American Printing House for the Blind

“Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Section 2: Reading & Writing Revised Graphic Proofs Submittal 08.31.12 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Elevation Not to Scale

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing Final Size: 35.4375” x 78” Photo courtesy American Foundation for the Blind for Foundation American courtesy Photo ” to the printed book. to the printed rst introduced by Louis Braille Braille Louis by introduced rst As soon as I could spell a few words words a few spell I could As soon as From the printed slip it was but a step but a step it was slip the printed From my teacher gave me slips of cardboard cardboard of me slips gave teacher my “ 1905 — Helen Keller, on which were printed words in raised letters. letters. in raised words printed were on which real-world objects and actions. In about objects and actions. In about real-world made the connection: a month, Helen suddenly Objects had names! water!! meant W-A-T-E-R Anne Sullivan’s with that point onward, From became a Helen Keller help, continued used her who learner eager determined, math, literature, tools to explore newfound more. and much geography, science, all the she mastered up, As Helen grew the blind, from for systems reading popular dot codes. various to letters (embossed) raised typewriter. She also used a manual print the was however, system, favorite Her dots fi raised is still system braille The in 1829. in France are to serve peoplewho worldwide used impaired. visually blind or

Anne Sullivan Sullivan Anne Writing Reading & and the Perkins School and the Perkins rst, the task seemed insurmountable — — seemed insurmountable the task rst, Helen Keller had a gift for language — even though language — even though had a gift for Helen Keller age. at an early and hearing sight she lost her wrote father her six, was Helen when In 1886, School the Perkins head of Anagnos, to Michael Some a teacher. the Blind in Boston, seeking for his recent sent one of Anagnos months later, south to Alabama Anne Sullivan, graduates, language Helen. Using manual sign to tutor with combined the deaf-blind, developed for blind students, used for printing raised-letter progressive on her drew teacher young the student her to introduce at Perkins education communication. of to the fundamentals At fi and letters words Helen that the teaching hand represented spelled into her Teacher RW.01 – Intro RW.01

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing Final Size: 35.4375” x 78” — Essai sur l’education des aveugles des l’education sur Essai t of sighted readers. sighted t of rst book ever printed in raised letters for for letters in raised printed book ever rst RW_A08 Tactile Reproduction of French book French of Reproduction Tactile the a page from presents reproduction This book, 1786 the fi forms rounded The blind. were peoplewho to handwriting. similar are the letters of the in, for also inked were letters The benefi Tactile Reproduction of French book Reproduction Tactile This reproduction presents a page from the 1786 book, Essai sur l’education des aveugles — the first book ever printed in raised letters for people who were blind. The rounded forms of the letters are similar to handwriting. The letters were also inked in, for the benefit of sighted readers. (French Essay) (French ” — Valentin Haüy, 1786 Haüy, Valentin — Valentin Haüy (1745-1822) Haüy Valentin the Blind” and Apostle of “Father culty in teaching a blind person a blind person in teaching culty s rst school for for school rst e American Printing House Printing e American h the United State y t f b etters etters l

d in raise d or the Blind, 1875 or The Constitution o of the United States Constitution Constitution The The House Printing the American by letters in raised Printed Printe the Blind, 1875 for f RW_A02 visual powers are in their highest perfection… highest in their are powers visual There is no more diffi is no more There the principles of reading, than in teaching one whose one whose than in teaching reading, of the principles “ The Constitution of the United States American Printing House Printed in raised letters by the for the Blind, 1875

The First Tactile Books Books Tactile First The rst accessible book. Its pages were embossed in raised in raised embossed book. Its pages were accessible rst In 1786 Valentin Haüy, founder of the fi of founder Haüy, Valentin In 1786 children who were blind in Paris, France, created the the created France, blind in Paris, were who children fi the book on students produced Haüy’s letters. Roman made moveable type using specially press a printing letters. raised with the pages to emboss 1786 France, the Blind) Paris, of on the Education (An Essay aveugles des l’education sur Essai RW.02 – Inter RW.02

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing Final Size: 35.4375” x 78” Samuel Gridley Howe (1801-1876) Howe Gridley Samuel England Asylum the New founded Howe Institution) and Perkins the Blind (later for education. blindness pioneered by John Gay by (Fables) Fables RW_A07 , in , in Page Reproduction from Fables by John Gay House American Printing Printed in raised letters by the for the Blind, 1869 Printed in raised letters by the American Printing House Printing the American by letters in raised Printed the Blind, 1869 for Page Reproduction from from Reproduction Page line type,” printing printing line type,” rst books were were books rst Acts of the Apostles of Acts oman letters without capitals without oman letters rst book, rst 1834. Howe’s method Howe’s became main the 1834. and to children taught type embossed the When years. 50 the next over the Blind House for Printing American its fi began in 1858, in Boston line type. printed Boston Line Type Boston Line used Howe Samuel Gridley In the U.S., R angular to develop “Boston his fi RW.03

