WOMEN BIRDERS PROGRAM Sponsored by Jacamar Club And

> A Field Report < Of Birding Excursions and The importance of Empowering Women in the Birding Activities for Enviromental Education in Peru and Bolivia.

WOMEN BIRDERS PROGRAM Sponsored by Jacamar Club and Vortex Optics, The San Pablo De Cuyana Community LORETO (Forests Flooded By Black Waters) – January 23th 2021 Lilian Malafaya 1, Ana Amable2, Richard Amable3 [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] https://jacamarclub.com/ [email protected]

The “Women Birders”, a program created to empower women in the good ecological practices of birding & birdwatching in Peru and Bolivia. Though this program the women in the community will be able to increase their leadership and knowledge in conservation and ecotourism. Also, this will make a difference in their communities as they can represent their communities and will lead the changes in local conservation behavior. Finally, it will benefit directly to the conservation of local birds.

The Jacamar Club programs perform a series of activities as a preliminary steps to environmental education, ecotourism ideas and conservation of bird habitats in Peru and Bolivia.

Participants from Loreto in the 2021 birding excursion in the San Pablo de Cuyana Community - Photo by Julio Pacaya

BIRDING LOCALITY OF INTEREST

Puerto Santa Clara, located in the district of San Juan, department of Loreto. Where river boats are taken to the San Pablo de Cuyana community - photo by J. Mazzotti (Internet)

LORETO It is the department that has the largest extension in Peru and is located in the northeast of the country, limits to the north with Ecuador and Colombia, to the east with Brazil, to the south with Ucayali and to the west with San Martín and Amazonas; Within its territory there are extensive rivers such as the Marañon and Ucayali rivers, whose union generates the main course of the Amazon River. Transportation to get there is by river and air. The climate is tropical and rainy, with an average temperature of 26 ° C., its annual precipitation fluctuates between 2,500 and 3,000 mm and the relative humidity is between 80 and 100%.

SAN PABLO DE CUYANA COMMUNITY It is a village that is located by the Nanay River, in the Maynas Province, Loreto Department, where it is flooded seasonally or permanently with oligotrophic, non-mineralized or sub-mineralized flowing waters, where at the same time you can find the growth of commercialized timber vegetation like cedar or mahogany, and non-timber like aguaje. The diversity of species is greater than in the forests flooded by white waters, as well as the variability in the floristic composition of some geographic locations to others. Its annual rainfall is 92 meters above sea level, with the presence of a rainy season from December to March and a dry season from July to September. The average relative humidity is 87%. BIRDING LOCALITY AND GPS COORDINATE San Pablo de Cuyana Communyti/ Loreto/ 3°46'15.5"S - 73°21'43.9"W

Inside the classic river transport to reach the San Pablo de Cuyana community - Photo by Julio Pacaya.

THE MAP AND THE BIRDING LOCALITY OF INTERES

Figure 1 Map and Location of Interest for Bird Watching, in the San Pablo de Cuyana Community - Peru. Referee. Google Earth

Figure 2 Map and Location of Interest for Bird Watching, in the San Pablo de Cuyana Community - Peru. Referee. List in Ebird. The blue lines are the displacement.

THE KEY TO THE BIRD LIST

* = Species heard only Red – IUCN Red List Category IOC = International Ornithological Congress SACC = South American Classification Committee

THE LIST

ANSERIFORMES ANATIDAE 1. Black-bellied Whistling-Duck - Dendrocygna autumnalis - Pato-Silbón de Vientre Negro In flight. Slender duck, with long neck and legs. Brown body with black, electric pink legs and red bill. The white wing stripe is mostly visible in flight. Travel in flocks. It is active at night. Vocalize frequently. Its range is expanding north in recent years.

GALLIFORMES CRACIDAE 2. Speckled Chachalaca - Ortalis guttata - Chachalaca Jaspeada* Heard only, Loud, shrill calls are often heard at dawn and dusk, when calls from an individual often start a chorus of calls from other chachalacas in the area.

COLUMBIFORMES COLUMBIDAE 3. Pale-vented Pigeon - Patagioenas cayennensis - Paloma Colorada* Large pigeon of flooded savannas, riverbanks, open areas with interspersed trees, locally in some towns. Its gray head contrasts with the pink body, but its white belly does not contrast much with its grayish tail. Compare with the Red-billed Pigeon which is darker, usually present in the same areas but prefers drier and wooded habitats. Also note the black beak of the Pale-vented Pigeon, and its distinctive song: after an initial long “cú”, a typically three-syllable repetitive phrase, as opposed to the 4-syllable coo of the Red- billed Pigeon.

