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The Effects of Beef Liver on the Growth of Catfish and Goldfish
THE EFFECTS OF BEEF LIVER ON THE GROWTH OF CATFISH AND GOLDFISH by MARION ISABELL CAMPBELL B. S., Kansas State Teachers College, Pittsburg, 1924 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE KANSAS STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 1930 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS page INTRODUCTION 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 3 METHODS 4 DISCUSSION 8 SUMMARY 18 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 19 BIBLIOGRAPHY 20 PLATES 21 INTRODUCTION In experiments worked out by Edward Schneberger, under the direction of Dr. Minna E. Jewell in 1928-29 at the Kansas State Agricultural College, fish fed a diet contain- ing liver gained more in growth than those fed a non-liver diet. These results suggested the following questions: 1. Is liver just a desirable source of protein in the diet of catfish and goldfish or is some other growth factor contained in it? 2. Is the amount of liver a factor in the rate of growth of catfish and goldfish? 3 These studies were made under the direction of Dr. Edward J. Wimmer of the Kansas State Agricultural College under the auspices of the Zoology Department of the Kansas State Agricultural College. REVIEW OF LITERATURE The field of fish nutrition is comparatively new. Liver has always been a favorite food among hatchery people, because fish eat it readily and it has fulfilled the requirements of an adequate diet. Pearse (1925) worked out the chemical composition of certain fresh water fishes and found the body to contain an average of 2.44 per cent nitrogen for the year. This would be supplied by the protein content of the food. -
Liver-Healthy Shopping Guide
Liver-healthy Shopping Guide The liver is the world’s most efficient battery. It helps power your body by storing and releasing energy when you need it. Your liver plays a key role in converting food into the chemicals essential for life and it is therefore important to make food choices that optimize liver health. Although there is no specific ‘liver health diet’, these general guidelines will help ensure that your liver is functioning at its best: General Guidelines: • Choose a variety of foods from all four food groups of Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/food-guide- aliment/index_e.html ). Focus on lower fat choices within each food group. • Eat at least 2 servings from the Meat & Alternatives food group (meat, fish, poultry, peanut butter, dried beans, peas, lentils). • Eat small regular meals. Do not skip meals or over-eat. • Drink 6 to 8 glasses of fluids (preferably water) a day. • Avoid alcohol – or if you drink, do not have more than one to two drinks per occasion (and never on a daily basis). • Consult your doctor if you are considering taking vitamins or herbal supplements. Particular herbal supplements have the potential to cause liver damage and certain vitamins may be harmful to the liver if taken in high doses, particularly vitamin A. • Choose organic foods whenever possible: The less pesticides/chemicals/antibiotics/hormones, the less your liver has to filter. • Fresh is generally best e.g. firm and clean, organic and in-season produce • Wash fruit and vegetables right before use to remove pesticides. -
Heart Health Through Whole Foods
Heart Health Through Whole Foods Certain whole foods in a diet can ultimately provide heart-healthy benefits. The right foods consumed in the right amounts can help lower cholesterol and/or triglycerides. They may also help to reduce risk for heart disease. Even though the benefits of whole foods may be known, too often individuals turn to over-the-counter supplements instead. It is important to discuss all supplements prior to ingestion with your physician. Individuals may not realize that taking some supplements with certain medications may be harmful or that taking too much of a good thing can be bad. The purpose of this session is to educate how to obtain certain nutrients through whole foods rather then through supplements. It must be noted that some individuals may