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing Final Size: 35.4375” x 78” Ruggles Press Ruggles by John Bunyan, embossed in embossed John Bunyan, by The Pilgrim’s Progress Pilgrim’s The RW_A10 (Pilgrims Progress) (Pilgrims T.M. Lucas’ Embossed Stenographic Characters, London, 1860 London, Characters, Stenographic Embossed Lucas’ T.M. Tactile Reproduction Tactile A page from Tactile Reproduction Tactile Progress by John Bunyan, em- page from The Pilgrim’s A Stenographic Characters, Embossed Lucas’ bossed in T.M. London, 1860 diplomacy, ancient writing such as hieroglyphics, as hieroglyphics, such writing ancient diplomacy, writing. and shorthand learn blind could were peoplewho While and codes, letters raised various the to read problem: one major shared all these systems them by create or not “write” could users be could tactile systems early These hand. press. on a printing only produced L shorthand of lines, and dots. A teacher curved dictation, he based his alphabet on for writing the day. of shorthand system a popular nding it nding it Reading with Codes RW_A09 Tactile Reproduction Tactile Key to Lucas Type (Lucas Key) (Lucas Tactile Reproduction Tactile Type to Lucas Key tactile codes. His system, introduced introduced His system, tactile codes. Many early 19th-century inventors and teachers and teachers inventors 19th-century early Many tactile (touchable) to make ways explored blind. were peoplewho for systems reading alphabet, fi the Roman rejected Many Instead, they touch. by to read cult too diffi shapes or using raised tactile codes invented tactile codes Ideas for alphabet letters. lines for used in and ciphers codes music, from came Lucas Type Lucas one of designed M. Lucas Thomas Englishman the earliest lines, straight of system used a raised in 1833, RW.04 – Flip/Inter RW.04

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing Final Size: 35.4375” x 78” RW_A11 (Moon Type) The Moon Alphabet The blind was who Moon, an inventor William based on the system a code created himself, to their reduced letters alphabetwith Roman from reads Moon system The simplest forms. to right and then from on one line, to right left is system popular once This on the next. left today. Britain in Great a few still used by Tactile Reproduction of a page of Moon type Tactile Tactile Reproduction of a page of Moon type of a page of Reproduction Tactile (Moon Key) RW_A12 Tactile Key to the Moon System of embossed reading Tactile Tactile Key to the Moon System of embossed reading embossed of to the Moon System Key Tactile Dr. William Moon (1818-1894) William Dr. RW.05

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing Final Size: 35.4375” x 78” (Hall Braille Writer) (Hall Braille rst published his code in 1829. published his code rst RW_A01 RW_A04 Tabletop RW_A04 Girl Using a braillewriter, 1902 1902 a braillewriter, a braillewriter, Using Using Girl Girl Girl Using a braillewriter Impaired Impaired 1902 Visually Visually the the for for Illinois School Illinois School courtesy courtesy Photo Photo (Washboard Slate) (Washboard “Washboard” Slate, ca. 1890, Museum Collection “Washboard” Louis Braille himself used a “washboard” slate like this one, which has parallel metal A horizontal grooves instead of the pitted cells of more recent models. guide with three rows of cells may be moved down the page. The writer uses the stylus to punch the dots. Many students still use braille slates for short short slates for students still use braille Many assignments. longer for notes and braillewriters a with note-taker an electronic prefer Others Plus. as the Braille such display refreshable Louis Braille Louis became - 1852) (1809 Braille Louis French-born blind for the school and entered blind at age four he at age ten. As a teacher, in Paris children to read ways better with to experiment continued He fi write. and and writing Modern reading and numerals. Braille codes have been created been created have codes Braille and numerals. notation, and music. chemical mathematics, for into braille. beAll languages can translated (Braille Key) (Braille ) (APH Light-Touch) RW_A12 Tabletop RW_A12 The Braille System Braille The Frank Haven Hall (1841-1911) Hall (1841-1911) Haven Haven Frank Frank Frank Haven Hall (1841 1911 Impaired Impaired Visually Visually the the for for Illinois School Illinois School courtesy courtesy Photo Photo RW_A05 Tabletop RW_A05 Louis Braille (1809–1852) Braille Louis RW_A03 (Holy Communion) (Holy Special Holy Communion Service for Special Holy Communion Service for Those at Home or in Hospital Embossed in Grade 1 Moon type (Braille Slate & Stylus) (Braille rst, a raised dot code – the braille system — — system – the braille dot code a raised rst, Although raised Roman letter systems were popular were systems letter Roman raised Although at fi ultimately became the standard reading system system reading became the standard ultimately its inventor, blind. Named for are peoplewho for be read; not only could code braille Braille, Louis using individuals hand by by bewritten it could gradually system braille The a slate and stylus. is braille Today tactile codes. all other replaced world. the used all over its because of revolutionary was system Braille’s dots arranged has six cell braille The simplicity. be dots can six These columns. three-dot in two, for allowing patterns, different in 63 arranged and common conjunctions, punctuation marks, well as the alphabet as combinations, letter RW_A06 Tabletop RW_A06 RW.06 – Table/Inter – RW.06

