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14 Bab Ii Gambaran Umum Daerah Kemaman Cukai BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM DAERAH KEMAMAN CUKAI TERENGGANU A. Geografi dan Demografi Daerah Kemaman 1. Geografi Kemaman adalah sebuah Daerah (wilayah yang ditadbir oleh Kerajaan atau di Indonesia dikenali sebagai Kabupaten) di Negeri Terengganu, Malaysia Ia berada pada kedudukan koordinat 4° 13' 60" Utara dan 103° 27' 0"Timur, pusat Daerah Kemaman dinamakan Chukai. Keluasan Daerah Kemaman ialah 8,000 batu persegi (253,559.9 hektar), Kemaman adalah Daerah yang ketiga selepas Hulu Terengganu dan Dungun. Kemaman adalah Daerah yang mengadap Laut China Selatan dan Kemaman merupakan satu gerbang untuk masuk ke Terengganu ini. Daerah Kemaman berbatasan dengan Daerah Dungun di sebelah utara adapun di sebelah selatan pula berbatasan dengan Negeri Pahang. Bentuk muka Bumi Daerah ini dapat dibahagikan kepada tiga kawasan utama iaitu : a. Kawasan pantai. b. Kawasan pedalaman. c. Kawasan kaki bukit (terletak hanya beberapa kilometer dari pantai).17 Kawasan pantai mempunyai bentuk muka bumi yang rendah dan rata dan mayoritas penduduk bergantung kepada aktivitas menangkap ikan. 17Data monografi, Majlis Pembandaran Kemaman, tahun 2010 14 15 Kawasan ini sejauh kira-kira 38 batu dari Kuala Kemaman ke Kertih. Lebih separuh penduduk Kemaman tinggal di kawasan ini.Kawasan pedalaman Daerah ini mempunyai bentuk muka bumi tanah tinggi dan berbukit bukau.Kawasan ini kaya dengan hasil tambang, tanaman kelapa sawit dan kayu kayan. Justru itu, wilayah tersebut ada hubungan dengan aktivitas ekonomi setempat.18 Di samping itu kawasan kaki bukit Daerah ini mempunyai jumlah penduduk kedua ramainya yaitu di Terengganu seramai 208.900. Kawasan ini terletak di antara kawasan persisiran pantai dan kawasan pedalaman. Aktivitas utama penduduk kawasan ini adalah sebagai petani, tambang, industri, pariwisata, transportasi, penternakan dan perikanan.Kemaman mempunyai 2 buah perlabuhan yaitu sebuah sungai untuk memerima kapal dan memindahkan barang kargo maupun penumpang di dalamnya, satu di kerteh dan satu diteluk kalong industri di kemaman berasaskan petroleum ( minyak bumi), keluli (besi baja atau besi waja) dan sebagainya, selain itu Kemaman juga mempunyai kota di sepanjang Jalan Pantai Daerah Kemaman, Ianya bemula dari kota chukai, kota baru kijal, kota peranginan kijal, pekan kemasik yang mempunyai sebuah pusat membeli belah mesra mall dan juga kota kertih.19 18Ibid 19Data asas Negeri Terengganu 2015,Unit Perancangan Ekonomi Terengganu Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia 16 2. Demografi a. Jumlah penduduk Demografi (keadaan penduduk) Kemaman Terengganu berdasarkan data kependudukan yang diperoleh dari kantor Perbandaran kemaman pada tanggal 5 september 2015 adalah berjumlah 208.900 jiwa.20 b. Jumlah penduduk menurut Jenis Kelamin Mengenai keadaan penduduk menurut jenis kelamin dapat dilihat dari tabel di bawah ini. TABEL II.1 JUMLAH PENDUDUKDAERAH KEMAMANMENURUT JENIS KELAMIN NO Jenis Kelamin Jumlah Persentase 1 Laki-laki 109,400 52.37% 2 Perempuan 99,500 47.68% 3 Jumlah 208,900 100% Sumber Data: Statistik daerah kemaman tahun 201521 Dari tabel di atas dapat diketahui bahwa dari 208,900 jiwa penduduk di Daerah kemaman , jenis kelamin laki-laki lebih banyak daripada jumlah perempuan, yaitu jeniskelamin laki-laki 109,400jiwa (52.34%), sedangkan perempuan hanya berjumlah 99.600 jiwa (47.66%) c. Jumlah penduduk menurut Kelompok Umur Penduduk Daerah Kemaman sebagian besar merupakan usia kerja. Pembagian penduduk menurut kelompok umur adalah. 