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Black Women in Politics Frontmatter Iii THE NATIONAL POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW EDITORS Michael Mitchell Arizona State University David Covin California State University, Sacramento VOLUME 16 GUEST EDITORS Nikol Alexander-Floyd Rutgers University, New Brunswick JULIA S. JORDAN-ZACHERY Providence College BOOK REVIEW EDITOR Tiffany Willoughby-Herard University of California, Irvine EDITORIAL BOARD Georgia Persons K.C. Morrison Cheryl M. Miller Georgia Institute of Mississippi State University University of Maryland- Technology Baltimore County Lisa Aubrey Duchess Harris Arizona State University Todd Shaw Macalester University University of South Carolina Robert Smith Lorenzo Morris San Francisco State Melissa Nobles Howard University University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Copyright © 2014 by Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, New Jersey. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to Transaction Publishers, 10 Corporate Place South, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854. www.transactionpub.com This book is printed on acid-free paper that meets the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. Library of Congress Catalog Number: 2014009852 ISBN: 978-1-4128-5469-6 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Black women in politics : identity, power, and justice in the new millennium / Michael Mitchell and David Covin, editors ; with Nikol Alexander-Floyd and Julia Jordan- Zachery, guest editors. pages cm “National Political Science Review Volume 16 (2014).” Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4128-5469-6 1. African American women—Political activity. 2. African American women politi- cians. 3. Women political scientists—United States. 4. African Americans—Politics and government—21st century. I. Mitchell, Michael, 1944- II. Covin, David, 1940- III. National political science review. E185.86.B5424 2014 320.082—dc23 2014009852 Contents Editors’ Note ix Guest Editors’ Note xi Special Issue Articles 1 Why Political Scientists Don’t Study Black Women, 3 But Historians and Sociologists Do: On Intersectionality and the Remapping of the Study of Black Political Women Nikol Alexander-Floyd “I Ain’t Your Darn Help”: Black Women as the Help in 19 Intersectionality Research in Political Science Julia S. Jordan-Zachery (Black) Papa Knows Best: Marion Barry and 31 the Appeal to Black Authoritarian Discourse Rosemary Ndubuizu “Talking” about Gender While Ignoring Race and Class: 49 A Discourse Analysis of Pay Equity Debates Julia S. Jordan-Zachery and Salida Wilson I n fl uencing the Political Agenda from the Outside: 67 A Comparative Study of Hausa Women’s NGOs and CBOs in Kano, Nigeria Adryan Wallace Black Women’s Pathways to the Statehouse: 81 The Impact of Race/Gender Identities Nadia E. Brown Taking to the Airwaves: Using Content Analyses of Survey 97 Toplines and Filmographies to Test the “Michelle Obama Image Transformation” (MOIT) Hypothesis Ray Block Jr. and Christina S. Haynes Research Article: Black Urban Leadership 115 Black Mayoral Leadership in New Orleans: 117 Minority Incorporation Revisited Stefanie Chambers and William E. Nelson, Jr. Current Issue Analysis: The Supreme Court’s Shelby 135 County v. Holder Decision Refl ections on Shelby v. Holder 137 Christina Rivers Trends 141 Black Women State Legislators—Electoral Trend Data 1995–2011 143 B. D’Andra Orey and Nadia E. Brown Book Reviews 149 Book Reviews: Special Issue on Black Women in Politics 151 Tiffany Willoughby-Herard Swarns, Rachel L. American Tapestry: The Story of the Black, 153 White, and Multiracial Ancestors of Michelle Obama , reviewed by Wendy G. Smooth Foster, Frances Smith, Beverly Guy-Sheftall, and Stanlie M. James, 156 eds. Still Brave: The Evolution of Black Women’s Studies , reviewed by Brittany Lewis Blackwell, Maylei.¡Chicana Power! Contested Histories of 160 Feminism in the Chicano Movement , reviewed by T. Jackie Cuevas Tucker-Worgs, Tamelyn. The Black Megachurch: Theology, 164 Gender, and the Politics of Public Engagement , reviewed by Stephanie Y. Mitchem Harris-Perry, Melissa. Sister Citizen: Shame, Stereotypes, and 167 Black Women in America (For Colored Girls Who’ve Considered Politics When Being Strong Isn’t Enough) , reviewed by Nadia E. Brown McKittrick, Katherine. Demonic Grounds: Black Women and 170 the Cartographies of Struggle , reviewed by Zenzele Isoke Nealy, Lisa Nikol. African American Women Voters: Racializing 175 Religiosity, Political Consciousness, and Progressive Political Action in U.S. Presidential Elections from 1964 through 2008 , reviewed by Hanes Walton, Jr . Levi, Robin, and