical frequency a subjective matter. Sometimes there example, if AIR wants to start a service for listeners in may not be any operator to take the reading and so data By working in studios I acquired good knowledge of paper was “a simple graphical method for plotting sound systems and acoustics while experience at Argentina in South America what should be the directivity patterns….” for that period will be lost. At the end of the month the frequency , the antenna and where should a relay station research department of All India Radio used to publish transmitters gave me of high voltage RF circuits. be located. These short assignments established me as 3.3 Ionospheric Research its ionospheric data in the form of monthly tables of 24 Incidentally I also learnt to speak fluently in Hindi. the person for carrying out all non-routine jobs. In the year 1958, the sunspot number exceeded hours i.e. 24 columns and 30 rows Such tabulated data But above all it gave me friends from all states and significantly and crossed 150 mark. This led to several used to have many ambiguous entries and in some cases develop a national outlook. IFRB ( international Frequency Registration Bureau ) of no entries at all. ITU (International Telecommunication Union) was special effects and anomalies in ionospheric radio working out a frequency schedule for different seasons propagation. I was actively working on this subject in There was a global co-operative effort called Prof. Dr. P. J. Joglekar and for different epochs of sunspot cycle in the research department of All India Radio at that time. international Geo physical Year (IGY) involving B.E. (Telecom), Ph.D., F.I.E., F.I.E.T.E., F.B.E.S. collaboration with all countries. I worked on that under Research work was also going on in our section under laboratories spread all over the world. Americans had Consultant in Electronics & Telecommunications J. M. Roy. Mitra He had obtained research grants from CSIR and developed an automatic ionosheric recorder C-4 and Flat No.5, Rajashree Building. had a few junior and senior research fellows working had collected data by installing these recorders at I had to prepare technical notes on these investigations Ram-maruti Road,Thane 400 602 under him who were not employees of All India Radio. various places in the world. One of them was Delhi They which would go up to the Chief Engineer. Initially I had also recorded atmospheric noise data during 1959- Tel. (022-2536 6540) & mobile 9819204976 used to feel afraid that my write- ups may not be liked by Our ionospheric section had a laboratory where 65 in Delhi and several places around the world. The E-mail [email protected] the higher-ups and I might get a bad name. So, I used to ionospheric soundings were done on a regular basis. In

