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High Bioaccumulation of Cadmium and Other Metals in Patagonian Edible Gastropods

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High Bioaccumulation of Cadmium and Other Metals in Patagonian Edible Gastropods View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CONICET Digital Marine Biology Research ISSN: 1745-1000 (Print) 1745-1019 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/smar20 High bioaccumulation of cadmium and other metals in Patagonian edible gastropods Mónica A. Primost, Mónica N. Gil & Gregorio Bigatti To cite this article: Mónica A. Primost, Mónica N. Gil & Gregorio Bigatti (2017): High bioaccumulation of cadmium and other metals in Patagonian edible gastropods, Marine Biology Research, DOI: 10.1080/17451000.2017.1296163 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2017.1296163 Published online: 08 Jun 2017. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=smar20 Download by: [The UC San Diego Library] Date: 08 June 2017, At: 11:55 MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2017.1296163 ORIGINAL ARTICLE High bioaccumulation of cadmium and other metals in Patagonian edible gastropods Mónica A. Primosta, Mónica N. Gilb,c and Gregorio Bigattia,c aLARBIM – IBIOMAR (CCT CONICET CENPAT), Puerto Madryn, Chubut. Argentina; bLAQUIAE (CCT CONICET CENPAT), LOQYCA-CESIMAR (CCT CENPAT), Puerto Madryn, Chubut. Argentina; cFacultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Puerto Madryn, Chubut. Argentina ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY High concentrations of metals are accumulated by edible marine resources, affecting human Received 4 November 2016 health. Marine gastropods have been commercially captured and consumed in Argentina for Accepted 9 February 2017 decades without official regulations or studies to guarantee their safety. In this study, metals RESPONSIBLE EDITOR (cadmium, aluminium, iron, zinc, copper and lead) were analysed for the first time in the Sharon Hook edible marine gastropods Buccinanops globulosus, Adelomelon ancilla and Trophon geversianus and their surrounding sediments. Taking into account the maximum levels KEYWORDS recommended by national and international regulations for food safety, we recommend Cadmium; human risk; consuming only the foot of these gastropod species. We recommend not consuming these marine pollution; gastropods from harbour areas due to concentrations of lead in sediments and tissues. Neogastropoda; Patagonia Though the target hazard quotient (THQ) of cadmium was not high for the local community, it could be higher for other populations who consume molluscs more frequently, indicating a potential health risk of chronic exposure. Monitoring of these and other contaminants should be performed in order to ensure food safety of these marine resources. Introduction (Regoli & Orlando 1994; Marigomez et al. 2002; Wang Trace elements naturally occur in the sea, while &Ke2002). Since most marine gastropods are edible, environmental levels may be increased by natural pro- many authors have also assessed their potential risk cesses as well as anthropogenic activities. Marine to human consumption due to their ability to accumu- organisms incorporate metals from their surroundings, late toxic metals (Conti et al. 2012a; Copat et al. 2013; depending on abiotic factors as well as on the charac- Bat et al. 2016; Lahbib et al. 2016). teristics of the species, the exposure period and the On the marine coast of Patagonia Argentina, there concentration and chemical speciation of the elements have been many studies of metal accumulation in (Langston et al. 1998). As a result, biota can accumulate abiotic and biotic components (Gil et al. 2006; Conti metals in high concentrations and human health can et al. 2011; Giarratano et al. 2013). However, metal be at risk because of consumption of contaminated content in marine gastropods has only been reported seafood. for the limpet Nacella magellanica (Gmelin, 1791) in Marine molluscs, in particular gastropods, have the Beagle Channel, at the southernmost tip of Argen- widely been used as bioindicators, since several nega- tina (Conti et al. 2012b). tive effects are evident as a consequence of exposure This study was conducted on the west coast of to endocrine disrupters in polluted environments Nuevo Gulf, in Northern Atlantic Patagonia. The most (Meador et al. 1995). Metals have been reported in important economic activities in the region are fish- tissues of marine gastropods such as Nucella lapillus eries, aluminium production and tourism based on (Linnaeus, 1758), Reisha clavigera (Küster, 1860), Tritia local fauna such as the whale Eubalaena australis (Des- reticulata (Linnaeus, 1758) and other species (Bryan moulins, 1822). An important maritime activity has also et al. 1987; Blackmore & Morton 2002; Wang & Ke been developed within Nuevo Gulf. Various species of 2002; Gust et al. 2011). In general, the digestive gland edible gastropods belonging to Nassariidae, Muricidae has been the target of study due to its involvement and Volutidae inhabit this coastal zone. We studied in metabolic processes and its role in detoxification three species: Adelomelon ancilla (Lightfoot, 1786), CONTACT M. A. Primost [email protected] LARBIM – IBIOMAR (CONICET), Bvd. Brown 2915 (U9120ACV), Puerto Madryn, Chubut. Argentina © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2 M.A.PRIMOSTETAL. which feeds on live bivalves and other gastropod Sediment toxicity to biota was assessed by comparison species, and inhabits mixed sediments (Zabala et al. of measured concentrations with national and inter- 2013a); Buccinanops globulosus (Kiener, 1832) (=Bucci- national guidelines. nanops deformis (King, 1832) sensu Scarabino et al. 2006), which feeds on carrion (Bökenhans 2014) and lives buried in muddy sediments (Scarabino 1977); Material and methods and Trophon geversianus (Pallas, 1774), which inhabits Study area and sampling the bivalve complex Brachidontes rodriguezii (d’Or- bigny, 1842)/Perumytilus purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819) Samples were collected in Nuevo Gulf, at four sites with and feeds on them. These gastropods are locally con- different levels of anthropogenic activity: Storni sumed and commercialized albeit without official regu- harbour (SH), Luis Piedra Buena harbour (LPBH) and lations or safety quality controls (Narvarte 2006; Bigatti the beaches of Punta Cuevas (PC) and Cerro Avanzado & Ciocco 2008; Bigatti et al. 2015). Between 2000 and (CA) (Figure 1). The level of anthropogenic activity at 2004, the annual catch of B. globulosus in San Matías these sites has been assessed previously. There are Gulf was up to 9 tons with an estimated price per kilo- two harbours characterized by the presence of com- gram in 2015 of US$7.7. mercial, fishing and recreational vessels (∼700 vessels Metals such as zinc and copper are nutritional per year) (APPM 2016). Moderate levels of trace elements, although they can be toxic in high concen- metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trations. Iron is widely recognized as essential to tributyltin (TBT) were previously recorded in sediments marine organisms (Butler 1998) and aluminium has and bivalve molluscs (Gil et al. 1999; Massara Paletto no known biological function (Exley & Mold 2015). et al. 2008; Bigatti et al. 2009). The PC site is a rec- Lead and cadmium are considered to be toxic even reational area; low trace metals and TBT pollution at low concentrations (WHO 2006). In this paper, we were reported in sediments and marine organisms determined for the first time the metal contents (Bigatti et al. 2009; Di Salvatore et al. 2013; Giarratano (cadmium (Cd), aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), et al. 2013). In contrast, CA is a site with scarce vessel copper (Cu) and lead (Pb)) in the edible gastropods traffic and where diving activities are occasionally per- B. globulosus, A. ancilla and T. geversianus and explored formed. It has been considered as a control site in pol- their potential risk for human health through dietary lution studies related to hydrocarbons, tributyltin and intake. The main substrate where each species booster biocides (Bigatti et al. 2009; Del Brio et al. lives and feeds (sediments and small mussels, 2016). Three gastropod species were collected in a B. rodriguezii/P. purpuratus) was also analysed. unique sampling event. Approximately 30 specimens Figure 1. Sampling sites in Nuevo Gulf. MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH 3 of Trophon geversianus and Buccinanops globulosus (AAS). An air-acetylene flame was used, except for Al (LPBH, PC and CA sites) as well as five specimens of which was measured using a nitrous oxide–acetylene Adelomelon ancilla (SH site) were collected by scuba flame. Unless otherwise indicated, results are reported diving in July 2011. The low number of A. ancilla indi- as µg g−1 of dry wet (for sediments) and wet weight (for viduals collected was due to their scarcity and slow biota). growth. They were still included because this species The total metal content (TMC) in both gastropod is normally consumed locally. Sediment samples (up tissues was estimated as the weighted average of the to 10 cm depth) were collected using plastic cores, at individual contents (Foot + Digestive Gland-Gonad the sites inhabited by A. ancilla and B. globulosus, complex), as follows: which live buried in this substrate most of the time. −1 F weight Small-sized mussels, B. rodriguezii and Perumytilus pur- TMC(mg.g ) = [M](F) × F + DG - G weight puratus, were collected from rocky shores where DG - G weight T.
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