DOCSLIB.ORG

ERENET PROFILE Issue

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ERENET PROFILE Issue ISSUE Vol. VII No. 1 January 2012 CONTENT ERENET PROFILE __________________________ WINTER MESSAGE 2 PAPERS PUBLISHER Dr. Péter Szirmai – Editor DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND Dr. Antal Szabó – Scientific Director SME-SECTORS IN SOUTH-EASTERN CAUCASUS: Ágnes Kiss – Website Editor Tamás Tóth – Designer Development of the SME Sector in the Era of 3 INTERNATIONAL BOARD Emerging from the Economic Crises in Armenia Desislava Yordanova AleksanderPoghossian-TigranSukiasyan 29 St. Kliment Ohridski University Development of the SME Sector in the Era of Dr. Sanja Pfeifer Emerging from the Economic Crises in Azerbaijan University of Osiek AlakbarMammadov Dr. Hans-Jürgen Weißbach Emerging out the Economic Crises and Strategies of 44 Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main Entrepreneurship Improvement and SME Dr. Dumitru Matis Development in Georgia Babeş-Bolyai University EteriMamukelashvili Dr. Szabo Zsuzsanna University of Tirgu Mures Dr. Eric Dejan CONFERENCE PAPERS University of Belgrade • GlobalMicrocreditSummit2011concludedinSpain 61 Dr. Mateja Drnovsek • Dynamo-FirstNationalDayonBusinessContinuity 63 University of Ljubljana • RecognizingInnovativeSMEsinMalaysia 64 Dr. Toni Brunello Studiocentroveneto INSTITUTIONAL PROFILE Dr. Renáta Vokorokosová, University of Kosice • InternationalCouncilforSmallBusiness-ICSB Dr. Krzysztof Wach CALLS EVENTS Cracow University Dr. Sonia Heptonstall • GlobalBusinessIncubatorManagementTraining, 66 UBIS Geneva Istanbul 68 Dr. Sybille Heilbrunn • DoctoralCourceinEntrepreneurshipEducation, Ruppin Academic Center Aarhus 69 Dr. Dilek Cetindamar • ConferenceonSpiritualityandSustainability,Visegrád Sabanci University PUBLICATION NEWS - BOOKS Dr. László Szerb • ECStudyonBusinessDynamics:Start-Ups,Business 72 University of Pécs TransfersandBankrupcy Dr. Zoltán Bajmócy • SmallCompaniescreate85%ofnewJobsinEU 74 University of Szeged • BringingyouBusinesstoLife 76 Published by: ERENET NETWORK Small Business Development Centre, Corvinus University of Budapest [email protected] www.erenet.org © ERENET PROFIL, 2011 ISSN 1789 -624X ERENET Profile Vol. VII, No. 1. www.erenet.org WINTER MESSAGE OF THE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTOR Distinguished ERENET Members and Friends , Quo Vadis European Union? To be or not to be EURO? These are the two main important questions facing the policymakers andcivilians today. The ship of the EU is facing major problems and challenges. It is crackling and crunchingandwe do not knowwho to steal the thunder in ordertosavethesail-yardnottobreakinhalf.EUstillfacing enormous economic crises and the economic stability is far fromthenormalcourse. IremembertheinternationalworkshopheldpriorintroducingtheEUROheldattheUN Headquarters in Geneva, when followingthe presentation bythe representative of the European CommissiontheheadoftheEconomicAnalysesdepartmentoftheUNECEdrewattentionofthe participantthatlaunchingthenewEuropeancurrencyitisratheranambitioustaskassimilartothe stuntofjumpingfromthehighshoreintheswiftcurrentwithoutacrush-helmetnotknowingwhere aretheunderwaterstickingrocks.Itisapoliticaldecisionwhichdoesnotjustifyfromeconomicand fiscal points of views. A unique common currencyneeds unique centrallyplannedandmanaged economicandfiscalpolicyandgivingupthenationalsovereigntyanddelegationofmajorpolitical andeconomicdecision-makingmechanismtoaninternationalselectedgoverningbody.However,it will be a danger of losingnational independence andthis will be similar to the former "socialist brigademovement" álacarte oftheEU.TheEUROwasintroducestoworldfinancialmarketsasan accounting currencyon 1 January1999. Since late 2009, it has been immersed in the European sovereigndebtcrises,whichhasledtothecreationoftheEuropeanFinancialStabilityFacilityaswell asotherreformsaimingatstabilizingtheeconomyandthecurrency.BerlinandParisarepreparinga newEUstabilitypactwhichrequiresthe17countriesintheEURO-zonetolimitbudgetdeficitsto 3% anddebt