48 49 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 • Jog shuttle or intuitive VTR controls to position the transmitter control system, the motor drive tuning tape and mark in and out points. system as well as the measurement acquisition system. The new transmitter control system UCS (universal • Display area for input video with VCR controls control system) represents the interconnecting link under each video monitor. between the user and the transmitter with a selection of • Record time codes displayed along with a record functions and detailed transmitter information. It Deepak Joshi progress bar. interacts with various subsystems and performs the required measurements. The new tuning system with the Nine MSN Adopts Video Cloud Technology into four adjacent clear QAM channels. The encoder's For more information visit www.1beyond.com latest DC motor technology allows faster and more clean QAM constellation and superior output allow for Video cloud technology revolutionizes the way accurate positioning of the transmitter tuning circuits high channel count headend deployments. The encoder PlayBox Technology launches Social Media Box: organizations deliver video experiences. The company's with full digital control. This leads to comfortable and features an accessible RF test point for monitoring and “Integrates Social Media Content into a single or products include Video Cloud, the market-leading fully automated frequency changes supporting the testing. Multiple Channels from a single Display” online video platform and Zencoder, a leading cloud- customer for best on air performance. In order to For more information on Blonder Tongue HD Video based media processing service and HTML5 video achieve the required measurements, the simplified delivery system visit http://www.blondertongue.com The imminent release of SocialMediaBox, a powerful player technology provider. Brightcove cloud content addition to the range of broadcast TV and Channel measurement acquisition system captures services can be used to build and operate video Beyond Introduces QuadArchiver LTO Archiving branding systems. SocialMediaBox enables programme measurements in real time for data display, data logging experiences across PCs, smart phones, tablets and Solution production and presentation creators to incorporate and data analysis. The data support secures low and connected TVs. “Video Cloud's ability to deliver comments from multiple social networking feeds efficient maintenance works and reduces spare parts breaking news, long-form content and catch-up content A leader in LTO Archive Systems, presents the 1 quickly and efficiently into a single ready-for-broadcast requirements. Remote control options support the across all devices coupled with the ability to create Beyond QuadArchiver. The QuadArchiver is designed stream.Comments can be selected and moderated from a flexibility of the complete transmitter system by content is accessible across HTML5 and Flash-based for the organization that has hundreds or even thousands variety of different social media outlets, integrating ensuring independent control and operation. This devices. of legacy tapes or disks that need to be converted to LTO sources such as Facebook and Twitter on a single feed product enhancement for most modern shortwave For more information visit http://www.brightcove.com tape for a long term archive solution. The QuadArchiver for broadcasting. SocialMediaBox is controlled using a transmission underlines Ampegon's mission to serve the features the ability to ingest four SDI inputs standard web browser. Operators can view global market with innovation, advanced technology Blonder Tongue Enables Affordable HD Video simultaneously, each with individual tape deck control, preconfigured feeds from various social media sources, and premium quality systems. Delivery all while recording a hi-resolution and proxy file for web sites and add the desired posts to a customised feed each input, saving the operator precious time that would For information visit : list using simple drag-and drop. Comments in the http://www.ampegon.com/news/?id=14 This is new encoding solution designed to deliver cost- be wasted transcoding the proxy files. While the effective, high-quality HD video content and pro A/V customised feed can then be edited, checked against a QuadArchiver is ingesting the tapes, the user has the profanity word-list, and published immediately applications. This easy-to-use HDE-8C-QAM MPEG-2 ability to add metadata to an asset management database HD encoder provides users with reliable and efficient to keep files organized for easy access later on. All of The Next Generation of Shortwave Transmitters : M/s performance and supports Dolby® Digital audio these features add up to drastically reduce the amount of Ampegon have set new standards in shortwave encoding. It offers MPEG-2 HD video encoding for the man-hours required to convert legacy tapes to LTO tape transmitter technology introducing advances in the price of SD. The encoder accepts programs from eight by as much as 87% and improve the operator's workflow component or composite inputs, such as satellite efficiency. receivers and cable set-top boxes, and offers the built-in ability to switch over any of the primary inputs for a The QuadArchiver includes the following features: spare input for uninterrupted service. The HDE-8C- QAM HD encodes MPEG-2 video up to 1080i, • Recording and Preservation Legacy Tapes on Long multiplexes, and modulates the eight input programs Life LTO tape in 1/6 the time. • One-operator control of several decks simultaneously, and each deck independently. • Simultaneous proxy recording, where each video and proxy format is independent.

