DOCSLIB.ORG

The Influenzatimes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Influenzatimes TUESDAY 16 SEPTEMBER 2014 SPI 1 WHY SHOULD INFLUENZA BE A PUBLIC HEALTH PRIORITY? THE INFLUENZA TIMES We need to work on collaboration CONFERENCE NEWSPAPER Yesterday morning’s SPI-track program But when it comes to inspiring changes in be- politicians, because in the end, they will decide kicked off with this simple key question. havior, scientists need to empathize with their on strategy and policy direction. “We need to SS2 MUGAS: REVIEW AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF OSELTAMIVIR DATA Indeed, in order to limit the burden, stakeholders. For example, the data proving vac- understand why politicians behave the way they cines are safe mainly originate from high-income do. Politicians expect certainty. They are afraid influenza should become a public countries. But in order to raise confidence in low of being criticized on their integrity. But our PROF. AB OSTERHAUS health priority, and stakeholders should income countries, we will need data local risk statements are full of if’s, or’s and when’s. And (ERASMUS MC, THE groups can identify with, based on studies in so politicians are completely confused on what Efficacy and effectiveness NETHERLANDS) PRESENTED understand the severity and impact these countries, said Abdulla Brooks, from the they should do. As a result, we are selling them THE OBJECTIVES OF THE of flu, and be involved. The SPI-track Infectious Diseases Unit at Kamalapur Field Site a hazard, a threat, and not something they can MUGAS FOUNDATION AND in Bangladesh. buy”, Capua said. ■ of oseltamivir unveiled generated a wide variety of ideas OUTLINED THE PROCEDURE TO INITIATE A PROJECT. Raina MacIntyre from the University of New to tackle the hurdle. Here are some MUGAS IS DEDICATED TO South Wales in Australia, demonstrated the role in the 1980s and 1990s. snapshots. of influenza vaccination in preventing heart The ongoing debate on the PROMOTING PUBLIC HEALTH diseases. “There are many ways in which infec- effectiveness of the newest BY ADDRESSING UNSOLVED Better surveillance fuels earlier detection and tious diseases overlap with coronary diseases. class of antivirals, the neu- SCIENTIFIC ISSUES THAT more effective information. “Flu is a moving target Therefore, we have to engage cardiologists in our raminidase inhibitors, has HAMPER EFFECTIVE EVIDENCE- and viruses are smart and simply unpredictable”, activities, and make them part of what we do. become a hurdle for public BASED DECISION-MAKING. said Ab Osterhaus, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Not only talk to them, but partner with them.” health response to seasonal Netherlands: “If we want to conquer the beast, we Vaccination is perhaps not perceived as an art of and pandemic influenza. need to use all available technologies and work on heroic medicine, but in the end, it is preventing a collaboration.” Surveillance systems are already large amount of heart diseases in people. An overview of the MUGAS- in lower respiratory tract complications were very effective and make annual vaccine reformula- initiated statistical review observed, with no difference between age groups. tion possible; on the basis of antibody presence Ilaria Capua, both virologist and Member of of all available data was Adverse events presented principally as gastro- Check our photo album in the population at large, it is possible to predict the Italian Parliament, stressed not only the presented by Prof. Arnold intestinal conditions, including vomiting and which viruses should be put in a vaccine. importance of communication with the public on Facebook Monto (University of nausea. Three clinical trials in pediatric patients at large and with fellow scientists, but also with www.facebook.com/ Michigan, USA). The aim were included, with age and clinical heterogenei- EuropeanScientistsFightingInfluenza of the study was to offer a ties calling for trial-specific analyses and second- thorough, independent and ary meta-analysis. Although no differences were The Multiparty Group for Advice on transparent meta-analysis of published and un- found or results were inconclusive for two trials published data from clinical trials, carried during in asthmatic children, statistically significant Science (MUGAS) offered yesterday or follow us on Twitter the procedure of licensure of the neuraminidase reduction in the time to alleviation was detected @ESWIRigaConfere a timely satellite symposium on the inhibitors. Despite different routes of administra- in healthy children. Dr. Dobson concluded that review and statistical analysis of tion, oseltamivir and zanamivir have a similar although the use of neuraminidase inhibitors mechanism of action and data on both antivirals should be weighed against the risk, the meta- The Heinrich Pette Institute (HPI), located in Hamburg/Germany, is dedicated to oseltamivir data. Nancy Cox (Centers for were evaluated. Prof. Monto outlined the overall analysis provided strong evidence of