to 60% Gross Domestic Products. This figures are not news, theyare the EURO convergencecriteria(Maastrichtcriteria).TheproblemisthatthemajorityoftheEUcountriesblew itandfartoomanyexceededthislimits.Thissituationleadtocurrentcatastrophicsituation.And most suffered the vulnerable small new EU countries, whose exchange rate is continuously deteriorating, the foreign debt is increasing, and the civil society suffering from the luxury overspendingbehavior of the reach Western countries. It is not surprisingthan sometimes street protestersflyingintoarageareburningpubliclyEUflag. Itisevenmorefrustratingthebehaviorofsomepolicy-makers.ThetruthoftheEuropean democracyisout.HungaryhastolearnthebitterlessonfromtheWesternandUSmediawhenits Government is trying to behave like a national one. President Sarközy awarded the former HungarianPMactingearlierasasocialistsecretagent,butwarnPresidentOrbántotreatleniently theprofithungryFrenchcompanies.USforeignministerHillarywithSorossupporttheformation of a newsocialist political grouping again the current Government. Just when not a European Government and media did not protested when the Slovakian Government deprives of the citizenshipofa99yearoldHungarianteacherwhowasborninherbirthplacebutherhomelandgone withthewindofhistory,andlastyearduetotheHungarianLawonDoubleCitizenshipsheapplied forheroriginalcitizenship. Quousquetandemabutere,Europe,patientianostra?Howlong,OEurope,will abuseourpatience?IwonderwhethertheDanishEUPresidencywilldealwithsuchkindofinjustices. Dr.SzabóAntal ScientificDirectorofERENET 2 ERENET Profile Vol. VII, No. 1. www.erenet.org Dr. Aleksander Poghossian PrincipalConsultantandtheManagingDirectorofAlphaPlusConsulting Yerevan, Tigran Sukiasyan NationalEconomicandEnvironmentalOffice OSCEYerevanOffice,Armenia E-mail:alex.poghossian@ alphaplusconsulting.com DEVELOPMENT OF THE SME SECTOR IN THE ERA OF EMERGING FROM THE ECONOMIC CRISES IN ARMENIA 1 ABSTRACT Significant economic growth was recorded during the period of 2001-2007 in Armenia. The economic crises hit the Armenian economy, however, it become to revitalized since 2010. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) companies played an important role in the economic revitalization. This paper illustrates how the economic policy promoted economic stability in Armenia, and what kine of measures were taken by the Government to promote small and medium- sized businesses. JEL Code: F14, L26, O12, O57 1. NATIONAL ECONOMY AND THE SME SECTOR Recent development of the national economy RecentlydiscussionsconcerningdevelopmentoftheArmeniannationaleconomyhaveintensified, because Armenia faces newchallenges due to its quite complicated geopolitical location, namely by the impactsoftheworldfinancialcrisis. ArmeniaisasmalllandlockedcountrysituatedattheintersectionofEuropeandAsia.Itisbordered byGeorgiato the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Iran to the south, andTurkeyto the west. Armeniais a mountainouscountrycoveringanareaof29,800squarekilometerswithapopulationofjustover3.2million atthemostrecentestimate(officialfigure). Duringthelast15yearstheArmenianeconomyhasbeengrowingcontinuously.Afterthecollapseof theSovietUnionandsevereeconomicdownturnin1991-1993,thenationaleconomyexpandedformorethan threetimes.Averageannualgrowthrateduring1995-2008was9%.Significanteconomicgrowthwasrecorded during2001-2007:onaverageabout13%.InthesameperiodthepercapitaGDPalsoincreasedfrom670 USDin2001to3,689USDin2008.Duringthelastquarterof2008theworldeconomiccrisesmadethereal growthrateslowdownsignificantly:asopposedtothepreviousyearsof2-digiteconomicgrowth,in2008it made6.8%.Inspiteofthatfact,theoutputin2008exceededthelevelof2002foraround2,thelevelof1995 -for3,andthelevelof1990-for1.7times,duetothecontinuouseconomicgrowthofthepreviousyears. Theeffectofthecrisescontinuedduring2009,whenthe nationaleconomyexperienceddownturnofabout 14%.However,in2010theeconomybegantorevitalizeand2.1%realGDPgrowthwasrecorded. 1 Study prepared within the framework of the KAS-BSEC-ERENET Project and presented at the Workshop on Enterpreneurship and SME Development in the BSEC Region in the Time of Emerging from the Economic Crises held in July 2011 in Istanbul. 