50 6151 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 • Jog shuttle or intuitive VTR controls to position the transmitter control system, the motor drive tuning tape and mark in and out points. system as well as the measurement acquisition system. The new transmitter control system UCS (universal • Display area for input video with VCR controls control system) represents the interconnecting link under each video monitor. between the user and the transmitter with a selection of • Record time codes displayed along with a record functions and detailed transmitter information. It Deepak Joshi progress bar. interacts with various subsystems and performs the required measurements. The new tuning system with the Nine MSN Adopts Video Cloud Technology into four adjacent clear QAM channels. The encoder's For more information visit www.1beyond.com latest DC motor technology allows faster and more clean QAM constellation and superior output allow for Video cloud technology revolutionizes the way accurate positioning of the transmitter tuning circuits high channel count headend deployments. The encoder PlayBox Technology launches Social Media Box: organizations deliver video experiences. The company's with full digital control. This leads to comfortable and features an accessible RF test point for monitoring and “Integrates Social Media Content into a single or products include Video Cloud, the market-leading fully automated frequency changes supporting the testing. Multiple Channels from a single Display” online video platform and Zencoder, a leading cloud- customer for best on air performance. In order to For more information on Blonder Tongue HD Video based media processing service and HTML5 video achieve the required measurements, the simplified delivery system visit http://www.blondertongue.com The imminent release of SocialMediaBox, a powerful player technology provider. Brightcove cloud content addition to the range of broadcast TV and Channel measurement acquisition system captures services can be used to build and operate video Beyond Introduces QuadArchiver LTO Archiving branding systems. SocialMediaBox enables programme measurements in real time for data display, data logging experiences across PCs, smart phones, tablets and Solution production and presentation creators to incorporate and data analysis. The data support secures low and connected TVs. “Video Cloud's ability to deliver comments from multiple social networking feeds efficient maintenance works and reduces spare parts breaking news, long-form content and catch-up content A leader in LTO Archive Systems, presents the 1 quickly and efficiently into a single ready-for-broadcast requirements. Remote control options support the across all devices coupled with the ability to create Beyond QuadArchiver. The QuadArchiver is designed stream.Comments can be selected and moderated from a flexibility of the complete transmitter system by content is accessible across HTML5 and Flash-based for the organization that has hundreds or even thousands variety of different social media outlets, integrating ensuring independent control and operation. This devices. of legacy tapes or disks that need to be converted to LTO sources such as Facebook and Twitter on a single feed product enhancement for most modern shortwave For more information visit http://www.brightcove.com tape for a long term archive solution. The QuadArchiver for broadcasting. SocialMediaBox is controlled using a transmission underlines Ampegon's mission to serve the features the ability to ingest four SDI inputs standard web browser. Operators can view global market with innovation, advanced technology Blonder Tongue Enables Affordable HD Video simultaneously, each with individual tape deck control, preconfigured feeds from various social media sources, and premium quality systems. Delivery all while recording a hi-resolution and proxy file for web sites and add the desired posts to a customised feed each input, saving the operator precious time that would For information visit : list using simple drag-and drop. Comments in the http://www.ampegon.com/news/?id=14 This is new encoding solution designed to deliver cost- be wasted transcoding the proxy files. While the effective, high-quality HD video content and pro A/V customised feed can then be edited, checked against a QuadArchiver is ingesting the tapes, the user has the profanity word-list, and published immediately applications. This easy-to-use HDE-8C-QAM MPEG-2 ability to add metadata to an asset management database HD encoder provides users with reliable and efficient to keep files organized for easy access later on. All of The Next Generation of Shortwave Transmitters : M/s performance and supports Dolby® Digital audio these features add up to drastically reduce the amount of Ampegon have set new standards in shortwave encoding. It offers MPEG-2 HD video encoding for the man-hours required to convert legacy tapes to LTO tape transmitter technology introducing advances in the price of SD. The encoder accepts programs from eight by as much as 87% and improve the operator's workflow component or composite inputs, such as satellite efficiency. receivers and cable set-top boxes, and offers the built-in ability to switch over any of the primary inputs for a The QuadArchiver includes the following features: spare input for uninterrupted service. The HDE-8C- QAM HD encodes MPEG-2 video up to 1080i, • Recording and Preservation Legacy Tapes on Long multiplexes, and modulates the eight input programs Life LTO tape in 1/6 the time. • One-operator control of several decks simultaneously, and each deck independently. • Simultaneous proxy recording, where each video and proxy format is independent.

50 6151 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 Corporate Members Corporate Members

