ELECTRIC RADIANT and INFRARED HEATERS
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High Efficiency Infrared Heaters -Featuring Modulation- Advancements in Energy Savings, Controls Interface and Comfort of Infrared Space Heating Introduction
High Efficiency Infrared Heaters -featuring Modulation- Advancements in Energy Savings, Controls Interface and Comfort of Infrared Space Heating Introduction Differences Relative to Air Heating Design Concepts Application Concepts Heating Mechanism Obtainable Benefits Over Air Heating Comfort Fuel & Electrical Savings Optimum Building Performance Typical Heating Method-Warm Air What Is Infrared? Electromagnetic Spectrum Infrared Spectrum How Does Infrared Energy Heat? Energy Flow: Typical Air Heating Energy Flow: Infrared Heater Reflectivity Emissivity MATERIAL EMISSIVITY @TEMPERATURE °F (wavelength ) Plain Steel 0.79 to 0.81 1000°F (3.6) Aluminized Steel (type 1) 0.20 to 0.50 1000°F (3.6) Aluminized Steel (Heat Treated) 0.80 1000°F (3.6) Porcelainized Steel 0.92 to 0.96 100°F (9.3) Cast Iron 0.95 1000°F (3.6) Stainless Steel ( type 304) 0.44 to 0.62 1000°F (3.6) Stainless Steel (type 430 polished) 0.10 to 0.20 100°F (9.2) Pyromark® Paint 0.80 1000°F (3.6) Absorptivity Concepts of Infrared Heating for Application Cost? Cost? Cost? Length? Input? How How Model? Model? ? ? Many? ? Many? Location? Comfort? Height? Comfort? Comfort? Comfort “A Neutral Thermal Sensation When the Body Regulates Its Internal Temperature with a Minimum of Effort” Too Hot Just Right Too Cold Comfort is Influenced by: Air Temperature Thermal Radiation Air Movement Humidity Activity Clothing Mean Radiant Temperature “The net amount of Infrared Energy available from surfaces to provide comfort” Operative Temperature (To) AIR T = MRT + T o 2 Air Heating -
Tubular Heaters Heat up the Foodservice Industry
FOODSERVICE TUBULAR HEATERS Tubular Heaters Heat Up the Foodservice Industry When there’s a need for heat in your foodservice equipment Applications application—from fryers to griddles to ovens—turn to Watlow, the leader with more than 25 years experience providing • Griddles heating solutions to the foodservice equipment market. Using • Rotisserie ovens • Convection ovens Watlow’s WATROD round tubular and FIREBAR® flat tubular heating elements in the cooking process promotes faster • Combi ovens cooking, consistent food preparation, ease of operation and • Conveyor ovens low maintenance. • Fryers • Steamers These reliable, versatile heating elements can be configured • Smokers with a variety of wattage and voltage ratings, terminations, • Warewashers sheath materials and mounting options to satisfy the most • Warming cabinets demanding foodservice applications. • Toasters • Other clamp-on applications Advantages • Watlow’s heaters for the foodservice industry are constructed with epoxy or silicone seals to combat moisture contamination from environmental kitchen conditions. • Compacted MgO insulation transfers heat away from resistance wire to sheath material and media more efficiently resulting in faster heat up. • Over 36 standard and a virtually limitless array of custom bend formation options enable the heating element to be HAN-FTH-0807 designed around available space to maximize heating efficiency. To be automatically connected to the nearest North American Technical and Sales Office: 1-800-WATLOW2 • www.watlow.com • [email protected] -
Commercial Electric Water Heaters
Service Handbook COMMERCIAL ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS MODELS CSB52**I, CSB82**I, CSB120**I & CSB52**S, CSB82**S, CSB120**S INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS - PRE SERVICE CHECKS - WATER HEATER CONSTRUCTION - 500 Tennessee Waltz Parkway OPERATION & SERVICE - TROUBLESHOOTING Ashland City, TN 37015 SERVICING SHOULD ONLY BE PERFORMED BY A QUALIFIED SERVICE AGENT. PRINTED IN THE U.S.A 1008 315015-000 1 COMMERCIAL ELECTRIC WATER HEATER SERVICE MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................2 ELECTRONIC CONTROLS..................................................... 41 Qualifications ......................................................................2 CCB - Central Control Board............................................ 42 Service Warning .................................................................2 CCB Socket & Wiring Terminal Identification ............ 43 Tools Required....................................................................3 CCB Enable Disable Circuit(s) Test........................... 45 INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS ........................................4 Checking Power And Ground To The CCB ............... 46 Closed Water Systems .......................................................4 UIM - User Interface Module ............................................ 47 Thermal Expansion.............................................................4 ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM ....................................... 48 Electrical Requirements......................................................5 -