3 ERENET Profile Vol. VII, No. 1. www.erenet.org Thecountry’snominalgrossdomesticproductin2008wasUSD11.9billionorUSD3,700percapita, whichwashigherthanUSD9.2billionofthepreviousyear(USD2,853percapita).In2009nominalGDP deceasedtoUSD8.7billion(USD2,686percapita)contrarytothegovernment’sbudgetforecasts(over$13.6 billionwasestimated). Anfinallyin2010whenrealgrowthrevitalized,nominalGDPalsoincreasedreaching USD9.7billionwhichequalsto3,041percapita. % 20 15 10 5 0 -5 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 -10 -15 -20 Figure1EconomicGrowthinArmeniain1997-2010 AsconcernsthestructureofGDP,in2009shareofindustrymadeup13.6%(itdecreasedduringthe last 5 years), share of agriculture was 16.2% (decreased), share of construction – 18.8% (decreased), trade comprised20.7%(increasedoverthelastyears),andtherestwascomprisedofothersectors. Asof2008averageexchangeratefortheArmeniannationalcurrencydramhadbeencontinuously appreciatingforseveralyearsandwasstabilizedatAMD306for1USdollarfortheyear2008.However,it depreciatedsuddenlybyabout 20-25% during2009 economic crises, reachingeven 384 AMD for 1 USD duringthe last quarter of 2009. Inflation, which remainedfairlylowin the earlyto mid2000s, increased significantlyas aresult of higher pricedimported goods cominginto the countryandjumpedfrom4.4% annualaveragein2007to9%in2008.Averageexchangeratefortheyear2009stabilizedat363AMDfor1 USD,howeverin2010itagainreachedthelevelofabout380AMDper1USD. TheannualunemploymentrateinArmeniawas7%in2009,upfrom6.3%ayearearlier.Thiswas
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download/Print the Study in PDF Format
    GENERAL ELECTIONS IN ARMENIA 6th May 2012 European Elections monitor Republican Party led by the President of the Republic Serzh Sarkisian is the main favourite in Corinne Deloy the general elections in Armenia. On 23rd February last the Armenian authorities announced that the next general elections would Analysis take place on 6th May. Nine political parties are running: the five parties represented in the Natio- 1 month before nal Assembly, the only chamber in parliament comprising the Republican Party of Armenia (HHK), the poll Prosperous Armenia (BHK), the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (HHD), Rule of Law (Orinats Erkir, OEK) and Heritage (Z), which is standing in a coalition with the Free Democrats of Khachatur Kokobelian, as well as the Armenian National Congress (HAK), the Communist Party (HKK), the Democratic Party and the United Armenians. The Armenian government led by Prime Minister Tigran Sarkisian (HHK) has comprised the Republi- can Party, Prosperous Armenia and Rule of Law since 21st March 2008. The Armenian Revolutionary Federation was a member of the government coalition until 2009 before leaving it because of its opposition to the government’s foreign policy. On 12th February last the Armenians elected their local representatives. The Republican Party led by President of the Republic Serzh Sarkisian won 33 of the 39 country’s towns. The opposition clai- med that there had been electoral fraud. The legislative campaign started on 8th April and will end on 4th May. 238 people working in Arme- nia’s embassies or consulates will be able to vote on 27th April and 1st May. The parties running Prosperous Armenia leader, Gagik Tsarukian will lead his The Republican Party will be led by the President of the party’s list.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring Armenia's Progress on the Tobacco Control Scale
