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%ISCEQMSI-SEHPE^YICTimir$ • YIVE. QUASI • CBflS -HORITURirs.

VOL. XX. NOTRE DAME, INDIANA, MAY 7, 1S87. No. 34.

The writer of this legend then records [Selected.] Its ghostly application in these words: The Scholar and the "World. The image is the Adversary old, Whose beckoning finger points to realms of gold; BY II. W. LONGFELLOW. Our lusts and passions are the downward stair That leads the soul from a diviner air; In Mediaeval Rome, I know not where, The archer, Death; the flaming Jewel, Life; Tliere stood an image Avith its arm in air, Terrestrial goods, the goblet and the knife; And on its lifted finger, shining clear, The knights and ladies, all whose flesh and bone A golden ring with the device, " Strike here!" By avarice have been hardened into stone; Greatly the people wondered, though none guessed The clerk, the scholar whom the love of pelf The meaning that these words but half expressed, Tempts from his books and from his nobler self, Until a learned clerk, who at noonday The love of learning, the sequestered nooks, . With downcast eyes was passing on his way. And all the sweet serenity of books; Paused, and observed the spot, and marked it well, The marketplace, the e'ager love of gain, Whereon the shadow of the finger fell; Whose aim is vanity and whose end is pain! And coming back at midnight delved and found The scholar and the world! The endless strife, A secret stairway leading under ground. The discord in the harmonies of life! Down this he passed into a spacious hall, L.it by a flaming jewel on the wall; And opposite a bi-azen statue stood Union of Soul and Body.* With bow and shaft in threatening attitude. Upon his forehead, like a coronet. Were these mysterious words of menace set: We learn from the physical sciences something", of the properties of matter, such as color and sound; "That which I am, I am; my fatal aim and by a close observation of ourselves we be­ None can escape, not even yon luminous flame!" come acquainted with some of the operations of Midway the hall was a fair table placed, our soul, such as the imagination, love and free­ With cloth of gold and golden cups enchased will. But is it not strange that of all creation man With rubies, and the plates and knives Avere gold: is the greatest riddle to himself? He understands . And gold the bread, and viands manifold. very little of the nature of either materialor spir­ Around it, silent, motionless and sad. itual substances, arid still less how they may be Were seated gallant knights in armor clad. united. That the organs and functions of the body And ladies beautiful with plume and zone. are quite different from the powers of the soul is But they were stone, their hearts within were stone; certain from each one's experience. And that they And the vast hall was filled in every pai-t are so intimately united as to exercise a mutual in­ With silent crowd stony in face and heart. fluence the one upon the. other, cannot be denied Long at the scene, bewildered and amazed. without making of man either a brute or an angel. The trembling clerk in speechless wonder gazed; In the order of creation man is placed between the Then from the table, by his'greed made bold. purely animal and the purely spiritual. He feels He seized a goblet and a knife of gold. at every moment of his life the sensations, produced And suddenly from their seats the guests upsprang^ by the reciprocal relations of the soul and body, The vaulted ceiling with loud clamors rang. and he could no more deny his unity than his own The archer sped his arrow at their call,» existence. Shattering the lambent jeweLon the wall. And all was dark ai-ound and overhead; , * Thesis defended before the St. Thomas Academy, Stark on the floor the luckless clerk laj' dexid! .- Th ursday, May 5, by JOHN, WAGONER, 'S7. 5SO THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

But now we must consider the question which Applying this to the soul and body, he goes on to is the subject of our debate to-night. say that the soul has no real influence over the What is the nature of the union of the soul and body, but by occasion of the volitions of the will bod}-^? Every thinking mind is here confronted God produces the movements in our body. This with a myster}' akin to that of creation; and since statement is contradicted by experience; and if it no man, either philosopher or scientist, has ever were granted, it would be hard to tell what would been able to lift the veil of this secret, so, too, the become of human liberty. Akin to this is the S3's- ra3-ster3' of the union of the soul and body is a tem of pre-established harmonj^ of Leibnitz. Ac­ riddle which can never be solved. It would, then, cording to it, the soul and bod}' are united by God be jiresumption on our part to attempt to give a in such a manner that they, following only the satisfactory' answer to this question. But still we laws of their "natures, act in perfect harmony with ma}'^ examine the different systems that have treated each other, like two clocks which keep time to­ of this subject, and endeavor to defend that which gether without having any real influence over one seems to us best adapted to satisfy the requirements another. This theory cannot be admitted without of our reason. destroying man's liberty, and subjecting the whole It will be admitted that there are in nature three moral world to a real mechanism. As to the phys­ kinds of union. The first and most general is ical influence renewed by Euler,it gives no explana­ purely material. This takes place when two ma­ tion at all. It is true, his comparisons are ingenious; terial objects are joined together by means of the but the soul is neither a spider in the midst of its aflinity which their molecules possess with each web looking for sensations, nor a prisoner shut up other. Although in this case a new compound is in a dark room observing through a hole the im­ formed, yet b}' chemical jjrocesses it may be sep­ pressions made on the extremities of the nerves. arated into parts. The second, which is moral, oc­ The plastic medium only makes the difficult}' more curs, when two or more intelligent beings are asso­ complicated. If, as Cudworth—the inventor of this ciated together to assist and perfect each other—as, theory—maintains, this medium which serves to for instance, in the family and society; and in order unite the soul to the body is partly spiritual and to effect this union, the members place in common partly material, evidently the same question is to be some of their individual qualities, but still each asked, namely: How are these two different parts preserving his personalit3\ united together? The third, deeper and more intimate, consists in There remains one other system,-which to our the union of two substances, diffei"ent in their na­ mind is not only the simplest, but is also the most tures, so as to form one complete being; that is, satisfactory. It was conceived by the genius of Avhere the operations of both substances are re­ Aristotle, accejDted by St, Augustine, and formu­ ferred to one and the same principle. This is lated by the Angelic Doctor. It is as follows: what vv'^e call a substantial union. Whilst in chem­ The union of the soul and body is substantial, so ical combinations the molecules do not penetrate that from two distinct substances results a sub­ each other, but according to chemistry their atoms stance complete in itself in oneness of nature and undergo changes of position, here the two substances person. This is the proposition we will endeavor jjermeate and mutually depend on each other for to establish as briefly as possible. their common work. In the first place, it is clearly evident from ex­ It would be tedious to explain all the theories that perience that the soul and body mutually depend have been invented to account for the union of the on each other; that the one" is perfected by the soul and bod3^ But it will here be sufficient to co-operation of the other; and all men are firmly consider onljf the pi-incipal ones. According to convinced that the body i^eceives all its motions Plato, the soul is like an angel imprisoned in our from the-soul, and that the soul is continually ex­ body, or rules over our actions as a pilot governs periencing sensations through the bodily organs. his ship, as a workman handles his tools, or as a mu­ How could we otherwise account for the distortion sician plays his instrument. With a little thought of the features when we are roused by anger or we see at once that this opinion cannot be accepted; weighed down with grief? How, again, could we for here, evidently, the union is accidental, not real; explain the reason why an excessive application of besides, such comparisons are inadequate. The pi­ the mind wearies the body, and why intoxicating lot does not suffer on account of his ship, nor the liquors, used to excess, completely destroy the pow­ workman on account of the tools which he uses, ers of our mental faculties? And although the whereas the body, when separated from the soul, appetites sometimes obey the will with docility, is nothing but a coi-pse. they often rebel against it with furious energy. A theory directly opposed to this is that of John What is all this, but the result of that most intimate Locke, and especiall)' of modern materialists, main­ union between the soul and body, and which wages taining that the soul is tied down to the organs, and a continual warfare in the double battle-field of has no thoughts or sentiments except such as the conscience and history ? senses give. Such a theory is evidently erroneous. If But what is life? Is it merely the result of it were tnie, we would be deprived of liberty, since mechanical forces? No: because then scientists all our intellectual and moral performances would would be able to reanimate bodies, and they can­ depend on mechanical forces. not give life even to a dried-up plant. Does it, Malebranche taught that there is no action in then, depend only on physiological functions? No, the universe which is riot directly caused by God. again; for, in spite of the wonderful progress made THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 551 in Biolog}', and all the discoveries in which cellular experimentalists glory, they have not found it easy Cfelderon de la Barca. to revive animals. Life in man must be one, and the same soul which in him thinks and makes res­ In the literary history of Spain, Calderon suc­ olutions, being also the vital principle that gives ceeds Lopez de Vega, Don Ruiz de Alarcon and the body its being and subsistence or, in one word, Tirso de Molina, and by the end of his long career, form. No doulit the material properties of the body he has left them in the shade. The first of these, arc subject to ph3'sical or mechanical laws, and may his master, foretold his glory; that of the other even be analyzed by chemistry, but the soul is what tw^o was eclipsed by his. Less perfect in style than. makes the body human. And why is this? "Be­ Lopez, perhaps not of as inventive a genius as cause," the Angelic Doctor says, " the body is made Alarcon, he in every respect shows himself as a , for the soul, and vice versaj were it not so, their dramatic poet, moi-e noble, more touching, more union would be without purpose." Why, again? serious, than those w^hose glorious names are op­ " Because," continues the Angel of the Schools, " a posed to his. His noble figure, never touched by superior force eminently contains all that is con­ adversity, shines out thi"ough all the age as the tained in inferior-beings." Consequently, the rea­ leading figure; that figure appears with the age;: sonable soul in man gives to his body whatever grows, rises, and disappears only when Spanish the sentient form imparts to animals, and the vege­ dramatic art is disappearing. We allude here only tative to plants, and besides this, something else. to the highest effort of that art, that which