Ayelet Waldman, eds. Inside This Place, Not of It: 177 Narratives from Women’s Prisons , Foreword by Michelle Alexander; Richie, Beth E. Arrested Justice: Black Women, Violence, and America’s Prison Nation ; Shigematsu, Setsu, Cameron Granadino, and Jolie Chea. Visions of Abolition: From Critical Resistance to a New Way of Life , reviewed by Ofelia Cuevas Moore, Mignon R. Invisible Families: Gay Identities, Relationships, 181 and Motherhood among Black Women , reviewed by E. Patrick Johnson Clay, Andreana. The Hip-Hop Generation Fights Back: 184 Youth, Activism, and Post-Civil Rights Politics , reviewed by H. L. T. Quan Cohen, Cathy. Democracy Remixed: Black Youth and the 188 Future of American Politics , reviewed by Melina Abdullah The Editors: A Note on Passing: William (Nick) Nelson 191 and Hanes Walton, Jr. Invitation to the Scholarly Community 195 Editors’ Note Volume 16 of the National Political Science Review (NPSR) is a special issue devoted to Black women in politics. Under the leadership of our guest editors, Volume 16 contains a collection of well-researched and tightly argued articles that examine the political expe- riences of African descended women in the United States, the diaspora, and the African continent from Black feminist perspectives. African American women have continuously played a decisive role in the struggle for justice and equality in America. This role stretches across the expanse of the Black political experience and includes such fi gures as Harriet Tubman, Ida B. Wells, Ella Baker, and Fannie Lou Hamer. In more contemporary times, African American women have continued the tradition of struggle as demonstrated by their institutional presence in American politics, serving as Members of Congress and in state legislatures. They have also made their way as elected offi cials and policy makers at all levels and as strategic voting constituencies in national elections. Their counterparts in Africa and throughout the diaspora have undertaken similar efforts. In other words, Black women have carved out a presence whose dynamism deserves close scrutiny and attention. Notwithstanding their more visible roles in the conventional institutions of politics, Black women experience cross pressures that constrain their capacities to exercise power in a variety of domains. Our guest editors focus on this point. They have selected, through peer review, research articles that take as their starting point the concept of intersectionality. Intersectionality is examined throughout these articles in analyzing the cross pressures felt by African descended women as political agents in the domains of elections, public policy, and social activism. Their challenges and initiatives are explored in public spaces, institutional behaviors, and public policy. In the end, Volume 16 of the NPSR makes its contribution to the work of Black feminist scholars whose efforts have expanded our understanding about the dynamics of power in the study of politics writ large. We thank our guest editors, Nikol Alexander-Floyd of Rutgers University and Julia Jordan-Zachery of Providence College, in assembling this NPSR special issue on Black Women in Politics . This volume also contains other works that complement the major articles in this issue. They include an essay on Black leadership, radical versus moderate, in the city of New Orleans and one on the contours of the Shelby v. Holder Supreme Court decision. The editors also introduce a new series comprising tabular representations on selected trends in Black politics. The book review section provides a lively and fully critical discussion on selected recent works related to Black women in politics. This issue also notes the passing of two pioneers in the study of Black politics, namely William (Nick) Nelson and Hanes Walton, Jr. ix Guest Editors’ Note In recent years, we have witnessed increased attention being paid to the concept of intersectionality in the social sciences. As conceived by Black women and other women of color, intersectionality, as an approach to politics and research, accounts for and ad- dresses the mutually constitutive forces of race, class, and gender. Much of the research produced under the rubric of “intersectionality,” however, fails to take into account the extensive literature on the topic, particularly the research and theories produced by Black women or other women of color. Moreover, despite the new-found popularity of intersectionality, there is still a relative dearth of literature on Black women as political subjects and the role of gender in Black politics. Given the role that Black women play in politics—as voters,
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