    Open Access Research BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004410 on 27 February 2014. Downloaded from Measuring Armenia’s progress on the Tobacco Control Scale: an evaluation of tobacco control in an economy in transition, 2005–2009 Narine K Movsisyan,1 Gregory N Connolly2 To cite: Movsisyan NK, ABSTRACT Strengths and limitations of this study Connolly GN. Measuring Objectives: This study aimed to measure the 5-year Armenia’s progress progress in the implementation of WHO Framework ▪ on the Tobacco Control The fist study to assess the Framework Convention Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in Armenia by Scale: an evaluation of on Tobacco Control (FCTC) implementation in tobacco control in an applying the Tobacco Control Scale, a rapid assessment Armenia. economy in transition, 2005– tool developed to assess the strength of tobacco control ▪ Applies the Tobacco Control Scale, an important 2009. BMJ Open 2014;4: policies in Europe. rapid assessment tool for measuring the strength e004410. doi:10.1136/ Setting: Armenia, an economy in transition, has extreme of tobacco control policies, to a transition country bmjopen-2013-004410 smoking rates among men (62.5%) despite acceding to such as Armenia, highlights the weaknesses of the FCTC in 2004. However, little research has been carried out scale and makes recommendations to enhance its ▸ Prepublication history and to evaluate Armenia’s progress in tobacco control. validity and reliability. additional material for this Methods: The Tobacco Control Scale total score was ▪ The findings from this study are limited to paper is available online. To estimated for Armenia using the original methodology; Armenia and similar economies in transition.
    [Show full text]
  • Armaments, Disarmament and International Security 472 NON-PROLIFERATION, ARMS CONTROL, DISARMAMENT, 2007
    10. Conventional arms control ZDZISLAW LACHOWSKI I. Introduction There were many troubling developments for conventional arms control in 2007, although there was positive progress in some areas. In the biggest chal- lenge yet to the 1990 Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE Treaty) the Russian Federation ‘suspended’ its participation in the regime.1 This gave rise to more energetic consideration of the current status of conven- tional arms control in Europe. The weakening of the CFE arms control regime led to some disquieting reactions in the South Caucasus, while in Moldova the deadlock persisted over Russia’s removal of personnel and equipment. In contrast, there was further implementation of the 2005 Georgia–Russia agree- ment on the closure of Russian military bases and other facilities in Georgia and the subregional arms control regime in the Balkans continued to operate smoothly. Outside Europe, North and South Korea restarted talks in 2007 on building confidence on their mutual border.2 The states participating in the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) continued to develop confidence- and security-building meas- ures (CSBMs) and other arms control-related arrangements in 2007, with the aim of better meeting Europe’s regional and subregional risks and challenges. Globally, there was progress in dealing with ‘inhumane weapons’, and the international Oslo process on cluster munitions, which was launched in 2006, gained momentum. In reviewing these and other issues, this chapter assesses the major develop- ments relating to conventional arms control in 2007. Section II gives a brief overview of the gathering crisis over the CFE Treaty, an analysis of the crit- ical events during the year, the status of Russia’s commitments made in Istan- bul in 1999 and the impact of the crisis on low-intensity conflicts in Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Third Wave of African Swine Fever Infection in Armenia: Virus Demonstrates the Reduction of Pathogenicity
    Veterinary World, EISSN: 2231-0916 RESEARCH ARTICLE Available at www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.11/January-2018/2.pdf Open Access Third wave of African swine fever infection in Armenia: Virus demonstrates the reduction of pathogenicity M. A. Sargsyan1, H. E. Voskanyan2, E. M. Karalova2, L. H. Hakobyan2 and Z. A. Karalyan2,3 1. Department of Epizootiology and Parasitology, Armenian National Agrarian University, Yerevan 0009, Armenia; 2. Laboratory of Cell Biology and Virology, Institute of Molecular Biology of The National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia (NAS RA) , 7 Hasratyan St., Yerevan 0014, Armenia; 