inspired By this "something else" he means the substantial the author of the « Cid." union which exists between the soul and body. Don Pedro Calderon de la Barca belonged to It is useless, not to say absurd, to suppose in man, the ancient nobility; amongst the moimtains of a kind of indefinite vital principle ruling over the Burgos used to be shown the " Solar," the heredi- animal life? If such a theory were true, how could tarj' mansion occupied by his ancestors for centuries. you account for man's unity? How could he be re­ By his mother, the genealogists trace him back to. sponsible for his actions if he always had the plausi­ the sovereign princes of Hainault. However, he ble excuse of being unable to do otherwise? The was born in Madrid, January 17, 1600. One of truth is, the soul which performs intellectual and his most faithful interpreters, Angliviel, remarks moral operations actually determines the body. very sensibly upon his high origin: "This is now Two conditions ai"e required for a substantial form, a matter of very little moment. There was a time namely: first, that this form should determine an­ when the Calderons de la Barca, Barreda, and the other being to a particular species; second, that both Counts of Hainault, shed a lustre on the poet; now united should form one complete substance. In the his ancestors are honored by him." human compound both of the conditions are fulfilled; At the age of nine 3'ears Calderon entered the it is the soul, as the form of the body, that elFects Jesuit College at Madrid. Such was his rapid prog­ the human species and the human pei'sonality. The ress in his studies that his name might be placed soul by itself is not human, much less the body; but amongst those of celebrated children. At the age both united together form one complete substance, of thiiteen he wrote a play called El Carro del' which we call man. Cielo. Notwithstanding this unheard-of precocity Therefore it is that life in man, in all its degrees, in poetical talent, if we seriously examine what brings us to the logical conclusion that the soul young Calderon knew when, at the age of fourteen, forms in him a unity of nature. Therefore, the un­ he went to the University of Salamanca to prepare ion of the soul and body is not merely accidental, but for his degrees, w^e should be surprised at how little permeates the two substances, which are, as it were, he had learned. If he had made some progress in knitted so closely together as to receive thereby a theological sciences and knew Latin passably, he projDer name—"substantial union." was far from having that smattering of general Finally, do we not at every moment feel simple knowledge so much in vogue nowadays. Like his and extensive, changeable and identical, one and predecessor, Lopez de Vega, he might have placed compound? Do not imagination, di^eams, even in^ Paris on the shores of the Atlantic and filled the, sanit}'^, clearly show to us that most intimate union plains around St. Denis with forests of olive trees. which exists between the soul and body? Is not As his apology, I'ead once moie his illustrious con- language itself a collection of material signs to ex­ temporary Shakspeare, and dwell a little on these • press intellectual concepts? How insignificant is words of a man who has well explained the diffu- " love when concealed in the bottom of the heart! sion of knowledge in our days, and the increase of . but give it the charms of the human voice, and it indispensable information, by the ceaseless activity . becomes at once the incentive of devotedness and of travel and of periodical literature: "The high­ the parent of eloquence and poetry. O man! this is est conception of sages, who, to acquire them, had thy lot that in a vessel of clay breathes an immortal need to lengthen their days, have become the milk , spirit, an incorruptible substance, the source and of children." . . ., centre of a noble personality, hy which thou canst It is supposed that young Calderon devoted his place 'upon the head of human nature a crown of special, attention to law; but it is not known why imperishable glorj^! he voluntarily gave up the advantages that,he ^—. c-^ might derive from it. At the age of twenty-four No PLEASURE is comparable to the standing we find him following the military career. He upon the vantage ground of truth. serves first in Italy; he remains for sorpe time at 552 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

Milan, where he acquired a familiarit}'^ with those In 1651 Calderon was ordained priest, as Lopez masterpieces of literature of which the ingenious de Vega had been in 1609; "not, like the latter," Marini was then considered the leading spirit. He some one has remarked, "as a penance or expia­ then passed into Flanders. The results of the two tion for the disorders of his youth, but because his journeys were very different, but this brilliant gen­ religious convictions naturally led him to this step." ius derived much benefit from them. In his lei- This was a triumph for the clergy of Madrid; but, suie moments Calderon already wrote autos and we may add, no sacrifice was required as regarded comedies. He had written some incognito^ as it his dominant inclinations, and, as is remarked by were, at college and the university; in camp, his do­ Baret, the French historian of Spanish literature, mestic and warlike pieces were successful. Philip it was by an express permission that he joined the IV who, as is well known, prided himself on be­ priests of Madrid. "Philip IV gave him the title ing a mj'^sterious genius who held swaj"^ over the of Chaplain of the Royal Convent of Toledo, San dramatic poetry of his day, called him to court;* Juan de los Reyes, with permission to reside at but at court, we must confess, Calderon's position Madrid, so as not to interrupt his dramatical la­ was not agreeable, and especially it did not suit bors." the tastes of a free genius. He had to limit him­ Notwithstanding his new duties,- he did not cease self to the composition of occasional pieces for the to write for the theatre; on the contrary, it would festivals gotten up b}' the king. Nevertheless, the seem as if the character which he had assumed reputation of the young officer as a poet was al- gave to his powerful imagination a new impulse. read}' so great that in 1629 Lopez de Vega, who The confraternities of Madrid and of the principal had then reached the pinnacle of fame, spoke thus cities of Spain would not celebrate a feast wnthout of him—the Muse addresses the river Manzanares, having a religious drama from Don Pedro Calderon. and points out him whom the inspired old man, by It is well known that in these autos sacrmnentales a noble choice, looks upon as his successor: is to be found, if not the greatest dramatic interest, " Thou wilt know him if I draw his portrait. at least the most originality. In speaking of him whose name is celebrated from Respected no less than admired b}'^ the public, the mountains, whence thou derivest ^ihj origin there was nothing wanting to his glory. Still, the even to those that are watered by the venerated favor of the court was eclipsed at the death of fountains of the Pindus, thou wilt name Don Pedro Philip IV: the courtiers turned from him, but the Calderon de la Barca. This is truth that I utter, people remained faithful. In 1665, when Charles not flatter}^ In the harmony and vigor of his II was about to grasp the sceptre, which he wielded st^de he soars to the summit of both mountains." with such a feeble hand, we are told that the cata­ Calderon remained at the court as master of the falque on which the royal coffin was to be placed feasts till 1636, one year after the death of Lopez was raised in the spacious hall used for the royal de Vega. A high distinction rewards the zeal by plays, and there the bod}'^ of Philip IV was to be which he gave up his own tastes, and he was dec­ blessed. This blessing, given in a place sacred to orated with the order of Santiago. At this time emotions of a very different kind, this strange sol­ he still belongs to the army, and, notwithstanding emn adieu to a king so enthusiastically devoted to all the honors with which he is surrounded, he comedy, in the very temple of the comedian, was calls.the fact to mind when the honor of his coun­ a singular renunciation of worldly pomps. Charles try is in question. Catalonia rises in rebellion, and II detested the theatre. the caballei-os of the militarj^ orders are convoked But this did not turn the poet aside from his to suppress the revolt. He wishes to join them. chosen career; he continued to supply the stage Philip IV desires to retain the poet, and orders with new master-pieces, his first idea being to be him to write a comedy. In a few daj^s. El Certa- serviceable to religion. Hence Solis, the celebrated men del Amory Celos is composed, and the young historian, a dramatic author himself, was able to officer rejoins his flag. At his return he resumes say of a master whom he venerated: "Like the his former duties, but a suitable income is settled swan, he died singing." Calderon departed this on him: he receives a monthly allowance of thirty life. May 25,' 1681,* whilst engaged on an auto o-old crowns, and is honored with the title of chief sacramental which he had promised to a religious • 1 director of the royal festivals. societ}'^, and which was finished by another hand. His life from this time furnishes no remarkable Modern biographies, which contain many erro­ incidents; it glides by smoothly in the performance neous dates in regard to tliis poet, are not moi'e of good works and in the composition of dramati­ exact when they pretend to give the number of cal pieces which have immoitalized his name. In his Avorks; they have unhesitatingly ascribed to his tranquil existence, as well as by his happy gen­ ius, Calderon is a consoling exception to those tales * And notin-i6S7, as has often-been asserted, doubtless of sorrow and undeserved miseries of which the in consequence of a first typographical error. His mortal remains were placed in the Church of San Salvador. A poets of the time of Cervantes were subjects. monument Was there erected to, him in 1S40. His body was afterwards transferred to the splendid Church of * The titles of the pieces at which Piiilip IV labored can Atocha. Hatzenbusch, Zamacola, and several other dis­ be found in many modern collections of books. After the tinguished writers, have seized this occasion to celebrate title follow these words: Por tin ingenio desta. cdrte. Ac­ the genius of the greatest dramatic poet produced by Spain. cording, to the best critics, ^«;' stj. vida j>or su dama seems Such was the reputation of Calderon for virtue, that it was to be the work of this prince. In all probability he had but proposed to seek for him from Rome the honors of beatifi­ an insignificant part in the composition of the others. cation. ' THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 553