their useful- basic research of the biology of most-relevant human pathogenic viruses and the EDITORIAL BOARD Disease and Prevention, USA) opened approach used, with all data collected from ran- ness against seasonal and pandemic influenza. pathogenesis underlying the respective virus-induced diseases. The institute’s domized placebo-controlled clinical trials in adult long-established mission is to provide new technologies and solutions to improve editor-in-chief graphic design the session by welcoming the support and pediatric patients (therapeutic use only), and The Post-pandemic Review of anti-Influenza therapeutic procedures for established and emerging viral diseases. These include — Damion Ekiert — Tom Adriaensen provided by MUGAS for the urgently all analyses performed on an individual patient Drug Effectiveness (PRIDE) study completed the AIDS, Influenza and Hepatitis as well as certain types of cancer linked to infections basis. MUGAS report and was presented by Puja Myles reporters photos with Herpes-, Polyoma- and other DNA-Viruses. needed assessment of the efficacy and (University of Nottingham, UK). The observational — Leslie Reperant — Koen Broos Preliminary results of the meta-analysis, soon to study was performed to assess the usefulness The institute has created several advanced technology platforms that facilitate — Stephanie Bertram effectiveness of oseltamivir, one of the comprehensive investigation of the infection processes, including a High-Throughput be published, were presented by Joanna Dobson of oseltamivir treatment during the pandemic — Rory de Vries major neuraminidase inhibitors used to Sequencing Facility, BSL2/BSL3 Small Animal Models and advanced Microscopy and (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, of 2009, by conducting a systematic review and — Hans Housen Image Analysis. Research projects at the HPI comprise multi-disciplinary approaches fight influenza. UK). Nine clinical trials on oseltamivir in adults meta-analysis of published data. The review of 44 and are closely linked with research groups in the Hamburg metropolitan region as were included, with similar inclusion criteria, and 52 studies with mortality and severe disease well as other national and international collaboration partners. intervention protocol and main outcome, defined as the outcome, respectively, demonstrated Although vaccines are cornerstones of public as the time to alleviation of all symptoms. Two significant clinical effects of early treatment Visit us: www.hpi-hamburg.de health’s arsenal for the prevention and control of clinical trials were carried out in the elderly popu- with oseltamivir. The standardization and meta- influenza, antiviral drugs play an essential role in lation and one trial in individuals with chronic analysis of raw data obtained form 80 research the fight. Their effectiveness has been the subject cardiac or respiratory illness. Close to 70% of the groups in 38 countries of 6 WHO regions further of debates for many years, as were early antivirals patients proved to be infected with influenza A supported the effectiveness of early oseltamivir developed against influenza, such as the M2 virus, mainly of subtype H3N2. Statistically sig- treatment against mortality, as well as that of channel blockers amantadine and rimantadine, nificant reductions in the time to alleviation and late treatment in critically ill patients. ■ THE INFLUENZA TIMES SPA3 IMMUNOLOGY SPB1 VIRUS STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION Cross-protection against influenza: Influenza virions – Trojan exosomes?! no longer a utopia? During the session “Viral Structure The high variation of influenza viruses relies on the segmented RNA genome which allows and Replication” novel insights into genetic reassortment. Little is known about the Immunological basis for novel was divided in two camps: those adhering to the the influenza virus particle were given. packaging signals in vRNA complexes. Results influenza vaccines importance of cross-reactive T cells and those FOCUS POINTS OF presented by Catherine Isel from the University Besides the identification of a new After hearing Marc Sprenger during the ESWI who firmly believe in the importance of cross- UNIVERSAL VACCINE: of Strasbourg clearly indicate that incompat- opening on Sunday and Ab Osterhaus at the reactive antibodies. functional site in the PB2 subunit ibility between the vRNA packaging signals has ■ INDUCE B CELLS GENERATING plenary session on Monday, there was a clear POTENT STALK-SPECIFIC and the crucial role of influenza RNA negative effects on the genetic reassortment. take-home message: the efficiency of currently Stalk-specific antibodies:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Our New Erasmus MC Future-Proof Buildings Ernst Kuipers Chairman of Erasmus University Medical Center’S Executive Board