3. Department of Biology, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia. Corresponding author: Z. A. Karalyan, e-mail: [email protected] Co-authors: MAS: [email protected], HEV: [email protected], EMK: [email protected], LHH: [email protected] Received: 10-09-2017, Accepted: 05-12-2017, Published online: 11-01-2018 doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.5-9 How to cite this article: Sargsyan MA, Voskanyan HE, Karalova EM, Hakobyan LH, Karalyan ZA (2018) Third wave of African swine fever infection in Armenia: Virus demonstrates the reduction of pathogenicity, Veterinary World, 11(1): 5-9. Abstract Aim: First cases of clinically uncommon African swine fever (ASF), caused by virus genotype II are described in this article. These cases occurred in Armenia, Tavush region, Dilijan municipality in 2011. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the new pathogenic forms of ASF in Armenia. Materials and Methods: The isolation and identification of ASF virus (ASFV) were carried out using conventional techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis Report Spsisc
    SOCIAL PROTECTION AND SOCIAL INCLUSION IN ARMENIA , AZERBAIJAN AND GEORGIA SYNTHESIS REPORT European Commission Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion Manuscript completed in 2011 European Commission Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission may be held responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained in this publication. Gesellschaft für Versicherungswissenschaft und –gestaltung e.V. Hansaring 43, D -50670 Köln www.gvg.org Authors: Birgit Garbe-Emden Sabine Horstmann Yvette Shajanian Zarneh © European Union, 2011 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. 2 Table of Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 5 1 Main factors influencing social protection and welfare ............................................................ 9 1.1 Economic trends...................................................................................................................... 9 Macroeconomic development.......................................................................................................... 9 Fiscal policies and state revenues ................................................................................................ 10 Inequalities and remittances.......................................................................................................... 10 Territorial disparities .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Reasons for Delay in Seeking Care for Tuberculosis, Republic of Armenia, 2006–2007
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases Volume 2010, Article ID 412624, 8 pages doi:10.1155/2010/412624 Research Article Reasons for Delay in Seeking Care for Tuberculosis, Republic of Armenia, 2006–2007 Dana Schneider,1, 2 ScottJ.N.McNabb,3 Marina Safaryan,4 Vladimir Davidyants,5 Ludmila Niazyan,6 and Sona Orbelyan7 1 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins University of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30307, USA 2 Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA 3 Public Health Informatics and Technology Program Office, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA 4 Department of Tuberculosis, Yerevan State Medical University, Armenia 5 National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Armenia 6 Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Armenia 7 Mission East, International Relief and Development Organization, Armenia Correspondence should be addressed to Scott J. N. McNabb, [email protected] Received 26 August 2009; Revised 9 February 2010; Accepted 4 March 2010 Academic Editor: Joshua Metlay Copyright © 2010 Dana Schneider et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Armenia, case reports of active TB increased from 590 to 1538 between 1990 and 2003. However, the TB case detection rate in Armenia in 2007 was only 51%, indicating that many cases go undetected or that suspected cases are not referred for confirmatory diagnosis.