4. Plumbeous Pigeon - Patagioenas plumbea - Paloma Plomiza* It is found from lowlands to the subtropical zone, up to 2,300 m, where they forage for food, are solitary or can be in pairs. The song is lulling with the last two longest notes. Mostly purplish gray, slightly darker and brown on the wings. Pale eye Equal sexes. Note the lighter appearance and the longer tail than many other pigeons.

5. Ruddy Pigeon - Patagioenas subvinacea - Paloma Rojiza* Slightly different vocalization - a clipped hiss, "jut ju ju ju!", is a small pigeon, generally rufous-pink in color, darker on the wings.

6. Gray-fronted Dove - Leptotila rufaxilla - Paloma de Frente Gris* The song you hear frequently is a sad "whoo", repeated every 5–10 seconds, particularly in the morning. In flight, the white tips on the outer tail feathers are often visible, as in the similar White-tipped Dove, but with less extensive white. It is also distinguished from that species by the red, not blue skin around the eye, and the brighter, more contrasting gray forehead.

CUCULIDAE 7. Greater Ani - Crotophaga major - Garrapatero Grande It is the largest animal, distinctive with its piercing yellow eye, and bright shades of blue, green, and purple on its wings and tail. Always associated with water; it especially tends to be found in the lower edge of the forest near slow-moving lakes and rivers.

8. Smooth-billed Ani - Crotophaga ani - Garrapatero de Pico Liso The typical calls of both species are different, Smooth-billed has a small hiss similar to that of a meowing cat. Carbon black in color, with long flexible tails and very deep unique beaks with very broad lateral faces.

9. Squirrel Cuckoo - Piaya cayana - Cuco Ardilla Found in a wide variety of forested habitats and forest edges. It has red eyes and a yellow beak, it is very striking for its long tail where it has white tips.

APODIFORMES APODIDAE 10. Short-tailed Swift - Chaetura brachyura - Vencejo de Cola Corta Rather small and dark swift, it has wide wings, accentuating the short and square tail. Fairly common. It often occurs in scattered flocks that feed on adjacent forests, rivers, and open areas.

11. Fork-tailed Palm-Swift - Tachornis squamata - Vencejo Tijereta de Palmeras Slender body and long, deeply forked tail, which is normally kept closed. Dark brown above and whitish below. Often seen in groups and invariably near palm stands, in urban and rural areas, in which they nest.

TROCHILIDAE: 12. Blue-tailed Emerald - Chlorostilbon mellisugus - Esmeralda de Cola Azul Small green humid lowland common hummingbird. The bill is black in both sexes. Found in a wide variety of rainforest habitats, but most common near forest edges, including agricultural áreas.

CHARADRIIFORMES JACANIDAE 13. Wattled Jacana - Jacana jacana - Gallito de Agua de Frente Roja Striking, medium-sized swamp bird with exceptionally long toes. He always has a red forehead and beard at the base of his beak. Juveniles are tan brown above with white underside and brow; note yellow bill and long fingers to separate them from other swamp birds. All ages show yellow wings in flight.

SCOLOPACIDAE 14. Solitary Sandpiper - Tringa solitaria - Playero Solitario Generally gray above and white below, fine white mottling on wings and usually with distinctive white spectacles. The body wobbles like the Spotted Sandpiper, but the movement is not nearly as fast or dramatic. The spring migration is short and fast, in the fall it can be observed in the interior of the US It winters in Central and South America.

LARIDAE 15. Large-billed Tern - Phaetusa simplex - Gaviotín de Pico Grande Unmistakable large, noisy tern, with a long, thick yellow bill, black crown, tritonal wings (black primaries, pale secondaries, and gray upper blankets), and gray tail. Juveniles have more brownish crown and wings. Present along large rivers and lakes, seasonally on the coast.

PELECANIFORMES ARDEIDE

16. Cattle Egret - Bubulcus ibis - Garcita Bueyera Small and compact white heron, with thick yellow bill. It is often seen in dry areas. With red or yellow legs during the reproductive season, black during the non-reproductive season. Breeding birds have redder bills and creamy patches on the body. They are often fed by following cattle or tractors in agricultural areas.

17. Striated Heron - Butorides striata - Garcita Estriada The small size and mostly gray color set it apart from most other herons and bitterns. Look for the contrasting dark cap, distinct light edging on the wing feathers, and red and white stripes down the front of the neck. Usually solitary, it is found peacefully perched in wetlands, such as swamps, agricultural fields, rivers, and lakes.