him a fecunditjf equal to what is claimed with ances, nuisances, frauds, etc. It applies also to debt much exflggeration for Lopez de Vega, making on a judgment, specialtj' and simple contract. Debt him author of no less than fifteen hundred plaj-^s, and detinue may be joined in one action, as.the some of which, however, they admit were not judgment is the same in both, with this exception, printed. It is well to correct this exaggeration, namely, that the former refers to the recovery of which can easily be done with the help of the able money, while the latter has reference to specific Ticknor. The entire collection of Calderon's pieces chattels. But such joinder of causes of action contains one hundred and eleven dramas and sev­ would not be proper under the code, as one requires enty auto sacrameutales. It was not by the poet a summons asking for the recovery of a specific himself that his early jjieces were printed: his sum of money, and the other a summons asking brother took charge of this work, and in 1640 a for relief, etc. volume appeared for the first time, containing only Actions requiring different judgments at com­ twelve plays. Another collection appeared during mon law cannot be joined, for there can be but one Calderon's life, which contained but forty-eight. judgment, as quod 7'ecu-pcret—that he recover—in vSixty of his dramas were circulating at the time in one action. Trespass and case cannot, under the manuscript.* Ribadineira has reproduced these strict rules of common law, be joined, as the tres­ masterpieces of the ancient Spanish drama in his pass requires the judgment cafiatttr^ and case mi­ sjDlendid collection. We need not quote the remarks sericordia. Again, the joinder of different demands of Schlegel and of Mme. de Stael on the Constant is not allowed in any case where it would necessi­ Prime^ the Alcalde of Zamalca^ the Physician of tate the blending of different forms of action, even His Orvn Honor and the beautiful' drama called though the same judgment would be applicable to Secret Revenge for Secret Out)-age. We fully all of them. Hence, account, assumpsit, debt and concur in opinion with a recent French translator: covenant broken cannot be joined. " It is impossible to rise from the perusal of one of As these latter actions are founded upon contract, his plaj's, especially those that have a tragic ter­ a summons upon contract, under the Code, virhich mination, without feeling one's soul more or less abolishes the common law forms, would cover all expanded and strengthened. Jean-Jacques Rous­ of them. But should the covenant refer to the seau, who condemned the influence of the theatre performance of a specific act, the claim would be so severely, would doubtless have applauded Cal- for unliquidated or unascertained damages, and not deron." C. to recover a sum certain, or liquidated damages, and hence the summons would have to be one ask­ * The able Salva gives the titles of one hundred and ing relief, etc. thirty-five plays of Cal'deron; they are to be found in his famous Catalog-lie of Sj>aiiisJi and Portuguese Books, piib- An action ex delicto or in tort cannot be joined li shed at London, in 1826, a publication now very rare. with an action ex contractu. Where there is a B ut the most complete biography of the works of the poet joinder of causes of action, or of counts which the is to be found in the Catdlogo Bibliogrdfco y Biograjico del law does not permit to be joined, it is fatal to the Tcatro Antiquo MsJ>a:tol, por D. Gayetano Alberto de la 13arrera y Legrado. Madrid, 1S60. declaration on demurrer, or on motion in arrest of judgment after verdict, or writ of error. How­ ever, if in the case of a misjoinder of counts a ver­ dict is found for the plaintiff on one count, or on Pleading's. two or moi'e counts that are well joined, and for the defendant on the other, the misjoinder is cured. (CONTINUED.) Misjoinder is not to be confounded with duplic­ An action in assumpsit on a contract voidable ity, which is simply a fault in form. Duplicity for fraud affirms the contract, while an action in means the joinder in one and the same, count of trover disaffirms it. If credit has been given, the different grounds of action to enforce a single right vendor must sue upon the express contract or in of i-ecovery. It is a fault in form, as it tends to tort. He cannot maintain an action on the common prolixity and confusion. It is a ground of demur­ counts before the term of .credit has expired. An rer under the Code, as well as at common law, attaching creditor of a fraudulent vendee cannot although under the Code it is called "an improper hold the property as a bona fide purchaser against uniting of causes of action." The plaintiff may, the defrauded vendor. with leave of court, amend the declaration by strik­ In case there be several causes of action of the ing out the faulty counts and leaving on the record same nature between the same parties, all accruing such only as are propei'ly joined, and if there be to the plaintiff in the same right, and against the no demurrer he -may enter on the record a nolle defendant in the same capacity, they may be joined prosequi as to the defective counts. This is known by different counts in the same declaration. But under the Code as withdrawing or abandoning one such causes of action generally require the same of two causes of action improperly joined. Should issue and judgment, as " not guilty " and a capiatur he bring several actions on different demands'sus- or. misericordia. The rule applies to several cov­ ceptible of being joined in one action, a motion by enants, although contained in different deeds; to dif­ the defendant that he be compelled to consolidate ferent promises, although some be in writing, and them will generally be granted. Thus , the plain- - others not; to several trespasses, as false imprison­ tiff may be required to in§ert all the declarations in ment, assault and battery, etc.; also, to slander, mali- the different actions as so many counts in one dec- • pious prosecution, breach of trust by agents, disturb­ laration. 554 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

It is also a fault to plead double. For example, ditional incidents of enormity would be no more if the obligee in a penal bond declare speciallj^ than matters of aggravation, and it would be un- upon it by stating the condition and assigning more necessarj' either to prove or to make answer to them. than one breach, the declaration is said to be double. A sufficient answer to the gist of the action, or the At common law a single breach causes a forfeiture breaking and entering, would be a sufficient de­ of the whole penaltj^, and the statement of-several fense to the whole declaration, inclusive of all or rejjeated breaches could do no more. matters of aggravation. That which defeats the Treated as declarations, avowries conform to the real cause of action necessarily renders its incidents rules governing declarations in personal actions. unavailing. Treated as special pleas in bar, they have the prop­ Nothing but facts as they exist or are fairly pre­ erties of other pleas of that kind. Avowries and sumed to exist should be stated. Fictions in plead­ cognizances differ from each other merely in name. ing seldom occur; but whenever used they are The}'^ partake of the natui"e both of declarations generally set out in the declaration. As they can­ and special pleas in bar. However, the}' are or­ not be traversed, they need no proof. They are dinarily treated as pleadings on behalf of the de­ allowable only as links in the chain of pleadings— fendant in i^eplevin, and are peculiar to that action. to fill breaks or intervals. They may state that an Where the defendant justifies, and claims a i-eturn agreement is express, as in indebitattis assjimpsit^ of the goods, etc., or damages, he begins his plead­ when it rests upon a mere implication of law. The ing by declaring that he " well avows the taking " fact that an agreement is implied appears only in of the goods, etc. He-.then proceeds to state his evidence, and not upon the record.

claim, as rent due, damage caused b}'^ the plaintiff's (TO BE CONTINUED.) cattle, and the like. Should he justify as servant of another, and in the latter's right, he would be­ gin by saying that he " well acknowledges the tak­ ing," etc. This would be a cognizance. Should Scientific Notes. there be simply matter of justification, and no claim of judgment quod recuperet, an avowry or cogni­ —M-. Ligner, an Austrian meteorologist, claims zance would be improper. to have ascertained, after careful investigation, that Anything that sufficiently appears in the plead­ the moon has an influence on a magnetized needle ings without a"f ormal allegation need not be averred varying with its phases and its declination. The in express terms. For example, in a covenant to phenomenon is said to be moi^e prominently notice­ stand seized to uses, which is a conversance founded able when the moon is near the earth, and to be upon the considei^ation of kindred or marriage, if very marked when she is passing from the full to it be shown that the deed is from a father to son or her first or second quarter. The disturbances are other near relative, it is unnecessary to aver that found to be at their maximum when the moon is the conveyance was made in consideration of kin­ in the jjlane of tlie equator, and greater during the dred, as kinship is apparent from the relationship southern than it is during the northern declination. stated. And circumstances necessarilj'^ implied in any fact stated in express terms need not be sepa­ —America has longf been celebrated the world rately set out. over as the home of enormous crystals, and the pro­ All facts properly stated in pleadings consist, ist, digious specimens of apatite, beyrl, and other min­ of the gist of the complaint or defense; 2d, of mat­ erals have been the subject of wonderment. But ter of inducement; 3d, of matter of aggravation. among these the crystals of spodumene, brought to Everything else is surplusage. Consideration in view by the excavations in the Etta tin mine in assumpsit, conversion in trover, etc., are of the gist Pennington county, Dakota, are believed to be of the action. Inducement refers to matters intro­ without a rival in respect to size. According to ductory to and explanatory of the substance of the the report made on this subject by Prof. Blake, it complaint or defense. For example, in an action • apjDcars that one of these crystals is thirty-six feet for a nuisance to property, the plaintiff's possession in length in a straight line, and from one to three of the property is a matter of inducement. This feet in thickness. The cleavage is smooth and does not generally admit of a distinct denial or pre­ straight, but the lateral and terminal planes are de­ cise answer of any kind. It need not be directly scribed as being obscure. traversed. The intent or motive that inspired the —It is not genei'ally known that the ordinary commission of an act is seldom necessary; but when meerschaum of pipe-bowls, tips, and ornaments is it is malicious and can be so proved, it is well to a true mineral. It is found in considerable beds in state it in aggravation of damages. The words the Crimea, the Island of Negropont, and in Asia " wrongfully intending" sufficiently express mal­ Minor. In chemical constitution it is a combina­ ice. Matter of aggravation refers to forcible in­ tion of magnesia, carbonic acid gas, and water. juries, and is intended to show the circumstances The,largest and best pieces are sent to Vienna, of enormity under which the wrong particularly while the smaller bits are purchased for the North complainedof was committed. For example, should German industry. At the little Dorf of Ruhla, the plaintiff, in an action of trespass, supplement a distant sixteen, kilometres from the historic Eisen­ statement that his house was broken and entered, ach, is the centre of the business. The export of with an averment that the defendant then and there finished "products from that village alone amounts beat his servants and scattered his goods, these ad­ to several millions annually. The beds of meer^ THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 555 schaum are owned by the Tiu-kish Government, under pain of severe punishment, so as to prevent but are worked by European capital. About 4000 them from assisting at religious services. men are employed at the mines. —Here's another story of a Boston child. His —The International Astronomical Congress at teacher was explaining to the class that "vicissi-. Paris adopted the following i-esolutions: tude" meant "change," and asked him to construct First—^Thata photographic chart of the heavens shall be . a sentence in which the word should properly ap­ made. pear. The boy promptl}' offered the following: Second—^That this is to be accomplished by exactly simi­ " My mother sent me to the grocery store this lar instruments in all the different