Mem. No. Name Address Mem. No. Name Address 1. LCM-01 M/s AKG Acoustics (India) Ltd. Kamal Cinema Building, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi-110029 28. LCM-30 M/s Doordarshan Doordarshan Bhavan, Copernicus Marg, New Delhi-110001 2. LCM-02 M/s Telematics Systems Ltd. Mount Poonamallee Road, Nandambakkam, Chennai- 600 089 29. LCM-31 M/s Silicon Graphics Systems (I)(P)Ltd. 228 Udog Vihar Phase-1, Gurgaon 3. LCM-03 M/s Electronics Corpn.of Tamilnadu Ltd. LLA Buildings, 735, Anna Salai, Chennai- 600 002 30. LCM-32 M/s Essel Shyam Communication Ltd FC-20, Sector 16 A, Noida-201301 4. LCM-04 M/s Hinditron Tektronix Inst.Ltd. No.5, Crescent Road, High Grounds, Bangalore - 560 001 31. LCM-33 M/s All India Radio Directorate General, Akashvani Bhavan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi-1 5. LCM-05 M/s Rohde & Schwarz Liaison Office India, 244, Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase-III, New Delhi - 110 020 32. LCM-34 M/s The IEI Delhi State Centre Engineers Bhavan, Bahadur Shar Zafar Marg, New Delhi-2 6. LCM-06 M/s Maharashtra Elects.Corpn.Ltd. D-26, South Extension, Part-I, New Delhi-110049 33. LCM-37 M/s Trans World Radio- South Asia L-15, Green Park, New Delhi-110016 7. LCM-07 M/s Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. Gurunanak Foundation Building, 15-16, Qutab Institutional 34. LCM-38 M/s Kathrein India Pvt. Ltd. 4-B-4. Industry Manor, 3rd Floor, A.S.M. Marg, Prabha Devi, Area, New Delhi - 110 067 Mumbai-25. 8. CM-09 M/s Acoustics Engineers 'VASANT' 1286 A, Shivajinagar, Opp.Balgandharava 35. LCM-39 M/s Arraycom (India) Limited B-13, 13/1 & 14, GIDC, Electronics Estate, Sector 25, Rangmandir, Pune - 411 005 Gandhinagar, Gujarat 9. LCM-10 M/s Gujarat Commns. & Elect.Ltd. G.I.D.C Industrial Estate, Makarpura, Vadodara - 390 010 36. LCM-40 M/s Sun Broadcast Equipments Pvt. Ltd. 3/31, 3rd Floor, West Patel Nagar, New Delhi-110008 10. LCM-15 M/s Comcon Industries S-54, Functional Industrial, Estate for Electronics, Okhla Phase- 37. LCM-41 M/s Diksaat Transworld Ltd. No. 12, Balia Avenue, Luz Mylapore, Chennai-600004 II, New Delhi - 110 020 38. LCM-42 M/s Qualcomm India Pvt. Ltd. 3rd Floor, DLF Centre, Sansad Marg, New Delhi-110001 11. LCM-19 M/s Satcom Electronics (P) Ltd. 33, B.R.B. Bose Road, 2nd Floor, Calcutta-700001 39. LCM-43 M/s. Monarch Computers Pvt. Ltd. Monarch House, Royal Palms, Aarey Milk Colony, Goregaon (E) 12. LCM-21 M/s Army Headquarter Signal Regiment, 1, Army Headquarter, Signal Regiment, Signals Enclave, New Mumbai-400065 Delhi-110010 40. LCM-44 M/s. Setron India Private Limited E-2 Greater Kailash Enclave-1 New Delhi-110048 13. LCM-35 M/s Benchmark Microsystems Pvt. Ltd. No.140,Greater Kailash-I, New Delhi-110048 41. LCM-45 M/s. Global Institute of Technology Sitapur Jaipur-302022 14. CM-36 M/s Bharat Electronics Ltd Jalahalli, Bangalore-560013 42. LCM-46 M/s. Institute of Management Studies A-8B IMS Campus Sector-62 Noida Uttar Pradesh-201303 15. CM-25 M/s Visual Tech. India PVT.LTD. A-1, First floor, lajpat Nagar-II, New Delhi-110024. 43. LCM-47 M/s. A. V. Institute of Technology Vinayaka Mission University OMR, Vinayaka Nagar, Paiyanoor 16. LCM-08 M/s Webel Mediatronics Ltd. P-1, Taratala Road, Calcutta - 700 088 Tamilnadu-603104 17. LCM-11 M/s Hindustan Photo Films Co.Ltd. Indu Nagar, Ooty, Tamilnadu-643006. 18. LCM-14 M/s Broadcast Equipments(I) P.Ltd. 370-371/2, First Floor, Hospital Road, Jangpura, New Delhi-14 19. LCM-16 M/s R & S Electronics A-1-24, Ghanshyam Ind. Estate, Veera Desai Road, Andheri (West), Mumbai-400053 20. LCM-17 M/s Swati Industries Z-40, Okhala Industrial Area, Phase-II, New Delhi-110020 21. LCM-20 M/s Elect. Corpn. of India Ltd. ECIL Post, Hyderabad-500062 22. LCM-23 M/s BECIL B-1, Sector 31, Noida-201301 23. LCM-24 M/s AVF Distributors (I) PVT. LTD. 208 and 12 jagani Ind. Comp., Near ATI, Chunabhatti, Mumbai- 400022. 24. LCM-26 M/s Cinecita Comoptronics Ind. Pvt. Ltd Parijat House 3rd floor, 1076, off. pr. E. moses Road, Worli, Mumbai-400018 25. LCM-27 M/s Studio Systems Sangeeta Aptts. Bldg. 6-C,Flat No. 5. Ground Floor, Behind Lido Cinema, Juhu Road, Mumbai-400049 26. LCM-28 M/s Canara Lighting Industries Ltd. Bata Compound Khopet, Pokhran Road No. 1, Thane-400601 27. LCM-29 M/s AGIV (India) Pvt. Ltd. SION Chunabhatti Road, Mumbai-400022

52 53 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 Corporate Members Corporate Members

52 53 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 New Members BES EXPO-2014