Striated Heron – photo by Nelly Pinedo

18. Capped Heron - Pilherodius pileatus - Garza Pileada Unmistakable due to the blue coloration of the bill; the combination of the silver back, beige neck and belly, black cap and blue lores (sometimes bright turquoise) help distinguish it from other herons. Also note the long white feathers on the back of the head. Occurs near swamps, wooded ponds, and rivers, generally walks alone.

CATHARTIFORMES CATHARTIDAE 19. Black Vulture - Coragyps atratus - Gallinazo de Cabeza Negra In flight, the broad, rounded wings with characteristic white "fingers" are kept flat as a board. Notice the very short tail and the small black head.

20. Turkey Vulture - Cathartes aura - Gallinazo de Cabeza Roja In the distance it seems dark. Up close, it is seen to be dark brown on top with a peeled red head. In flight, the undersides of the wings are two-toned; clearer around the trailing edge of the wing, as opposed to just the wingtips in Black Vulture.

21. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture - Cathartes burrovianus - Gallinazo de Cabeza Amarilla Menor The head is more colorful, with a yellow face and a light blue crown. In the distance, the paler head is observed. The upper parts of the wings show white patches on the tips, unlike the brown patches on the Cathartes Aura.

ACCIPITRIFORMES ACCIPITRIDAE 22. Roadside Hawk - Rupornis magnirostris - Aguilucho Caminero Often seen on cables, posts, and fences. Adult has piercing pale eyes, striated chest that contrasts with barred belly. The immature is striated on the undersides, very similar to other immature hawks, but its tail has very wide and even bands. Flies with fast and strong wingbeats, makes displays with noisy flights mainly in late winter and early spring.

STRIGIFORMES STRIGIDAE 23. Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl - Glaucidium brasilianum - Lechucita Ferruginosa It prefers open tropical forests and their edges, secondary vegetation with trees (including parks in towns and cities) as well as grasslands with pine trees. It can sometimes be found due to persistent hissing or a flock of small birds harassing it as it perches, either on an open branch or within foliage. Their color varies from cinnamon to greyish in general, although all variations have very fine white baring on the crown (not points) and many thin dark bars on the tail.

Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl – photo by Julio Pacaya

TROGONIFORMES TROGONIDA 24. Black-tailed Trogon - Trogon melanurus - Trogón de Cola Negra Large trogon with red belly and thick yellow bill. The female has a gray head and breast, while the male is emerald green with a white band separating the breast from the red belly. Note the underside of the tail dark gray. It is found in the canopy and middle levels of lowland forests, mainly in the Amazon basin in northern South America.

25. Green-backed Trogon - Trogon viridis - Trogón de Dorso Verde Quietly poses in an upright position for long periods. Males have a green back, bluish head and chest, and yellow belly. The underside of the tail is white with dark spots. Females have a gray-brown head and chest. Their tails are similar to those of males but they also have gray horizontal bars. Found in upper and intermediate levels of humid forests, on forest edges as well as in less dense forests and secondary forests.

Green-backed Trogon – photo by Nelly Pinedo

CORACIIFORMES ALCEDINIDAE 26. Ringed Kingfisher - Megaceryle torquata - Martín Pescador Grande Blue gray with shaggy crest, white collar and reddish belly. Male and female are similar, but notice the different breast pattern: totally reddish in the male, while the female has a blue-gray band bordered by white. Often visible, searching for fish in shallow water from a prominent perch and chattering loudly when disturbed. Alone or pairs, they are also often seen flying high and giving loud "keck" calls. It nests in burrows dug into walls, usually along streams or water channels.

27. Green Kingfisher - Chloroceryle americana - Martín Pescador Verde Small in size with disproportionately long bill. Glossy dark green above with white throat, collar and wingtips. Often holds the tail raised. The outer tail feathers are white with conspicuous green spots in flight. The male has a reddish chest; the female has a white breast with green spots forming two bands. It is found along rivers or ponds. Less conspicuous than some other kingfishers, they often perch on dangling branches near the surface of the water. Low flight with fast wingbeats.

GALBULIFORMES BUCCONIDAE 28. Black-fronted Nunbird - Monasa nigrifrons - Monja de Frente Negra The red bill is conspicuous and its body feathers a shade of black and is typically found in younger forests and at forest edges rather than in mature forests. Perches on exposed branches in the middle and upper levels of the forest, sometimes remaining immobile for long periods. They often walk in pairs or groups, frequently erupting in a cacophony of thunderous parrot-like noises.