countries. Tiiird—The principal objects to be kept in view are to morning for the vicissitude of a $5 bill." prepare a photographic map of the heavens as thej exist at — The Boston Journal of Education says: "One one given time, and to determine the positions and size of all of the best business men we know was a dreadfully the stars up to no given magnitude with the greatest pre­ cision possible, and to provide the best method to utilize stupid boy in numbers; one of the best writers the results obtained. could not spell 'which' without a 't;' one of The congress then elected a technical committee the best orators was a wretched reader in his first of nineteen members to report upon the kind and school year; one of the best teachers was mischie­ size of instruments to be employed, the scale of vous almost to viciousness. Discordant notes in photographic maps, and other matters of a technical childhood do not necessai'ily mean lack of harmony nature. or success in life." —The construction of watches without hands has —In Bavaria the maj'or of a little town was lately attracted some attention, the usual hands ordered by the higher authorities to make out a list being replaced by figures denoting the hour and of the dogs kept by the inhabitants. He did so, minute, which appear at openings in the dial plate; and the list read as follows: the mechanism is simple, and only a few more parts The school teacher a dog are required than in an ordinary watch. Two The pastor a dog wheels are used to denote the minutes—one, which The doctor a dog Myself -.a dog moves forward once a minute, being geared to a All of us together four dogs second one, marked with the ten-minute figures, and every ten minutes a tooth on the first wheel —Prof. W. C. Ti'owbridge, of the Columbia engages with the teeth on the second, moving it School of Mines,' who is a specialist in animal forward one figure. Thus, every minute of the mechanics, says that at the rate of speed at which hour is shown on the face of the watch, and, at its college four-mile boat races are rowed, the average completion, both minute wheels show two ciphers, oarsman's stored-up energy cannot last further than and are ready to begin the round again; the hour the third mile. The last mile is a dead pull on the is shown on a separate wheel, and an ordinary hand vital organs and only a test of the soundness of indicates the seconds. Of the advantages of this lungs and heart. The Professoi^'s figures show kind of watch, it is remarked that few people read that during the twenty-one minutes of a race each the time of an ordinary watch accurateh'; and, if college man does the work of seven strong men. the experiment is tried of glancing at the face in —The Catholics of France are solving theedu- the usual manner, and then naming the time, it will cational question in their own way. The Govern­ be found that an error of from half a minute to ment withdrew from the theological faculties of three minutes will be generally made. With the the Catholic Church all financial aid, and the lat­ new watch, it is claimed, no error can possibly ter thereupon at once began to establish universi­ occur, and there is the added advantage that, at the ties of their own, over which they could have ab­ end of every minute, an audible click is sounded solute control. In the last ten years no less than as the number changes, by which one can measure five such schools have been organized and all are in short intervals of time, even at night. good working order. They are situated at Paris, Lille, Toulouse, Lyons and Angers. The Protes­ tant faculties are still supported by the State, but College Gossip. it is every year becoming more and more difficult to persuade the Government to grant the pittance. —The Senior class of Princeton have decided to —The alumni of the University of Paris num­ pay the expense of lighting the college campus bered nearly 11,000 last year. Of these, no fewer with electricity as a class memorial, than 3,786 were studying for the legal profession, —The first college'journal at Harvard was pub­ while 3,696 were attending the "courses in the lished in 1810, and was called the Harvard Ly- school of medicine. Pharmacy engaged the at­ ccian. Among the editors was Edward Everett. tention of 1,767 students, letters of 93S, and science —" Professor," said a graduate, trying to be of 467. The faculty of theology is very far from pathetic, at parting, " I am indebted to you for all being as flourishing as it was in the days of Abe- I know."—" Pray don't mention such a trifle," said lard, only thirty-five young men having attended the Professoi'—Ex. the lectures in this department in 1SS6. The fe­ —Another evidence of tyrannical Italian Civil male students numbered 167, of whom 108 were Law has been given in the recent issue of a circular qualifying themselves for a medical career, while by the Director of Public Schools, compelling the 51 were engaged in literary studies. There were attendance of the children on holidays of obligation, seven lady scientists, and only one lady lawyer. 556 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

all branches of science. The subjects have been classified under three heads, as follows: " The first includes philosophic and economic science, and treats of natural theology, general metaphysics and cos- Notre Bame, May 7, 1887. molog}*^; psychology, natural law and political The attention of the Alumni of the University of Notre economj^ To the second class belong physical and Dame and others, is called to the fact that the NOTRE natural science, and in it are included mathematics DAME SCHOLASTIC has now entered upon the TWEN­ and astronomy; physics and chemistr}'^; zoology, TIETH 3'ear of its existence, and presents itself anew as a candidate for the favor and support of the man}' old friends biologj^and physiologj'; geology and paleontology, who have heretofore lent it a helping hand. anthropology, ethnography and philology. In the THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC Contahis: third class are included the historical sciences, and choice Poetrj', Essays, and the current Art, Musical, Lit­ under this head will be discussed c[uestions con­ erary and Scientific Gossip of the day ; nected with the Scriptures and the history of the Editorials on questions of tlieday, as well as on subjects Church. It will also embrace wiiat has become connected with the Universitj' of Notre Dame; Personal gossip concerning the Avhereabouts and the suc- known in recent times as the ' science of religions' . cess of former students; as well as Christian archaiology." All the weekly local news of the University', including It is expected that this congress will be the prel­ the names of those who have distinguished themselves ude to regular annual meetings which will do not a during the week by their excellence in Class, and by their general good conduct. little towards the advancement of scientific progress. Students should, take it; parents should take it; and, above all, OLD STUDENTS SHOULD TAKE IT. Terms, Sijo fer Annum. Postpaid. The American Oatholio University. Address EDITOR NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC, Notre Dame, Indiana. The plan of the proposed American Catholic If a subscriber fails to receive the SCHOLASTIC regularly University has been formally approved by the Holy he will confer a favor by sending us notice immediately See. In a brief addressed to Cardinal Gibbons, each time. Those who may have missed a number, or Archbishop of Baltimore, the Pope speaks of the numbers, and wish to have the volume complete for bind­ ing, can have back numbers of the current volume by great work accomplished for education by his pred­ applj'ing for them. In all such cases, early application ecessors, who, from the beginning, were the found­ should be made at the office of publication, as, usually but ers or promoters of celebrated universities and few copies in excess of the subscription list are printed. colleges thi'oughout Europe. Like them, he too has had ever at heart the revival and spread of learning throughout the world; and with this end A Oatholic Scientific Congress. in view he has " disvoted special attention to the restoration and re-establishment in their primitive The objection that the Catholic Church is op­ honor of the teachings of St. Thomas of Aquinas, posed to Modern Science and its progress has been with the idea that in the cultivation of these im­ frequently urged in face of the fact that amongst portant .studies a full account should be taken of the most distinguished scientists in every country the results of the industry of learned men attained in the world, a prominent, and, in many instances, in recent times, in order that a system of philoso­ the leading place, is taken by those who believe in, phy might be shaped according to the. noble wis­ and faithfully practise, the teachings of the Church. dom of the ancients, and that we might walk with But the refutation of this objection^ will be em­ docile zeal in the footsteps of the Angelic Doctor." phasized beyond all possibility of cavil, by the In­ The Hol}'^ Father directs that the proposed Uni­ ternational Congress of Catholic scientists, which versity shall be under the guidance of a specially will meet in Paris during Easter week of the coming selected committee of bishops. The choice of the year, and whose presence and deliberations will site is left to them, and Bishop Keane, of Richmond, show before the world that in the present as in the is approved as Rector. past the Church is the promoter of all true ^^rogress It is well known that Washington has been se­ in art, literature and science. lected as the site of the University, and that before The congress will make it its business not, in­ long, Miss Caldwell's munificent foundation gift deed, to formulate " any special theories of its own, of $300,000, now increased by subscriptions to but after surveying the results of modern research $800,000, will be utilized in the erection and es­ in every departiiient of science, to separate ascer­ tablishment of the first buildings from which the tained facts and laws from loose and unsupiDorted University shall spring. K Roman correspondent theories; and even where -the former may at first of the New T'ork Sun, with apparent authentic sight seem to clash with the teaching of religion, exactness, thus sets forth the plan to be followed: to accept them frankly and fairly, fully convinced " At first, all the means will be expended upon a that deeper research and further inquiry will re­ seminary, having all the. skeleton apparatus of a sult in proving that the contradiction is only ap­ university, for the higher culture of candidates for parent, and that between the two orders of truth the priesthood. Here clerical students can be sent there must exist the most perfect harmony." to acquire a broader knowledge of what they haye . Committees have been appointed to consider, and been studying. Under the direction of skilful pro­ specialists will treat of every .subject pertaining to fessors, they will listen to the most eminent lecturer^ THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC, 557 that can be secured, who will treat, not of the ele­ frequently to belong to minds of a high order; but ments of learning, but of the philosophy of the it is in nowise an evidence of superior intellect, various sciences. Thus, the student will not be since we often observe that those completely devoid expected to go through history books conning facts of mental capacity in any other direction are the chapter b^'^ chapter, as he did at school and college. most perfect wags. He will be supposed to know these already, and Playfulness, like our appetite for food and drink, the lecturer will treat of the philosophy of history our love to accumulate pi'operty, our desire to in its breadtii, of the causes of the rise and fall of please, or any other of our animal inclinations, is nations, of