Final ENTITLE Syllabus

Contract number: PITN---GA---2011---289374

Title: ENTITLE --- European Network of Political Ecology

Report number: D.1.1

Partner responsible Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona

Deliverable author Christos Zografos

Deliverable editor Giorgos Kallis

Delivery date January 2016

Dissemination level PUBLIC

Abstract This report outlines the syllabus for a political ecology 12-week, post-graduate course based on the courses offered during the ENTITLE training project. The syllabus is designed both to adapt to the needs of a taught course and for self-study. It also includes an Annex with an expanded reading list in political ecology, put together by Prof Julian Bloomer with contributions from members of the PESO email list.

This project benefited from EC funding under the Marie Curie Actions - Initial Training Networks - FP7 - PEOPLE - 2011; contract Nº 289374 - ENTITLE

Table of Contents

1. Introduction ...... 1 2. Teaching instructions ...... 2 3. Outline of classes ...... 3 Annex I: Expanded political ecology reading list ...... 9

The views expressed in this document are of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission.

1. Introduction

This syllabus is the product of ENTITLE training events, specifically summer schools and special intensive courses (SIC) conducted within the ENTITLE FP7 Initial Training Network project, which trained 12 PhD and seven post-doctoral researchers in the field of political ecology. Between 2012-2016, ENTITLE offered six SIC (in Manchester, Barcelona, Rome, and Berlin) and three summer schools (in Syros, Lund, and Istanbul), with a duration that varied between four and six days per event. Lectures and public events during those courses were recorded, and together with other audio-visual material generated by the project are made freely available both in the project’s website (http://www.politicalecology.eu under the “Media” tab) and at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_ROQZLIwFUl8i3BmUvQZ3g/featured.

For the purposes of this document, we have selected only some of the topics that were taught during those courses because the objective of the syllabus is to provide a relatively concise, 12-class course on political ecology. This document is not meant to provide an exhaustive list of all topics covered by political ecology (for this, one can check relevant textbooks or collections, such as Robbins (2012), Perault et al. (2015), and Peet et al. (2010) that are listed among the syllabus references), but a series of classes on major topics that were covered with ENTITLE training and resources for completing those classes. This syllabus has been widely distributed through project partners, will be further distributed through an ENTITLE project stand in the upcoming ‘Undisciplined Environments’ ENTITLE international conference in Stockholm (20-24 March 2016), and is made available through the project’s website.

At the end of the document, we have also added an Annex with an expanded reading list in political ecology, put together by Prof Julian Bloomer (Trinity College Dublin) through the PESO email list in political ecology with the assistance of that list’s coordinator Prof Josiah Heyman (University of Texas at El Paso) and the contribution of that list’s members who provided the information on the readings; a significant part of the expanded reading list comes from from Prof Simon Batterbury’s 2016 postgraduate course ‘Political Ecology of Development’ at the University of Melbourne. We greatly thank Professors Bloomer, Heyman and Batterbury for providing and accepting to include that list in this syllabus.

The views expressed in this document are of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. 1

2. Teaching instructions

Objectives This syllabus introduces students to the multi-disciplinary field of political ecology, which considers the relevance of power and politics for shaping the relationship between humans and their environments. After taking this course, students should be able to identify and explain ways in which power and politics influence the human- environment relationship, analyse themselves socio-environmental issues under the lenses of political ecology, and conduct empirical research that leads to such an analysis.

Structure and content The course is broken down into three parts. The first part introduces students to the field and key concepts of political ecology, and sets out an analytical framework for conceptualising three main elements that are central to a political ecology understanding of human-environmental relations: society, nature and capitalism. The second part examines applications and variations of this framework upon different expressions of human-environment interactions. It considers the environmental implications of major economic activities (extractive industry, waste generation, etc.), the conflicts related to them and the ways in which power relations shape those conflicts and influence the capacity to both engage in conflict and create viable alternatives. The third part provides some tools for conducting and communicating political ecology research, and a final class that reflects on the role of political ecologists when engaging with policy and politics.

Using the syllabus This syllabus can be used for either teaching a course in a conventional way, e.g. in a class, or for self-study. Its 12 classes could be taken either in the course of 12-weeks (typically an academic semester in many university curricula) or in more concentrated forms (such as in the course of four weeks with e.g. three classes per week). Taught courses could use the syllabus conventionally, by asking students to read the readings before class, then discuss the readings in class and use the videos (in the classroom) to highlight important points related to each class, in a process facilitated by an instructor.