GALBULIDAE 29. White-eared Jacamar - Galbalcyrhynchus leucotis - Jacamar de Oreja Blanca Large-looking bird with a small head and beak larger than other jacamars, it evokes a kingfisher. Brown color, in general, with a red-pinkish bill. Present in humid highlands and seasonally flooded forests, where it is most often seen making short flights to catch prey from exposed branches, often in small groups.

PICIFORMES CAPITONIDAE 30. Gilded Barbet - Capito auratus - Barbudo Brilloso The plumage is variable: the throat and the breast vary from yellow to red, while the rest of the body is marked in yellow and black. Found in a variety of habitats from forest edge to mature rainforest. Their song is heard from a long distance.

RAMPHASTIDAE 31. Chestnut-eared Araçari - Pteroglossus castanotis - Arasari de Oreja Castaña Medium-sized toucan from the tropical rain forest. It is distinguished from other toucans by a blue patch of bare skin around the light eye and a single red band on its yellow belly. Prefers forest edges and young forest; it is often found near gardens and human settlements. Often found in pairs or small groups, especially on fruiting trees

PICIDAE 32. Yellow-tufted Woodpecker - Melanerpes cruentatus - Carpintero de Penacho Amarillo Scandalous and colorful woodpecker of the lowland forests. Its contrasting black and yellow coloration is distinctive. Frequently perches on tall stumps in mature forest and secondary forest. Highly social, often seen in groups, especially near nesting colonies.

33. Spot-breasted Woodpecker - Colaptes punctigula - Carpintero de Pecho Punteado Medium-sized woodpecker mostly olive gold in color with contrasting black spots on body and wings. With a red nape, black forehead, white cheek, and plaid throat. Males also show a red mustache; otherwise both sexes similar. The most frequently heard call is a series of notes, "pi-pi-pi-pi-pi-pi-pi-pi."

FALCONIFORMES FALCONIDAE 34. Black Caracara - Daptrius ater - Caracara Negro It is totally black except for the shiny white rump and shiny facial skin and legs. Similar to Red-throated Caracara that occurs indoors in forests, but has more extensive black plumage and is found in more open habitats. It frequently walks in pairs or groups and is often found near humans in agricultural areas and riverside towns.

35. Yellow-headed Caracara - Milvago chimachima - Caracara Chimachima It is pale beige with dark brown wings; the juvenile is also beige but with dark stripes all over the body. Note the beige wing patches in flight. More like Laughing Falcon but only has a thin dark line behind the eye, not a full black mask. Their vocalizations are screeching.

PSITTACIFORMES PSITTACIDAE 36. Tui Parakeet - Brotogeris sanctithomae - Perico Tui Small short-tailed rainforest parakeet. Green with a yellow patch on the forehead, light eye and peach- colored bill. It also has blue feathers on its wings that are visible in flight, as do many green parakeets. It is almost always found in pairs or groups. It is quite noisy in flight, it makes harsh calls "kreet". He has a clear eye, a yellow forehead, and slightly rougher calls.

37. Canary-winged Parakeet - Brotogeris versicolurus - Perico de Ala Amarilla Small light green parakeet, with a striking white and yellow pattern on the wings, visible in flight. Long, pointed tail. Pink bill and legs. White eye ring. Native to South America. Listen for shrill, high-pitched calls.

38. Dusky-headed Parakeet - Aratinga weddellii - Cotorra de Cabeza Oscura Medium in size with a dull gray head. The bright blue wing feathers are difficult to see when perched, but are noticeable in flight. At close range, bare white skin around the eye is also diagnostic. Found on the edge of the forest and other open areas of the forest, often in pairs or groups. They are often found near towns and agricultural areas.

Dusky-headed Parakeet –photo by Estrella Velasquez

39. White-eyed Parakeet - Psittacara leucophthalmus - Cotorra de Ojo Blanco With a long graduated tail. Their body is mostly green with varying amounts of red spots on the head, neck, and shoulders. It has a bare white eyering and a pale bill. It is often found in large noisy groups in a variety of habitats, including forests, savannas, mangroves, and urban areas.

PASSERIFORMES FURNARIIDAE 40. Straight-billed Woodcreeper - Dendroplex picus -Trepador de Pico Recto It has a very straight bill that can even appear slightly curved upwards unlike most other nuthatches. Also note the pale color of the bill. Otherwise mostly dark brown with fine stripes on head and chest, but note non-striped back. Usually seen alone or in pairs working on tree trunks and branches, usually at low to medium levels in the forest. Sometimes it follows flocks of mixed species.