still need supplements in addition to diet. Once again this should be guided by a physician. Supplement Health Benefits Caution Dietary Alternative Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Fish oil is used for There are some safety concerns Consuming fish oil from dietary Fish Oils reduction in cholesterol about using high doses of fish oil. sources such as fatty fish (e.g., and triglycerides. It is Doses greater than 3 grams per tuna, salmon), two servings Fish oils contain used for hyperlipidemia, day can inhibit blood coagulation per week, is associated with Eicosapentaenoic hypertriglyceridemia, and potentially increase the risk a reduced risk of developing Acid (EPA) and coronary heart disease of bleeding. Doses greater than 3 cardiovascular disease Docosahexaenoic and hypertension. grams per day might also suppress (primary prevention). Acid (DHA) immune response. -
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE — A GUIDE TO — WHAT& HOW TO E AT TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 PART 2 • THE NORMAL LIVER • NUTRITION BASICS • THE LIVER WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC • WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) FOOD GROUPS? • STAGES OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE PART 3 PART 4 • FOUR WAYS TO COOK VEGETABLES • TAKE A LOOK AT YOUR PLATE —MAKING RECIPES LIVER FRIENDLY • SAMPLE MEAL PLAN • GROCERY SHOPPING AND PLANNING MEALS • SNACKS & SMOOTHIES PART PART 1 THE LIVER AND NAFLD WHERE IS THE LIVER? The Iiver is one of the largest organs in the body. It is located in the upper right side of the belly. The liver is the only organ able to repair itself after injury. Your liver is essential to your life. You cannot live without it. THE LIVER— ASSISTS IN DIGESTION OF PROTEINS, FATS AND CARBOHYDRATES IS ESSENTIAL FOR DEVELOPING PROTEINS THAT SUPPORT OUR MUSCLE AND IMMUNE SYSTEM STORES AND RELEASES ENERGY, VITAMINS AND MINERALS HELPS MAINTAIN BLOOD SUGAR REMOVES TOXINS FROM THE BLOOD STREAM 2 WHAT IS NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE? Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) results when liver cells become filled with fat. This fat can cause injury to the liver which can lead to cirrhosis, a severe condition where the liver is permanently scarred and damaged. Cirrhosis can lead to liver cancer or liver failure. You can control the progression of NAFLD by making the choice to change your diet and engage in daily activity. Most people do not know About 30% of U.S adults they have NAFLD, signs and have non-alcoholic fatty liver symptoms do not appear until disease. -
Cooking Guide Beef and Potato
Recipes Treats Beef and Russet Potato Salmon Bark Avail in 7 oz., 18 oz., 72 oz. Avail in 5 oz. It’s True... The single most important element to a dog’s Beef Liver Bark life (after he has found the love of his human) Lamb Avail in 5 oz., 15 oz. and Brown Rice is his daily diet. The food you choose to put in Avail in 7 oz., 18 oz., 72 oz. your dogs body, more than anything else, will Chicken Apple Bark determine his future health, happiness, well- Avail in 5 oz., 15 oz. Turkey and Whole being, energy level and may even have an Wheat Macaroni Avail in 7 oz., 18 oz., 72 oz. impact on his vet bills. Pumpkin Treats Newport Beach Kitchen Avail in 6 oz., 18oz. We started JustFoodForDogs® with one, Chicken 500 W. Coast Hwy., Newport Beach CA 92663 and White Rice simple, primary objective – to increase the Avail in 7 oz., 18 oz., 72 oz. West Hollywood Kitchen Peanut Butter Treats quality and length of life for as many dogs as Avail in 6 oz. 7870 Santa Monica Blvd., West Hollywood CA 90046 possible through a proven, balanced, whole Fish Sherman Oaks Kitchen food diet. JustFoodForDogs is quite simply and Sweet Potato the very best food you can feed your dogs. Avail in 7 oz., 18 oz., 72 oz. Chicken Breast Treats 13900 Ventura Blvd., Sherman Oaks CA 91423 Avail in 5 oz., 18 oz., 28 oz. Independent research at a major university Manhattan Beach Kitchen found that dogs fed our food experience Venison and Squash Diet Venison Treats 1605 N. -
Fatty Liver Diet Guidelines
