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ANTIQUAE BOEMIAE USQUE AD EXITUM SAECULI XII. TOPOGRAPHIA HISTORICA. AUXILIANTE REG. SOCIETATE SCIENTIARUM BOHEMICA Emou“ HERMĚNEGILDUS JIREČEK. '%'W VINDOBONIE — PRAGIE. F. 'I'EMPSKY, BIBLIUPOLA ACADEMIAE LITTERARUM CAESARl-ZAE VINDUBONl-LNSIS. MDCCCXCIII. Pars prima. I. Excerpta ex auctoribus graecis et romanis. Orcynia, Hercynia silva. Ac fuit antea tempus, cum Germanos Galli virtute supe­ rarent, ultro bella inferrent, propter hominum multitudinem agrique inopiam trans Rhenum colonias mitterent. Itaque ea, quae fertilissima Germaniae sunt, loca circum Hercyniam silvam, quam Eratostheni et quibusdam Graecis fama notam esse video, quam illi Orcyniam appellant, Volcae Tectosages occupaverunt atque ibi consederunt. Quae gens ad hoc tempus his sedibus sese continet, summamque habet iustitiae et bel­ licae laudis opinionem. Nunc, quod in eadem inopia, egestate, patientia, qua (ante), Germani permanent, eodem victu et cultu corporis utuntur. Gallis'autem provinciarum propinquitas et transmarinarum rerum notitia multa ad copiam atque usus largitur, paulatim assuefacti superari multisque victi proeliis ne se quidem ipsi cum illis virtute comparant. Huius Hercyniae silvae, quae supra demonstrataest, lati­ tudo novem dierum iter expedito patet; non enim aliter finiri potest, neque mensuras itinerum noverunt. Oritur ab Helve­ tiorum et Nemetum et Rauricorum finibus, rectaque fluminis Danuvii regione pertinet ad fines Dacorum et Anartium; hinc se flectit sinistrorsus diversis ab 'üumine regionibus, multa­ rumque gentium tines propter magnitudinem attingit; neque quisquam est-huius Germaniae, qui se (aut audisse) aut adisse ad initium eius silvae dicat, cum dierum iter LX processerit, aut, quo ex loco oriatur, acceperit. Multaque in ea. genera Jireček, 'l'opogr. Boem. I _n_ ferarum nasci constat, quae reliquis in locis visa non sint-, ex quibus quae maxime differant ab ceteris et memoriae pro­ denda videantur, haec sunt: Bos cervi figura, item quae appel­ lantur alces, tertium genus eorum qui uri appellantur. C. Julii Caesaris ,,Bellum Gallicum", ca. annum ól ante Chr. conscriptum, lib. VI, cap. 24 et 25 (edit. Bern. Dinteri). — Eratosthenis Cyrenaici, nati anno 276, mortui anno 195 ante ('hr.. geographich ru­ dimenta apud Strabonem et J. Caesarem. — Aristotelis (384 4322 „Mere­ orologica“ I. 13: =IC::fu'r/ 01:17»fa'r/ ';l/rxym'wy. Hercynei saltus. De transitu in Italiam Gallorum haec accepimus: Prisco Tarquinio Romae regnante Celtarum, quae pars Galliae tertia est, penes Bituriges summa imperii fuit; ii regem Celtico dabant. Ambigatus is fuit, virtute fortunaque cum sua tum publica praepollens, quod in imperio ejus Gallia adeo frugum hominumque fertilis fuit, ut abundans multitudo vix regi vi­ deretur posse. Hic magno natu ipse iam exonerare praegra­ vante turba regnum cupiens, Bellovesum ac Segovesum, sororis filios, inpigros iuvenes, missurum se esse in quas dii dedissent auguriis sedes ostendit: quantum" ipsi vellent numerum ho­ minum excirent, ne qua gens arcere advenientes posset. TumSegoveso sortibusdatiHercyneisaltus;Belloveso haud paulo laetiorem in Italiam viam di dabant. Is, quod his ex po­ pulis abundabat, Bituriges, Arvernos, Senones,Aeduos,Ambarros, Carnutes, Aulercos excivit. Profectus ingentibus peditum equi­ tumque copiis in Tricastinos venit. Alpes inde oppositae erant; quas inexsuperabiles visas haud equidem miror, nuUadum via, quod quidem continens memoria sit, nisi de Hercule fabulis credere libet, superatas. Ibi cum velut saeptos montium alti­ tudo teneret Gallos, circumspectarentque, quanam per juncta caelo.juga in alium orbem terrarum transirent, religio etiam tenuit, quod adlatum est, advenas quaerentes agrum ab Sa­ luvium gente oppugnari. Massilienses erant ii, navibus a Pha-' caea profecti. Id Galli fortunae suae omen rati, adiuvere, ut quem primum in terram egressi occupaverant locum patentibus Saluvis communirent. Ipsi per Taurinos saltusque J uliae Alpis —III— transcenderunt, fusisque acie Tuscis haud procul Ticino flumine, cum in quo consederant agrum Insubrium appellari audissent, cognomine Insubribus pago Haeduorum, ibi omen sequentes loci condidere urbem; Mediolanium appellarunt. Alia subinde manus Cenomanorum Etitovio duce vestigia­ priorum secuta eodem saltu, favente Belloveso cum transcen­ disset Alpes, ubi nunc Brixia ac Verona urbes sunt, locos tenuere. Libui considunt post hos Salluviique, prope antiquam gentem Laevos Ligures incolentes circa Ticinum amnem. Poenino deinde Boii Lingonesque transgressi, cum iam" inter Padum atque Alpes omnia tenerentur, Pado ratibus traiecto non Etruscos modo, sed etiam Umbros agro pellunt; intra Appeninum tamen sese tenuere. Tum Senones, recentissimi advenarum, ab Utente ilumine usque ad Aesim lines habuere. , T iti Livi „Ab Urbe condita libri“ ante annum 27 a. Chr. scripti. Hercynia silva. — Buiaemum (Bavím/m.)