    Our New Erasmus MC Future-proof buildings Ernst Kuipers chairman of Erasmus University Medical Center’s Executive Board This is once in a lifetime for us all. The old hospital dates back to 1961, with nurses’ “ stations at the center of the wards and physicians rooms at the far ends of the wards. We have now been given the chance to build an ultramodern building; a chance that comes along only once every sixty years. ” 2 Welcome Erasmus MC is building a new hospital right in the heart of a city Employees, patients, and students are aware of a new perspective. full of architectural icons. The design is sleek, functional and well- The healing environment of the academic hospital of the 21st century considered. The contemporary building elements seamlessly fit in can already be experienced at the Rehabilitation Medicine Rijndam with Sophia Children’s Hospital, the innovative Education Center, and outpatient clinic and in the Passage. Plenty of natural light, greenery, the imposing research tower of the Medical School. and warm and comfortable furnishings, aimed at reducing the stress associated with hospital visits. The shell has now largely been completed but you can still feel the dynamics of the construction site, with its construction hoists and The guiding principle of the new buildings is that they should be a helmeted workers. The energy of Rotterdam is captured here: actions place where you are warmly welcomed, treated expertly and with speak louder than words, together we can do it. Close by there is respect, and have a pleasant stay. In addition, it will be a place that activity of another kind; we are in the largest university medical radiates ambitions: this is where we provide complex, high-quality care, center of the Netherlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Questions & Answers on Influenza
    101 Questions & Answers on Influenza101 101 Questions & Answers Prof. Dr. A.D.M.E. (Ab) Osterhaus is David De Pooter is working at Link Inc on professor of virology at Erasmus Medical since 2003, the Antwerp (Belgium) based Centre Rotterdam, and professor of communication consultancy agency, Environmental Virology at the Utrecht specialised in strategic communication University. Fascinated by the ingenious and social marketing. Link Inc is working ways viruses circumvent the immune with the European Scientific working Influenza system of their hosts to multiply and Group on Influenza (ESWI) since 1998 and spread, Osterhaus started his quest at the is taking care of the positioning of the interface of virology and immunology. He group, the strategy and the implementa­ Ab Osterhaus quickly translated new insights in this tion of the strategy by developing complex field to applications in animal and targeted communication tools. In this human vaccinology. In addition, he started capacity, David De Pooter is a professional David De Pooter his work on virus discovery, not only writer on medical topics and a communi­ focussing on the identification of a series cation manager of ESWI. As such he has of animal viruses, but also of new human established a fruitful and long standing viruses. collaboration with Prof Ab Osterhaus. (www.linkinc.be) 101 Questions & Answers on Influenza 101 101 Questions & Answers on Influenza Ab Osterhaus David De Pooter Elsevier, Maarssen © Elsevier, Maarssen 2009 Design: Studio Bassa, Culemborg Elsevier is an imprint of Reed Business bv, PO Box 1110, 3600 BC Maarssen, The Netherlands. To order: Elsevier Gezondheidszorg, Marketing dept., Antwoordnummer 2594 (freepost), 3600 VB Maarssen, The Netherlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterizing Immunogenetic Factors Associated with Influenza Cross- Reactive Responses and Disease Severity
    Characterizing immunogenetic factors associated with Influenza cross- reactive responses and disease severity By Dr. Yoav Keynan M.D A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2013 by Yoav Keynan Acknowledgements: To my committee members: Dr. Coombs, Dr. Aoki, Dr. Soussi-gounni for your patience and invaluable advice, with diverse backgrounds, your input has been instrumental to the completion of this project. To my mentor, Dr. Fowke- for making my decision to migrate to your lab the best career decision I have made; for guiding me in this research project and for being an advocate and supporter along the course of the years. The most important lessons I have learned from you are not limited to science or grant writing, but more importantly, the optimism and positive attitude (sometimes bordering with delusion) that instills belief and motivation. To Dr. Rubinstein- for your advice and mentoring during the combined infectious diseases and PhD training. For the open doors, listening and support along the frequently bifurcating paths. To the Fowke lab team past and present- that make this lab a second home. Special thanks to Steve for your assistance over the past 8 years. To Dr. Plummer, for giving me the initial opportunity to embark on a research career in Winnipeg. To Dr. Ball for your support and collaboration. To the Ball Lab members, for the numerous fruitful discussions. To Dr. Meyers for the numerous projects and continued collaboration.
