Maria Inês De Castro Martins Secca Ruivo Design Para O Futuro. O

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Maria Inês De Castro Martins Secca Ruivo Design Para O Futuro. O Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Comunicação e Arte 2008 Maria Inês de Castro Design para o futuro. O indivíduo entre o artifício e a Martins Secca Ruivo natureza Design Biónico, Design Natural, Biodesign e Design Simbiótico Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Comunicação e Arte 2008 Maria Inês de Castro Design para o futuro. O indivíduo entre o artifício e a Martins Secca Ruivo natureza Design Biónico, Design Natural, Biodesign e Design Simbiótico Tese apresentada à Universidade de Aveiro para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Design, realizada sob a orientação científica da Prof. Doutora Maria de Fátima Teixeira Pombo, Professora Associada do Departamento de Comunicação e Arte da Universidade de Aveiro e sob a co-orientação científica do Prof. Doutor Fernando de Carvalho Rodrigues, Professor Catedrático do Instituto de Artes Visuais, Design e Marketing (IADE). Investigação financiada pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, no âmbito do III Quadro Comunitário de Apoio, comparticipado pelo Fundo Social Europeu e por fundos nacionais do MCTES Para os meus pais e irmão que, com tanto amor e segurança, me incentivaram sempre em todos os passos da vida. o júri presidente Prof. Dr. Joaquim Arnaldo Carvalho Martins professor catedrático da Universidade de Aveiro Prof. Dr. Miguel Carlos Gomes Arruda professor catedrático aposentado da Faculdade de Belas Artes da Universidade de Lisboa Prof. Dr. Fernando António de Oliveira Carvalho Rodrigues (co-orientador) professor catedrático do Instituto de Artes Visuais, Design e Marketing Prof. Dra. Maria de Fátima Teixeira Pombo (orientadora) professora associada da Universidade de Aveiro Prof. Dr. Raul José Ribeiro de Matos Cunca professor auxiliar da Faculdade de Belas Artes da Universidade de Lisboa Prof. Dr. José Manuel da Silva Bártolo professor adjunto da Escola Superior de Artes e Design de Matosinhos agradecimentos Quando se pensa nas pessoas que de alguma forma nos acompanham em processos como os que envolveram esta investigação, o elenco de nomes surge num misto de apoios profissionais e afectivos. À minha orientadora, Professora Fátima Pombo, fica um primeiro agradecimento pela disponibilidade incondicional revelada ao longo da orientação, pela ajuda na discussão de ideias e pela forma como me apoiou logo no início da minha candidatura a doutoramento. Para o meu co-orientador, Professor Carvalho Rodrigues, o meu sincero agradecimento pela prontidão e entusiasmo com que acedeu a acompanhar este trabalho e pela forma como contribuiu para a sua elaboração. Ao Professor Paulo Parra agradeço com reconhecimento e apreço a entrevista tão completa que me concedeu, assim como, a disponibilização da sua tese de doutoramento, das imagens dos seus projectos e das de alguns objectos da sua colecção pessoal. Ao Professor Rogério Ribeiro pela aprendizagem com as conversas partilhadas e pelo contributo que deu à minha candidatura a bolsa da FCT. Para si, a minha sempre reconhecida e saudosa homenagem. Ao meu pai, Manuel Secca Ruivo e, à minha mãe, Suzana Secca Ruivo, pela força e confiança que sempre depositaram nas minhas escolhas, pela ajuda preciosa na auscultação e discussão de conceitos intrínsecos à investigação, e pelo trabalho de revisão ortográfica da própria tese. Ao resto da família e aos amigos, pela forma interessada com que sempre quiseram saber dos desenvolvimentos deste trabalho: às minhas doces avós, Emília e Hermínia, aos meus tios, tias e primos e ao meu querido e sempre cúmplice irmão Daniel e sua mulher Lúcia; aos amigos Nuno, Célia e Isabel por serem como família com quem cresci. À Carlinha, Margarida e Ana Margarida pela cumplicidade nos momentos mais opostos. À família Xavier pelo carinho sempre presente e por se ter reencontrado connosco, nomeadamente ao Carlos pela leitura e colaboração no processo de revisão da tese. A nível profissional tenho incontornavelmente de agradecer às equipas que me ajudaram a crescer no terreno industrial e, especialmente, à confiança em mim depositada pelos Eng. Eduardo Van Zeller – líder de visão incomummente sensível a processos de inovação –, Eng. Francisco Nobre Guedes e Eng. António Galhardo; o conhecimento daí advido foi fundamental para este trabalho. A todos, um muito obrigada palavras-chave Design Industrial. Design Biónico. Design Natural. Biodesign. Design Simbiótico. Artifício. Natureza. Inovação Tecnológica na Concepção. EcoBio- Inovação resumo O presente trabalho tem como objectivo contribuir para o aprofundamento de estudos vocacionados para a evolução do mundo material enquanto factor determinante para o futuro do Planeta, do Homem e dos seus artifícios. Sendo o tema central da investigação o Design Industrial enquanto