Financing Household Clean Energy Solutions
FINANCING HOUSEHOLD CLEAN ENERGY SOLUTIONS A Climate and Clean Air Coalition funded study produced in collaboration between the Frankfurt school UNEP Collaborating centre and UN Environment Finance Initiative Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia June 2018 CONTENT Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................... i 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................1 2. Key considerations ...................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1. Air pollution drivers .........................................................................................................................2 2.2. Impacts of air pollution....................................................................................................................4 2.3. Policy ....................................................................................................................................................4 2.4. Material considerations in assessment of a technology-based solution ...............................8 2.5. Previous interventions ...................................................................................................................14 3. Lower polluting heating alternatives for households in the ger districts .....................................16 -
Misc Thesisdb Bythesissuperv
Honors Theses 2006 to August 2020 These records are for reference only and should not be used for an official record or count by major or thesis advisor. Contact the Honors office for official records. Honors Year of Student Student's Honors Major Thesis Title (with link to Digital Commons where available) Thesis Supervisor Thesis Supervisor's Department Graduation Accounting for Intangible Assets: Analysis of Policy Changes and Current Matthew Cesca 2010 Accounting Biggs,Stanley Accounting Reporting Breaking the Barrier- An Examination into the Current State of Professional Rebecca Curtis 2014 Accounting Biggs,Stanley Accounting Skepticism Implementation of IFRS Worldwide: Lessons Learned and Strategies for Helen Gunn 2011 Accounting Biggs,Stanley Accounting Success Jonathan Lukianuk 2012 Accounting The Impact of Disallowing the LIFO Inventory Method Biggs,Stanley Accounting Charles Price 2019 Accounting The Impact of Blockchain Technology on the Audit Process Brown,Stephen Accounting Rebecca Harms 2013 Accounting An Examination of Rollforward Differences in Tax Reserves Dunbar,Amy Accounting An Examination of Microsoft and Hewlett Packard Tax Avoidance Strategies Anne Jensen 2013 Accounting Dunbar,Amy Accounting and Related Financial Statement Disclosures Measuring Tax Aggressiveness after FIN 48: The Effect of Multinational Status, Audrey Manning 2012 Accounting Dunbar,Amy Accounting Multinational Size, and Disclosures Chelsey Nalaboff 2015 Accounting Tax Inversions: Comparing Corporate Characteristics of Inverted Firms Dunbar,Amy Accounting Jeffrey Peterson 2018 Accounting The Tax Implications of Owning a Professional Sports Franchise Dunbar,Amy Accounting Brittany Rogan 2015 Accounting A Creative Fix: The Persistent Inversion Problem Dunbar,Amy Accounting Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act: The Most Revolutionary Piece of Tax Szwakob Alexander 2015D Accounting Dunbar,Amy Accounting Legislation Since the Introduction of the Income Tax Prasant Venimadhavan 2011 Accounting A Proposal Against Book-Tax Conformity in the U.S. -
Infrared Heating Engineering Manual Download
ENGINEERING MANUAL - APPLICATION INFORMATION -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- I. INTRODUCTION TO INFRARED ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 A. What Is Infrared? .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 B. How Do We Heat With Infrared? .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 C. Infrared Heat For Body Comfort ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7 D. Advantages Of Heating With Gas-Fired Infrared ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8 -
Owner's Manual
