9/22/2021 History: Establishment and Expansion of Sultanate: Reconsolidation under Dynasty- FlexiPrep

FlexiPrep History: Establishment and Expansion of : Reconsolidation under Lodi Dynasty (For CBSE, ICSE, IAS, NET, NRA 2022)

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Reconsolidation under Lodi Dynasty (1451 - 1526 Ad) With the help of nobles, Bahlol Lodi (AD 1451 - 1489) became the Sultan. He led the foundation of Lodi Dynasty.

Lodis were the decedents of . Lodis were the first ruling family of Afghani origin.

Afghan nobles supported Bahlol Lodi. They were treated as equals in his empire.

To pacify Afghan nobles, Bahlol declared that he is one of the peer Afghan and not the king.

Bahlol suppressed the revolt in Mewat and Doab. In AD 1476, he defeated and annexed Jaunpur, Kalpi, Dholpur. However, he failed to reoccupy Bengal, Gujarat and Deccan.

Sikander Lodi succeeded Bahlol in AD 1489. He showed little tolerance towards non- Muslims. He imposed jaziya on non-Muslims.

Sikander believed in the superior position of nobles. He, therefore, compelled nobles and amirs to show formal respect to Sultan in darbar and outside the palace.

Sikander retained , Dholpur, Narwar, Gwalior, Nagor to Delhi Sultanate.

After the death of Sikander, Ibrahim Lodi became Sultan with the help of nobles.

Major revolts during the period of Ibrahim Lodi were against his brother Jalal Khan and Daulat Khan, who was the governor of .

Daulat Khan invited to help in the battle against Ibrahim Lodi. Babur defeated Ibrahim in the battle of Panipat in AD 1526 and laid the foundation of the in India.

Challenges Faced by the Sultanate The Delhi Sultanate went through major challenges during their vast rule.

Attacks by Mongols and Others

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Mongols were the nomadic groups who inhabited the steppes north of China and east of Lake Baikal. Chengiz Khan formed the Mongol empire in the 12th century. They posed a threat to the Sultanate and faced frequent invasions.

Balban and faced them with full force.

During the time of Khalji, Mongols under Qultlug Khan attacked Delhi.

The last significant Mongolian attack was by Tarmashirin, against Tughlaq.

Timur was another important ruler who attacked Delhi Sultanate in 1398. Timur was the son of Chagtai branch of Turks. Timur՚s raid was mainly motivated by plundering and looting. He ordered a general massacre in Delhi, killing common people.

Timur defeated Sultan Nasiruddin and his Wazir Mallu Iqbasl.

His attack indicates the decline of Delhi Sultanate.

Inner Conflict of Nobility 2 of 3 9/22/2021 History: Establishment and Expansion of Delhi Sultanate: Reconsolidation under Lodi Dynasty- FlexiPrep

The conflict between the Sultan and Nobles (Ulema) was one of the reasons for the decline of Delhi Sultanate.

They influenced the succession of Sultans from the period of Iltumish.

The ‘Chahalgani’ created by Iltumish soon became factions and made their favourite son/daughter as Sultan. This continued until the period of Tughlaq.

Provincial Kingdoms Another challenge was the declaration of independence by the regional kingdoms.

In this process, several Afghan and Turkish kingdoms emerged. Some of them were Bengal, Jaunpur, Malwa, Gujarat, Bahmani Kingdoms.

Resistance by Indian Chiefs Sultans had to face resistance from Indian chiefs frequently. Some of them were chiefs, Warangal, Deogir, Ma ′ bar , king of Dhar, Malwa, Jajnagar etc. All these struggles weakened the Sultanate.

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