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Saxony: Landscapes/Rivers and Lakes/Climate
Freistaat Sachsen State Chancellery Message and Greeting ................................................................................................................................................. 2 State and People Delightful Saxony: Landscapes/Rivers and Lakes/Climate ......................................................................................... 5 The Saxons – A people unto themselves: Spatial distribution/Population structure/Religion .......................... 7 The Sorbs – Much more than folklore ............................................................................................................ 11 Then and Now Saxony makes history: From early days to the modern era ..................................................................................... 13 Tabular Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 Constitution and Legislature Saxony in fine constitutional shape: Saxony as Free State/Constitution/Coat of arms/Flag/Anthem ....................... 21 Saxony’s strong forces: State assembly/Political parties/Associations/Civic commitment ..................................... 23 Administrations and Politics Saxony’s lean administration: Prime minister, ministries/State administration/ State budget/Local government/E-government/Simplification of the law ............................................................................... 29 Saxony in Europe and in the world: Federalism/Europe/International -
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020 Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020 Nic Newman with Richard Fletcher, Anne Schulz, Simge Andı, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Supported by Surveyed by © Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism / Digital News Report 2020 4 Contents Foreword by Rasmus Kleis Nielsen 5 3.15 Netherlands 76 Methodology 6 3.16 Norway 77 Authorship and Research Acknowledgements 7 3.17 Poland 78 3.18 Portugal 79 SECTION 1 3.19 Romania 80 Executive Summary and Key Findings by Nic Newman 9 3.20 Slovakia 81 3.21 Spain 82 SECTION 2 3.22 Sweden 83 Further Analysis and International Comparison 33 3.23 Switzerland 84 2.1 How and Why People are Paying for Online News 34 3.24 Turkey 85 2.2 The Resurgence and Importance of Email Newsletters 38 AMERICAS 2.3 How Do People Want the Media to Cover Politics? 42 3.25 United States 88 2.4 Global Turmoil in the Neighbourhood: 3.26 Argentina 89 Problems Mount for Regional and Local News 47 3.27 Brazil 90 2.5 How People Access News about Climate Change 52 3.28 Canada 91 3.29 Chile 92 SECTION 3 3.30 Mexico 93 Country and Market Data 59 ASIA PACIFIC EUROPE 3.31 Australia 96 3.01 United Kingdom 62 3.32 Hong Kong 97 3.02 Austria 63 3.33 Japan 98 3.03 Belgium 64 3.34 Malaysia 99 3.04 Bulgaria 65 3.35 Philippines 100 3.05 Croatia 66 3.36 Singapore 101 3.06 Czech Republic 67 3.37 South Korea 102 3.07 Denmark 68 3.38 Taiwan 103 3.08 Finland 69 AFRICA 3.09 France 70 3.39 Kenya 106 3.10 Germany 71 3.40 South Africa 107 3.11 Greece 72 3.12 Hungary 73 SECTION 4 3.13 Ireland 74 References and Selected Publications 109 3.14 Italy 75 4 / 5 Foreword Professor Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Director, Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (RISJ) The coronavirus crisis is having a profound impact not just on Our main survey this year covered respondents in 40 markets, our health and our communities, but also on the news media. -
Timeline of the Cold War
Timeline of the Cold War 1945 Defeat of Germany and Japan February 4-11: Yalta Conference meeting of FDR, Churchill, Stalin - the 'Big Three' Soviet Union has control of Eastern Europe. The Cold War Begins May 8: VE Day - Victory in Europe. Germany surrenders to the Red Army in Berlin July: Potsdam Conference - Germany was officially partitioned into four zones of occupation. August 6: The United States drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima (20 kiloton bomb 'Little Boy' kills 80,000) August 8: Russia declares war on Japan August 9: The United States drops atomic bomb on Nagasaki (22 kiloton 'Fat Man' kills 70,000) August 14 : Japanese surrender