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Political Development in Palembang During the Liberal Democracy Era (1951-1959) Adhitya Rol Asmi*, Muhammad Reza Pahlevi, Yunani

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Political Development in Palembang During the Liberal Democracy Era (1951-1959) Adhitya Rol Asmi*, Muhammad Reza Pahlevi, Yunani Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 513 4th Sriwijaya University Learning and Education International Conference (SULE-IC 2020) Political Development in Palembang During the Liberal Democracy Era (1951-1959) Adhitya Rol Asmi*, Muhammad Reza Pahlevi, Yunani History Education, Universitas Sriwijaya *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This research described the political development in Palembang during the Liberal Democracy era in 1951-1959. The research problem was how the process of political development in Palembang during the Liberal Democracy era in 1951-1959. This study aimed at finding out the process of political development in Palembang during the Liberal Democracy era in 1951-1959. The method used was the historical method (historical) which was carried out through stages such as heuristics (collection of sources), review of literature related to the object of research, data verification, interpretation, and finally the writing of history itself (historiography). Sources of data used in this study were primary sources and secondary sources obtained from books and informants related to the problem. South Sumatra, which was formed in 1950, made Palembang as the capital of the province with a population that at that time reached 1,374 people per thousand meters. Since then Palembang has several mayors who lead, namely Mr. R. Sudarman Gandasubrata (1950-1954 period), R.A. Abusamah (1955-1956 period), and M. Ali Amin (1956-1961 period). Each period of this government had various kinds of political policies that contributed greatly to the development of urban development during the liberal democracy era. Keywords: Political development, Palembang, Liberal democracy, History. 1. INTRODUCTION was never separated from various kinds of political conflicts that led to the disintegration of the nation. When Indonesia proclaimed its independence on Ironically, the various conflicts that followed were August 17, 1945, Indonesia adopted the presidential frictions initiated by the Indonesians themselves. This system of government which was established at the also affects areas in Indonesia. Indonesian Independence Preparatory (PPKI) session on August 18, 1945. In managing the government at the South Sumatra, which in the previous period was beginning of Indonesia's independence, it was disturbed part of a federal state formed by the Dutch government by Dutch efforts to regain control of Indonesia so that it called the State of South Sumatra (NSS), chose to rejoin happened. Military Aggression I and II. This event the Republic of Indonesia on March 18, 1950. The ended with a diplomatic agreement of the Round Table formation of the NSS itself could not be separated from Conference in Den Hag, The Netherlands on 23 August political developments and conditions. Indonesia during - 2 November 1949. the revolution. The NSS region itself covers the city of Palembang and its surroundings which is headed by the After the agreement, the period of the early 1950s then-elected president, Abdul Malik. The formation and was the initial period of the government of the Republic election of the president itself was carried out by an of Indonesia which was completely independent advisory board formed by the Dutch government under without any outside interference. The period of the the control of Regerings Commissarissen Voor government of the Republic of Indonesia in 1950 itself Bestuursaangelegenheden (RECOMBA) on April 16th, began when the United Republic of Indonesia (RIS) 1948. RECOMBA itself is a state commissioner for was officially dissolved on August 17, 1950. Since then civil government affairs assigned by the Dutch the government of the Republic of Indonesia has Government to prepare for the establishment of the continued to strive to improve the whole structure of NSS. NSS was officially established on August 30, life, especially in the political and governmental fields 1948 with the approval of Van Mook who was the from the center to the regional level. In the following years, the history of the Indonesian nation until 1965 Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 482 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 513 Governor General of the Dutch Government at that Permatasari, and Dyah Kumalasari. This study provides time. further explanation regarding the elements of state completeness according to the 1950 Constitution, The NSS itself was not able to last long as many namely the president and vice president, ministers, the states chose to join the Republic of Indonesia. In the People's Representative Council, the Supreme Court end, NSS was officially disbanded on August 24th, and the Financial Supervisory Board. 