the origin and relation of races, and the liable to prove excessive, and the inveterate Joker general vicissitudes of humanity. The same rule commands no more respect than does thegourmand, applies to canon law, morals, the natural sciences, the tippler, the miser or the coxcomb. This we and every other branch of inquiry. The chief know by experience and observation of society. good to be secured by this process is not the acqui­ The merry-andrew is welcome to most circles, not sition of facts, but the enlargement of the student's because he is esteemed, but because he furnishes thinking power. If he is devoting himself to a pastime; and of those who applaud and laugh at specialty, he unlearns that habit of the mind to his comic attitudes and expressions, few would de­ think his own line the onlv one in the woi'ld, and sire to exchange places with him; for.to be known learns that rational creatures are pursuing various as a clown is not an enviable reputation, since levity other branches. When this branch of the univer­ carries with it its own condemnation; and manyra sity is thoroughly established, it is hoped that other poor mirth-maker has been known to respond to colleges will grow up around it, as at Oxford and the declaration of Dr. Valentine, the distinguished Cambridge, in this respect challenging that natural comedian, who acknowledged to his physician that propensity of a rich man to found a comjDlete col­ he had " never experienced five minutes of happi­ lege by himself, without merging his contribution ness in his life." into the common fund. We would not be understood to undervalue the " No religious order will have control of the uni­ office of wit and humor, for they are by no means versity, and the member of no I'eligious order will insignificant; yet,like fire-arms, they are dangerous be excluded from a professorship because of his in the hands of the ignorant, the indiscreet, or the order. It would be a somewhat heavy weight to unprincipled. To barb the shafts of merited re­ place the institution in any exclusive hands, for it buke, or to furnish innocent pastime in the hours is intended to be the coping stone of Catholic devoted to mental relaxation, are objects of no small education in America, and to draw from every col­ importance; and they furnish the legitimate.op­ lege within the bounds of the United States. The portunities for the use of wit in its broad sense; professors will be selected on the ground of their and ridicule is, indeed, the most potent of all weap­ fitness, and the best men will, if possible, be se­ ons against any abuse, since there is nothing all cured, regardless of the fact whether they be Jes­ men more fear to invite, and nothing which appeals uits, Dominicans, Benedictines, secular priests, or more directly to the common mind. Reason is laymen. Mr. St. George Mivart will be offered reserved for the thoughtful few. the chair of natural science or biology, but it is not Fortunate would it be'for the human race could expected that he will accept. He is comfortably " the lausfh" be turned asrainst none but the un- fixed where he is, and is devoted to the studies the deserving and viciou*^; but this is not the case, for machinery of which he has around him. we know full well that ridicule is no less potent " On the Board of Trustees are several laymen, when enlisted against truth and virtue than when but these will have no voice in the selection of pro­ armed in their favor and defense; therefore, we fessors, that being delegated to the bishops. Mr. should not take it for srranted that because an au- Eugene Kell}'^ and his brother laymen will have thor is facetious, or because a companion is witty, the management of the finances, and they could that they are consequently innocent and harmless. not be placed in better hands." This is a grand mistake on the part of many very good people. " A jolly fellow " is always voted as " eood-hearted," and the writer who wilLexcite the risibility is pronounced as " not so bad, after all." The Spirit of Humor. It is the facetious vein in immoral writers which constitutes their most dangerous charm, because it : In common with the lower animals among the leads superficial minds to excuse that which they first marks of healthful growth in man we find the would otherwise condemn. disposition to play, to sport, and to exercise the No one can deny the dissipating effect of an in­ muscles of the body and the inferior powers of the ordinate love for joking, and the habits of idleness mind, out of mere love active—from the simple it is almost sure to induce. Many causes also con­ exuberance of animal spirits. The kitten, the lamb, spire to render the present age, and our own coimr the colt, and the child, equally exhibit the propen­ try particularly, subject to the noxious influence in^ sity to play; but to the monkey and the buffoon is question. We are a great nation, it is true, but reserved the questionable distinction of vnaking crude and unformed. Like an overgrown child, antics the end and aim of theirs trongest exertions; we are not at all what is expected of us, when we the chief business of life. are judged of from our size. We are. unsettled; ^ keen appreciation of the ridiculous seems and characterless, so.to speak; the facilities for : 558 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTJC. travelling; the rapid modes of communication; vianac^ Brother Jonathari^ and Sam Slick^ of fortunes suddenly lost, placing the refined and cul­ old; and of their late successors Puck, Budget of tivated at the foot of the social scale; fortunes sud­ Fim^ Josh Billings, and the like? The quaint- denly acquired, elevating the vulgar and unlettered ness mingled with thcevil principles of authors iuto the rank of respectabilit}'; these causes, united like Thomas Carlyle; the mingling of the gro­ with cheap, trifling literature, produced by unprin­ tesque and jDathetic in Hood, Thackeray, and Dick­ cipled authors, and devoted to no higher aim than ens, successfull}' copied hy their numerous imita­ to jjass time awa}'^, conspire to render the laughter- tors, have contributed largely to destro}'- the noble loving propensit}'^ of j'outh too frequently' the in­ earnestness of spirit imparted by Christianity; have sidious thief of time, and, alas, not seldom, the grand made death, heaven and hell legitimate subjects of destroyer of virtue! jest and trifling discourse, since the truths of reve­ Would to Heaven that mirth was alwaj's harm­ lation are ignored b}' those would-be astute writers. less! would that the angel of light—the spirit of Next to the vulgarity, or rather the impurity, of so- joy—were notso easily- and so artfulh' counterfeited! called wit, in the above clause, we have indicated But there is sfood reason to believe that much of the the greatest danger under consideration, and the looseness belonging to modern American morals chief abuse of our love for the facetious. We firmly can be traced to the reaction of society, to its revolt believe it to be worthy of the most grave reflection, against the spirit of Puritanism, the hypocritical since this abuse is a viper which, if cherished, will aflfectation of good, the unnatural restraints upon do incalculable mischief in the futui-e as it has done cheerfulness, which marked the early history of already in the past. New England, and which was communicated to True and refined wit is, indeed, a most noble the other States to a greater or less extent. source of pleasure; for we are so constituted that to It is true that moroseness is a more dangerous keep the intellect from stagnation, consequent mo­ vice than levity, as it concerns the individual, but roseness or fatigue, new and striking thoughts not so as it relates to society, since cold austerity is must be frequently presented, and the active play so completely unattractive, whilst a sportive dis­ of the mental powers is absolutely necessary to position is so alluring and seductive in its very maintain their healthful condition. Perhaps of our natui'e. witty American writers, O. W. Holmes, J. G. Saxe, Who that has learned the lessons of the world and George D. Prentice may be mentioned as cannot recall occasions when the modest blush of among the best. innocence was made the signal for ridicule, and True wit can be safely employed in treating when the unfortunate object has yielded the integ- grave and momentous subjects, but the vocabulary rit}'^ of his heart from fear of being laughed at? expressive of the facetious preponderates on the Too readily did he learn to face boldly the most side of vulgarity and falsehood. Fun, sport,'is but obscene allusions, while the crimson token of a " vulgar merriment." A joke is most frequently the pure soul was transmuted into a sign of shame that most complete misrepresentation, taken by certain he had not sooner become an adept in the dark parties as in earnest; and we find that the inuendo, speech of the vile. or blind insinuation or hint at something not full}' Spurious and hackne^^ed wit is the most com­ explained, is a method of exciting laughter, which, mon source of entertainment. Subtract malicious though frequently tolerated in upstart circles, will and trifling gossip—(topics plentifully supplied by brand any individual with the merited stigma of the wretched newspaper reports, which gleam in «ill-bred." fearful profusion, like demoniac leers, from the The same may be said of practical jokes, which surface of every dail}' sheet,) subtract these, and are frequently cruel, and they are totally unknown in most of our modern circles what have we left? within the precincts of real refinement. Our Amer­ Whole dialogues carried on in cant phrases. Col­ ican youth are none too respectful; and there is loquies composed of stale and impertinent jokes: little or no fear of their being too much restrained the most irreverent-transposition of the Holy Scrip­ by salutary suggestions in another direction. tures, for the purpose of "making fun"; and, In the above-mentioned methods of expressing perhaps, to break the monotony, some "elegant wit there is the absence of that " chastity of char­ and refined" j^oung lady—^judging from her dress ity " so beautifully recommended by the glorious and manner—w^ill seat herself at the " Steinway Bishop of Geneva, and which will never inflict the Grand," and entertain you by singing, in her clear­ slightest wound upon another, even under the spe­ est and most emphatic style, " Captain Jenks of the cious pretext of enlivening the flagging spirits of Horse Marines," or something else equally indica­ our friends. B. tive of an intellectual taste.