COTINGIDAE 41. Purple-throated Fruitcrow - Querula purpurata - Cuervo-Frutero de Garganta Púrpura Large, mostly black bird found in lowland forest canopy. The male has a burgundy throat that can puff out expressively, but is often difficult to see in low light. The dark color, thick silver bill and its body proportion help to identify it even from a distance. He also listens for the distinctive "prr-uup, prr-uup" whistles. Typically found in small vocal groups that parade through the canopy, sometimes following mixed-species flocks. Compare it to umbrellabirds, which are larger, crested, and much less vocal.

42. Masked Tityra - Tityra semifasciata - Titira Enmascarada Beautiful silver-gray bird of tropical and subtropical forests and semi-open areas next to tall trees. It is usually seen in the middle or at the top of the trees with fruits, sometimes in small groups. Easy to identify by the pink base of the bill and its pink mask around the eyes. Its distinctive call is like a wet squawk or fart.

43. Varzea Schiffornis - Schiffornis major - Shifornis de Várzea A fairly small, orange-brown bird of the upper understory. Its wings are dark brown, and it has a variable amount of gray on its head. Present in high forest in seasonally flooded and riparian areas, foraging alone or in pairs, it does not usually join mixed flocks. Similar to some atylas, but has a shorter tail and bill, the latter is also more robust.

44. White-winged Becard - Pachyramphus polychopterus – Cabezón de ala blanca The big heads are reminiscent of flycatchers; They are medium in size and have a fairly flat head. They vary geographically: males in the north and west are gray with a black cap and back; in the Amazon they are mostly black, and both forms have contrasting black and white markings on the wings. The female is not very descriptive with a somewhat smooth face and pale yellow underparts. She looks for its wingbars and beige tail tips.

45. Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher - Poecilotriccus latirostris - Espatulilla de Frente Rojiza Small, opaque flycatcher of dense thickets in humid lowlands. Large head with a short tail; mostly greyish brown with pale reddish near base of bill and yellow edges to wing feathers. Found in dense vegetation near forest edges, bamboo thickets, riverbank vegetation, and agricultural areas, where it can be locally quite common, but often difficult to see. It emits trilled babbling of musical notes, "ti-trrrrrr," and a solid note, "tuck."

46. Spotted Tody-Flycatcher - Todirostrum maculatum - Espatulilla Moteada Tiny and subtly colorful flycatcher of riparian forests and secondary forests. Large head with a flat, boat- shaped bill. Yellow with a gray head and fine black stripes all over. The song is a uniform series of high chips, usually in transition to double notes, "piit, piit, piit-it, piit-it, peet-it, ...".

TYRANNIDAE 47. Yellow-breasted Flycatcher - Tolmomyias flaviventris - Pico-Ancho de Pecho Amarillo Widely distributed, common, and quite distinctive flycatcher found from eastern Panama to southeastern Brazil. Mostly covered with bright lemon yellow, although it is more olive green on the upper parts. Note the bright yellow edges on the wing feathers and the rather thick bill. The spot between the eyes and the beak sometimes appears tinged orange. Taxonomically complex with significant variation in vocalizations throughout the range. Found singly or in pairs in a variety of woodlands, woodlands, and secondary forest. Listen for their sharp calls.

48. Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet - Tyrannulus elatus - Moscareta de Corona Amarilla Small-billed flycatcher commonly found in the canopy. Yellow belly with gray head and pale whitish eyebrow. White wing bars. The yellow crown that gives rise to the name is sometimes visible. Equal sexes. His vocalization is the most obvious identifying characteristic: he listens for a sad whistling chant, "di- DIR!" Seen singly or in pairs, usually in open wooded habitats such as edges or secondary forest.

49. Eastern Wood-Pewee - Contopus virens - Pibí Oriental 50. Grayish-brown flycatcher found in wooded areas and forest edges. It is usually seen on a high perch, watching for prey and going out to capture insects. After these short flights, he often (but not always) returns to the same perch. Plumage without distinctive features, has two whitish wing bars. The base of the bill is usually orange but difficult to see. Listen for their loud chant that sounds through the eastern woods: "PEE-a-weeeEEE." It is almost identical to Western Wood-Pewee, in the USA they are separated by their range. In other parts of its distribution note the subtle differences in the beak and wing bars.

51. Alder Flycatcher - Empidonax alnorum - Mosquerito de Alisos Small flycatcher, extremely similar to several other species. It prefers clearings and swampy areas, often with patches of alders. Grayish olive above and pale below with thin white eyering. Dark wings with contrasting white wingbars. Almost identical to Willow Flycatcher; once considered the same species. Also compare it to the Least Flycatcher, which is very similar, but has slightly shorter wingtips and a more pronounced eye ring. Best identified by their vocalizations: the song is a harsh, continuous "freeBEER"; the call is a clear "pip". Silent birds, especially during migration, are often best left unidentified.

