High Efficiency Infrared Heaters -featuring Modulation- Advancements in Energy Savings, Controls Interface and Comfort of Infrared Space Heating Introduction

Differences Relative to Air Heating  Design Concepts  Application Concepts  Heating Mechanism Obtainable Benefits Over Air Heating  Comfort  Fuel & Electrical Savings  Optimum Building Performance Typical Heating Method-Warm Air What Is Infrared? Electromagnetic Spectrum Infrared Spectrum How Does Infrared Energy Heat? Energy Flow: Typical Air Heating Energy Flow: Infrared Heater Reflectivity Emissivity

MATERIAL EMISSIVITY @TEMPERATURE °F (wavelength ) Plain Steel 0.79 to 0.81 1000°F (3.6) Aluminized Steel (type 1) 0.20 to 0.50 1000°F (3.6) Aluminized Steel (Heat Treated) 0.80 1000°F (3.6) Porcelainized Steel 0.92 to 0.96 100°F (9.3) Cast Iron 0.95 1000°F (3.6) Stainless Steel ( type 304) 0.44 to 0.62 1000°F (3.6) Stainless Steel (type 430 polished) 0.10 to 0.20 100°F (9.2) Pyromark® Paint 0.80 1000°F (3.6) Absorptivity Concepts of Infrared Heating for Application

Cost? Cost? Cost? Length? Input?

How How Model? Model? ? ? Many? ? Many?

Location? Comfort? Height? Comfort? Comfort? Comfort

“A Neutral Thermal Sensation When the Body Regulates Its Internal Temperature with a Minimum of Effort”

Too Hot Just Right Too Cold Comfort is Influenced by:

 Air Temperature  Thermal Radiation  Air Movement  Humidity  Activity  Clothing Mean Radiant Temperature “The net amount of Infrared Energy available from surfaces to provide comfort” Operative Temperature (To)

AIR T = MRT + T o 2

Air Heating Infrared Heating

65 F+65 F 75 F+55 F T = = 65 F T = = 65 F o 2 o 2

Equivalent Perceived Comfort @ Lower Air Temperatures Design for Comfort

 Distribution Must Heat Floor Evenly to Increase MRT  Sufficient “Charge” Floor Must Exchange Energy with Surroundings  Even Heat Gentle Infrared Field from Multiple Directions Mean Radiant Temperature How infrared heat works in a building ASHRAE Heater Types Radiant Distribution with a CORAYVAC® Radiant Distribution with a Single Unit Adjustment Factor for Infrared Equipment Sizing

“Recognizing the reduced fuel requirement for these applications, ... it is common for manufacturers of infrared equipment to recommend installation of infrared equipment with a rated output that is 80 to 85% of the heat loss calculated by methods described in chapter 25 of the 1993 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals.” Adjustment Factor for Infrared Equipment Sizing

ASHRAE Calculated Heat Loss 1,000,000 Air Sizing (Output) Adjustment .80 Input Capacity Required. 1,250,000 Btu/hr

ASHRAE Calculated Heat Loss 1,000,000 Infrared Adjustment Factor X .80 Input capacity Required 800,000 Btu/hr Fuel Savings

CORAYVAC® VS Warm Air Unit Heater Annual increase per therm 0%

Building Heat Loss 1000000 BTU/HR Total Number Of Years 1

Degree Days 5000

Correction Factor (Cd) 0.600 COMPARISON OF ANNUAL FUEL COSTS Inside Temperature 68 ºF Outside Temperature 0 ºF For CORAYVAC® $ 6,596 Design Temp Rise 68 ºF For Warm Air Unit Heater $ 11,291 Fuel Cost

Prod A Using Natural Gas $0.80 /Therm ESTIMATED SAVINGS WITH: CORAYVAC®

Prod B Using Natural Gas $0.80 /Therm Total Savings (per year)= $ 4,694

Percentage Savings = 42% ESTIMATE OF ANNUAL FUEL USAGE

For CORAYVAC® Using Natural Gas

824,559 CU.FT. Per Year

For Warm Air Unit Heater Using Natural Gas

1,411,324 CU.FT. Per Year Electrical Savings

ELECTRIC AL CONSUM PTION COMPARI SON OF: CORAYVAC® VS Warm Air Unit Heater

Cost of Electricity per kWh $0.20

Installed Capacity of Heating Installed Capacity of System (BTU/Hr) Heating System (BTU/Hr) CORAYVAC® 800000 Warm Air Unit Heater 1250000

Approximate Hours Run Approximate Hours Run 1,031 1,129

Estimate of kW used per Estimate of kW used per Heating Season Heating Season 1564.60 5193.67

Estimated Annual Electrical Estimated Annual Cost Electrical Cost $312.92 $1,038.73

Estimated Electrical Savings with Total Electrical Savings CORAYVAC® $725.81

Electrical Savings Percentage 69.87% Roberts Gordon Product Offerings Roberts Gordon Product Offerings

900,000 Design Temperature

800,000

= Bldg. Req. 700,000 = Std. Input

600,000 = URV Added

500,000

480,000 2 28 400,000 -10 0 +10 +20 +30

Temperature (°F ) Roberts Gordon Product Offerings Applications Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Warehouse Retail Stores Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing Shipping and Receiving Shipping and Receiving Vestibule Vestibule Vehicle Storage Vehicle Storage Aviation Aviation Aviation Aviation Aviation Automotive Automotive Automotive

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