Fatty Liver Diet Guidelines What is Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)? NAFLD is the buildup of fat in the liver in people who drink little or no alcohol. NAFLD can lead to NASH (Non- Alcoholic Steatohepatitis) where fat deposits can cause inflammation and damage to the liver. NASH can progress to cirrhosis (end-stage liver disease). Treatment for NAFLD • Weight loss o Weight loss is the most important change you can make to reduce fat in the liver o A 500 calorie deficit/day is recommended or a total weight loss of 7-10% of your body weight o A healthy rate of weight loss is 1-2 pounds/week • Change your eating habits o Avoid sugar and limit starchy foods (bread, pasta, rice, potatoes) o Reduce your intake of saturated and trans fats o Avoid high fructose corn syrup containing foods and beverages o Avoid alcohol o Increase your dietary fiber intake • Exercise more o Moderate aerobic exercise for at least 20-30 minutes/day (i.e. brisk walking or stationary bike) o Resistance or strength training at least 2-3 days/week Diet Basics: • Eat 3-4 times daily. Do not go more than 3-4 hours without eating. • Consume whole foods: meat, vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, legumes, and whole grains. • Avoid sugar-sweetened beverages, added sugars, processed meats, refined grains, hydrogenated oils, and other highly processed foods. • Never eat carbohydrate foods alone. • Include a balance of healthy fat, protein, and carbohydrate each time you eat. © 7/2019 MNGI Digestive Health Healthy Eating for NAFLD A healthy meal includes a balance of protein, healthy fat, and complex carbohydrate every time you eat. -
Gluten Contamination of Spices and Herbs
Special Report: Gluten Contamination of Spices Gluten Free Watchdog, LLC Note: This report was originally published for subscribers to Gluten Free Watchdog. It has been modified for public dissemination. Manufacturer names and other identifying information have been removed and are available only to subscribers of Gluten Free Watchdog. If you wishof to have access to the full report you must subscribe. Single ingredient spices have long been considered naturally gluten-free. But a recently released report on gluten in ground spices from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency has called into question whether spices may be contaminated with wheat, barley, and/or rye. Watchdog Definition of Spice The Food and Drug Administration defines spice as “any aromatic vegetable substance in the whole, broken, or ground form…whose significant function in food is seasoningProperty rather than nutritional.” What some people think of as herbs, such as thyme and sage because they come from the leafy portionFree of the plant are included in the FDA’s definition of spice as are “spices” that come from the other portions of the plant (e.g., roots, flowers, and seeds), such as cumin and clove. Canadian Food Inspection Agency Report: Gluten in Ground Spices The CFIA tested 268 samples of ground spices. 23 samples were domestically processed and 245 were imported. CFIA defines domestically processed spices as including spices being ground and/or packaged in Canada. According to correspondence Gluten Free WatchdogGluten had with CFIA, samples were tested using the Ridascreen Gliadin R7001 assay and extracted with the cocktail solution R7006 and the addition of milk powder (there will be more information about the use of milk powder later on in this report). -
Microbiological Evaluation of Pork Offal Products Collected from Processing Facilities in a Major United States Pork-Producing Region