—- Gabreta silva. Meridiem versus terra paulatim sese elevat et iugum montium format Alpis cohaerens, quod orientem versus tendit, quasi Alpium pars esset. Hic etiam est Hercynia silva et gentes Suevorum, qui partim intra hanc silvam habitant. Apud quos etiam Buiaemum reperitur, regalis Marobodi sedes, in quem locuminter cae­ teros alios nominatim transtulerat et connationales suos, Mar­ comanos. (290). At gentes Suevorum habitant, ut dictum, partim intra, partim extra silvam usque ad Getas. (290). Hercynia silva est satis densa, magnis arboribusrepleta, complectiturque locis natura firmis ambitum sat magnum; in cujus medio jacet terra bene inhabitabilis, de' qua jam re­ tulimus (290). Quiiter fecerit de Gallia ad silvam Hercyniam, ei primo lacum (Brigantinum) transire, postea Istrum trajicere oportet, ulterius per territoria jam facilius pervia, montanas planities peragrans, iter ad silvam continuare poterit. Post Vindelicos sequuntur orientem versus Norici et so­ litudines Boiorum usque ad Pannones. __ IV _ Est insuper altera magna silva, cognomento Gabreta, ex hac parte Suevorum-,ex altera parte autem Hercynia silva-, at et haec a Suevis occupatur. (299). Refert etiam Posidonios (135 —51 ante ChrA, Boios antea silvam inhabitasse Hercyniam, Cimbros autem, qui hucusque progressi fuerint, rejectos a Bois, Istrum et Scordiscos gal­ licos petivisse. (293.) (Strabonis ,,Geographica" script-.ianno circiter 20. a. ('hr.) Hercynia silva, Boihaemum. II. 108.Nihil erat iam in Germania, quod vinci posset, praeter gentem Marcomanorum, quae Maroboduo duce excita sedibus suisatqueininteriorarefugiensincinctos Hercynia silva campos incolebat. Nulla festinatio huius viri mentionem trans­ gredi debet. Maroboduus, genere nobilis, corpore praevalens, animo ferox, natione magis quam ratione barbarus, non tu­ multuarium neque fortuitum neque mobilem et ex voluntate ' parentium constantem inter suos occupavit principatum, sed certum imperium vimque regiam complexus animo statuit avocata procul a Romanis gente sua eo progredi, ubi cum propter potentiora arma refugisset, sua faceret potentissima. Occupatis igitur, quos praediximus, locis finitimos omnis aut bello domuit aut condicionibus iuris sui fecit. 109. Corpus suum custodientium imperium, perpetuis exer­ citiis paene ad Romanae disciplinae formam redactum, brevi in eminens et nostro quoque Imperio timendum perduxit fastigium, gerebatque se ita adversus Romanos, ut neque bello nos (lacesseret, et si) lacesseretur, superesse sibi vim ac vo­ luntatem resistendi (ostenderet). Legati, quos mittebat ad Cae­ sares, interdum ut supplicem commendabant, interdum 'ut pro pari loquebantur. Gentibus hominibusque a nobis desciscentibus erat apud eum perfugium, (in) totumque ex male dissimulato agebat aemulum; exercitumque, quem septuaginta milium pe­ ditum, quattuor equitum fecerat, adsiduis adversus finitimos bellis exercendo maiori quam quod habebat, operi praeparabat. Eratque etiam eo timendus, quod cum Germaniam ad laevam _'V __ et in fronte, Pannoniam ad dextram, a tergo sedium suarum haberet Noricos, tamquam in omnes semper venturus ab oni­ nibus timebatur. Nec securam incrementi sui patiebatur esse Italiam, quippe cum a summis Alpium iugis, quae finemItaliae terminant, initium eius finium haud multo plus ducentis millibus passuum abesset. Hunc virum ethanc regionem proximo anno diversis e partibus Tiberius Caesar adgredi statuit. Sentio Satur­ nino mandatum,ut per Cattos excisis continentibus Hercyniae silvis legionesBoiohaemum (idregioni, quamincolebat Maro­ boduns, nomen est), ipse a Carn unt'o, qui locus Norici regni pro­ ximus ab hac parte erat, exercitum, qui in Illyrico merebat­ ducere in Marcomanos orsus est. 110. Rumpit interdum. (interduml moratur proposita lio­ minumfortuna. Praeparaverat iamhiberna Caesar ad Danubium admotdque exercitu non plus quam quinque dierum iter a primis hostium (aberat, legionesque quas) Saturninum admo­ vere placuerat, paene aequali divisae intervallo ab hoste intra paucos dies in praedicto loco cum Caesare se iuncturae erant, cmn universa Pannonia, insolens longae pacis bonis et adulta viribus, Delmatia omnibusque tractus eius gentibus in socie­ tatem adductis consilii,arma corripuit. Tum necessaria gloriosis praeposita, neque tutum visum abdito in interiora exercitu vacuam tam vicino hosti relinquere Italiam. C. Vellei Paterculi "Historia. romana",scripta ca. annum 30 post Chr., lib. II. (edit. Car. Halmii.) Hercynius saltus, Hercynia silva, Hercynium jugum. Germanorum genera quinque . .. Amncs clari in Oceanum deiiuunt: Guttalus, Vistillus sive Vistula, Albis, Visurgis, Amisius, Rhenus, Mosa. Introrsus vero, nullo inferius nobilitate, Hercynium jugum praetenditur.(IV. 28.) Superioraauteminter
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