    [Show full text]
  • "Pandemieën Bij Mens En Dier: Zijn We Er Op Voorbereid?" Prof. Ab Osterhaus DVM
    "Pandemieën bij mens en dier: zijn we er op voorbereid?" Prof. Ab Osterhaus DVM PhD Director Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ) University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany MSD Webinar, januari 22 2021 Rinderpest 1745: The Netherlands 2003: Last case in Mauretania 2011: Eradicated 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 Past decades: zoonoses at the origin of major human disease outbreaks pandemics Adapted from: Reperant LA, Cornaglia G, Osterhaus AD Curr Top Microbiol Immunol.2013 The importance of understanding the human-animal interface: from early hominins to global citizens Most recent outbreaks of avian influenza as reported to the OIE in the last 6 months. African swine fever African swine fever Crucial elements for pandemic preparedness to be established in ‘peacetime’ • Early warning systems • Pathogen discovery and characterization platforms • Diagnostic platforms • Mathematical models • Animal models in BSL3 facilities • Clinical trial platforms • Non-pharmaceutical intervention and treatment strategies • Pharmaceutical intervention strategies •antiviral platforms •vaccine platforms •BRM platforms • Communication 8 25.01.2021 Last four influenza pandemics Credit: US National Museum of Health and Medicine 1918 1957 1968 2009 “Spanish Flu” “Asian Flu” “Hong Kong Flu” “Mexican flu” >40 million deaths 1-4 million deaths 1-4million deaths 0.2-0.6 million deaths A(H1N1) A(H2N2) A(H3N2) A(H1N1) Within a few weeks, the 2009 H1N1 pandemic spread around the world affecting all countries April 2009 May 2009 START June 2009 March 2009 July 6 2009 Cumulative cases 1–10 11–50 51–500 500–5000 Air traffic from Mexico >5000 De Jong et al., Nature 1997 Claas & Osterhaus, Nat.Med 1998 Fouchier et al., J Virol., 2005 Munster et al., EID., 2005 Aquatic wild birds Olsen et al., Science., 2006 Influenza A virus reservoir BF Koel et al, Science.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Validation of Whole Genome Sequencing for Routine Cancer Diagnostics
    medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.29.20222091; this version posted November 3, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license . Clinical validation of Whole Genome Sequencing for routine cancer diagnostics Paul Roepman1*, Ewart de Bruijn1, Stef van Lieshout1, Lieke Schoenmaker1, Mirjam C Boelens2, Hendrikus J Dubbink3, Willemina RR Geurts-Giele3, Floris H Groenendijk3, Manon MH Huibers4#, Mariëtte EG Kranendonk4$, Margaretha GM Roemer5 Marloes Steehouwer6, Wendy WJ de Leng4, Alexander Hoischen6,7, Bauke Ylstra5, Kim Monkhorst2, Jacobus JM van der Hoeven1 and Edwin Cuppen1,8 1. Hartwig Medical Foundation, Science Park 408, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands 2. Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands 3. Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands 4. Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands 5. Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands 6. Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands 7. Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands 8. Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Taking Organs-On-A-Chip to the Next Level