Brief communication Peer reviewed Microbiological evaluation of pork offal products collected from processing facilities in a major United States pork-producing region Alan K. Erickson, PhD; Monte Fuhrman, DVM; William Benjy Mikel, PhD; Jon Ertl, DVM; Laura L. Ruesch, MS; Debra Murray; Zachary Lau, BS Summary Resumen – Evaluación microbiológica Résumé – Évaluation microbiologique d’abats de porc prélevés dans des établisse- Analysis of 370 offal samples from 15 US de menudencias porcinas recolectadas ments de transformation dans une région pork-processing facilities detected Yersinia de centros procesadores en un región importante de producción porcina de los de production porcine importante aux enterocolitica-positive (2.4%) and Salmonella- États-Unis positive (21.8%) samples and mesophilic Estados Unidos aerobic plate counts > 107 colony-forming El análisis de 370 muestras de menudencias L’analyse de 370 échantillons d’abats prov- units/g (3.2%). A risk assessment showed de 15 centros procesadores de cerdo de EUA enant de 15 établissements de transformation américain a permis de détecter des échan- intestine (20%), brain (21%), liver and heart detectó muestras positivas al Yersinia entero- tillons positifs pour Yersinia enterocolitica (73%), and kidney (87%) sampling batches colitica (2.4%) y positivas a la Salmonella (2.4%) et Salmonella (21.8%) ainsi que des were acceptable for human consumption. (21.8%), y conteo de placa aeróbica de mesó- dénombrements de bactéries mésophiles aéro- filos > 107 unidades/g formadoras de colonias biques > 107 unités formatrices de colonies/g Keywords: swine, offal,Salmonella , Yer- (3.2%). Una evaluación de riesgo mostró que sinia, Toxoplasma (3.2%). Une évaluation du risque a démontré los lotes de muestreo de intestino (20%), cere- que les lots échantillonnés d’intestins (20%), Received: March 20, 2018 bro (21%), hígado y corazón (73%), y riñón de cerveau (21%), de foie et de cœur (73%), Accepted: August 21, 2018 (87%) eran aceptables para consumo humano. -
Don't Pass the Salt! Low Sodium Seasoning Guide
Don’t Pass the Salt! Low Sodium Seasoning Guide 1. Resist the urge to use salt in cooking or using the salt shaker. One teaspoon of salt is equal to 2,300 mg of sodium. 2. Use spices and herbs to flavor your foods to add interest and variety. 3. Herb Blends These herb blends can be found in your local store to add flavor to the foods you enjoy. Be sure to check the label to be sure they do not contain salt or sodium on the list of ingredients. How to cook with herbs and spices: Finding “Hidden” salt on a label To release more flavor and Sodium benzoate (a aroma, finely chop fresh herbs preservative) before using in the recipe. Try using kitchen shears. Sodium nitrate (a preservative used in processed meats) Add herbs and spices at the end of the cooking time in soups and Bicarbonate of soda or baking stews. That way the flavors soda won’t cook out. Sodium pyrophosphage Add herbs and spices several hours before serving a cold dish, Monosodium glutamate such as salads and dips. A general rule of thumb with herbs and spices: one tablespoon of fresh herbs equals one teaspoon of dried herbs. Seasoning Guide Meats and Protein Suggested Seasoning Beef Allspice, basil, bay leaf, caraway seed, celery seed, chili powder, cumin, ginger, onion or garlic powder, rosemary, savory, tarragon or thyme Eggs Basil, celery seed, chili powder, curry, cumin, marjoram, rosemary and savory Fish Curry powder, dill, lemon or marjoram Lamb Curry powder, mint, onion or garlic powder or rosemary Pork Bay leaf, caraway seed, chili powder, cloves, curry powder, -
Cruelty-Free Eating
Recipes and Cooking Tips, How to Stay Healthy, Resources, Q&A, and more! Guide to Cruelty-Free Eating Thank you for taking the time to consider the following ideas! This guide is for all thoughtful, compassionate people—from lifelong meat eaters who are just learning about factory farms, to vegetarians seeking new recipes and nutritional information, to vegans interested in more ways to help end cruelty to animals. 4 Eating Cruelty-Free This guide is produced and published by Vegan Outreach—a 501(c)(3) nonprofit 5 Glossary organization dedicated to reducing the suffering of farmed animals by promoting informed, ethical eating. 6 Meat and Dairy Substitutes Some of the photos are provided courtesy of Amy’s Kitchen, 7 Simple Meal Ideas Daiya Foods, East Bay Animal Advocates, Eden Foods, Enjoy Life Cooking Cruelty-Free Foods, Joe Espinosa, eSutras Organics, David Falconer, Farm 8 Sanctuary, Hoss Firooznia, Follow Your Heart, Garden Protein 11 Recipes International, GFA Brands, Hain Celestial Group, Sangeeta Kumar, Whitney Lauritsen, Lightlife Foods, Millennium Restaurant, Pangea 15 Resources Vegan Products, PETA, Turtle Island Foods, Turtle Mountain, USDA, Viva! USA, WhiteWave Foods, and WholeSoy & Co. 16 Staying Healthy on Plant-Based Diets Printed on recycled paper 22 Advocating for Animals with vegetable-based inks 26 Questions & Answers © Vegan Outreach, 2011 Guide to Cruelty-Free Eating Rev. 3/11 Choosing Compassion What we choose to eat makes a powerful statement about our ethics and our view of the world—about our very humanity. By not buying meat, eggs, and dairy products, we withdraw our support of cruelty to animals, undertake an economic boycott of factory farms, and support the production of cruelty-free foods. -