Self-study could follow the same process, i.e. first read the references for each class and then watch the videos to clarify key points, or invert this process, i.e. start with videos and explore more into depth the topic with text, depending on the inclination of students to better absorb audio-visual or written text – this is something that self-taught students could also experiment with at the beginning of the course, and may want to vary depending on the “communicability” of each lecture (video). For self-taught purposes, we would highly recommend that students try to form groups of collective self-study if possible. This could be operationalized by getting each student to read class readings first, then the group getting together to watch the video of the ENTITLE lecture and then hold a group discussion trying to clarify points to each other and reflect on what has been learned. If further questions arise that cannot be answered by the group after the end of each class, the group could try contacting (e.g. by email) academics relevant to their questions (e.g. identify them through the class readings) to ask for further references (textual or audio-visual) that could clarify points.

The views expressed in this document are of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. 2

3. Outline of classes PART I: INTRODUCTION

Class 1: What is political ecology? ENTITLE tutors: • Paul Robbins (Nelson Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA) • Giorgos Kallis (Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain)

Readings: • Robbins, P. (2012). Political versus apolitical ecologies. Political ecology: A critical introduction (2nd edition), John Wiley & Sons, 11-24. • Peet, R., Robbins, P., & Watts, M. (2010). Global nature. Global political ecology, Routledge, 1-47.

ENTITLE audio-visual class support material for the class: • ENTITLE scholars: What is political ecology? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLVE69QZt5w • Maria Kaika: Political ecology. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5PRfxNUBao • Paul Robbins: The ecology in political ecology. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1QkulKOZ4c • Thomas Perreault: Corrientes, colonialismos y contradicciones: Repensando los raices y trayectorias de la ecología política [Currents, colonialisms and contradictions: Rethinking the roots and trajectories of political ecology]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3mfsC-wfAEY

Class 2: Theorising nature-society-capitalism ENTITLE tutors: • Noel Castree (School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, UK) • Jason Moore (Sociology Department, Binghamton University SUNY, USA)

Readings: • Castree, N. (1995). The nature of produced nature: materiality and knowledge construction in Marxism. Antipode 27, 12-48 • Moore, J. W. (2010). ‘Amsterdam is Standing on Norway’ Part II: The Global North Atlantic in the Ecological Revolution of the Long Seventeenth Century, Journal of Agrarian Change 10(2), 188– 227

ENTITLE audio-visual support material for the class: • Noel Castree: Theorising nature-society-capitalism. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30eEEEP_3OM and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvIYPkL-klE • Jason Moore: The Capitalocene today and in the past. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MbOtBHOpr8

The views expressed in this document are of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. 3

PART II: THEMES IN POLITICAL ECOLOGY

Class 3: The political ecology of energy and extraction ENTITLE tutors: • Gavin Bridge (Department of Geography, Durham University, UK) • Stephan Bouzarovski (School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, UK)

Readings: • Bridge, G., & Le Billon, P. (2013). Oil. Cambridge: Polity. • Bouzarovski, S. (2009). East-Central Europe's changing energy landscapes: a place for geography. Area 41, 452-46

ENTITLE audio-visual support material for the class: • Gavin Bridge: The political ecology of extractive resources. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5OzWlPauu0 and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=falGbCWbZU8 • Stephan Bouzarovski: Urban energy transitions and vulnerability. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmsdSYdiUQc and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKGqcjPgrYo

Class 4: Commodification and waste ENTITLE tutors: • Amita Baviskar (Institute of Economic Growth, India) • Marco Armiero (Environmental Humanities Lab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden)

Readings: • Baviskar, A. (2011). What the eye does not see: the Yamuna in the imagination of Delhi. Economic and Political Weekly, 46(50), 45-53 • Armiero, M., & D'Alisa, G. (2012). Rights of resistance: the garbage struggles for environmental justice in Campania, Italy. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 23(4), 52-68

ENTITLE audio-visual support material for the class: • Amita Baviskar: Commodity Fictions. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FA4lDssj_7s • Giacomo D’Alisa: Waste conflicts. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0gcKZufT1I

The views expressed in this document are of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. 4

Class 5: Environmental conflicts ENTITLE tutors: • Phil Woodhouse (Institute for Development Policy & Management, University of Manchester, UK) • Giorgos Kallis (Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain)

Readings: • Woodhouse, P. (2012). New investment, old challenges. Land deals and the water constraint in African agriculture. Journal of Peasant Studies, 39(3-4), 777-794 • Martinez-Alier, J., Kallis, G., Veuthey, S., Walter, M., & Temper, L. (2010). Social metabolism, ecological distribution conflicts, and valuation languages. Ecological Economics, 70(2), 153-158