End of World War II August 15: Emperor surrender broadcast - VJ Day 1946 February 9: Stalin hostile speech - communism & capitalism were incompatible March 5 : "Sinews of Peace" Iron Curtain Speech by Winston Churchill - "an "iron curtain" has descended on Europe" March 10: Truman demands Russia leave Iran July 1: Operation Crossroads with Test Able was the first public demonstration of America's atomic arsenal July 25: America's Test Baker - underwater explosion 1947 Containment March 12 : Truman Doctrine - Truman declares active role in Greek Civil War June : Marshall Plan is announced setting a precedent for helping countries combat poverty, disease and malnutrition September 2: Rio Pact - U.S. meet 19 Latin American countries and created a security zone around the hemisphere 1948 Containment February 25 : Communist takeover in Czechoslovakia March 2: Truman's Loyalty Program created to catch Cold War -
Emile Laude.3 Laude Not Concerning “Practical Questions” with A
IAC-10.E7.1.1 Nandasiri Jasentuliyana Keynote Address on Space Law A CONCISE HISTORY OF SPACE LAW © Stephen E. Doyle, USA, Consultant Honorary Director, IISL www.stephenedoyle.com; [email protected] ABSTRACT The 100-year long history of space law is broadly internationally based. First mentioned in a journal article in Paris, in 1910, space law was an idea without shape or substance for more than 2 decades. In 1932 the first comprehensive monograph appeared, presenting important, fundamental concepts of space law. Brief commentaries appeared in the 1930s and 1940s. The first doctoral dissertation dealing with space law appeared in 1953. By 1954 expanding international exchanges were occurring among jurists and commentators concerned about the need for clarification and definition of law anticipating human activity in outer space. When Sputnik-1 was launched on October 4, 1957, earlier proposed concepts were no longer just abstract or academic ideas. Nations had begun to place functioning objects in space beyond the atmosphere, and concepts began to be considered for inclusion in a new body of relevant law to regulate the activities of humankind in space. Following launch of the first Sputnik the world community began to address possible principles, requirements, and contemplated prohibitions as law. Development of space law during the 20th century evolved in four interrelated phases: Phase 1 involved the development of concepts of space law before Sputnik: from 1910 to 1957; Phase 2 involved the clarification and adoption of basic applicable laws: from 1957 to 1966; Phase 3 involves the expanding uses of space and national and international laws and regulations to manage such uses, which has been a process continuing since the late 1950s; and Phase 4 involves the regulation of human activities beyond the atmosphere, including eventually development of law to manage settlements and societies existing off the Earth. -
SPUTNIK Germany 2013, 90 Mins, German with English Subtitles, Director Markus Dietrich
LEARNING RESOURCE SPUTNIK Germany 2013, 90 mins, German with English subtitles, director Markus Dietrich.. Education support pack: Information & classroom activities This Learning Resource was produced by Goethe-Institut Glasgow. SPUTNIK Germany 2013, 90 mins, German with English subtitles, director Markus Dietrich. DIRECTOR & SCREENPLAY: MARKUS DIETRICH Director and screenwriter Markus Dietrich was born on the 26th of July 1979 in Strausberg, near Berlin. His first feature film SPUTNIK is based on his own childhood memories. Like Friederike, he was 10 years old when the Berlin Wall came down. Similar to the protagonist, he came home from school one day and found that his aunt had moved to the West. As a consequence, Dietrich, a huge space fan himself, decided to develop a teleportation machine in order to bring back his aunt. The trial run, however, ended in a big bang. Just after the fall of the wall, Markus Dietrich and his mother travelled to the West and met his aunt again. CHARACTERS IN THE FILM Friederike Bode (Flora Li Thiemann) Rike is the 10 year-old protagonist who is very enthusiastic about space. Fabian Schwartze (Finn Fiebig) Jonathan Rheinhardt (Luca Johannsen) Fabian and Jonathan are Friederike’s friends. Together, the three children are working on a teleportation machine. Abschnittsbevollmächtigter Mauder (Devid Striesow) ABV Mauder is the police officer in the village. He likes to enforce law and order and especially keeps an eye on Rike and her friends. Katharina Bode (Yvonne Catterfeld) Torsten Bode (Maxim Mehmet) Frau and Herr Bode are Rike’s parents. They are the owners of the local guesthouse and dream of moving to West Germany. -