52. Drab Water Tyrant - Ochthornis littoralis – Tirano de Agua Arenisco Small flycatcher of lowland rivers. Smooth tan plumage with a cream brow and dark tail. Found exclusively along river and lake edges, often in pairs. Flutter short distances on the banks of the river, hugging the shoreline. Similar to Little Ground-Tyrant, which has a lighter belly, white tail edges, and a more upright posture unlike Drab Water Tyrant.

53. Short-crested Flycatcher - Myiarchus ferox - Copetón de Cresta Corta Fairly large flycatcher, mostly grayish-brown above with pale throat and pale yellow belly. The different subspecies vary in the tone of the upper parts, which can be warm or cool tones, but all have dark beaks. It is found in savannas, semi-open forests, and on forest edges. It is best distinguished from similar flycatchers by its call: a short whistle of "police" "prrrih".

54. Lesser Kiskadee - Pitangus lictor - Bienteveo Menor This flycatcher is brown above and bright yellow below with a black and white pattern on the head; very similar in plumage to a host of other species including Great Kiskadee and Rusty-margined Flycatcher. However, note Lesser Kiskadee's smaller size, slender shape, and longer, thinner bill. Similar sexes. It is found singly or in pairs, almost exclusively around slow-moving bodies of water in the lowlands of northern South America. Easy to find; it tends to perch conspicuously often near the surface of the water. It also listens for its calls, a long scratchy buzz, which helps distinguish it from similar species.

55. Great Kiskadee - Pitangus sulphuratus - Bienteveo Grande Large, strongly marked and boisterous. Rather chubby with a large head and a short tail. Found in shrubby areas, often near open areas or bodies of water. Prefers conspicuous perches. Radiant with yellow belly, brown wings and tail with reddish edges. Hear the loud calls "kis-ki-di." It feeds on a variety of animals and plants, including fish, insects, lizards, and fruits.

56. Social Flycatcher - Myiozetetes similis - Mosquero Social It looks like a small version of the Boat-billed Flycatcher, but with a smaller bill. It is common in tropical and subtropical areas, especially in semi-open areas with trees and living hedges, on the edge of forests, towns, and gardens. He is usually noisy (some of his calls are like a parakeet) and social. Usually seen in pairs or small groups, or visibly perched. It eats a lot of berries and is often seen alongside Boat-billed Flycatcher and Great Kiskadee on fig and other fruit trees.

57. Dusky-chested Flycatcher - Myiozetetes luteiventris - Mosquero de Pecho Oscuro Quite simple, generally uncommon, flycatcher from lowland forest canopy. Pale eyes are usually difficult to see; the best field markings are its gray and yellow spotted chest, gray head and thick bill. Occurs in pairs or small groups that sometimes follow mixed-species flocks, eat insects and fruit. It resembles the Sulfury Flycatcher but is smaller and has a shorter bill. Highly vocal and is usually first detected by its high-pitched meows.

58. Tropical Kingbird - Tyrannus melancholicus - Tirano Tropical Large yellow-bellied flycatcher with a gray head, greenish back, and brown wings and tail. Relatively long bill. Almost identical to Couch's Kingbird and very similar to other yellow-bellied kingbirds. Distinguished from Couch's Kingbird for its vocalizations: high-pitched chirps, not just called "pick" or "brir." Larger and longer-beaked than Western and Cassin's Kingbirds. Also notice the paler brown tail. It prefers open areas with some trees and water, but also parks and neighborhoods in cities.

VIREONIDAE 59. Red-eyed Vireo - Vireo chivi - Víreo de Ojo Rojo Uniformly olive green above, whitish below and without wing bars. With a variable amount of yellow on the underparts, sometimes bright lemon-yellow on the lower coverts of the tail and flanks. Dark line across and above the eye. Bill thicker than warblers, body the same size. Widely distributed throughout South America, mainly in the lowlands, but also in the foothills. Very similar to Red-eyed Vireo, best distinguished by its vocalization.

TROGLODYTIDAE 60. House Wren - Troglodytes aedon - Cucarachero Común At home in the suburbs, parks, farms, and other open areas with dense brush. In breeding season, it is often singing its effervescent song from the top of a bush or fence post. The plumage does not show much contrast: mainly brown, slightly paler underneath, with some dark bars on the wings and tail. He has no white eyebrow. In winter they are more secretive, preferring to be in vines and bushes. It occurs from southern Canada to the southernmost part of South America.