ENTITLE audio-visual support material for the class: • Phil Woodhouse: Environmental conflict and land. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zBhO9fDOlg and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jw18Em3QOEE • Giorgos Kallis: Droughts, flood, and conflict. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ur6HHC1jceM • Beatriz Rodriguez, Joan Martinez Alier and Alf Hornborg: Ecologically unequal exchange and the ecological debt. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdPVw2GE7cg

Class 6: Environmental politics I: social movements and protest ENTITLE tutors: • Magnus Wennerhag (Department of Sociology and Work Science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden) • Alex Loftus (Department of Geography King's College London, UK)

Readings: • Loftus, A. (2009). Intervening in the environment of the everyday. Geoforum 40, 326- 334 • Martínez-Alier, J. (2003). The environmentalism of the poor: a study of ecological conflicts and valuation. Edward Elgar Publishing.

ENTITLE audio-visual support material for the class: • Alex Loftus: Everyday environmentalism. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXVwsBjsO0s and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU62ni0FgNc

Class 7: Environmental politics II: activism ENTITLE tutors: • Marco Armiero (Environmental Humanities Lab, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden) • Nükhet Sirman (Sociology Department, Boğaziçi University, Turkey)

The views expressed in this document are of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. 5

Readings: • Armiero, M. (2008). Seeing like a protester: nature, power, and environmental struggles. Left History, 13(1) • Featherstone, D., & Korf, B. (2012). Introduction: Space, contestation and the political. Geoforum, 43(4), 663-668

ENTITLE audio-visual support material for the class: • Marco Armiero: Seeing like a protester. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCRaBqtAwsw • Nükhet Sirman: Feminist Perspectives and Transformative Politics in Turkey. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgnO_zRoCgM • Panel with Claudio Cattaneo and Giacomo D’Alisa. Activist research on political ecology. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJDUV5_Mj0k

Class 8: Urban political ecology ENTITLE tutors: • Maria Kaika (School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, UK) • Erik Swygendouw (School of Environment, Education and Development, University of Manchester, UK)

Readings: • Heyen, N., Kaika, M., & Swyngedouw, E. (2006). Urban political ecology: Politicizing the production of urban natures. In the nature of cities, Taylor & Francis, 1-20 • Kaika, M. (2005). City of flows. Modernity, nature and the city. Routledge, New York/London • Swyngedouw, E. (1996). The city as a hybrid: on nature, society and cyborg urbanization. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 7(2), 65-80

ENTITLE audio-visual support material for the class: • Maria Kaika: Urban political ecology and radical alternatives. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhxtIM5GPvk and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lx0DUcO1_5I • Erik Swygendouw: Political ecology and the contested politics of urban metabolism. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5cLdosjnJY and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7e-vY9ySVeM

Class 9: Commons ENTITLE tutors: • Stefania Barca (Centro de Estudos Sociais, University of Coimbra, Portugal) • Massimo De Angelis (School of Social Sciences, University of East London, UK) • Stavros Stavrides (School of Architecture, National Technical University of Athens, Greece)

The views expressed in this document are of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. 6

Readings: • Barca, S. (2007). Enclosing the River: Industrialisation and the ‘Property Rights’ Discourse in the Liri Valley (South of Italy), 1806-1916. Environment and History, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 3-23 • De Angelis, M. (2012). Crises, movements and commons. Borderlands E-Journal: New Spaces In The Humanities, 11(2), 4 • Stavrides, S. (2015). Common Space as Threshold Space: Urban Commoning in Struggles to Re-appropriate Public Space. Footprint – Commoning as Differentiated Publicness, Spring 2015, pp. 9-20

ENTITLE audio-visual support material for the class: • Stefania Barca: Theories of the Commons. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtMiOK5Vfic • Massimo De Angelis: Commons and social movements. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6_gTm5zUJo • Stavros Stavrides. Communities of Crisis, Squares in Movement. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1dDpylQvG4

PART III: TOOLS FOR POLITICAL ECOLOGY RESEARCH

Class 10: Methods and methodologies ENTITLE tutors: • Giorgos Kallis (Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain) • Isabelle Anguelovski (Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain) • Rebecca Lave (Department of Geography, Indiana University Bloomington, USA)

Readings: • Kallis, G., Armiero, M., Bridge, G. (2012). Research Design Protocol. ENTITLE deliverable report D.2.1. Available at: http://www.politicalecology.eu/documents/courses/91-d-2-1-research-design- protocol/file • Gillham, B. (2000). The Research Interview. London: Continuum • Lave, R., Wilson, M.W., Barron, E.S., Biermann, C., Carey, M.A., Duvall, C.S., Johnson, L., Lane, K.M., McClintock, N., Munroe, D. and Pain, R. (2014). Intervention: Critical physical geography. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien, 58(1), 1-10