Covid-19 Under Democracy and Autocracy
© Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (New Brunswick) This publication is the work of the Spring 2021 Capstone class of the United Nations and Global Policy Studies Master of Arts program (UNMA), Political Science Department, Rutgers University (New Brunswick) June 2021 Application for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of this publication should be made to: UNMA Secretariat Hickman Hall 89 George Street New Brunswick, NJ 08901 Email: [email protected] Title: Covid-19 Under Democracy and Autocracy Editor: Dr. Roland Rich Cover Design: Ian DeFalco Layout: Camilla Bober ISBN 978-0-578-92527-1 CONTENTS Contributors 1 Chapter 1 A Project is Born 4 Roland Rich Chapter 2 Australia’s Covid-19 Response: 10 The Achilles Heel Shahinaz Abdelhamid Chapter 3 Brazil: Negligence and Populism during 34 a Global Health Crisis Gabriela Casco Chapter 4 Cuba’s Vaunted Medical System Faces Covid-19 54 Javier Nino Chapter 5 Federalism, the EU, and Human Rights 68 in Germany under COVID-19 Camilla Bober Chapter 6 Russia: A Contest between Science and Denial 94 Amar Wason Chapter 7 South Africa Faces Covid-19 116 Delaney Charydczak Chapter 8 Taiwan: A Near Perfect Response 128 to the Coronavirus Pandemic Ryan Prieto Chapter 9 The Impact of Covid-19 on Elections 148 in Uganda Susan Ombwayo Chapter 10 The United Kingdom: Covid-19 162 and the Decay of Democracy Arsanious Hanna Chapter 11 Vietnam: Looking beyond Regime Type 182 Daphnée A.M. Fleurant Chapter 12 Conclusions, Constatations and Concerns 196 Roland Rich Bibliography 224 1 CONTRIBUTORS Shahinaz Abdelhamid received her B.S. -
Introduction to International Radio Regulations
Introduction to International Radio Regulations Ryszard Struzak∗ Information and Communication Technologies Consultant Lectures given at the School on Radio Use for Information And Communication Technology Trieste, 2-22 February 2003 LNS0316001 ∗ [email protected] 2 R. Struzak Abstract These notes introduce the ITU Radio Regulations and related UN and WTO agreements that specify how terrestrial and satellite radio should be used in all countries over the planet. Access to the existing information infrastructure, and to that of the future Information Society, depends critically on these regulations. The paper also discusses few problems related to the use of the radio frequencies and satellite orbits. The notes are extracted from a book under preparation, in which these issues are discussed in more detail. Introduction to International Radio Regulations 3 Contents 1. Background 5 2. ITU Agreements 25 3. UN Space Agreements 34 4. WTO Trade Agreements 41 5. Topics for Discussion 42 6. Concluding Remarks 65 References 67 List of Abbreviations 70 ANNEX: Table of Frequency Allocations (RR51-RR5-126) 73 Introduction to International Radio Regulations 5 1 Background After a hundred years of extraordinary development, radio is entering a new era. The converging computer and communications technologies add “intelligence” to old applications and generate new ones. The enormous impact of radio on the society continues to increase although we still do not fully understand all consequences of that process. There are numerous areas in which the radio frequency spectrum is vital. National defence, public safety, weather forecasts, disaster warning, air-traffic control, and air navigation are a few examples only. -
Saxony-Anhalt
