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Versión Evaluada Por Pares JQI5215_proof ■ 2 June 2015 ■ 1/19 Quaternary International xxx (2015) 1e19 55 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect 56 57 Quaternary International 58 59 60 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quaint 61 62 63 64 65 1 Late PleistoceneeRecent marine malacological assemblages of the 66 2 67 3 Colorado River delta (south of Buenos Aires Province): Paleoecology 68 4 and paleoclimatology 69 5 70 6 a, * b c 71 7 Q5 M.P. Charo , E.E. Fucks , S. Gordillo 72 8 a Servicio de Hidrología Naval (CONICET), CABA, Argentina 73 9 b Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo y Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales-LATYR-UNLP, Argentina 74 c 10 Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA, CONICET-UNC), Cordoba, Argentina 75 11 76 12 77 article info abstract 13 78 14 79 15 Article history: The most recent Quaternary marine transgressions are well represented along the South Atlantic coast. In 0 0 80 16 Available online xxx the Colorado River delta (39 15 Se39 55 S), south of Buenos Aires Province these deposits are mostly fi 81 17 littoral ridges and tidal plains with abundant fossil marine fauna. Seventeen localities were analyzed ( ve Keywords: fi 82 18 Pleistocene, seven Holocene and ve modern ones) representing the Interglacials MIS 9, MIS 5e and Molluscs MIS 1. A total of 51 species were recorded (29 bivalves and 22 gastropods), together with nine micro- 83 19 Paleoenvironment molluscs. MIS 1 and the modern coast (37 and 42 species respectively) are the richest ones in species, 84 20 Quaternary unlike MIS 5e and MIS 9 (18 and 2 species respectively). In MIS 9, the most abundant species is Pitar 85 Colorado River delta 21 rostratus. MIS 5e and MIS 1 have in common the presence and abundance of the gastropod Heleobia 86 22 australis and the bivalve Tagelus plebeius, as typical fauna of low energy environments, being the bivalve 87 23 Glycymeris longior and the gastropods Bostrycapulus odites and Buccinanops globulosus common species 88 24 in both kinds of marine deposits. Approximately 90% of bivalves and 75-71% of gastropods of the marine 89 25 fauna are recorded from MIS 5e to the present. According to the different descriptive analyses (Bray 90 e fi 26 Curtis Index and AC) the molluscan fauna was grouped in two and ve assemblages respectively, 91 defined by age, type of deposit, and presence and/or abundance of species. Marine species represented in 27 92 the area of the Colorado River delta vary in abundance among the interglacials but not in faunal 28 93 composition. One of the possible causes would be the global climatic changes (e.g., rise of sea surface 29 temperature SST) and the heterogeneity of habitats that would have conditioned the development of the 94 30 different faunal assemblages during the Quaternary. 95 31 © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 1. Introduction Schnack et al., 2005; Fucks et al., 2010, 2012a) and in the Patago- 101 37 nian coast (e.g. Angulo et al., 1978, 1981; Cionchi, 1987; Rutter et al., 102 38 During Quaternary transgressions, large areas of Buenos Aires 1989, 1990; Rostami et al., 2000; Schellmann and Radtke, 2000; 103 39 and the north Patagonian coast of Argentina were affected by Pedoja et al., 2011; Fucks et al., 2012b). Different authors studied 104 40 processes of accumulation and erosion generated by the different fossil marine molluscs, especially bivalves and gastropods in Qua- 105 41 sea-level oscillations. Contemporary authors studied these deposits ternary deposits of South America (e.g., Martin and Suguio, 1992; 106 42 from geological, geomorphological and paleontological approaches, Díaz and Ortlieb, 1993; Ortlieb et al., 1994, 1996; Guzman et al., 107 43 knowing their chronology in many cases through numerical ages; 1995, 2001; Martínez et al., 1997, 2001, 2006; Maasch et al., 2001; 108 44 in the Buenos Aires Province (e.g. Feruglio, 1950; Fidalgo et al., Ragainia et al., 2002; Jones et al., 2010; Rojas and Urteaga, 2011) 109 45 1973; Weiler, 1984, 1988; Gonzalez et al., 1988; Violante and and particularly in Argentina (e.g., Farinati, 1978, 1985, 1994; 110 46 Parker, 1992; Codignotto and Aguirre, 1993; Isla et al., 2000; Aguirre and Whatley, 1995; Gordillo, 1998, 1999; Aguirre and 111 47 Weiler, 2000; Cavallotto, 2002; Cavallotto et al., 2004, 2005; Farinati, 1999; Pastorino, 2000; Aguirre, 2003; Aguirre et al., 112 48 2005, 2006, 2007; Gordillo et al., 2005, 2008; Gordillo, 2009; 113 49 Cardenas and Gordillo, 2009; Rabassa et al., 2009; Charo et al., 114 50 115 * 2013a,b; 2014) achieving paleoecological, paleoenvironmental, 51 Corresponding author. 116 E-mail address: [email protected] (M.P. Charo). and paleobiogeographic reconstructions for the Quaternary. 52 117 53 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.05.025 118 54 1040-6182/© 2015 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. 