ENTITLE audio-visual support material for the class: • Giorgos Kallis: Methodological design for political ecology research. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIukM2VejHQ • Isabelle Anguelovski: Interviewing. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJJYMLgTOvw • Ayfer Bartu: Social Anthropology. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRjE12p6SV8

The views expressed in this document are of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. 7

Class 11: Communicating political ecology ENTITLE tutors: • Giorgos Kallis (Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain) • Michele Catanzaro (Independent Journalist and Science Writer) • Leah Temper (USC-Canada, Seeds of Survival Program, Canada)

Readings: • Curran Bernard, S. (2007). Story Basics. Documentary storytelling–Making stronger and more dramatic nonfiction films (2nd Edition), Elsevier, 15-32

ENTITLE audio-visual support material for the class: • Giorgos Kallis: Communicating research to a scientific audience. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tbzapVRaN0w and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_IfvUqrcm6Q • Michelle Catanzaro: Science communication in popular media. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJ7tVYdTaSs and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFfBc9HG9-U • Crafting the political ecology documentary, Leah Temper (SIC3 Barcelona). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8vcwE4wpRA and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pm5xwETGwCs

Class 12: What is the role of political ecologists? ENTITLE tutors: • Paul Robbins (Nelson Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA) • Stephanie Danielle Roth (Stop TTIP, European Citizens’ Initiative)

Readings: • Robbins, P. (2015). The Trickster Science. In: Perreault, T., Bridge, G., & McCarthy, J. (Eds.). The Routledge handbook of political ecology. Routledge, 89-101

ENTITLE audio-visual support material for the class: • Paul Robbins: How can Political Ecology change policy? The role and limitations of the social scientist. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6T-2nze7ig

The views expressed in this document are of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. 8

Annex I: Expanded political ecology reading list 1. Adams, P., 1991, Odious debts: loose lending, corruption, and the third world's environmental legacy., London, Earthscan. 2. Adams, W.M. 2008. Green Development: environment and sustainability, Routledge, London (3rd edition) (library) 3. Adams, W.M. and Mulligan, M. (2003) (eds.) Decolonising Nature: strategies for conservation in a postcolonial era, Earthscan, London. (chapters go from Australia to Africa) 4. Adams, W.M., Watson, E.E. and Mutiso, S.K. 1997. Water, Rules and Gender: Water Rights in an Indigenous 5. Adams, WM 1996. Conservation and Development. In Adams WM, Goudie, AS and Orme AR The Physical Geography of Africa pp367-382 6. Adams, WM. 2001. Adams, W.M. (2008) Green Development: environment and sustainability in a developing world, Routledge, London 7. Adams, WM. 2004. Against Extinction. Earthscan. (best history of conservation movement) 8. Adger, N. 2000. Institutional adaptation to environmental risk under the transition Vietnam. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 90, 738-758. 9. Adger, Neil, Tor A. Benjaminsen, Katrina Brown, et al 2001 Advancing a Political Ecology of Global Environmental Discourses. Development and Change 32 4 draft - http://www.uea.ac.uk/env/cserge/publications/wp/gec/gec2000_10.pdf 10. Agarwal, A, S Narain & A Sharma. 1999 The Polluter Says Principle – the GEF. in Agarwal, A et al ed. Green Politics: Global Environmental Negotiations 1. Centre for Science and Environment, India. Chapter summaries at http://www.cseindia.org/html/extra/gen.htm 11. Agrawal A, Chhatre A, Hardin R. 2008. Changing Governance of the World's Forests. Science 320:1460 12. Agrawal, A. 2005 Environmentality Community, Intimate Government, and the Making of Environmental Subjects in Kumaon, India Current Anthropology 46, 2 13. Agrawal, A. 2005. Environmentality: technologies of government and the making of subjects. Duke University Press 14. Agrawal, A. and Gibson, C.C. 1999 Enchantment and Disenchantment: The role of community in natural resource conservation. World Development, Vol. 27, NO. 4, pp. 629-649. 15. Agrawal, A. and Sivaramakrishnan, K. (eds.) 2000 Agrarian environments : resources, representations, and rule in India. Durham, NC : Duke University Press. 16. Agrawal, B. (1997).’Environmental action, gender equity and women’s participation’. Development and change 28 (1):1-44. 17. Agyeman J, Robert D. Bullard and Bob Evans (eds.) 2003 Just sustainabilities: development in an unequal world. MIT Press. 18. Agyeman, J . 2005. Sustainable Communities and the Challenge of Environmental Justice . NYU Press. 19. Agyeman, J and Evans, B. (eds) 2003. Just Sustainabilities. Earthscan 20. Agyeman, J (2013) Introducing just sustainabilities: policy, planning and practice. London. Zed Books 21. Agyeman, J and McEntee, J (2014) ‘Moving the field of food justice forward through the lens of urban political ecology’ Geography Compass Vol. 8, Issue 3 pp 211–220