BioSmart Technologies BioSmart® On-Wall Far Infrared Heaters. Feel the Difference. B I O S M A R T ® Therapeutic Infrared Heat BioSmart® Owner’s Manual . Therapeutic infrared heating systems for a green, healthy environment Save these Instructions Includes: Application Guidelines User Information & Guidelines Operating Instructions Warranty & Servicing For BIO-1500PC Classic series and Model BIO-1500PB Basic Edition BioSmart® BIO-1500PCP Premium Classic BioSmart® BIO-1500PB Basic Edition Customer/Warranty Service: 800-595-9605 Page 1 Table of Contents Congratulations on Your Purchase! 2 Why Use a BioSmart® Heater 4 BioSmart® Heater Features & Functions 6 BioSmart® Heater Features & Functions 7 USE RESTRICTIONS 8 Unpacking Your New BioSmart® Heater 9 Heater Care & Storage 9 Suggestions for Best Performance 10 Operating Instructions at a Glance 11 Detailed Operating Instructions (1500PC) 12 Turning Power On 12 Turning Power Off 12 Setting the Temperature 12 Setting the Timer 13 Detailed Operating Instructions (1500PB) 14 Turning Power On 14 Turning Power Off 14 Setting the Temperature 14 Switching Between Fahrenheit & Celsius 14 Maintenance Instructions 15 Frequently Asked Questions 16 Troubleshooting Your BioSmart® Heater 17 BioSmart® Heater Specifications (1500PC) 18 BioSmart® Heater Specifications (1500PB) 19 Diagram of BioSmart® Heater (1500PC Series) 20 Diagram of BioSmart® Heater (1500PB) 21 Calibration Procedure for the Thermostat 22 Electrical Schematic (1500PCP) 23 Electrical Schematic (1500PB) 23 Warranty & Service Information 24 ©2016 BioSmart Technologies Page 2 Congratulations on Your Purchase! Congratulations on purchasing your BioSmart® Therapeutic Quartz Far Infrared Heater! One of the best things about using your new BioSmart® Therapeutic Quartz Far Infrared Heater is the money you will save on gas and electric bills. -
Gas Fired Infrared Heaters Have Three Items to Create 1) Combustion of the Fuel Gas
A Detroit Radiant Products Company White Paper A Detroit Radiant Products Company White Paper Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s) Gas-Fired Infrared Heater Efficiency Conversion Diagram When heating with gas fired infrared heating appliances, there are four key steps in the Q: If an infrared heater has a high thermal efficiency, doesn’t that mean I will save gas-to-useful heat process that need to be considered. energy? The Combustion Triangle A: Although thermal efficiency is an important factor of an infrared heating appliance, it alone These steps are: The combustion process must does not account for the mechanism in which the appliance heats a building - Infrared energy. Gas Fired Infrared Heaters have three items to create 1) Combustion of the fuel gas. Limiting the analysis of an infrared heater to thermal efficiency only depicts how much energy and sustain a flame: Fuel, 2) Thermal transfer of the heat energy into the appliance. the appliance has retained from leaving the flue. Exclusively, thermal efficiency does not Understanding Efficiencies Oxygen, and Heat. 3) Radiant energy leaving the appliance. demonstrate how much energy will be saved when evaluating an infrared heater. This White Paper presents the differences between efficiencies in terms of measuring the operational benefits of 4) Distributing the radiant energy into a useful pattern. infrared heaters. Data presented represents an in-depth analysis of industry practices and on-site testing at our approved laboratory. Q: Where can I find the information for radiant efficiency, pattern efficiency, or the Taking into account the efficiency of each step is crucial in understanding the overall AFUE rating for my infrared heater? effectiveness of an infrared heater. -
Implementing a New Drying Oven at Pacific Can
Implementing a New Drying Oven at Pacific Can A Major Qualifying Project Submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By: Joseph Atchue______________________________ Kyle Chang________________________________ Gilberto Hernandez__________________________ Khoa Tan_________________________________ Project Advisors: Professor Jianyu Liang______________________ Professor Amy Zeng________________________ Contents Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Table of Tables.............................................................................................................................................. 8 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... 10 Authorship .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 14 Problem Statement ................................................................................................................................ -
Evidence Gathering for Electric Heating Options in Off Gas Grid Homes: Final Report