    [Show full text]
  • European Association for the Education of Adults 5Th
    European Association for the Education of Adults 5th GRUNDTVIG AWARD 2007 The European Year of Equality of Opportunities through Adult Education: Learning 4Rs PROJECT CONTRIBUTIONS 5th GRUNDTVIG AWARD 2007 The European Year of Equality of Opportunities through Adult Education: Learning 4Rs Project contributions: EUROPE Germany Europe on the Street Raising Awareness of the use of languages Theatre – ideas by exchange and support – TIES Ireland Families and Active Citizenship –an Integrated Training. FACE IT Museums Tell Many Stories: A Learning Partnership on Intercultural Dialogue Latvia Environmental heritage (ENHE) DEAF ARE NOT DEAF Montenegro Integration by Adult Literacy and Vocational Training Serbia Functional Basic Education of Adult Roma UK The Paired Reading Club Parenting in a Multicultural European City OUT OF EUROPE 2 5th GRUNDTVIG AWARD 2007 The European Year of Equality of Opportunities through Adult Education: Learning 4Rs Argentina La Oportunidad de Estar en la Escuela EUROPE 1. Name of the Project Families and Active Citizenship – an Integrated Training. FACE - IT Name of the submitting The Clare Family Learning Project organization: Ms. Mary Flanagan Adult Education Centre, Clonroad Business Park Clonroad Ennis, Co. Clare, Ireland Tel: +353 065 689 76 45 Fax: +353 065 684 05 15 e-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Partners: 1. Euroed, Iasi, Romania. Host of Grundtvig 1 Partnership. www.euroed.ro. 2. Campaign for Learning UK. www.campaign-for-learning.org.uk 3. Espace Pedagogie Formation France, Marseille, France. 4. Centre for Literacy in Primary Education – Family Learning Co-ordinator, London, UK. www.clpe.co.uk 5. IRRE Liguria - The Ligurian Regional Institute of Educational Research,Genoa, Italy.
    [Show full text]
  • 26, Interviewer) George Washington University School of Business, ATTA and Xola Consulting
    1 2 Contents Introduction ................................................................................................ 4 Bibliography .............................................................................................. 13 Trends ......................................................................................................... 4 Appendices ............................................................................................... 21 Demand ...................................................................................................... 4 Segmentation ............................................................................................. 5 Product ....................................................................................................... 5 Choice of Location ...................................................................................... 6 Current Activities on Offer ......................................................................... 7 Potential Activities for the Future .............................................................. 7 Eco - Tourism .......................................................................................... 7 Educational & Environmentally Stable Programs................................... 7 Capacity Building ........................................................................................ 8 Investment ................................................................................................. 8 Stakeholders ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Plants As an Ecosystem Service
    Wild plants as an ecosystem service: Contextualizing sustainability and socioeconomic Impact In rural Armenia Master thesis Miriam Rueger 620176 M.Sc. EnviroFood First examiner: Professor Dr. Claudia Bieling Institute for Societal Transition and Agriculture University of Hohenheim Second examiner: Alen Amirkhanian Acopian Center for the Environment American University of Armenia 10th June 2020 Abstract The relevance of ecosystem services has increased significantly over the past few years in scientific research. Armenia, as a biodiversity hotspot, provides great potential in this regard. This is especially true because ecosystem services are often not quantified and neglected in policy and decision-making processes there. Wild harvest is an activity that is widely acknowledged as an important benefit people obtain from natural ecosystems. However, it remains poorly researched and data availability is fairly limited. The aim of this study was to document wild harvest in rural Armenia and put it in the context of the ecosystem service framework. For that, a total of 23 structured interviews were conducted in four rural Armenian communities. Questions aimed to identify the most important wild plant species and their uses. Further, they tried to capture the sustainability of wild harvest and document a possible decline of biodiversity. Finally, the study intended to record the socioeconomic and cultural dimensions of wild harvest. The respondents listed a total of 68 species that they use for multiple purposes like medicine, cooking, spice, tea, preservation, and as ornamentals and it was consequently possible to capture the importance of wild harvest as a provisioning ecosystem service. However, the study was limited in documenting the overall sustainability of wild harvest and conclusions could only be drawn for specific species in certain communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploratory Study of Public Relations in Armenia