* No w^onder that " love of society " is but another name for " levity," when to propose a topic above " the last bi-each-of-prom- Books and Periodicals. ise case" will resolve the gay circle into a " Quaker meeting," all tongues .becoming suddenly para­ — The Art Amateur for May gives a striking lyzed. Frequently' it is that the most voluble be­ portrait study in colors by Stephen Hills Parker comes nonplused when drawn outside of the oi'bit of a "Norman Peasant," forcibly painted and full of mimicry, sarcasm and indelicate jesting. .Have of life and character. The remaining designs in­ we hot, for this result, in a great measure to thank clude a pleasing decorative head by-Ellen Welby in the popularity of publications like Kh& Comic Al- brown, a fine study of lilacs, three full-size panelg THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 559 for a hall chest of carved oak, decorations for a in company with Professor Maspero and Brugsch fruit plate (plums) and a vase (marsh marigolds), Bey, from the latter of whom.he had a personal a bird design for a fan, a page of monograms in account of the discovery, which Mr. Wilson here N, and designs for a stole and other needlework. records, supplementing it by interesting photo­ Several illustrations are given of American pictures graphs made by himself. The second paper, by at the forthcoming Paris Salon, including a double- Professor John A. Paine, consists of a comparison page drawing by Henry Bacon, "At the Capstan— of portraits of Rameses, including some new and Etretat," and a striking dog picture, " Comrades," interesting observations confirmatory of the identi­ by Elizabeth Strong. The Salon, the National fication, and setting forth clearly the-historical and Academy Exhibition, the Boston Art Museum and archieological bearings of the discovery. Mr. the Probasco picture collection are the subjects of Paine arrives at the conclusion that Pharaoh was interesting articles. The practical topics specially really not an Egyptian in race or blood, but was treated are fruit painting in oils, flower painting on descended from the Shepherd Kings of Asiatic china, sketching from nature, and wall and floor origin, thus confirming the Biblical statement that decoration; there is also a timely " talk " on fitting Israel in Egyj)t was oppressed by an Assyrian. up a seaside cottage. The department of" Books Professor Paine gives also an interesting and curi­ Old and New " is unusually interesting to biblio­ ous account of Pharaoh's daughter. Together the philes this month, and the whole number is an ad­ two papers form an important chapter of interest mirable illustration of the skill and thoi'oughness to all students of history, and especially to students with which T^he Ai-t Amateur covers its chosen of the Bible. This number contains the first of field. several papers by Professor W. O. Atwater, of —The May Wide Awake opens with a brilliant Wesley an University, on "The Chemistry of Foods frontispiece, "Springtime," by E. S. Tucker, rem­ and Nutrition," being specifically devoted to "the iniscent of the open squares and parks where composition of our bodies and our food." Mr. dainty little girls throng in all the freshness of new Atwater has perhaps made a more thorough in­ spring gowns and hats, merry with their jumping- vestigation of this subject than any other American ropes. The whole number is ensphered in spi'ing student, having conducted many analyses in this light and air—what with Mrs. Blake's " A Fancy department for the Fish Commission. His con­ in Triolets," Clinton Scollard's "A Daffodil," clusions, 'which hav'^e a direct bearing upon the Mrs. Clara Doty Bates's "Wake-Robin," Mrs. Labor Question as well as upon all questions of Thomas Serjeant Penny's " Dandelions," Mrs. A. hj'giene, are accompanied by graphic charts ex­ D. T. Whitney's "Bird-Talk," Marian Douglas's hibiting the chemical composition of common ar­ "Arbutus," Mr. Barnes's "Spring Show^er" and ticles of diet. The subject is thus invested with a Miss Watson's very funny "A Successful Gar­ domestic as well as a scientific interest. dener." The pictorial interest centres in Miss El­ eanor Lewis's article, "A Select Company," Num­ ber IV of the Famous Pets series, which gives engravings of Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe's pet Personal. dogs "Punch" and "Missy," one of herself in her early womanhood. Miss. Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's —Rev. Fatiiers Cartan and Hitchcock, Rector *'Daniel Deronda," and a full-length engraving and assistant Rector of Nativity Church, Chicasfo, of Mrs. Jane Welsh Carlj'le and her famous dog were welcome visitors to the College during the " Nero," from a life photograph sent over by week. Mrs. Alexander Carlyle, a picture to be prized and —Rev. Richard Maher, C. S. C, left Notre preserved. An article characterized by a delight­ Dame, on Thursday last, for Prince Edward's Isl­ ful "readableness" is by the editor of Our Little and, whither he goes on important Community Men and Wonicn^ Mrs. Frances A. Humphrey, and business. entitled "Cap'n Bos'ard's Wife's School;" full of —Geo. Rhodius (Com'l), '84, passed a few anecdote, and descriptive of a celebrated dame- pleasant daj'S at Notre Dame, on his return from a school in the Old Colony in the early days of the vacation tour over the " Rockies" to the " Golden town of Halifax—^an "industrial school" in the pri­ Gate." None of Notre Dame's " boys " is more mal sense of the term—which sent out strong men welcome than George. and women East, West, North and South. The —Our sincere sympathy is extended to Masters serials, "Romulus and Remus " and " Montezuma's Ed. and Tom Darragh, Juniors of-the present year, Gold Mines," close in this number, to give place in the sad affliction that has befallen them by the to stories by Charles Egbert Craddock and Mrs. death of their mother—Mrs. Catharine Darragh— Catherwood. who departed this life at her residence in St. Paul, —The May Century opens with two profusel}"^ Minn., on the 15th ult. May she rest in peace! illustrated papers of Egyptology, the special sub­ —The Pueblo TColo.) /'re^j refers as follows ject being the mummy of Pharaoh the Oppressor to Alfred W. Arrington, Esq., of '71, who has just (the Pharaoh of the Bible), otherwise Rameses II, been appointed City Attorney of that place: which (together with those of other Egyptian " If the new city government keeps on as it has begun, kings) was discovered in iS8i by Professor Mas- it will make a record of which its members may be proud. pero, but not identified until June, iSS6. Soon after Mr. Arrington was elected City.Attorney on his merits as this date Mr. Edward L. Wilson visited the spot a man, and lawyer. We venture to say he has not his 560 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

su]ierior in either particular in the cit}-. He is a man of Patrick's Church, South Bend,—Rev. D. J. lia- honor and integrity, wlio does his dntj and says but little gerty, '76, Pastor—will take place to-morrow (Sun­ about it, and a lawyer, not only dceplj' read in his profession, but painstaking, methodical and laborious in the practice day) afternoon. Rt. Rev. Bishop Dwenger will of it. He is, above all others, the man the city needed as its perform the ceremony. law olliccr." —The members of the vocal classes, the Choir, Band and Orchestra were entertained at a grand Local Items. banquet oh Tuesday afternoon. The Rev. Pre­ fect of Discipline was the genial host, and jjrovided —Let us have va-a-ii-ation! a right royal spread for his guests. —The Conversaziones have been suspended. —A. heavy gold medal, richly jewelled, of beau­ tiful design and exquisite workmanship, will be —The bulletins for the month of April have competed for this year by the Juniors. It is the been issued. gift of Mrs. J. Meehan, of Covington, Ky., whose —The gentle rains of the past week have brought generosity is gratefully acknowledged. out the verdure, foliage, etc. —It is rumored that several of our " grads " and —In the game with the " Green Stockings " post-" grads " do often congregate along the shores "Sag" fairly outshone himself. of the lake armed, as to their hands, with hooks, —It is expected that the Philodemics will give lines and angling worms with which, indeed, many their public debate in a few days. of the fish are taken. Our friend from Michigan —The great revival of the "Prince of Portage is the boss " lone fisherman." Prairie" is booked for next Saturday. —The St. Cecilians enjoyed a very pleasant ride —A select party enjo\'ed A'Ir. James O'Neill's to St. Joseph's Farm on the tst inst. The mem­ presentation of "Monte Cristo" at the Opera bers of the Society- return thejr thanks to Rev. House, South Bend, on Monday night. Fathers Walsh and Morrissej'^ and Bro. Leander —One of our grammarians soliloquized thusly: for favors received in connection with their trip. "Positive, wait; comparative, waiter; superlative, Mr. MacBokum also contributed greatly to the eo and get it vourself!" Then the bell rang. pleasure of the occasion. —The Commercial College, South Bend, sends —Verjf Rev. Father General gave from his us a cop}- of its new paper, the Gazette. It is a own room a beautiful picture to be presented to bright, well-conducted little paper, and we wish it the best Minim. As there are so many exception­ all success. ally good boys in St. Edward's Hall among whom —The Freeinaii^s youmal •s,ny^ very justly, that it would be difficult to find out the best, the princes "Midshipman Bob" is one of the very best pre­ themselves decided to add it to the collection of rare and beautiful works of art in their study-hall. mium books for boys. Prof. Lyons, Notre Dame, is the publishei". —The devotions of the month of IslKy were —Bro. Alfred and his men have been busily en-, opened with great solemnity last Saturday even­ gaged during the week in the improvement of the ing. After an eloquent sermon by Re\^ D.J. Spil- basement of Science Hall, introducing new shops, lard, C. S. C, who spoke of " The motives for hon­ laboratories, etc. oring the Blessed Virgin," solemn Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament was given. The exercises —At a meeting of the Boat Club, held Thursday are continued CA'^ery evening, and are conducted morning, Mr. B. T. Becker was elected Commo­ by Rev. Father Spillard. dore, and Messrs. Rheinberger and O'Connell were admitted to membership. —The demurrer in the case of Morse vs. the First National Bank was argued in the Moot-couit —There were several " centennial'.' trees injured on Wednesday evening. Messrs. Smith and Roch- some time ago, and care should be taken in regard ford appeared for the demurrant, while the plain­ to the remainder. They were 2:)lanted in 1676, and tiff was represented by Messrs. Bi^own and White. are destined to mark an epoch. The arguments evinced a careful study of the issues —Those wishing copies of the excellent photo­ and the law bearing upon the subject, and were very graphs of Notre Dame and its buildings—the Fac­ creditable. Judge Ploynes sustained the demurrer. ulty, societies, clubs, etc.—taken last year, should give their orders early to Bro. Paul. —The current number of the Ave Maria appears with four pages extra, making a paper of twenty- —The baldheaded eagle, that holds the fort in eight pages. The accomplished Editor hopes that front of Science Hall, has been quite lively during the increase in the subscription list during the month the week. His efforts to escape from captivity are will justify him in retaining or still further increas­ consistent \v\t\-\ his theories on the emblems of ing this size. We have no doubt that the prospect American libert}'. of having a more plentiful supply of the good —Rev. Father Zahm's "Letters from the Ha­ things which the Ave Maria weekly presents will waiian Islands," which appeared in the SCHOLAS­ be an inducement to each of its readers to procure a TIC some months ago, have been translated into new subscriber. German^ and are published in the Herold des —"The Municipal Code of Chicago," is the Glmtbens^ of St. Louis. latest'accession to the Law-Library. It was pre­ '•—The laying of the corner-stone of the new St. sented by the Plon. William J. Onahan, City Col- THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. S6t