Evidence gathering for electric options in OGG households Element Energy Evidence gathering for electric heating options in off gas grid homes: Final Report BEIS Research Paper no: 2019/021 April 2019 Element Energy Limited Suite 1 Bishop Bateman Court Thompson’s Lane Cambridge CB5 8AQ Tel: 01223 852499 Fax: 01223 353475 1 Evidence gathering for electric options in OGG households BEIS Project team Sam Foster [email protected] Fiona Hughes [email protected] Ian Walker [email protected] 2 Evidence gathering for electric options in OGG households BEIS Table of Contents Project team ............................................................................................................................................ 2 1 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ 10 Glossary ......................................................................................................................................... 11 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Context and objectives .......................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Methodology ......................................................................................................................... -
Putting It All Together: Infrared Heat and Ceramicx ENGINEERING COMPETENCIES PRODUCT GUIDE TYPES of HEATERS NEW BUILDING CERAMICX INFRARED for INDUSTRY
HeatWorksHeatWorks 20 │ www.ceramicx.com Putting it all together: Infrared Heat and Ceramicx ENGINEERING COMPETENCIES PRODUCT GUIDE TYPES OF HEATERS NEW BUILDING CERAMICX INFRARED FOR INDUSTRY Welcome A fresh look at a new science A new factory certainly gives inspiration to take a fresh look at all manner of things. Such is the case here at Ceramicx and especially with regard to this the 20th issue of our in-house magazine – HeatWorks. We have chosen to celebrate our newly constructed facilities with a companion issue of the magazine – one that reminds, re-iterates and underscores the fundamentals of the science of Infrared heating. It is my hope that the reader retains this magazine issue as a regular primer and refresher on these IR heating matters. Four sections cover the ground; Principal types of IR heaters Primary Industrial Applications for IR heating Energy and radiation fundamentals Control and measurement of IR energy and heating. Make no mistake, Ceramicx is at the forefront of the scientific advancement of Infrared heating: Our commercial successes on five continents simply attest to the superior technical and scientific nature of our manufacturing and our resulting products and heaters. Empirical scientific research backs everything we do. And - as this magazine issue clearly shows - such IR science is not approximate. No ‘black art’ skills are required here. Instead, the clean, green and cost-effective energy solution for the C21 is becoming better understood and applied with every passing year. The new Ceramicx factory and enterprise remains at the cutting edge of that advancement. Frank Wilson Managing Director, Ceramicx Ltd. -
Technical Information Radiant Infrared Heating - Theory & Principles
Technical Technical Information Radiant Infrared Heating - Theory & Principles Infrared Theory Emissivity and an Ideal Infrared Source — Reflectivity — Materials with poor emissivity The ability of a surface to emit radiation is frequently make good reflectors. Polished gold Infrared energy is radiant energy which passes defined by the term emissivity. The same term with an emissivity of 0.018 is an excellent through space in the form of electromagnetic is used to define the ability of a surface to infrared reflector that does not oxidize easily. waves (Figure 1). Like light, it can be reflected absorb radiation. An ideal infrared source Polished aluminum with an emissivity of 0.04 and focused. Infrared energy does not depend would radiate or absorb 100% of all radiant is an excellent second choice. However, once on air for transmission and is converted to energy. This ideal is referred to as a “perfect” the surface of any metal starts to oxidize or heat upon absorption by the work piece. In black body with an emissivity of unity or 1.0. collect dirt, its emissivity increases and its fact, air and gases absorb very little infrared. The spectral distribution of an ideal infrared effectiveness as an infrared reflector decreases. As a result, infrared energy provides for emitter is below. efficient heat transfer without contact between Table 1 — Approximate Emissivities the heat source and the work piece. Spectral Distribution of a Blackbody Metals Polished Rough Oxidized Figure 1 at Various Temperatures Aluminum 0.04 0.055 0.11-0.19 !Peak Wavelength Brass 0.03 0.06-0.2 0.60 Copper 0.018-0.02 — 0.57 1400°F Gold 0.018-0.035 — — Wien Displacement Curve Steel 0.12-0.40 0.75 0.80-0.95 Stainless 0.11 0.57 0.80-0.95 ! Lead 0.057-0.075 0.28 0.63 1200°F Nickel 0.45-0.087 — 0.37-0.48 Silver 0.02-0.035 — — Tin 0.04-0.065 — — Infrared heating is frequently missapplied and Zinc 0.045-0.053 — 0.11 capacity requirements underestimated due to Radiant Energy 1000°F Galv.