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22. Aiyer, A. 2007. The Allure Of The Transnational: Notes on Some Aspects of the Political Economy of Water in India. Cultural Anthropology 22, No. 4, pp. 640-658 23. Akimichi T, Ichikawa M (eds) (2008) Tonan-ajia-no-morini naniga okotte-irunoka [What is happening in the forests of Southeast Asia]. Jinbun Shoin, Tokyo. 24. Alam, Undala Z (2002) Questioning the Water Wars Rationale: A Case Study of the Indus Waters Treaty. The Geographical Journal Vol. 168, No. 4, pp. 341-353 Ali, Saleem H (2008) Water Politics in South Asia: Technocratic cooperation and lasting security in the Indus Basin and Beyond Journal of International Affairs › Vol. 61 Nbr. 2, 25. Alexander, J. and McGregor, J. (2000) ‘Wildlife and politics: CAMPFIRE in Zimbabwe’ Development and Change 31, 3: pp. 605-607 26. Alimonda, H., 2016. Notas sobre la ecología política latinoamericana: arraigo, herencias, diálogos. Ecología política, (51), pp.36-42. 27. Alimonda H (ed) (2011) La naturaleza colonizada: ecología política y minería en América Latina [Colonized nature: political ecology and mining in Latin America]. CLACSO, Buenos Aires. 28. Alimonda H (ed) (2006) Los tormentos de la materia: aportes para una ecología política latinoamericana [The torments of matter: contributions towards a Latin American political ecology]. CLACSO, Buenos Aires. 29. Alonso A, V Costa and D Maciel 2005 The Formation of the Brazilian Environmental Movement Working Paper 259, IDS 30. Arce, A and Long, N. (eds) 1999. Anthropology, Development and Modernities; Exploring Discourse, Counter-Tendencies and Violence. London: Routledge. 31. Ambinakudige S 2011 National Parks, coffee and NTFPs: the livelihood capabilities of Adivasis in Kodagu, India. J Political Ecology 18 Pp 1-10. PDF 32. Anderson E.N. and B Anderson 2011 Development and the Yucatec Maya in Quintana Roo: some successes and failures. J of Political Ecology 18. Pp 51-65. PDF 33. Andrew McWilliam and Elizabeth G. Traube (eds) 2011 Land and Life in Timor-Leste: Ethnographic Essays. ANU EPress download http://epress.anu.edu.au/titles/land- and-life-in-timor-leste 34. Angelo, H. and Wachsmuth, D. (2014), Urbanizing Urban Political Ecology: A Critique of Methodological Cityism. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. doi: 10.1111/1468-2427.12105 35. Annear C 2009 Navigating constricted channels: local cooption, coercion, and concentration under co-management, Mweru-Luapula fishery, Zambia. Journal of Political Ecology 16: 34-48. PDF 36. Anseeuw, W. (2013). The Rush for Land in Africa: Resource grabbing or green revolution? South African Journal of International Affairs, No. 20:1, 159-177. 37. Arce, A and Long, N. (eds) 1999. Anthropology, Development and Modernities; Exploring Discourse, Counter-Tendencies and Violence. London: Routledge. 38. Austin Dianne. Integrating Political Ecology and Community-Based Participatory Research on the U.S.-Mexico Border. in Engaged Political Ecologies Eds. Batterbury & Horowitz forthcoming 39. Bagla, Pallava (2010) Along the Indus River, Saber Rattling Over Water Security. Science 4 June 2010: Vol. 328 no. 5983 pp. 1226-1227 Barton JR, Staniford D 1998. Net deficits and the case for aquacultural geography. Area 30 (2): 145-155 40. Bakker K, Braun B, McCarthy J, 2005, "Hurricane Katrina and abandoned being" Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 23(6) 795 – 809

The views expressed in this document are of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. 10