1950 and the area was then integrated into the Province of South Sumatra under the Government of the When viewed from the above studies, the Republic of Indonesia. The dissolution of the NSS was researchers focused more on the study of the liberal carried out on the basis of the demands of the people of democracy period in the scope of the central South Sumatra who elected their representatives, dr. M. government, both in terms of the constitutional system Isa, to be able to talk about the intention of the and political policy. One of the interesting things if we Palembang people to join the Republic of Indonesia [1]. try to trace political studies during the Liberal dr. M. Isa himself was an RIS Commissioner who was Democracy era is the event of the first election in 1955. later appointed as Governor of South Sumatra replacing The implementation of the first election in 1955 has Abdul Malik who served as president of the NSS during become a special attraction for researchers to see the RIS era. The process of handing over this position political developments in the regions, especially itself took place on March 18, 1950 which is Palembang City. The identity of Palembang, which is documented in the following document: one of the big cities in Sumatra and has been an area 1. Deed of submission and acceptance of granted decentralization rights (Cementer) since the government power over the State of South Dutch colonialism era, makes the history of Sumatra. Palembang's political development interesting for 2. The proclamation of the handover and further study. acceptance of the power of the South Sumatra Based on the narrative above, the problem Government. formulation in this study is how the political 3. Decree issued by the Governor, dr. M. Isa. development of Palembang during the liberal Meanwhile, the basis for implementing regional democracy era (1951-1959). This study also aims to government itself refers to Law No.1 of 1945, Law No. describe the political development of Palembang during 10 of 1948, Law no. 22 of 1948, Law no. 1 of 1957, the liberal democracy era. Law No. 28 of 1959, Law no. 6 of 1959, pen press No. 5 of 1960 (enhanced) pen pres. No. 6 of 1959 (which 2. METHOD was revised), Law no. 18 of 1965, and so on refers to In this research, the writer uses historical research the law [2] . method or commonly known as historical method. The There are several studies that have been done historical method according to Sjamsuddin [3] is a regarding the Liberal Democracy era. Dewi conducted a process of reviewing, explaining and analyzing research entitled Regional Decentralization in critically of past recordings and legacies. The purpose Palembang in 1948-1957. In this study, it is revealed of the historical method itself is to make a systematic that decentralization which gives flexibility to regions and objective reconstruction of an event in the past with to regulate their own regions is not done because the scientific steps such as collecting data (Heuristics), central government still controls the regional verifying and evaluating data (Criticism), and government so that the regions feel that they are being interpreting it into a fact (Historiography). in order to treated unfairly and in the end lead to rebellion in the obtain a conclusion from a complete series of events. regions. Completing the research data of this paper, the author also does a literature review to strengthen and Furthermore, research related to the Liberal discover new historical facts. The data presented in this Democracy period was also examined by Irham with study came from books and articles related to the the title Democracy in Indonesia: Reflections on the formulation of problems to be discussed in this study. Institutionalization of Democracy in the Constitution, the Regional Government Law, and the Law on 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Regional Head Elections. This research explains the comparison of the 1945 Constitution and the 1950 3.1 The Influence of Liberal Democracy in Provisional Basic Law which explains the development Palembang of regional autonomy regulations. In addition to the two studies above, there is also a study entitled Indonesian After the dissolution of RIS on 17th of August State Administration System in the Liberal Democracy 1945, the government decided to implement a liberal Period in 1950-1959 by Johan. Setiawan, Wahyu Ida democratic system. As a result of this decision, the 483 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 513 government no longer used the 1945 Constitution, and 1. Mr. R. Sudarman Gandasubrata (1950-1954 as a substitute, the 1950 UUDS was used before new Period) laws were made by constituent members. In the 1950 Constitution, it has regulated a democratic system Mr. R. Sudarman Gandasubrata was appointed through parties which can sit in parliament through a mayor based on the Minister of Home Affairs issued on general election as a form of democracy. The President July 9, 1950 No. UP / 17/14/25. The policies that appoints the Prime Minister to lead the cabinet and is emerged during Sudarman's leadership included: responsible for parliament.
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