S. No. Name Mem. No. Designation Address BES (I) is organizing the 20th International Conference & Exhibition on Terrestrial & Satellite Broadcasting – th th th 1. B. Yadav LF-2818 Addl. Director General (E) AIR & Doordarshan, 10th Floor, Doordarshan Complex, Worli, BES EXPO 2014 on 14 , 15 and 16 January, 2014 in Hall nos. 12 and 12A at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. Mumbai, Maharashtra 2. Kamakhya Narayan Pandey LM-2819 Assistant Engineer O/o ADG(E), AIR & DD (NEZ) 3rd Floor, Dr. Kakoti Building, The event is approved by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Govt. of India and supported by Prasar Near Ganeshpuri Flyover, Dispur-781006 Bharati, Ministry of Information Technology, Govt. of India, Asia Pacific Broadcasting Union, Malaysia and 3. Beldar Rajesh Arjun LF-2820 Dy. Director (E) All India Radio, Tuikhijahilang, Aizwal-796001,Mizoram Society of Broadcast Engineers, USA and endorsed by International Association of Broadcast Manufacturers 4. Brajesh Kumar LM-2821 Dy. Director (E) All India Radio, Chhajubagh, Fraser Road, Patna-800001 Bihar and DRM.

5. Dilip Fatteramji Maske LM-2822 Assistant Engineer 95/891, CG.S Colony, Kanenagar Antop Hill, Mumbai- th 400037, Maharastra The inaugural function is scheduled to be held on Tuesday, the 14 January 2014 at 10.00 hours at Pragati 6. Christopher Kirubakaran LM-2823 Sound Engineer 260, Tagore Park, Delhi-110009 Maidan, New Delhi. 7. Chandra Sekhar Pattanayak LM-2824 Sr. Project Manager Near Narendra Das Residence, College Square, AT/PO Barand, Khurda, Orissa The BES EXPO 2014 Conference with the theme “Future Media Ecosystem- Opportunities and Challenges for Broadcasters” shall have reputed and eminent broadcasters, media industry professionals and speakers from 8. Sanjay M. Bodele LM-2825 Director (Engg.) All India Radio, Jilhapeth, Jalgaon,Maharastra-425001 India and abroad speaking on state-of-the-art topics. 9. Yogendra Pal Yadav LM-2826 Deputy Director Doordarshan Kendra, Tura, West Garo Hills, Tura-794001, Meghalaya The Conference is spread over ten sessions as under: 10. R. Natarajan LM-2827 Senior Engg. Asst. SIBA ILLAM, Plot No.64, Rehman Nagar, Opp. To Sundran Paints, M.C. Road, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu-613004 11. Md. Arif SM-2828 Student S-8/30, Street No.-03, Jogabai Extn. Jamia Nagar, Delhi- 14th January 2014 110025 Ø 10 AM : Session 1: Inaugural Function 12. Jaswant singh LM-2829 Assistant Engineer H.N.-22 Sidarth Nagar (Mela Ground), Thatipur , Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh Ø 2.00 PM : Session 2: Tutorial on Surround sound production techniques and Camera Imaging 13. Umair Mashkoor SM-2830 Student R-198/4B, 3E, Ist Floor, Gali No. -05, Jogabai Extn. Jamia Techniques Nagar, Okhla, Delhi-110025 14. Syed Ahmed Naveed LM-2831 Professor P-24, Dilras Colony, Asif Baugh, Bhati , Aurangabad, Maharastra-431001 15th January 2014 (09. 30 AM to 6 PM) 16th January 2014 (09. 30 AM to 6 PM) 15. Muzaffar Hussain SM-2832 Student 3A-Second Floor, Joga Bai Main Road, Okhla, Delhi-110025 Ø Session-3 : Terrestrial Broadcasting- New Ø Session-7 : Digitisation- The game 16. Shakthimurugan K.H. LM-2833 Assistant Professor 541, Kamber Street Naraiyur Village, Post Valavanur(Via), concepts and competition changer Villupuram, Tamilnadu-605108 17. Md. Afzal Haider SM-2834 Student D-19A, First Floor, Flat No. 103, Shaheen Bagh, Jamia Ø Session-4 : Future of TV- 4K and beyond Ø Session-8 : Disaster-Broadcast systems for Bagh,Jamia Nagar, Okhla, New Delhi-110025 information dissemination 18. Mohd. Alam LM-2835 Asistant Engg. (Electronics) 104-D, DDA Flat, Pocket A, Sukhdev Vihar, New Delhi-110025 Ø 19. Prem Chandra LM-2836 Assistant Director D-2/10 Radio Colony, Kingsway Camp, New Delhi-110009 Session-5 : TV Anywhere-Redefining Ø Session-9 : Regulatory framework in Broadcasting 20. Bhawani Singh LM-2837 Lecturer S/o Kishan Singh Rajpurohit, Ward No.-17, Near Ramdev Broadcasting Temple, Anoopgarh, Sri Ganga Nagar, Rajasthan-335701 Ø Session-6 : Broadcasting- Unleashing growth Ø 21. R.S. Palsania LM-2838 Assistant Director C-16, Mother Taresa Nagar, Jaipur,Rajasthan Session-10 : Indian Industry-Readiness to opportunities meet the challenge 22. Piyush Kumar LM-2839 Software Engineer Qt. No.-C9 GM Colony, CCL Chartri, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand- 825336 23. Nookala Srinivasa Rao LF-2840 Assistant Professor Plot#17,H. No. 11-206/1; Road#3; SV Colony, Saroor Nagar, The Exhibition will be on a large scale and would be held at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi. About 300 highly Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh-35 reputed broadcast equipment manufacturers, industries, companies, broadcast professionals, and service 24. Hans Raj Tripathi LM-2841 Engineering Assistant 174, Vivek Vihar, Jagatpura , Jaipur, Rajasthan-302017 providers from all over the world shall be displaying their latest products, the state-of-the-art technologies and 25. Hemraj Meena AM-2842 Assistant Engineer E-II-8, Shraddha Saraswati Nagar, Near Gold Souk, , Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302017 services. This will present a very good picture of globally changing scenario of broadcasting. The exhibition in Hall No. 12 A will be open for general Public as well. 26. Manvir Singh LM-2843 Chief Manager (Retd.) 10/12, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan-302017 27. Netai Chadra Adak LM-2844 Assistant Engineer 22/1047, Lodhi Colony, New Delhi-110003 28. Om Kumar Sharma LM-LF1400 Addl. Director General (E) %ADG, AIR and DD, Jamnagar house, Shahjahan Road, New Delhi-110011