“FILMLAND” SAXONY-ANHALT IS SUCCESS! SAXONY-ANHALT: HERE CAMERA-READY www.medien-sachsen-anhalt.de CONTENTS TITLE: SAXONY-ANHALT AS FILM LOCATION – even George Clooney himself knows its value. He filmed “Monuments Men” in Merseburg, Halberstadt and Osterwieck. This German-American co-production from Obelisk Productions Limited and Studio Babelsberg received 400,000 euros in funding from MDM. 2 6 10 INTERVIEW: PORTRAIT: UNTOUCHED FILM DETLEV BUCK CLAUDIA MICHELSEN LOCATIONS 18 23 25 MMZ: EVERYTHING SAXONY-ANHALT FILM ARENDSEE YOUTH UNDER ONE ROOF FESTIVAL FILM CAMP 5 CURRENT NEWS FROM 22 ON THE ROAD WITH MARCO POLO: “FILM LAND” SAXONY-ANHALT MOTIONWORKS 8 FILM-MAKING IN SAXONY-ANHALT 24 MELODIES FOR THE SILVER SCREEN: 2011 – 2014 SAXONY-ANHALT’S FILM MUSIC FESTIVAL AND THE GERMAN FILM MUSIC AWARD 14 “WINNETOUS SOHN“ – THE FAMILY’S CHIEF 26 NO SEA IN SIGHT: FILM LOCATIONS IN SAXONY-ANHALT 16 “AXEL DER HELD” – ALL POWER TO THE CHICKENS 28 MEDIA LABORATORY – FUNDING FOR FILM-MAKING IN SAXONY-ANHALT 17 “DER LETZTE REMIX” – COPYING AS AN ART FORM 29 VISION PAYS OFF: TOP FUNDING FOR CREATIVE MINDS 21 MASTERS OF IMAGE AND SOUND: ARRI FILM AND TV SERVICES GMBH 1 EDITORIAL IN COLOUR AND WITH SOUND Hollywood may be a dream factory – in Saxony-Anhalt, we create facts. The world’s first viable multi-layer colour film was produced here: with “Agfacolor”, the Agfa film factory in Wolfen conquered the cinematic screen and stood up to the great DR. REINER HASELOFF Governor of the Federal State American Kodak Corporation. Saxony-Anhalt brought colour of Saxony-Anhalt to film. -
Russian Media in Germany No
ISPSW Strategy Series: Focus on Defense and International Security Issue Russian Media in Germany No. 766 How Russian information warfare and disinformation have affected Germany June 2021 Dr Susanne Spahn Russian Media in Germany How Russian information warfare and disinformation have affected Germany Dr. Susanne Spahn June 2021 Abstract Germany is the main focus of Russian disinformation campaigns in the EU. As intern documents of the Russian president’s former adviser, Vladislav Surkov show the hybrid warfare is being organized by the Russian leadership as well as the control of the main media outlets including the foreign broadcaster RT. The Russian state media based in Berlin not only try to spread Russian narratives on controversial issues such as the Ukraine conflict but also influence elections on a regional, federal and European level. As documented below RT Deutsch und Sputnik continuously supported the right-wing populist party Alternative for Germany and The Left. Members of Parliament of these party back Russian policy by travelling to hot spots of Russian interference in Syria and Ukraine. These travels are being covered by Russian state media extensively. This sort of media alliance helps to legitimate Russian foreign policy, whereas MPs try to increase their popularity among the German audience. About ISPSW The Institute for Strategic, Political, Security and Economic Consultancy (ISPSW) is a private institute for research and consultancy. The ISPSW is an objective, task-oriented and politically non-partisan institute. In the increasingly complex international environment of globalized economic processes and worldwide political, ecological, social and cultural change, which presents both major opportunities and risks, decision- makers in the economic and political arena depend more than ever before on the advice of highly qualified experts. -
Cold War Stations Station A: Berlin Airlift Your Task 1
Cold War Stations Station A: Berlin Airlift Your Task 1. Read the description of the Berlin Airlift. 2. Examine the pictures and map of the Airlift. Write your observations about pictures. 3. Then, look at Cartoon A and Cartoon B: A. What is the artistic purpose in these two cartoons? B. What do you think the artist thought about the Berlin airlift in these cartoons? C. Do you think that this feeling is similar to the opinion of the rest of America? Why or Why not? D. Which cartoon do you think is more accurate? Why? Station A: Berlin Airlift (background) The Berlin airlift marked the first major confrontation in the Cold War. For 11 months, beginning in June 1948, the Western allies took part in an unprecedented attempt to keep a city alive -- entirely from the air. Following World War II, Germany is divided into four zones of occupation -- Soviet, British, French and American. Germany, and Berlin in particular, are the only places where communist and capitalist forces come into direct contact. In June 1948, an announcement by the Western Allies brings a crisis to Berlin. They establish a currency reform meant to wipe out the German black market and further tie the vulnerable German economy to the West. The Soviets are not told and are infuriated by the action. On Thursday, June 24, 1948, West Berlin wakes to find itself under a Soviet blockade -- and in the midst of the first major confrontation of the Cold War. The Western Allies impose a counter-blockade on the Soviet zone. -