    #1 Volume 11 October 2020 Medicines is the news magazine of Figon Regenerative pharmacology Taking organs-on-a-chip to the next level In this issue Clémence Ross-van Dorp Towards humans-on-a-chip The FIGON Dutch Medicines Days This former Dutch State Secretary, and Regenerative pharmacology allows an (DMD) are held online this year, throughout keynote speaker at the DMD, was entirely new perspective on human the fall of 2020. Check out the webinars at appointed Ambassador for the Dutch life physiology, health and disease. ‘These figondmd.nl. Keynote speakers are sciences and health sector. She is new methods are more closely related to presenting their topics in this issue. strengthening national networks. the intact human body.’ XXPage 10-27 XXPage 10 XXPage 20 Register via single-use.nu/ event/register Single-Use Event 2020 CORPUS | Leiden | November 10 On November 10th at location CORPUS in Leiden suppliers and users will meet at the ultimate networking event in the world of bioprocessing, biotechnology and (bio)pharmaceutical manufacturing. You are welcome to view and test new products, network with key suppliers in the single-use industry, and attend presentations about the latest developments in single-use. Editorial It takes an entire team he battle against COVID-19 is like the Olympics: a gargantuan international ef- fort with high personal, economic and emotional stakes. In fact, since the Olym- Tpics were cancelled this year, COVID-19 seems to have taken their place. It keeps us addicted to our news sour- ces. It is the talk of the day. And it brings together science, policy, business and societal organisations.
    [Show full text]
  • White Matter and Hippocampus Alterations in School-Age Neonatal ECMO Survivors Rais
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Erasmus University Digital Repository Neonatal critical illness and development: white matter and hippocampus alterations in school-age neonatal ECMO survivors Raisa M. Schiller 1,2, Gerbrich E. van den Bosch1, Ryan L. Muetzel2, Marion Smits3, Jeroen Dudink3,4, Dick Tibboel1, Hanneke IJsselstijn MD1, Tonya White2 1Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands 2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands 3Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands 4Department of Pediatrics, subdivision Neonatology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Corresponding author: T. White Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital 3000 CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Email: [email protected] Telephone: +31 10 703 7072 Word count: 2997 1 ABSTRACT Aim Examine the neurobiology of long-term neuropsychological deficits following neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Method This cross-sectional study assessed white matter integrity and hippocampal volume of ECMO survivors (8-15yrs) and healthy controls (8-17yrs) using Diffusion Tensor Imaging and structural MRI, respectively. Neuropsychological outcome was evaluated in patients. Included clinical predictors of white matter integrity: age start ECMO, ECMO duration, highest oxygenation index before ECMO, highest mean airway pressure and mechanical ventilation duration. Results Patients (n=23) had lower global fractional anisotropy than controls (n=54)(patients=.368; controls=.381; p=.02), but similar global mean diffusivity (p=.41). Patients had lower fractional anisotropy in the left cingulum bundle (patients=.345; controls=.399; p<.001) and higher mean diffusivity in a region of the left parahippocampal cingulum (patients=.916; controls=.871; p<.001).