54 55 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 New Members BES EXPO-2014

54 55 July'13 - December'13 July'13 - December'13 Obituary

BES(I) has received the sad news of demise of Sh. R. P. Sharma, former Director Engineering, who left for his heavenly abode on 26.09.2013 at Delhi. Shri RP Sharma was a life fellow of Broadcast Engineering Society(India) and a very able retired broadcast engineer of All India Radio.

Sh Rajender Prasad, BES(I) Life Fellow and Former Additional Director General (E)(WZ) passed away on 20th Nov,2013. Born on 27.04.1952, Shri Rajender Prasad had served at Doordarshan Directorate, Mandi House, New Delhi for a long period and had superannuated from Mumbai as head of west zone of All India Radio and Doordarshan, i.e. Additional Director Engineering (Projects) on 30.04.2012. There after he was residing at Noida(UP). He will be remembered for his high responsibility and decision making ability and its fine example is the completion and the commissioning of Installation at Super Power DRM Transmitter at AIR Rajkot within record time.

Broadcast Engineering Society(I) condoles their death & pray almighty to provide peace to the departed souls & courage to the bereaved families to bear the irreparable loss.

Death & Life Jiddu Krishnamurti You cannot be frightened of the unknown because you do not know what the unknown is and so there is nothing to be afraid of. Death is a word, and it is the word, the image, that creates fear. So can you look at death without the image of death? As long as the image exists from which springs thought, thought must always create fear. Then you either rationalize your fear of death and build a resistance against the inevitable or you invent innumerable beliefs to protect you from the fear of death. Hence there is a gap between you and the thing of which you are afraid. In this time-space interval there must be conflict which is fear, anxiety and self-pity. Thought, which breeds the fear of death, says, 'Let's postpone it, let's avoid it, keep it as far away as possible, let's not think about it'- but you are thinking about it. When you say, 'I won't think about it', you have already thought out how to avoid it. You are frightened of death because you have postponed it………….. Most of us are frightened of dying because we don't know what it means to live. We don't know how to live, therefore we don't know how to die. As long as we are frightened of life we shall be frightened of death. The man who is not frightened of life is not frightened of being completely insecure for he understands that inwardly, psychologically, there is no security. When there is no security there is an endless movement and then life and death are the same. The man who lives without conflict, who lives with beauty and love, is not frightened of death because to love is to die. From: p. 75-77, Jiddu Krishnamurti, Freedom from the known, 1969

56 July'13 - December'13