    EXPLORATORY STUDY OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN ARMENIA: GLOBAL VIEW ON LOCAL PRACTICE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF ARTS BY TATEVIK AVETISYAN ADVISOR: DR. DUSTIN W. SUPA BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA MAY 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge the people who have been pivotal in helping me carry out and complete the study on public relations practice in Armenia. I express my deepest appreciation to my chair Dr. Dustin Supa for his valuable guidance and advice on all stages of conducting the study as well as for the knowledge that he shared as my professor and mentor throughout my Master‘s program at Ball State University. My special thanks go to my committee Dr. Susan Chang and Professor Richard Shoemaker. They inspired me to discover more about public relations and about myself by teaching and sharing their expertise. I would like to thank all my professors at Ball State University, who encouraged me to widen my perspectives on academic and professional learning, as well as my friends for the most precious friendships and peer-support network that we have built. I extend my gratitude to all my friends and colleagues in Armenia who have contributed their knowledge and information. They deserve the credit for this study. Without their devoted work in the sphere of public relations it would be impossible to accumulate any data. I am looking forward to sharing the results of the study with them, hoping that they will find this research helpful for continuously expanding and improving the scholarship and practice of public relations profession in Armenia.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF File
    Europe’s Energy Security Gazprom’s Dominance and Caspian Supply Alternatives Svante E. Cornell Niklas Nilsson Editors Europe’s Energy Security: Gazprom’s Dominance and Caspian Supply Alternatives Svante E. Cornell and Niklas Nilsson Editors © Central AsiaAsia----CaucasusCaucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program ––– A Joint Transatlantic Research and Policy Center Johns Hopkins University-SAIS, 1619 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, D.C. 20036 Institute for Security and Development Policy, V. Finnbodav. 2, Stockholm-Nacka 13130, Sweden www.silkroadstudies.org "Europe’sEurope’s Energy Security: Gazprom’s Dominance and CCaspiaaspiaaspiann Supply AlternativesAlternatives" is a Monograph published by the Central Asia – Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program. The Central Asia – Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program is a joint transatlantic independent research and policy center. The Joint Center has offices in Washington and Stockholm and is affiliated with the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University and the Stockholm-based Institute for Security and Development Policy. It is the first Institution of its kind in Europe and North America, and is today firmly established as a leading research and policy center, serving a large and diverse community of analysts, scholars, policy-watchers, business leaders and journalists. The Joint Center aims to be at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security, and development in the region. Through its applied research, publications, research cooperation, public lectures and seminars, it aspires to function as a focal point for academic, policy, and public discussion regarding the region. © Central Asia – Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program, 2008 ISBN: 978-91-85937-09-7 Printed in Singapore Cover photo credits: Bottom left and top right - Courtesy of British Petroleum Azerbaijan.
    [Show full text]
  • Unified Sampling Methodology
    Caucasus Research Resource Centers A Program of the Eurasia Foundation Data Initiative 2007 UNIFIED SAMPLING METHODOLOGY BACKGROUND 1 GENERAL PRINCIPLES 3 SAMPLING FRAMES 3 The Case of Armenia 5 The Case of Azerbaijan 6 The Case of Georgia 7 SAMPLING STRATEGY: AN OVERVIEW 7 DETAILED SAMPLING METHODOLOGY 9 Step 1: Stratification on the macro-level and calculation of the initial sample size 9 Step 2: Calculation of Sample size with DEFF and non-response rate adjustments 9 Design Effect (DEFF) calculations 10 Estimation of Non-Response Rates 11 Step 3: Calculation of the Final Sample Size 13 Step 4: Stratification 14 Step 5: Clusterization 14 The case of Armenia 15 Step 6: Final estimation of sample size by strata 15 USM STRENGTHS: 17 USM LIMITATIONS: 17 i APPENDICES 18 ii List of Tables Table 1: Brief Description of CRRC DI Surveys, 2004-2006 ...............................2 Table 2: List of the Strata in each country ......................................................8 Table 3: Calculation of the Initial Sample Size for each stratum and for the whole country (without DEFF) ................................................................................9 Table 4: Variables from DI 2006 database to estimate DEFF for DI 2007........... 10 Table 5: Estimation of DEFF for each country (based on aggregated clusters) .... 11 Table 6: Estimated non-response rates for DI 2007 in Armenia ....................... 12 Table 7: Estimated non-response rates for DI 2007 in Azerbaijan .................... 12 Table 8: Estimated non-response rates for DI 2007 in Georgia ........................ 13 Table 9: Final Sample Size for Armenia ........................................................ 13 Table 10: Final Sample Size for Azerbaijan ................................................... 13 Table 11: Final Sample Size for Georgia ....................................................... 13 Table 12: Geographical Stratification by Quadrants.......................................
    [Show full text]