41. Bakker, K. (2003) ‘From archipelago to network: Urbanization and water privatization in the South’ The Geographical Journal 169(4), 328 - 341. 42. Bakker, K. (2007), The “Commons” Versus the “Commodity”: Alter-globalization, Anti-privatization and the Human Right to Water in the Global South. Antipode, 39, pp.430–455. 43. Bakker, K. 1999 The politics of hydropower: Developing the Mekong” Political Geography 18(2), 209 – 232. http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~bakker/Publications/ 44. Bakker, K. 2005 Neoliberalizing nature? Market environmentalism in water supply in England and Wales’ Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 95(3), 542 – 565. http://www.geog.ubc.ca/%7Ebakker/PDF/neoliberalizing.pdf 45. Bakker, K. and D. Hemson 2000 Privatising water: Hydropolitics in the new South Africa. South African Journal of Geography 82 (1), 3 12. http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~bakker/Publications/ 46. Bakker, K. and M. Kooy 2005 Splintered Networks? Water, Power, and Knowledge in Jakarta: 1870 – 1945 in M Gandy Hydropolis. Campus Verlag. http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~bakker/PDF/Kooy%20Bakker%20Batavia%20chapter.p df 47. Baland, J and Platteau, J-P 1996 Halting Degradation of Natural Resources. Oxford: Clarendon Press and FAO [ Introduction; Chapter 13; General Conclusion] download from http://www.fao.org/docrep/x5316e/x5316e00.htm 48. Baquedano M (2002) La ecología política en América Latina [Political ecology in Latin America]. Ilé 2 (2), 17–40. 49. Barca, S., 2012. On working-class environmentalism: a historical and transnational overview. Interface: a journal for and about social movements Volume 4 (2), pp. 61-80. 50. Barca, S., 2011. Energy, property, and the industrial revolution narrative. Ecological Economics, 70(7), pp.1309-1315. 51. Barca, S., 2007. Enclosing the River: Industrialisation and the'Property Rights' Discourse in the Liri Valley (South of Italy), 1806-1916. Environment and History, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 3-23. 52. Barnes, J., 2014. Cultivating the Nile: the everyday politics of water in Egypt. Duke University Press. 53. Barnett J and Adger N. 2007. Climate change, human security and violent conflict. Political Geography 26, 6, 639-655 54. Barney, K 2014. 'Ecological Knowledge and the Making of Plantation Concession Territories in Southern Laos. Conservation and Society 12(4): 352-363. http://www.conservationandsociety.org/article.asp?issn=0972- 4923;year=2014;volume=12;issue=4;spage=352;epage=363;aulast=Barney 55. Barrow, E, Gichohi H, Infield M. 2000 Rhetoric or Reality? A review of Community conservation policy and practice in E Africa,. Evaluating Eden series 5. London: IIED. (SB) 56. Baruah, B 1999. The Narmada Valley Project: displacement of local populations and impact on women. Natural Resources Forum, Vol. 23, No. 1: 81-84. 57. Bassett T 1988 The Political Ecology of Peasant-Herder Conflicts in Northern Ivory Coast, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 78 (3), 78 (3): pp. 453-472. 58. Bassett, T & Zueli, K.B. 2000. Environmental Discourses and the Ivorian Savanna. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 90(1) 67-95 59. Bassett, T. 1988. The political ecology of peasant-herder conflicts in northern Ivory Coast. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 78 (3): pp. 453-472

The views expressed in this document are of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. 11