    [Show full text]
  • ESCMID Online Lecture Library © by Author
    Albert Osterhaus Head Dept Virology Chairman ESWI CSO Viroclinics-Biosciences BV Library Pandemic flu and the anti-H1N1 vaccine: Lecture a retrospective view. author Onlineby © ESCMID ESCMID conference on the impact of vaccines on Public Health Prague, 2nd April 2011 Human influenza: three appearances Library Seasonal influenza (A: H3N2, H1N1; B) Lecture Avian influenza author (A: H7N7, H5N1…)Online by © PandemicESCMID influenza (A: H1N1, H2N2, H3N2, H1N1…?) INFLUENZA A VIRUS Recent zoonotic transmissions Library Subtype Country Year # Cases # Deaths H7N7 UK Lecture1996 1 0 H5N1 Hongkong 1997 18 6 H9N2 SE-Asia 1999author >2 0 H5N1 HongkongOnlineby 2003 2? 1 H7N7 Netherlands© 2003 89 1 H7N2 USA 2003 1 0 H7N3 Canada 2004 2 0 H5N1ESCMIDSE-Asia/M-East/ 2003-11 .>500 >300* Europe/W-Africa *CFR ~ 60% Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID Confirmed H5N1 avian influenza virus endemic areas (poultry and wild birds) since 2003 Avian influenza A H5N1 virus - HA: Receptor specificity - Library Shinya et al., Nature 440, 2006 Lecture Van Riel et al., Science 2006 author Van Riel et al., Online Am J Pathol 2007 by Van Riel et al., © Am J Pathol 2009 Van Riel et al., ESCMID Am J Pathol 2010 Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID Introduction - Attachment to the upper respiratory tract - Seasonal H3N2 Pandemic H1N1 HPAIV H5N1 Last four pandemics Library Lecture Credit: US National Museum of Health and Medicine author 1918 1957Online 1968 2009 “Spanish Flu” “Asian Flu” by “Hong Kong Flu” © ”Swine Flu” >40 million deaths 1-4 million deaths 1-4million deaths ??? A(H1N1)ESCMIDA(H2N2) A(H3N2) A(H1N1) Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID Air traffic from Mexico ~ 1998 PB2,PA: Triple reassortant ~ 1968 ~ 1998 PB1: LibraryN-America ~ 1918 Classical swine HA, NP, NS: Lecture ~ 1979 NA, MA: authorEurasian swine Eurasia Onlineby A/California/4/2009 © PB2 PB1 The H1N1v flu virus PA Courtesy: Ron Fouchier HA NP ESCMID NA MA NS Library Lecture author Onlineby © ESCMID The Mexican flu virus..
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae Ralph S. Baric
    Curriculum Vitae Ralph S. Baric I. CONTACT INFORMATION: Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2105-D McGaveran-Greenberg Hall, CB# 7400 Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7400 Phone: 919-966-3895 II. EDUCATION: A. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, B.S., Zoology, 1977 B. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, Ph.D., Microbiology, 1983 C. University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Neurology, Post-doctoral Fellow, 1982-1986 III. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: A. Assistant Professor, Department of Parasitology and Laboratory Practice, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, March 1986-June 1990 B. Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, July 1990-June 1993. C. Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, July 1993-2001. D. Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, July 1993-2001 E. Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, July 2002-current IV. HONORS AND AWARDS: A. Full Athletic Scholarship, Swimming, North Carolina State University, 1973-1976 B. Atlantic Coast Conference Champion and record holder: 500 yard Freestyle, 1000 yard Freestyle, 1650 yard Freestyle, 400 yard Individual Medley, 800 yard Freestyle Relay C. Teaching Assistantship, North Carolina State University, 1977-1978 D. Agricultural Foundation Pre-doctoral Research Assistantship, 1978-1981 E. Teaching Assistantship, North Carolina State University, 1981-1982 F. NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship, Neurology Training Grant, 1982-1984 G. Harvey Weaver Scholar, National Multiple Sclerosis Society Fellowship, 1984-86 H.