61. Buff-breasted Wren - Cantorchilus leucotis - Cucarachero de Pecho Anteado It has warm, medium brown upperparts, with dark bars on the wings and tail. The pale whitish cheeks and throat fade into a beige belly. Also notice the obvious white eyebrow. Pairs are found in the lower levels of lowland forest, secondary forest, and riparian areas. Easier to detect by the song like an underworld, emitted in duet. Usually, it combines high notes with shorter, faster and lower phrases.

TURDIDAE 62. Varzea Thrush - Turdus sanchezorum - Zorzal de Várzea Large, gray-brown thrush. Note the white throat with brown stripes and the yellow bill. It inhabits seasonally flooded forests, and locally also in savanna and white sand forests, where it forages mainly at the lower levels. The song is slow, with whistling notes, it also emits calls like meows and quick notes "cuk". Similar Hauxwell's Thrush (Turdus hauxwelli) and Black-billed Thrush (Turdus ignobilis) have black beaks.

63. Black-billed Thrush - Turdus ignobilis - Zorzal de Pico Negro A few colored thrush, common in open habitats and groves in the lowlands, but also roams the Andean foothills. Mostly greyish-brown with a whitish belly. Note the indistinct stripes on the throat; some populations also show a white patch on the chest. Similar sexes. Usually seen alone or in pairs. Conspicuous. The song is a series of musical phrases, typical of a thrush.

FRINGILLIDAE 64. Purple-throated Euphonia - Euphonia chlorotica - Eufonia de Garganta Púrpura Tiny bird with sturdy bill and short tail. Males have a glossy bluish-black head, back and throat, bright yellow forehead and belly, and white tail. Females are olive-green above with a yellowish or white belly, which is flanked with yellow depending on its range of distribution. Commonly found in a wide variety of habitats, from rainforests to mangroves and from agricultural areas to gardens. Often part of mixed flocks. His most heard vocalization is his call, which seems to say: "tiii-diii".

65. Golden-bellied Euphonia - Euphonia chrysopasta - Eufonia de Vientre Dorado Yellow Euphonia from the lowland rainforest. Males are golden-yellow with a light gray nape and prominent white lores; the females are similar but with gray underparts. Compared to females of other euphonia, look for the pale patch near the bill and yellow lower tail coverts; it never shows a pale orange as in other species. It prefers open wooded habitats, such as young forests and forest glades, but is sometimes found within mature forests as well. It makes a variety of calls, including a short series of whistles and chips, and a soft "dwick" call

PASSERELLIDAE 66. Yellow-browed Sparrow - Ammodramus aurifrons - Gorrión de Ceja Amarilla Yellow Euphonia from the lowland rainforest. Males are golden-yellow with a light gray nape and prominent white lores; the females are similar but with gray underparts. Compared to females of other euphonia, look for the pale patch near the bill and yellow lower tail coverts; it never shows a pale orange as in other species. It prefers open wooded habitats, such as young forests and forest glades, but is sometimes found within mature forests as well. It makes a variety of calls, including a short series of whistles and chips, and a soft "dwick" call

ICTERIDAE: 67. Russet-backed Oropendola - Psarocolius angustifrons - Oropéndola de Dorso Bermejo Oropendola of medium size. Fairly common in lowlands but appears to be rare in montane forest. It can occur up to 2,500 m in the Andes, where it is usually the only oriole and is unlikely to be confused. Generally olive with warmer reddish tones on the back and rump. The color of the bill is variable: dark blackish in the Amazonian lowlands and generally yellowish in the Andes. Note the outer yellow tail feathers like other orioles. Typically in flocks foraging in the canopy, sometimes in mixed flocks with other orioles or caciques. Listen for a crackling sound followed by one that sounds like a drop of water.

68. Yellow-rumped Cacique - Cacicus cela - Cacique de Lomo Amarillo A common bird related to the purse tree found in the lowland forest canopy and edges from Panama to Brazil. Mostly black with bright yellow rump, underside of tail and wing patches. Similar sexes. The pale bill is long and pointed; the eye is pale blue.

Unmistakable in rank: the only lowland chieftain with extensive yellow plumage. Like many of his relatives, he makes a wide variety of calls. They nest colonially, building hanging pouch-shaped nests. THRAUPIDAE: 69. Red-capped Cardinal - Paroaria gularis - Cardenal de Gorro Rojo Small, contrastingly colored tanager found in vegetation around lakes and rivers. They are instantly recognized by the bright red head and black and white plumage. Very social and often found in pairs or groups, foraging low in shore vegetation. It often perches on branches that come out of the water.