mediador incontornável dessa relação, os conceitos de Design Biónico, de Design Natural, de Biodesign e de Design Simbiótico, assim como as metodologias a si inerentes, assumem-se como protagonistas do estudo desenvolvido. A tese é composta por um primeiro capítulo introdutório onde se define o seu objecto de estudo e se apresentam as linhas condutoras da investigação. O segundo capítulo é dedicado ao enquadramento teórico dos temas a abordar, nomeadamente o conceito de “artifício” considerando os seus tradicionais e novos significados e aplicações e a História do Design Industrial numa perspectiva que considera a evolução da indústria e da disciplina nesse contexto. No terceiro capítulo desenvolve-se a análise das propostas conceptuais e metodológicas dos designers Victor Papanek, Luigi Colani e Paulo Parra, por recurso específico, respectivamente, aos pressupostos inscritos em Design Biónico, Design Natural, Biodesign e Design Simbiótico, perseguindo-se como objectivo a sua sistematização em conteúdos passíveis de contribuírem para novas investigações/aplicações, nomeadamente no âmbito daquilo que a autora designa como Inovação Tecnológica na Concepção e EcoBio-Inovação. keywords Industrial Design. Bionic Design. Ecological Design. Biodesign. Symbiotic Design. Artifice. Nature. Technological Innovation in Conception. EcoBio- Innovation abstract Present thesis aims to contribute to deepen studies concerning material world evolution - this one faced as a fundamental issue for the future of our Planet, Human kind and Human Kind’s creation itself (artefacts). Since Industrial Design, as intermediary in that relationship, is the chief theme of this research, the concepts of Bionic Design, Ecologic Design and Symbiotic Design, as well as their inherent methodologies, play a major role throughout the development of this study. The thesis is composed of a first introductory chapter where the subject area is defined and the guidelines for of the present work are presented; a second chapter where a theoretical frame for the issues to be studied along the work is presented and comprehended, namely the concept of “artifice”, considering, on the one hand, its traditional and new meanings/applications and, on the other hand, Industrial Design history from a point of view where both Industry evolution and Design evolution are considered within that framework; and a the third chapter along which Victor Papanek’s, Luigi Colani’s and Paulo Parra’s conceptual and methodological proposals are analysed, via the specific use of premises from, respectively, Bionic Design, Ecologic Design and Symbiotic Design, under the purpose of building their systematization up into contents arranged to help new researches/applications, specifically in the ground of what the author of this work names Technological Innovation in Conception and EcoBio-Innovation. ÍNDICE 1. INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................................................ 21 1.1. DEFINIÇÃO DO TEMA ................................................................................................................... 21 1.2. DELIMITAÇÃO DO OBJECTO DE ESTUDO........................................................................................... 25 1.3. FUNDAMENTAÇÃO DA ESCOLHA.................................................................................................... 26 1.4. OBJECTIVOS DO TRABALHO........................................................................................................... 27 1.5. METODOLOGIA ........................................................................................................................... 28 1.6. INVESTIGAÇÃO POSTERIOR............................................................................................................ 28 2. PRIMEIRA PARTE: ENQUADRAMENTO TEÓRICO ...................................................................... 32 2.1. O CONCEITO DE ARTIFÍCIO ........................................................................................................... 32 2.1.1. SIGNIFICADOS E APLICAÇÕES TRADICIONAIS ....................................................................................32 2.1.2. DELIMITAÇÃO E INTERPRETAÇÃO DE NOVOS SIGNIFICADOS E APLICAÇÕES ........................................35 2.1.2.1. A concepção de “artifício” face à proliferação dos processos de produção industrial e das políticas de promoção dos produtos ..............................................................35 2.1.2.2. A concepção de “artifício” face ao desenvolvimento tecnológico e dos materiais: noção de tempo de vida dos produtos e de “pele dos objectos” ...................39 2.1.2.3. A concepção de “artifício” face ao surgimento das engenharias biotecnológicas................................................................................................................................41
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