    [Show full text]
  • Pre-Existing Immunity Provides a Barrier to Airborne Transmission of Influenza Viruses
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.15.103747; this version posted June 15, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Pre-existing immunity provides a barrier to airborne transmission of influenza viruses Valerie Le Sage1, Jennifer E. Jones1, Karen A. Kormuth1^, William J. Fitzsimmons2, Eric Nturibi1, Gabriella H. Padovani1, Claudia P. Arevalo4, Andrea J. French1, Annika J. Avery1, Richard Manivanh1, Elizabeth E. McGrady1, Amar R. Bhagwat1^, Adam S. Lauring2,3, Scott E. Hensley4, Seema S. Lakdawala1,5* 1 - Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 2 – Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 3 – Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 4 – Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 5 - Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 * Send all correspondence to [email protected] ^ Current position - KAK is an Assistant Professor at Bethany College, Bethany, WV and ARB is a Senior Project Engineer at II-VI Aerospace & Defense in Dayton, OH. Abstract Human-to-human transmission of influenza viruses is a serious public health threat, yet the precise role of immunity from previous infections on the susceptibility to airborne viruses is still unknown. Using human seasonal influenza viruses in a ferret model, we examined the roles of exposure duration and heterosubtypic immunity on influenza transmission. We found that airborne transmission of seasonal influenza strains is abrogated in recipient animals with pre-existing non- neutralizing immunity, indicating that transmissibility of a given influenza virus strain should be examined in the context of ferrets that are not immunologically naïve.
    [Show full text]
  • Corman-Drosten Review Report
    Healthy Gallatin From: Owen Giddings <[email protected]> Sent: Wednesday, February 3, 2021 3:30 PM To: BOHPublicComment Subject: Vaccination rates Categories: NonAgendaPC Could the Health Board please speak in concrete terms to why Gallatin County is lagging significantly behind all of Montana's other large cities in vaccination rates, per the Montana Covid dashboard? First shots administered: as of 2/3: Missoula Count (Missoula): 12.9% vaccinated Lewis and Clark County (Helena): 14.4% vaccinated Yellowstone County (Billings): 14.6% vaccinated Cascade County (Great falls): 12.8% vaccinated Gallatin County: 8.1% vaccinated Silver Bow County (Butte): 17.7% vaccinated 1 Healthy Gallatin From: Administrator <[email protected]> Sent: Wednesday, February 3, 2021 1:29 PM To: BOHPublicComment Subject: mask mandate Categories: NonAgendaPC BOH members and staff, I continue to be dismayed at the lack of enforcement of the mask order in commercial establishment in Bozeman. The BOH inclusion of an exemption for medical reasons provides an illogical loophole big enough for the Queen Mary. Nobody with an actual respiratory health issue is going to be maskless out in public and run the risk of encountering some asymptomatic anti‐masker. Responsible businesses include an option for curbside service for those who don’t want to comply with the mask requirement. The choice to enter a business includes the responsibility to adhere to the safety policies of that business. Smoking or going naked are not tolerated by businesses, going maskless shouldn’t be either. Employees maybe exposed to scores or hundreds of customers each day. Gallatin County’s positivity rate all but insures that the typical service industry employee will encounter people who are infected.
    [Show full text]
  • B Cell Responses Against Influenza Viruses
    viruses Review B Cell Responses against Influenza Viruses: Short-Lived Humoral Immunity against a Life-Long Threat Jenna J. Guthmiller 1,* , Henry A. Utset 1 and Patrick C. Wilson 1,2 1 Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; [email protected] (H.A.U.); [email protected] (P.C.W.) 2 Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Antibodies are critical for providing protection against influenza virus infections. However, protective humoral immunity against influenza viruses is limited by the antigenic drift and shift of the major surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Importantly, people are exposed to influenza viruses throughout their life and tend to reuse memory B cells from prior exposure to generate antibodies against new variants. Despite this, people tend to recall memory B cells against constantly evolving variable epitopes or non-protective antigens, as opposed to recalling them against broadly neutralizing epitopes of hemagglutinin. In this review, we discuss the factors that impact the generation and recall of memory B cells against distinct viral antigens, as well as the immunological limitations preventing broadly neutralizing antibody responses. Lastly, we discuss how next-generation vaccine platforms can potentially overcome these obstacles to generate robust and long-lived protection against influenza A viruses. Keywords: influenza viruses; humoral immunity; broadly neutralizing antibodies; imprinting; Citation: Guthmiller, J.J.; Utset, H.A.; hemagglutinin; germinal center; plasma cells Wilson, P.C. B Cell Responses against Influenza Viruses: Short-Lived Humoral Immunity against a Life-Long Threat. Viruses 2021, 13, 1.
    [Show full text]