lector of Chicago. Mr. Onahan has our thanks and Nester; the fielding of Nester, Combe and Cu- for his useful gift. We may be pardoned for re­ sack. The latter's magnificent catch of a long run­ marking here that it is highly complimentary to ning fly and beautiful throw to 1st base called forth Mr. Onahan, and very gratifying to his friends at rounds of applause. The following is the score: Notre Dame, that the people of Chicago, with al­ UNIVERSITY NIXE. T.A.B. R. I.R. S.B. P.O. A. E. most unanimous voice, requested Mayor Roche to O'Regan, s. s 5 2 3 2 i 3 2 reappoint him to the office he so ably fills, not­ Combe, istb 5 122500 Nester, 2db 4 2 2 3 10 2 2 withstanding the recent change in the political ad­ Cooper, p 6 3 3 2 o 7 o ministration of that city. Burns, c 6 2 o o 7 3 i —The crews have been chosen and gone into Myers, 3db 4 o 3 i 2 i 2 Cnsack, l.f 4000 i 00 training for the June regatta. The " Minnehaha" Cartier, c. f. 4" i o o i o 2 "heavy weights" are as follows: Duffin, r.f 4000002 Stroke: Don Latshaw, 179)^; No. 5: E. Byi-nes, iSo; No. 4: Frank Fehr, 17S; No. 3: W. Dreever, 160^; No. Total 42 II 13 ID 27 16 ID 2: John Wagoner, 159; Bow: Oskie Bolton, 152; Captain GREEN STOCKI.-\GS. T.A.B. R. I.B. S.B P.O. A. E. and Coxswain: J. V. O'Donnell, 145. Grimm, c 5 i i o 9 5 3 The "Evangeline" crew have not been weighed Johnson, s.s 6 2 3 i 2 3 i 3'et, but it is understood their Captain will take them Casey, 1. f. 5 3 2.0 i o i Kurts, 2d b. and p 5 2 o o 2 6 2 , on a trip to the maison de boucherie after next prac­ Keller, p. and 2db 5 o i i i 5 o tice. The crew at present is as follows: Staples, 1st b 5000700 Captain and Stroke: A. Gordon; No. 5, B. Becker; No. 4, Rockstraw, 3db 2 i o 04 2 2 C.McNally; No. 3, M. McKeon; No. 2, Geo. Crillv; Bow, Dobson, ^j.j- 2 o o o i o o Geo. Houck. Gaskell, \ ' ' 3 Q O O O O O The " Minnehaha " average is 1 ^i^'i/i\ the "Evan­ Joyce, c.f 3 3 o o o o o geline" will apjDi'oximate 155. Total 41 12 7 2 27 21 9 —On Thursday evening last the St. Thomas INNINGS:—i 234567S9 Aquinas' Academy held a session to discuss the un­ UNIVERSITY NINE:—^3 i 2 o p 2 o 2 1=11 ion of body and soul in man. Rev. Father Fitte, GREEN STOCKINGS:—3 2 o i 2 i 2 i 0=12 the President, opened the debate with a few intro- Base on Balls: Cooper, Burns, Cartier, (2) Kurts, (3) Staples, f i) Rockstraw, Gaskell, Joyce. Hit by Ball: Combe, ductorj'^ remarks. He showed the all-importance Nester, Rockstraw, Joyce. Struck out: by Cooper (5); by of clear ideas on this head, and the relation the sub­ Keller (5); by Kurts (3). Wild pitches: Keller. Passed ject bore to the Incarnation. He briefly stated Balls: Grimm. Two Base Hit: O'Regan. Time of game: man's position in the scale of created beings, and 2 hours. Umpire: H. Dean. Scorer: Jno. B. Meagher. said that the object of the meeting was to explain —Mr. James O'Neill, the distinguished actor, and to pi'ove xvhy it is that a spirit may be united was the guest of the College during the week. to a body to form something complete, and not Mrs. O'Neill with her friend Miss Raven accom­ ho%v this is accomplished. Mi*. John P. Wagoner panied him. During his visit Mr. O'Neill had an then arose, and after admitting that it was impos­ opportunity of seeing in detail every department sible to solve the question in an entirel}^ satisfac- of the University; and, like all visitors of his stand­ torj'" manner, proceeded to examine the different ing—for he is a gentleman of rare intellect and systems which treat on the subject. His essay ap­ culture—he was most happily impressed with all pears in another part of this paper, so we make no those he met, and what he saw at Notre Dame. further comment. When he had concluded, Messrs. On Monday, the Minims invited Mr. O'Neill to Craft and D wyer spent an hour in raising objections St. Edward's Plall, and, nothing abashed in the and inquiry to overthrow the position he had taken. presence of the Star of " Monte Cristo," enter­ They showed much ingenuity and skill, and at one tained him with dialogues, recitations, etc. He time the defender of the thesis had a hard tussle to seemed to take great pleasure in listening to the extricate himself from the " plastic medium." When young speakers, and at the close arose to thank the voices of the objectors had sunk into silence, them. He said he was surprised and pleased, and the meeting was adjourned. hoped they would continue to improve in elocu­ —An interesting and close game of baseball tion as well as in their other studies, and so fit was played Thui-sday afternoon, on the Senior themselves for the high positions that awaited some grounds, between the " University Nine" and the of the bright boys before him. " And," said he, " Green .Stockings " of South Bend. The game " as you have been kind enough to recite for me, abounded in brilliant plaj^s which kept up the ex­ I will now i-ecite for you." He did so, selectinsr a citement until the last- man was retired. The humorous piece, which he made surpassingly so, College boys outhatted the Benders, but lost the by the gestures and wit for which he is so noted. game through errors made at critical points. Nev­ The Minims showed their appreciation of the dis­ ertheless, they deserve the greatest credit for the tinguished visitor's condescension by the deafening hard struggle they gave their strong -'opponents, applause which they accorded him. He obtained who are rated as the best amateur team in Indiana. for them an exemption from studies for the after­ The- main features of the game were the batting noon, and donated a grand gold medal to be given work of Kurts and.Grimm of the "Green Stock­ at Commencement to the Minim who shall have ings," and Cooper and Burns of the " Universities "; distinguished himself more than the others for sfood the battinsr and base running of Combe, O'Regan conduct and proficienc}' in study. 562 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

It is needless to add that the Minims will not Class Honors. soon forget the pleasant visit of Mr. James O'Neill. [In the following list maj' be found the names of those And it ma}'^ he said that all who have met him students Avho have given entire satisfaction in all their agree in sa3Mng that he is a courteous, refined, in­ classes during the month past.] tellectual gentleman; an honor to his native land— COMMERCIAT. COURSE. Ireland—whose green fields and poetic hills he in­ S. Hummei-, L. Dunning, C. Paquette, J. Henry, B. tends visiting in his European tour this summer. Tivnen, C. Bush, C. Lane, G. Kingsnorth, J. Whalen, W. Boland, A. Hake, J. McDonald, T. Jordan, V. Padilla,.W. In advance we wish him and Mrs. O'Neill ?/« bon Konzen, E. Adams, M. Dore, O. Sullivan, W. White, W. voyag-e, and hope to see him soon again at Notre Moftatt, W. Clifford, I. Bunker, 11. Mulberger, E. Dillon, Dame. A. Cooper, G. Cooke, W. Welch, P. Prudhomme, C. Ej'an- • ^^^ • son, W. Luhn, G. Myers, F. Smith, W. O'Brien, D. Ste­ phens, M. Akin, J. llaj'es, W. Sullivan. Roll of Honor. List of Excellence. [The following- list includes the names of those students whose conduct during the past week has given entire COMMERCIAL COURSE. satisfaction to the Faculty.] Bool-Kcefing—G. Houck, T. Jordan, V. Padilla, W. Clif­ SE^flOR DEPARTMENT. ford, I. Bunker, S. Hummer, J. Pfau; Arithmetic—O. Sul­ Messrs. Archambeault, M. Akin, Ashton, W. Akin, livan, W. Clifford, T. Jordan, J. Dempsey, B. Tivnen, L. Aubrej', Beckwith, J. Burke, Britt, Bingham, P. Burke, Dunning, J. Stephens, S. Hummer, W. White; Grammar— Baca, Barnes, Bush, Barrett, Burns, Brown, Craig, Crow­ H. Mulberger, H. Boland, C. Paquette, S. Hummer; Read- ley, Cusack, G. Cartier, Combe, Coady, Crilly, Craft, Cas- ij,o-—W. Clifford, W. Julian, A. Duffield, T. Dunford, J. sidy, W. Dorsey, S. Dorsej', Dreever, Dickenson, Duffin, Bull, J. McNulty, B. O'Kane, F. Konzen, J. Doss; Orthoa- Dempsey, Eyanson,* Finckh, Ford, Gallardo, Gallarneau, rafhy—W. Clifford, J. Hayes, F. White, P. Houlihan, A. Gordon, Gibbs, Griffin, Houck, Miner, Hummer, Hagerty, McKeon, W. Konzen, V. Padilla; Geos^rafkv—F. Kreutzer, Judie, W. Jeffs, Kelh', Kreutzer, Kleiber, Kingsnorth, W. White, V. Padilla; United States History—F. Kreutzer, Kramer, Ley, Langan, Lyons, Leonard, McManus, J. Mc- W.White, V. Padilla; Peinnaushi'p—X).Q\\\\\, F. Rodriguez, Dermott, T. McDermott, McErlain, McGinnis, Mulkern,V. F. Suing, T. O'Regan, H. Dorsey, W. McManus, W. Mc­ Morrison, McNamara, J. Aleagher, L. jNIeagher, Mj'ers, Namara, G. Tarrant, D. McKendry, W. Clifford, S. Ciar­ Maier, McNally, Neill, Nelson, Andrew Nicholl, Alfred coschi, T. Baca, I. Casey, F. Coad, W. Boland. Nicholl, O'Regan, O'Connell, O'Kane, L. O'Mallej', J. O'Malley, Orr, O'Donnell, Padilla, P. Prudhomme, Pas- chel, Prichard, Pender, Quigley, Rheinberger, Rothert, THE WORKERS IN COLLEGE.—Mr. Depew, in Regan, Rochford, Rudd, Suing, O. Sullivan, Slubbs, Smith, his speech at the Dartmouth dinner recently, stated Triplett,Velasco,Woodbridge,Wilson, M.White, W. White, Wagoner, j. Zaehnle. that no man could succeed in this countr}-^ unless in his youth he had necessity as a spur. While JUNIOR DEPARTMENT. this is not entirely true, it comes wonderfully near Masters Adelsperger, Austin, A. Adams, Anderson, R. being so, and explains the fact that the smaller Bronson, B. Bronson, Blessington, Badger, Bunker, Bull, W. Boland, H. Boland, Baca, Burns, Burts, S. Campbell, colleges, at which students having little money are J. Clarke, B. Clai-ke, Carney, Cavanagh, Clifford, Case^', usually educated, produce a larger percentage of Coad, L. Chute,- F. Chute, Curtis, G. Cooke, Ciarcoschi, successful men than the large colleges, where the Duffield, Darragh, Dunning, Devine, Draper, Dempsej', expenses and indolence are greater. Daniels, Ewing, Fitzharris, Falter, Flood, Fisher, Flynn, Freeman, Galarneau, Goebel, Glenn, Girten, Gray, Hoff­ Few realize how seriously handicapped a 3'^oung man, Houlihan, T. Hake, A. Hake, Hannin, Hayes, Hoye, man is who lives "like a gentleman" through four Handlj', Howard, Heller, Inks, Joyce, Jacobs, Julian, Johns, years of college life, knowing no responsibilities, F. Konzen, W. Konzen, Kern, Kellner, Kutsche, Keating, Kinsella, King, Long, Lane, McKenzie, McCart, Monarch, and necessarily taking an impossible view of things. W. McCormick, Mcintosh, Macatee, McPhee, Mulberger, If he amounts to anything thereafter it is simply McNultj-, Meehan, Mitchell, McGuire, McDonald, Mc- because he is of truer metal than most youths; and Cambridge, McCabe, Nations, Noud, Nussbaum, O'Con­ even then he has to go through an expensive nor, Ormond, O'Brien, M. O'Kane, O'Shea, O'Hearn, Pfau, L. Paquette, C. Paquette, Preston, Roper, Ramsej', Ried- course of unlearning a great many things. Per­ inger, Sweet, J. Stephens, B. Stephens, Steele, F. Smith, haps it is not too much to say that four-fifths of the M. Smith, Sullivan, Taliaferro, Tarrant, Tedeus, Tivnen, students whom wealthy parents send to college Vhay, Wilbanks, L. White, Walker, Welch, Wade, Wage- and supply liberally with money are nonentities in man, Wilkin, Weimer, Wile, F. Austin. after-life, or worse. The poor student who works MINIM DEPARTMENT. his "way through rarely fails in vindicating his Masters W. Ackennan, Boyd, Bloomhuff", Blumenthal, strength among men. Boettcher, Black, A. Backrack, S. Backrack, H. Backrack, Clendenin, Crott}', J. Conners, E. Conners, C. Connor, W. It is a fine thing to have "advantages"; but Connor, Cooke, Corbett, Cohn, Dahler, Doss, J. Dungan, where they come easily they are not improved. Jas. Dungan, Davidson, L. Dempsey, J. Dempsev, Foote, Where it costs exertion to obtain them they are T. Falvey, G- Franche, C. Franche, F. Falvey, E'. Falvey, made the most of. The moral in the premises to Gale, Grant, Griffin, Goldmann, Garrabrant, Garber, Gra­ ham, H. Huiskamp, J. Huiskamp, Hagus, Hillas, Jewett, rich parents is to require their, children to work Koester, Kutsche, Keefe, Klaner, Kerwin, Kraber, Kinsella, enough to know the Value of money, and not to Kane, Lowenstein, Lane, Lewin, Mahon, Munro, Mainzer, crowd "advantages" on them until a substantial Mason, McPhee, Mcintosh McDonnell, McGuire, Morgen- desire to profit by them is manifested. The young weck, Nester, O'Mara, O'Neill, O'Donnell, Paul, Priestly, Quill, Riordan, Rowsey, Rogers, Silver, Smith, A. Sullivan, man whose, policy is to turn a college into a loafing F. Sullivan, J. Sullivan, Stone, Sweet, Savage, F. Toolen, establishment should be put in a work-shop, both F. Toolen, Tompkins, Triplett^ Taft, A. Williamson, W. for his own good and that of the college, to say Williamson, Witkowsky, Weckler, Walsh, Ziemann. nothing of that of the communit}' in general.— * Omitted by mista.ke last week. . Nciv yorTi World. THE NOTRE DAME 'SCHOLASTIC. 5^.

lated to enlist the sympathy and admiration of Saint PFlary's Aca5emy. every listener. Indeed, truth is stranger than fic­ tion, and nothing so clearly impresses this fact than One Mile West of Notre Dame University. the contemplation of the lives of God's chosen ones.