70. Silver-beaked Tanager - Ramphocelus carbo - Tangara de Pico Plateado A common tanager from the understory of suburban areas and forest edges. The bright silver bill stands out on red and black males, but the uniformly maroon gray and immature female bill is less obvious. Often gives a strong, metallic "pink" call. Active in bushes and other dense vegetation close to the ground, it often appears briefly before nervously falling back into the understory.

71. Blue-gray Tanager -Thraupis episcopus -Tangara Azuleja Light blue-gray bird, common and widely distributed in open fields with large trees and living hedges, also in towns, villages, and gardens in tropical and subtropical regions. It usually feeds on fruits in the upper and middle part of the trees. It perches on telephone cables. Simple but distinctive looking, with dark eyes and a robust bill. The population east of the Andes in South America have wide white bars on the wings, and they look very different.

72. Palm Tanager - Thraupis palmarum - Tangara de Palmeras Large, uniform tanager. Mostly gray but in good light the olive green hues are observed; note contrasting black wings with a paler patch at the base of the primaries. A habitat generalist, it is found in a variety of open areas with shrubs, gardens, or forest edges. Usually in pairs or small flocks, sometimes mixed with other species. Often quite loud and conspicuous, it emits a series of squeaks or a single nasal call "swii?"

73. Grayish Saltator - Saltator coerulescens - Saltador Grisáceo Common but shy bird of both humid and dry tropical lowlands. It prefers the edge of the forest, thickets of secondary vegetation and shrubs, especially with Ipomea flowers and others in the shape of a trumpet, on which it feeds with pleasure. It is distinguished from other Saltadores in Mexico and Central America by grayish (not green-gold) upperparts, marked white eyebrows, and smooth chest. Young birds look slightly different, with a yellowish wash on the face and upper parts.

THANKS TO THE PROUD SUPPORTER AND SPONSORS FOR THE BIRDERS WOMEN PROGRAM - 2020

• Thanks to Shamus Terry and Vortex Optics for sponsoring a birding team for the purpose of education and training, to help the leaders in bird and birding in Peru. • Thanks a lot to our Jacamar Club team and Julio Pacaya for sharing their experience in Amazon bird watching. • Thanks to the San Pablo de Cuyana Community for a fresh welcome. • Thanks to the volunteers Iquitos, Loreto and Cusco, for this program and for the enthusiasm, interest, discipline and companionship in the world of birds.

✓ Est. Biología Estrella Velásquez ✓ Est. Forestal Karen Ríos ✓ Est. Turismo Nelly Pideno ✓ Bach. Biología Irene Rengifo ✓ Est. Biología Lilian Malafaya

FIELD GEAR USED - Binocular Leica 8x42MM - Binocular Diamondback HD 10x42 - Binocular Tasco 7x35 mm - Binocular YMTR HY8869 50X50 - Camara Cannon Mark II EOS7D - Camara Nikon D3400 - Camara Cannon SX530

YOU CAN FIND MORE ABOUT JACAMAR CLUB AT

1. The fun Page https://www.facebook.com/JacamarClub/ 2. The website https://www.jacamargroup.com/ 3. Ebird Bio @jacamarclub 4. Instagram Bio @Jacamarclub 5. YouTube Bio https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCszUDj9LXeBb6MGqSnoGD6w 6. If you need contacts us please call us WhatsApp PERU Ana Amable +5174296204 , EEUU Richard Amable +1 (513) 575-6064

REFERENCES AND LITERATURES

• SCHULEMBERG, T. S.; D .F.STOTZ; D. F. LANE; J. P. O’NEILL & T. A., PARKER III. 2007. Birds of Peru. Princeton Field Guides. Princeton University Press. 304 pp.

• PLENGE, M. A. Versión [junio/2020] List of the birds of Peru / Lista de las aves del Perú. Unión de Ornitólogos del Perú.

• HONORARIO, E. N; VEGA, V. A; CORRALES, M. N. VOL.24 (1). 2015. Diversidad, estructura y carbono de los Bosques aluviales del Noroeste Peruano. Instituto de Investigación de la Amazonia Peruana.

• IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (https://www.iucnredlist.org/).

• SAAC (The South American Classification Committee).Classification of the Bird Species of South America

PICTURES OF THE DAY

Loreto women birders team and Julio Pacaya at the end of the successful day –photo by Estrella Velasquez

Birding and registering the birds found - photo by Julio Pacaya

Looking for the movement of birds at the edge of the community's forests - photo by Julio Pacaya

Return of some women birders - photo by Julio Pacaya THE END