119 Please cite this article in press as: Charo, M.P., et al., Late PleistoceneeRecent marine malacological assemblages of the Colorado River delta (south of Buenos Aires Province): Paleoecology and paleoclimatology, Quaternary International (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.quaint.2015.05.025 JQI5215_proof ■ 2 June 2015 ■ 2/19 2 M.P. Charo et al. / Quaternary International xxx (2015) 1e19 1 In the northeast area of the Buenos Aires Province, marine de- deltas” known today as Caleta Brighman, Verde Peninsula, Verde 66 2 posits belonging to MIS 1 were the most studied and most mala- Bay and Falsa Bay (Isla and Bertola, 2003). Verde Bay is an area in 67 3 cological studies have focused mainly on this period. The fossil which the main factor to mobilize the material is the tidal current 68 4 content (valves and shells of molluscs) found in marine deposits of and the currents produced by the waves. In the center of the island 69 5 MIS 5e is generally much cemented (Aguirre and Fucks, 2004), there is a sequence of old sandy beach ridges that continue to the 70 6 difficulting malacological studies. In the southern Buenos Aires outlet of the Colorado Viejo and disappear toward the continent. 71 7 Province, recent studies in the area of Anegada Bay (39 S) and San These beach ridges are bordered by old tidal plains to the north and 72 8 Blas Bay (40 S) described Pleistocene marine deposits of MIS 5e, west. 73 9 analyzing the marine fauna of molluscs (bivalves and gastropods) Islands such as Puerto, Conejos, Word and Ariadna, and sandy 74 10 from a paleoecological and paleoenvironmental approach (Charo banks are distributed within the bay. Among them, Verde Peninsula 75 11 et al., 2013a,b). Both investigations indicate warmer conditions in stands out, a true island during syzygy tides or severe storms 76 12 Q1 MIS 5e, bconsistent with evidence elsewhere (e.g., Murray-Wallace (Weiler, 1984). 77 13 and Belperio, 1991; Mc Culloch and Esat, 2000; Murray-Wallace In the area between the Colorado and Negro rivers, south of 78 14 et al., 2000; Rohling et al., 2008) pointing to sea surface tempera- Buenos Aires Province (39 300 S-41 020 S), there are marine 79 15 tures (SST) about 2 C warmer than today. deposits assigned to the oldest interglacials because of their 80 16 In the Colorado River delta, south of Buenos Aires Province, geomorphological, altimetric and cementation similarity (Fucks 81 17 marine deposits were studied from a geological and geochrono- et al., 2012a). Among them, there are deposits assigned to MIS 82 18 logical view (e.g., Albero et al., 1980; Codignotto and Weiler, 1980; 9 which are scarce, thin, and isolated on the continent (Fucks and 83 19 Gonzalez and Weiler, 1983; Weiler, 1984). The interglacials repre- Schnack, 2011; Fucks et al., 2012a). 84 20 sented are MIS 9, MIS 5e and MIS 1 which mostly correspond to According to Gonzalez et al. (1988) the marine deposits of the 85 21 paleocliffs, littoral ridges, and tidal plains (Weiler, 1984; Fucks et al., Sangamon (?; Late Pleistocene) are represented in the area of the 86 22 2012a). The marine fauna associated with these deposits has been Colorado River delta by paleocliffs associated with coast lines no 87 23 briefly mentioned previously (Weiler, 1984, 2000) but it has not more than 10 m height. The terminal area of the delta is formed by 88 24 been studied, especially the bivalves and gastropods, as “paleocli- the marine deposits of the MIS 1 ingression, which are beach ridges 89 25 matic proxies”. The main objective of this paper is to describe the of intertidal environments (Fucks et al., 2012a). Weiler (1984) 90 26 different faunal assemblages of bivalves and gastropods and to described between Verde Bay and Laberinto Point old tidal plains 91 27 study paleoecologic and paleoclimatic issues of the Colorado River between 5 and 2.5 m height, which are crossed by numerous tidal 92 28 delta during the Quaternary, particularly of MIS 9, MIS 5e and MIS channels, functional today (Fig. 2 and Table 2). 93 29 1. 94 30 3. Materials and methods 95 31 2. Study area and geology 96 32 Seventeen localities were analyzed in the area of the Colorado 97 33 The area of the Colorado River delta extends from Verde River delta (five Pleistocene, seven Holocene and five modern ones) 98 34 Peninsula (39 200 S, 62 40 W) to Otero Island (39 550 S, 62 080 W) representing MIS 9, MIS 5e and MIS 1 (Fig. 3). The analysis of each 99 35 in southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina (Fig. 1 and Table 1). site was made through volumetric samples of 1 dm3 and in a 100 36 The Colorado River runs from the Andes to the Atlantic Ocean, quadrant 1 m  1 m along transects perpendicular to the coast line 101 37 forming the boundary between Patagonia in the south and the in modern beaches.
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