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Encased Object Label Final Size: 8” x 3”

The Constitution of the United States Printed in raised letters by the American Printing House for the Blind, 1875

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Encased Graphic Panel Final Size: 19” x 8.25”

Frank Haven Hall (1841-1911) Girl Using a braillewriter, 1902 Photo courtesy Illinois School for the Visually Impaired Photo courtesy Illinois School for the Visually Impaired

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Encased Object Label Final Size: 8” x 3”

Special Holy Communion Service for Those at Home or in Hospital Embossed in Grade 1 Moon type

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Encased Object Label Final Size: 8” x 3”

“Washboard” Slate ca. 1890 Museum Collection Louis Braille himself used a “washboard” slate like this one, which has parallel horizontal grooves instead of the pitted cells of more recent models. A metal guide with three rows of cells may be moved down the page. The writer uses the stylus to punch the dots.

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Tabletop Object Label Final Size: 6” x 3”

Hall Braille Writer ca. 1900 Museum Collection This machine may be touched, but it is inoperable.

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Tabletop Object Label Final Size: 6” x 3”

APH Light-Touch Perkins Brailler The American Printing House for the Blind and the Howe Memorial Press introduced this updated version of the durable Perkins Brailler in 2011.

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Tabletop Object Label Final Size: 6” x 3”

Braille Slate with Stylus A modern pocket slate used to write braille. The design has changed very little in the last one hundred years.

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Tabletop Object Label Final Size: 6” x 3”

Braille Key Need Object Reproduction of the Key to Braille Photo Grade One and Grade One and a Half, introduced in 1917

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Tabletop Instructional/Information Panel Final Size: 7” x 7”

Instructions for Using Slate and Stylus

Try writing braille by hand using a slate and stylus.

1. Open slate with hinged side to left, place paper in slate, and close top plate.

2. Use stylus to punch dots in each cell into the paper. Write from right to left to form signs as shown on the WRITING DIAGRAM.

3. Remove paper and turn it over. Read your signs from left to right, as shown on the READING DIAGRAM.

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Tabletop Instructional/Information Panel Final Size: 7” x 7”

The First Mechanical Braille Writer

The braille slate was a wonderful tool that enabled blind people to write to other blind people and take notes for their studies. However, writing braille on a slate was slow. Inspired by the typewriter, inventors soon sought a mechanical solution.

Frank Haven Hall (1841-1911), superintendent of the Illinois Institution for Education of the Blind, invented a mechanical braillewriter in 1892. Within months, Hall’s students were writing 85 words a minute with their machines!

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Tabletop Instructional/Information Panel Final Size: 7” x 7”

Write Your Name in Braille!

Instructions for Using the Braillewriter

1. Pull the paper release lever (A) toward you and feed a bookmark under the embossing head.

2. Close the paper release lever and feed the bookmark into the writer by turning the paper feed knob (B).

3. Look at the BRAILLEWRITE/SLATE READING DIAGRAM. Form a sign by pressing the numbered keys indicated for each sign, all at the same time.

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Tabletop Braille Alphabet Panel Final Size: 8” x 5.5”

The Braille Alphabet Right to left for slate and stylus

4 1 4 1 4 1 4 4 2 2 2 5 5 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 3 6 3 6 z y x w v u

1 1 4 1 4 14 4 1 4 14 4 4 25 5 2 5 2 5 5 2 2 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 t s r q p o n m l k

1 1 4 1 4 14 4 1 4 14 4 4 25 5 2 5 2 5 5 2 2 5 j i h g f e d c b a

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02 11-261 American Printing House for the Blind – Traveling Exhibit Graphic Description: Section 2: Reading & Writing - Tabletop Braille Alphabet Panel Final Size: 8” x 5.5”

The Braille Alphabet Left to right for reading and braillewriter

1 1 14141 1 4 1 4 1 4 4 2 5 5 2 2 5 252 2 5 a b c d e f g h i j

1 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 4 4 2 5 5 2 2 5 2 5 2 2 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 k l m n o p q r s t

1 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 2 2 5 5 5 3636 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 u v w x y z

American Printing House for the Blind “Child in a Strange Country” Traveling Exhibit Concept Schultz 11-261 08-31-12 — Revised Reading & Writing Graphic Proof Package 02