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118. Bohle, H and H Funfgeld. 2007. The political ecology of violence in eastern Sri Lanka. Development and change 38(6) 665-687 119. Bohle, H and H Funfgeld. 2007. The political ecology of violence in eastern Sri Lanka. Development and Change 38(6) 665-687 120. Bolten C. 2009 The agricultural impasse: creating "normal" post-war development in Northern Sierra Leone. J of Political Ecology 16 Pp 70-86. PDF 121. Borras Jr, S. M., & Franco, J. C. (2013). Global land grabbing and political reactions ‘from below’. Third World Quarterly, 34(9), 1723-1747. 122. Borras Jr, S. M., Hall, R., Scoones, I., White, B., & Wolford, W. (2011). Towards a better understanding of global land grabbing: an editorial introduction. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 38(2), 209-216. 123. Borrini-Feyerabend, G., Farvar, M.T., Nguinguiri, J.C. and Ndangang, V.A. 2001 Co- management of natural resources: Organising, negotiating and learning-by-doing. GTZ and IUCN. Heidelberg: Kasparek Verlag http://nrm.massey.ac.nz/changelinks/cmnr.html (This volume is designed to assist conservation and development professionals involved in multi-stakeholder management of natural resources) 124. Bram Büscher 2014 Nature on the Move: The Value and Circulation of Liquid Nature and the Emergence of Fictitious Conservation New Proposals PDF 20-36 125. Braun B. 2005. Environmental issues: writing a more-than-human urban geography. Progress in Human Geography 29(5): 635-650 [PDF] 126. Braun B. and Castree, N. editors, 1999 Remaking reality. London: Routledge. (some useful chapters on the social constructionist perspective - explained in Demeritt's chapter) 127. Braun, B. 2002: The intemperate rainforest: nature, culture and power on Canada’s west coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. (various reviews available on-line) 128. Brechin SR, et al, 2003. Contested Nature: Promoting International Biodiversity with Social Justice in the Twenty-first Century. SUNY Press. details (includes ecotourism) 129. Brian C. Campbell and James R. Veteto. 2015. Free seeds and food sovereignty: anthropology and grassroots agrobiodiversity conservation strategies in the US South. Journal of Political Ecology 22: 445-465. PDF 130. Bridge G. 2004. Contested terrain: mining and the environment. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 29 205-59 131. Bridge, G. (2007) The Economy of Nature: from Political Ecology to the Social Construction of Nature. In Compendium of Economic Geography (Eds. Lee, Leyshon, McDowell and Sunley). Sage 132. Bridge, G. 2000 Local Dirt, Global Dreams: mining investment and land use change in Arizona. Local Environment 8(1) 61-83 133. Bridge, G. 2000 The Social Regulation of Resource Access and Environmental Impact: cases from the U.S. Copper Industry. Geoforum 31(2): 237-256 134. Bridge, G. 2007. Acts of enclosure: claim staking and land conversion in Guyana's gold fields. In Neoliberal Environments: false promises and unnatural consequences. Eds Heynen, McCarthy, Prudham and Robbins. Routledge. 135. Bridge, G. and P. McManus (2000) Sticks and Stones: Environmental Narratives and Discursive Regulation in the Forestry and Mining Industries. Antipode 32(1):10-47 136. Brock, K 1999 Implementing a Sustainable Livelihoods Framework for Policy Directed Research: Reflections From Practice in Mali IDS Working Papers - 90 http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids/bookshop/wp.html

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161. Bryceson, D.H. (1999) African rural labour, income diversification and livelihood approaches: a long term development perspective, Review of African Political Economy 80: 171-189. 162. Buckles, D. ed. 1999. Cultivating peace. Conflict and collaboration in natural resource management. Canada; IDRC. (useful local case studies) 163. Bullard, R. undated. Environmental justice in the 21st century. http://www.ejrc.cau.edu/ejinthe21century.htm 164. Bumpus, A. G. & Liverman, D. M. 2011. Carbon colonialism? Offsets, greenhouse gas reductions and, sustainable development. In: Global Political Ecology (eds. R. Peet et al): 203-224. London: Routledge. 165. Bury J (2008) Transnational corporations and livelihood transformations in the Peruvian Andes: an actor-oriented political ecology. Human Organisation 67, 307– 21. 166. Buscher B and Dietz T . 2005. The State and the Conservation-development Nexus in Southern Africa TES 4(2) http://www.journal-tes.dk/vol_4_no_2/NO5_BR_l.PDF 167. Büscher, B. (2009) ‘Letters of Gold: Enabling Primitive Accumulation through Neoliberal Conservation’, Human Geography 2(3): 91–93. [order it from library] [interview] 168. Büscher, B. and Dressler, W. (2012) Commodity Conservation. The Restructuring of Community Conservation in South Africa and the Philippines. Geoforum. Vol 43(3): 367-376 169. Buscher, B., Brockington, D., Igoe, J., Neves, K. and Sullivan, S. 2012. Towards a consolidated critique of Neoliberal Biodiversity Conservation. Capitalism, Nature, Socialism 23 (2): 4-30. PDF 170. Buscher, B., Dressler, W., and Fletcher, R (2014). Nature™ Inc: New Frontiers of Environmental Conservation in the Neoliberal Age. Tuscon: University of Arizona Press. 171. Byrne J, L Glover and H F. Alroe. 2006 Globalization and sustainable development: a political ecology strategy to realize ecological justice. . In Niels Halberg et al (eds.), Global Development of Organic Agriculture: Challenges and Prospects. Oxfordshire : CABI Publishing. Pp. 49-74. 172. Cárdenas R 2012. Green multiculturalism: articulations of ethnic and environmental politics in a Colombian ‘black community’ J Peasant Studies 39 2 309-333 173. Carney, D. 1998.(ed) Sustainable Rural Livelihoods - what contribution can we make? London : DFID. (sb) 174. Carney LA, Robert A. Voeks.2003 Landscape legacies of the African diaspora in Brazil. Progress in Human Geography, 27, Number 2, pp. 139-152, 175. Caroline Seagle 2012 Inverting the impacts: Mining, conservation and sustainability claims near the Rio Tinto/QMM ilmenite mine in Southeast Madagascar J Peasant Studies 39 2 447-477 176. Carr, E.R. 2015 Political Ecology and Livelihoods. In: Perreault, T., Bridge, G., and McCarthy, J. 2015. The Routledge Handbook of Political Ecology. Oxon and N.Y., Routledge. Chap 25, 332-342. 177. Carrier, J. and P. West (eds) (2009) Virtualism, Governance and Practice: Vision and Execution in Environmental Conservation. New York : Berghahn Books. 178. Castells, M 1997 The Power of Identity. Oxford: Blackwell (the classic author on new social movements. see Ch. 3 ) 179. Castree, N. 2005. Nature. Routledge Press. 180. Castree, N. 2014. Making Sense of Nature. New York: Routledge