Vegetarian Starter Kit You from a Family Every Time Hold in Your Hands Today
inside: Vegetarian recipes tips Starter info Kit everything you need to know to adopt a healthy and compassionate diet the of how story i became vegetarian Chinese, Indian, Thai, and Middle Eastern dishes were vegetarian. I now know that being a vegetarian is as simple as choosing your dinner from a different section of the menu and shopping in a different aisle of the MFA’s Executive Director Nathan Runkle. grocery store. Though the animals were my initial reason for Dear Friend, eliminating meat, dairy and eggs from my diet, the health benefi ts of my I became a vegetarian when I was 11 years old, after choice were soon picking up and taking to heart the content of a piece apparent. Coming of literature very similar to this Vegetarian Starter Kit you from a family every time hold in your hands today. plagued with cancer we eat we Growing up on a small farm off the back country and heart disease, roads of Saint Paris, Ohio, I was surrounded by which drastically cut are making animals since the day I was born. Like most children, short the lives of I grew up with a natural affi nity for animals, and over both my mother and time I developed strong bonds and friendships with grandfather, I was a powerful our family’s dogs and cats with whom we shared our all too familiar with home. the effect diet can choice have on one’s health. However, it wasn’t until later in life that I made the connection between my beloved dog, Sadie, for whom The fruits, vegetables, beans, and whole grains my diet I would do anything to protect her from abuse and now revolved around made me feel healthier and gave discomfort, and the nameless pigs, cows, and chickens me more energy than ever before. -
Cod Liver Oil As Nature Intended
Improved formula Cod Liver Oil as Nature Intended d Throu ol gh S H s e l a a lt n h io Whole Food Supplements Since 1929 s C a s re Profe standardprocess.com Standard Process Cod Liver Oil provides naturally occurring vitamin A, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q .* All the Benefits of 10 Systems Supported Vitamin A Vitamin D a Natural Profile Bone x Cardiovascular x Standard Process Cod Liver Oil Endocrine x contains vitamins A and D with Epithelial tissue x EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids, Liver x Teeth x as nature intended. No additional Natural killer cells x vitamin A or D is added. B lymphocytes x Immune Cell growth/death x › Natural profile of vitamins A and D Cell differentiation x › Contains EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty Tears x acids that, according to the FDA, may Vision Retina x reduce the risk of coronary heart disease Cell signaling x › Supports healthy eyes and skin Content: Supplement Facts: 180 perles › Provides support for bone, tooth, Serving Size: 3 Perles Suggested Use: Servings per Container: 60 and musculoskeletal health Three perles per day, Amount Per Serving %DV or as directed › Supports the body’s natural Calories ................... 27 Product Number: 2685 Calories from Fat ... 27 inflammatory response Total Fat ................... 3.0 g ............2%* Suggested List Price: Cholesterol .............. 12 mg ........... 4% › Naturally contains small amounts $39.00 Vitamin A ................. 2,000 IU ..... 40% of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)* Vitamin D ................. 90 IU .......... 20% › In convenient perles with a Cod Liver Oil ............ 3,000 mg ..........† natural lemon flavor DHA ........................