Zeughauskino: Radio Geschichte: DT 64
RADIO GESCHICHTE: DT64 EINE VERANSTALTUNGSREIHE ZUM JUGENDRADIOPROGRAMM DER DDR »99 Stunden flotte Berichte, Suchanzeigen und vor allem Beat« war die Losung dessen, was als »Sonderstudio Deutschlandtreffen 1964« begann und aufgrund des immensen Erfolgs wenige Wochen später als »Jugendstudio DT64« zum festen Bestandteil des Berliner Rund- funks wurde. Obwohl Erich Honecker bereits auf dem 11. Plenum des ZK der SED im Dezember 1965 scharfe Kritik übte, stand die Abschal- tung des Programms nicht zur Diskussion. Vielmehr sollten die Inhal- te umso stärker vorgegeben werden. Andererseits gehörte es zum Profil des Senders, dass ein Großteil der Sendungen live ausgestrahlt wurde und die Hörer sich oftmals per Telefon an den Diskussionen im Studio beteiligen konnten. Nach dem Mauerfall informierte DT64 kritisch über die aktuellen Entwicklungen und funktionierte darüber hinaus als überregionales Forum zum Austausch von Meinungen, Erfahrungen und Zweifeln. Als sich nach der Vereinigung der beiden deutschen Staaten abzeichnete, dass DT64 bis Ende 1991 entweder in eine öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunkanstalt überführt oder abge- schaltet werden würde, kam es zu Massendemonstrationen unge- ahnter Dimensionen. 20 Jahre nach dem Mauerfall bietet eine von Moritz von Rappard und Dunja Funke kuratierte Reihe Gelegenheit zur ausführlichen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Jugendprogramm des Rundfunks der DDR. Ehemalige Redakteure stellen Sendungen vor, an denen sie damals beteiligt waren. Sie treffen im Dialog auf Gesprächspartner aus dem Westen. Das Spektrum reicht von Verantwortlichen aus Kul- tur oder Politik bis zu Journalisten und Radiomachern, denen es in ihrer Arbeit um die Entwicklung eines engagierten Jugendpro- gramms ging oder geht. Somit werden nicht nur rare Zeitdokumente aus dem Deutschen Rundfunkarchiv zugänglich gemacht, es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, sich in einer öffentlichen Diskussion zwischen Ost und West mit der jüngeren Mediengeschichte auseinanderzuset- zen. -
Challenge to Apollo: the Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945-1974 1 by Asif A
CHALLENGE TO APOLLO: THE SOVIET UNION AND THE SPACE RACE, 1945- 1974 NASA SP-2000-4408 CHALLENGE TO APOLLO: THE SOVIET UNION AND THE SP_CE R;_cE, ! 945- 1974 by gsif _. Siddiqi National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA History Division Office of Policy and Plans Washington, DC 2000 Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Siddiqi, Asif A,, 1966- Challenge to Apollo: the Soviet Union and the space race, 1945-1974 1 by Asif A. Siddiqi p. cm.--(The NASA history series) NASA SP ; 2000-4408 Includes bibliographical references and index. I. Astronautics--Soviet Union--History. 2. Space race--History. I, Title. II. Series. III. NASA SP : 4408. TL789.8S65 $47 2000 629,4'0947-dc21 00-03868400031047 To my mother and my father, who taught me the value o[ knowledge History is always written wrong, and so always needs to be rewritten. --_eorge Santayana You can't cross the sea merely by standing and staring at the water. --Rabindranath Tagore ¢ CHALLENGE TO APOLLO .......... TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ................................................... vii Preface ............................................................ ix Glossary .......................................................... xiii Chapter One: Presage .................................................. I Chapter Two: First Steps................................................ 23 Chapter Three: Stalin and the Rocket ....................................... 69 Chapter Four: Sputnik ................................................ II 9 Chapter Five: Designing