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200. Cotula, L.,Oya, C., Codjoe., with Kakraba-Ampeh, M.,Keeley, J., Kidewa, L., Makwarimba, M., Seide, W., Nasha, W., Asare, R., & Rizzo, M. (2014). Testing claims about large land deals in Africa: Findings from a multi-country study. Journal of Development Studies, 50, 7, 903-925 201. Craig Thorburn 1996 Understanding Forest Resourse-use Change in Indonesia: A Political Ecology Approach. Unpublished PhD, University of California, Los Angeles 202. D’Alisa, G. and Kallis, G., 2016. A political ecology of maladaptation: Insights from a Gramscian theory of the State. Global Environmental Change, 38, pp.230-242 203. D’Alisa, G. Demaria, F. and G. Kallis (eds), 2014. Degrowth. A vocabulary for a new era, Routledge-Earthscan. 204. Dalby, Simon 2002 Conflict, Ecology and the Politics of Environmental Security. Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 2 (4), p125-131 [review essay] 205. Daly H E. 1994 Farewell Lecture To the World Bank. January 14. http://www.dieoff.org/page64.htm George Sand F Sabelli, 1994 Faith and Credit: The World Bank's Secular Empire (London: Penguin,). 206. Daly, H E. 1991. Steady-State Economics, 2nd Edition (Washington, DC: Island Press,), Chapter 13 pp. 241-60 207. Daly, Herman 1994 `Fostering Environmentally Sustainable Development: Four Parting Suggestions for the World Bank' Ecological Economics 10, 3, pp. 183-87. 208. de Castro F , DG McGrath. 2003 Moving toward sustainability in the local management of floodplain lake fisheries in the Brazilian Amazon. Human Organization. 62, 2;123 – 209. Depietri, Y., Kallis, G., Baró, F. and Cattaneo, C., 2016. The urban political ecology of ecosystem services: The case of Barcelona. Ecological Economics, 125, pp.83-100. 210. De Schutter, O. (2009). Large-scale land acquisitions and leases: A set of core principles and measures to address the human rights challenge. United Nations 211. De Schutter, O. (2011). How not to think of land-grabbing: Three Critiques of large- scale investments in farmland, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 38:2, 249 – 279. 212. Demeritt, D. 1994: The nature of metaphors in cultural geography and environmental history. Progress in Human Geography 18, 163–85 213. Derman B, A Ferguson 2003 Value of water: Political ecology and water reform in Southern Africa Human Organization 62 (3): 277- 214. DFID's website and clearinghouse- Livelihoods Connect http://www.livelihoods.org/ 215. Dietz Tom 2001 Thinking about environmental conflicts. In Lisa M. Kadous (ed.). Celebrating Scholarship. Fairfax, Virginia: George Mason Univ. http://www.dietzkalof.org/Thinking_about_environmental_conflict.pdf 216. Diprose, G. & McGregor, A. 2009 Dissolving the sugar fields: Land reform and resistance identities in the Philippines. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 30, 52-69. 217. Dixon, R. and McGregor, A. (2011), Grassroots Development and Upwards Accountabilities: Tensions in the Reconstruction of Aceh's Fishing Industry. Development and Change, 42: 1349–1377. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2011.01739.x 218. Dooliitle AA 2005. Property and Politics in Sabah, Malaysia: Native Struggles over Land Rights. University of Washington Press. 219. Doornbos, M., Saith, A. and White, B. 2000 Forest Lives and Struggles: An introduction. Development and Change, 31, 1, pp. 1-10

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