—The Juniors who were placed on the " Tablet' of Honor" all drew for the Roman mosaic cross. Fidelity. The fortunate winner was Alice Schmauss. Perhaps the poet Moore never wrote a stanza —Last Monday the highl}' valued instructions so graceful and, at the same time, so truthful, as the to the Children of Maiy, in the Chapel of Loreto, following from one of his exquisite "Melodies": by Very Rev. Father General were resumed. " The heart that loves truly can never forget. —The politeness badge in the Minim depart­ But as truly loves on to the close, ment was won by Ivy Becker; those who drew As the sunflower turns to its God when he sets. with her were the Misses Caddagan, McCormick, The same look, which it gave when he rose." O'Mara, Pugsley, and E. Quealy. Nor should this be misconstrued in the lisfht of —The examination of the Trigonometry Class mawkish sentiment. Affection without steadfast­ —the Misses Dillon, Wolvin, Horn, and Griffith— ness is unworthy of the name. AVhat is pretended took place on Thursday. It was conducted by the friendship? Why is it so heartily despised? Its Rev. Fathers Spillard and Morrissey, of the Uni­ very spuriousness is its condemnation. versity, who praised the marked pi-oficiency of the If nature teaches the mimosa to shrink from the young ladies, exhibiting, as it did, great personal rude touch, andthe heliotrope to follow the course application on their part. of the sun, its pretty tuft of fragrant flowers bow­ —At the regular Academic reunion, Miss Clen- ing even in the darkness of night, and at the dawn denen recited the beautiful "Lesrend of Bresrenz," lifting its blossoms to the purple East as at close by Adelaide Procter, and Miss Wolvin read the of day they were turned towards the roseate West, article on "Moral Courage" fi'om the last SCHO­ should we not understand the lesson? LASTIC. Very Rev Father General deputed Rev. " Cloistered flowers" there are, earth's fairest Father Zahm to commend the reading, which he products; beings born into the world but to forsake did, adding, as usual, much important information, its maxims and its ways, who have learned the and illustrating his advice with noble models of the beautiful lesson of fidelity to God. They are His trait recommended. chosen souls. Through toil and affliction they la­ bor on, regardless of the price, if they are but so —Saturday was the twelfth anniversary of the happy as to perfectly accomplish the holy will of birthday of Ivy Becker, and the department of Him to whom they have given their lives. Minims was granted recreation in honor of the Within the convent walls, secluded from the event. The day being pleasant, a walk to the world, where patient hearts, like ministering an­ college grounds was proposed, and the motion gels, are devoting their energies to the sick and the promptly adopted. The little group with their poor, or to the work of instructing the young, we prefect were kindly conducted through the various see the noblest models of a pure fidelity. Where buildings, and the objects of interests were ex­ else can be found such grand examples of this plained to their great edification by their gentle­ most lovely trait? v manly conductor. Brother Francis. To be truly faithful, one must be completely, —Again we are called upon to offer condolence dcA'^oid of selfishness. Hampered with self-love, to those whom death has bereaved. A dispatch ar­ he will be sure to fail in his duties to those whom rived on Tuesday morning from Cassopolis, Mich., he pretends to rank among his friends. 'Selfish­ announcing the death of Miss Katie" Kingsbury, a ness,has made the world miserable. . The "wants pupil of St. Mary's in '86, and one who had en­ .and woes " of the poor and friendless are nothing to listed the esteem and love of all by her numerous him who forgets the universal brotherhood of man-: excellent quahties of mind and heart. Warm sym­ kind. How clearly, then, is it demonstrated that the pathies are extended to the afflicted family, espe­ Blessed Saviour of the world has kept His promise cially to the esteemed mother and to the sister of to His disciples. Behold I am tvith yoji alivaysj the deceased, Miss Fannie Kingsbur}-, who was even to the consummation of the zyor/^f,-whenwe called home from St. Mary's last week on account see the selfishness of the human heart counteracted of her dear sister's illness. in the supernatural lives of religious. —The May devotions were opened by Very We may admire the martial prowess of Napoleon Rev. Father General. In his sermon, after speak­ Bonaparte. He was undoubtedly, in the hands of ing of the origin of the devotions, and of their God, the benefactor of France, lifting her out of universality, he gave a glowing history of the the deplorable political ruin into which, she had great St. Cathai^ine of Sienna, whose feast was eel- been precipitated by the frightful Revolution, with ebrated on the 30th of April. The eloquent eulo- its "reign of terror," and its hatred of God; but gium of the young girl, whose wisdom made her the much as he was admired and honored as the great counsellor of kings and Pontiffs, and whose piety commander, when we remember the fierce and won the heart of God, so that she converted sin­ selfish ambition which actuated him at all times, and- ners and brought the dead to life, was well calcu­ which culminated in his base tieatment of Pope 5^4 TMJi NOTRH DAMU SCHOLASTIC:

Pius VII, and j'et meeting with its just retribution There are many matters that our subject w^ould at Moscow and at Waterloo, our admiration is lead us to treat, hut we will content ourselves and turned into quite opposite sentiments. We deplore close with the advice: " Be true to the Cross, and his infidelit}'. In his overthrow we nv.xy well be­ you will be true to your friends." lieve that the blood of the accomplished Duke d'Enghien—asbassinated at Napoleon's command, MARIE CRESSV Fvt.\.m\ [Class''SJ). becau'-e he stood in his way—and-that also of tlie two hundred and fift}- thousand soldiers—the flower of the French army who, victims of their com­ Roll of Honor. mander's ambition, perished at Moscow—had cried FOR POLITENESS, XEATNESS, ORDER, AMIABILITY, COR­ to Heaven for vengeance. RECT DEPORTMENT, AND EXACT OUSERVANCK OF Though less prominent, all over the world like ACADEMIC RULES. characters may be found. Born with hearts, they stifle their best impulses, and life is given to self­ SENIOR DEPARTMENT. ish aims. The lady of fashion, intent on displaying Par Excellence—Misses Allnoch, Brady, Blaine, Blair, her beauty and gaining the admiration of the bo7i Barry, Bub. Bates, Blacklock, Beschameng, Birdsell, Clen- ton, will daintily lift the folds of her rich dress and denen, Cliftbrd, Coll, Carmien, Coglin,'elaggett, Dillon, A. Duffield, M. Duffield, C. Dempsey, H. Dempsey, Dart, pass coldly by the home of the suffering and the Desenberg, Dunkin, Egan, Ewing, Fuller, Foin, Flannery, poor. She has no time to interest herself in their Fa.Kon, Fravel, Fitzpatrick, Griffith, Guise, Gordon, Gavan, necessities. In her heart there can be no love for Griffin, Horn, Hummer, Heckard, Hertzog, Harlem, Henke, God, since she so forgets and virtuall}' despises His L. Hutchinson, M. Hutchinson, Johnson, Kearsey, Kearns, Kingsbuiy, Kennedy, M. F. Murphy, McHale, Miner, L. beloved poor. Meehan, M. Meehan, M. Morse, Murphy, M. McNamara, C. Will the home of such a one be brisrht and McNamara, M. McCormick, Marsh, Moore, McCarthy, happy? Will her duties be performed with the Moran, O'Conner, Negley, Neft', Patrick, Pierson, Proby, K. cheerfulness of one who never forgets the Chris­ Queal}', G. Regan, Riedinger, Rose, E. Regan, Reed, Robin­ son, Scully, St. Clair, Shephard, Snowhook, Stadtler, tian duty of almsgiving? Will she lessen the la­ Shields, Sterns, R. Smith, M. Smith, Stafford, Stocksdale, bors of those who toil for her? Alas! those kindly Sullivan, SAveet, Trask, Thompson, Van Horn, Williams, oflices which render even the path of adversity Wolvin, Wynn, Wehr, Wimmer, Weishart, Wright, Zahm. bright, are far from her taste. Fidelity is unknown JUNIOR DEPARTMENT. to the devotee of Fashion. Is she happy? No, Par Excellence—^Misses E. Blaine, Boyer, Bruus, Bridge- a thousand times, no! Her self-love is so great man, Biirdick, Campeau, Crane, E. Dempsey, Fritz, L. Griffith, Geer, Hake, Hinz, Hughes, Iluntting, Knauer, that it entirel}"^ overshadows any beaut}'^ which the Lindsey, Mason, G. Meehan, N. Morse, Mercer, Nester, soul might otherwise jDOssess. Tiy contrast we learn Prudhomme, Rogers, Stapleton, Stiefel, Wiesenbach. the-loveliness of self-sacrifice; for we realize that, , MINIM DEPARTMENT. in the vp^ords of Father Faber, Par Excellence—Misses I. Becker, Caddagan, McCormick, " More tall than the stars is the wonderful height O'Mara, Pugsley, E. Quealy. Of unselfishness, always reposing in light. On whose glorious summits the night falleth never. SCHOOL OF DESIGN. But the seen-face of God is its sunshine forever." HONORABLY MENTIONED. If we are true to ourselves, we will be true to ADVANCED COURSE—Miss Ewing. our friends. Often we feel that it is hard to know 1ST CLASS—Miss Foin. in whom we may place confidence; to whom we 2D CLASS—Misses Birdsell, Kingsbury. maj' safely turn in sorrow or afliiction, for it takes 2D CLASS, 2D DIV.—Miss Egan. not many j-^ears of life to prove the fickleness of ELEMENTARY PERSPECTIVE. human hearts. Often those we have counted upon 3D CLASS—^Misses Zahm, Sweet, N. Morse, Hull,Tomlin, Quealy, Steele. as our l3est friends have deserted us at the very PAINTING IN \VATER-COLORS. time when we most needed assistance and consola­ Misses Foin, Rose, Kennedy, Wehr, Pierson, Triplett, tion. " In prosperity it is very easy to find a friend; . Campeau, Henke. in adversity, nothing is so difficult." PAINTING ON CHINA. From the above we see that the lesson of the Misses Wiliiams, A. Duffield, E. Coll, Stafford. Cross is one we must all heed. As suicide is the WORKING IN CRAY'ON. worst of crimes, so iS' a want of fidelit3- to one's Misses Egan, Clendenen own high sense of duty to God and our fellow-men . OIL-PAINTING. worse than insincerity towards others, for that may Misses Ewing, Birdsell, Kingsbury, Fuller, Gordon, Neff", arise from circumstances less within our control. N. Meehan, Scully, McHale, Beaubien, Shields, Nester, Bub, Schmauss. - There are many whimsical notions connected GENERAL DRAWING. with the common idea of friendship, especially SENIOR DEPARTMENT. among the youiig: such, for example, as the idea Misses Wiinmer, McCormick, Moore,Wright, O'Connor, that confidence in another implies that one must E. Regan, Thompson, Robinson, Negley, K. Quealy. divulge to her friend,every thought, and make her JUNIOR- DEPARTMENT. the .deposit of every little item connected with her Misses Stapleton, Quill, N. Morse, Hull, E. Dempsey, life and family, affairs. Shallow as the thought Campbell, Campeau, Kennedy, Pugsley, Rhodes, Rogers, is, it is far from-uncommon, and the careless-de­ Hughes, -Geer, Caddagan, Wallace, Leonard, Knauer, Mercer,, O'Mara, E. Quealy, Wiesenbach, Crane, Koester, tailing of secrets thus revealed is more often, than Clore, E. Fritz,' Stiefel,' Bridgerrian, I. Becker, Burdick, ^ anything else, the cause of. broken fricndshiiDS. Quinn, K. Fisher, Hake.