20 Data monografi pembandaran kemaman , tahun 2010 21 Data asas Negeri Terengganu 2015, h. 15 17 TABEL II.2 JUMLAH PENDUDUK DAERAH KEMAMANMENURUT KELOMPOK UMUR No Umur Jumlah Persentase(%) 1 0-14 Tahun 72.500 34.70% 2 15-39Tahun 81.300 38.92% 3 40-85 Tahun 55.100 26.38% 4 Jumlah 208.900 100% Sumber data: Monografi daerah Kemaman 201522 Sebagaimana yang terlihat pada tabel II.2 bahwa berdasarkan kelompok umur jumlah penduduk berusia (15-39 tahun) menduduki tempat pertama, yaitu sebanyak 81.300 orang atau ( 38.92%), dan menduduki tempat peringkat kedua adalah usia (0-14 tahun) sebanyak 72.500 orang atau ( 34.70%), untuk peringkat ketiga atau peringkat terakhir adalah usia (40-85 )sebanyak 55.100 orang atau (26.38%), jumlah keseluruhan di atas adalah 208.900 dan persentasenya (100%). d. Jumlah penduduk menurut etnik di Kemaman. TABEL II.3 TAHUN DAN ANGKA PENCERAIAN DI KEMAMAN NO Tahun Berlakunya peningkatan Angka Penceraian di Daerah angka penceraian di Kemaman Kemaman 1 2015 165 2 2016 168 3 2017 185 Sumber data: Kuala Terengganu,201523 Sebagaiman yang telihat di tabel II.3, pada tahun 2015 angka penceraian yang berlaku di kemaman adalah sebanyak 165 orang, pada 22 Ibid, h. 16 23 Norhaspida Yatim ,sinar Online tahun 2015 18 tahun 2016 angka penceraian meningkat 168 berbanding tahun 2015 dan pada tahun 2017 berlaku penurunan angka penceraian yang berlaku di kemaman seramai 185 dan pada tahun 2016 sangat ketara peningkatannya dari tahun 2015 dan ada penurunan sedikit pada tahun 2017 tetapi yang merisaukan adalah angka perceraian bermain pada angka besar yaitu ratusan pasangan yang bercerai.. B. Kehidupan Beragama Dan Pendididkan 1) Kehidupan Agama Agama merupakan suatu hal yang sangat prinsipal dan agama bagi manusia merupakan kebutuhan fitrah, dengan beragama manusia memperoleh ketenangan jiwa dan merasakan nikmatnya kehidupan sebagai serana atau jembatan untuk menggapai kehidupan yang hakiki. Ajaran agama Islam sangat mewarnai kehidupan masyarakat DaerahKemaman. Di kemaman terdapat pelbagai agama antaranya Agama Hindu, Agama Budha, Agama Kristian, Tiadaagama atau agama lain dan Agama Islam. Untuk melihat kuantitas angka-angka yang jelas mengenai hal ini dapat dilihat dari tabel berikut:24 24 Data Monografi Majlis Pembandaran Kemaman tahun 19 TABEL II.4 BILANGAN PENDUDUK MENGIKUT AGAMA DI KEMAMAN Agama Jumlah Persentase% Islam 202.424 96.9% Buddha 5.222 2.5% Hindu 418 0.2% Kristian 418 0.2% Tiada agama atau lain 418 0.2% agama Jumlah 208.900 100% Sumber: bancian tahun 201525 2) Pendidikan Setiap masyarakat yang ingin berkembang disegala aspek kehidupan, pendidikan merupakan kebutuhan yang tidak boleh ditinggalkan dan diabaikan kerana maju mundurnya suatu Daerahakan banyak dipengaruhi oleh masyarakat itu sendiri, kerana pendidikan itu merupakan faktor yang terpenting dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Tingkat pendidikan masyarakat Daerah Kemaman semakin bagus,26 TABEL II.5 JUMLAH PENDUDUK DAERAH KEMAMAN MENGIKUT TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN No Pendidikan Jumlah Persentase 1 Tadika 21.200 11.66% 2 Sekolah rendah 16.292 8.96% 3 Sekolah menengah 14.484 7.97% 4 Universitas 2.232 4.02% 5 SABK 1.094 1.97% 6 Tidak berpendidikan 200 1.10% JUMLAH 55.502 100% Sumber Data: Monografi Kabupaten Kemaman 2015 25 Bancian tahun 2015 26 Ibid, 20 Dari tabel di atas dapat diketahui bahwa tingkat pendidikan di Daerah Kemaman yang lebih banyak jenjang pendidikan adalah tingkat sekolah tadika dengan jumlah 21.200 jiwaatau 38.56%, dan yang kedua adalah pendididkan peringkat sekolah rendah sebanyak 16. 292 jiwa atau 29.35% dan yang ketiga adalahSekolah menengah yaitu sebanyak 14.484 jiwa atau 26.10%. dan yang keempat belajar di universitas sebanyak 2.232 jiwa atau 4.02% dan SABK( Sekolah Agama Bantuan Kerajaan ),1.094 jiwa atau 1.97%. yang terakhior adalah mereka yang tidak berpendidikan seramai 200 jiwa atau 1.10% dan Jumlah semua adalah sebanyak 55.502 jiwa atau 100%.27 C. Keadaan Sosial Ekonomi Dan Budaya Dengan adanya telaga petroleum, pertanian, industri, perternakan, perikanan, pariwisata, transportasi, infrastruktur dan tambang, ekonomi di DaerahKemaman mengalami peningkatan yang pesat sejak penemuan telaga petroleum di luar pantai Terengganu pada tahun 1976 dan juga hasil yang lain juga menyebabkan penstrukturan ekonomi yang dilakukan bertujuan membolehkan Terengganu menjadi sebuah negeri maju menjelang 2020(Terengganu 1999-2002). 27 Unit Perancangan Ekonomi Terengganu Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia 21 TABEL II.6 AKTIVITAS-AKTIVITAS YANG MEMBANTU PEREKONOMIAN DAERAH KEMAMAN28 No Perekonomian di Kemaman Jumlahpekerja Persentase % 1 tambang 405.600 30.0% 2 Pertanian 2.346 15.0% 3 Industri 1.204 6.6% 4 Penternakan 6.490 20.0% 5 Perikanan 543 5.2% 6 Parawisata 1.366 8.1% 7 Transportasi 2.501 16.0% 8 jumlah 962.551 100% Adat istiadat tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kebudayaan suatu masyarakatkerana adat istiadat merupakan bagian dari kebudayaan yang sering atau biasa dilakukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa adat istiadat adalah hasil dari produk manusia secara turun temurun, hal ini sangat mempengaruhi oleh tingkat berfikir, semakin tinggi tingkat berfikir manusia semakin tinggi pula kebudayaan.29 Misalnya di Kemaman akan mengadakan program kesenian dan kebudayaan Islam yang berbentuk lomba dan festival berzanji, nasyid, bengkel dan lomba penulisan khat dan lomba menulis cerpen, novel, pidato dan bercerita.Program-program yang melibatkan hari dan bulan kebesaran Islam sentiasa disambut meriah di peringkat Negeri atau Daerah, program-programnya ialah Sambutan Maal Hijrah, Sambutan Maulidur Rasul s.a.w, Tilawah dan Menghafaz Al-Quran dan Ihya Ramadhan. 28 Data asas Negeri Terengganu 2015 29 Unit perancangan ekonomi Terengganu jabatan perangkaan 22 Program-program keagamaan akan terus diperkasakan dengan melibatkan kanak-kanak tadika dan taska seperti program khatam Al-Quran, Hafazan, Muqaddam (23 surat lazim) dan Program Pintar Al-Quran. Program ini dapat menanam sifat mencintai Al-Quran dikalangan kanak-kanak. D. Visi Dan Misi Dan Struktur Organisasi30 Sesuai tugas pokok dan fungsi sebuah Negara itu dengan adanya suatu perencanaan yang optimal sesuai
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