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Electroplating Wastewater Polishing in Constructed Wetland Systems Adam Sochacki

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Electroplating Wastewater Polishing in Constructed Wetland Systems Adam Sochacki Electroplating wastewater polishing in constructed wetland systems Adam Sochacki To cite this version: Adam Sochacki. Electroplating wastewater polishing in constructed wetland systems. Other. Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. English. NNT : 2013EMSE0702. tel- 00937076 HAL Id: tel-00937076 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937076 Submitted on 27 Jan 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2013 EMSE 0702 THÈSE présentée par Adam SOCHACKI pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne en cotutelle avec «Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice, Pologne» Spécialité : Sciences et génie de l'environnement ELECTROPLATING WASTEWATER POLISHING IN CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEMS EFFICACITE DES ZONES HUMIDES CONSTRUITES POUR LE POLISSAGE DES EAUX USEES EN PROVENANCE DE L'INDUSTRIE DE LA GALVANOPLASTIE soutenue à Gliwice, le 10 Septembre 2013 Membres du jury Président : Gérard LEDOIGT Université Blaise-Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France Rapporteurs : Hanna OBARSKA-PEMPKOWIAK Professeur, Politechnika Gdańska, Gdańsk, Pologne Jan VYMAZAL Professeur, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, République tchèque Directeurs de thèse : Joanna SURMACZ-GÓRSKA Professeur, Politechnika Śląska, Gliwice, Pologne Bernard GUY Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Saint- Etienne, France Gérard LEDOIGT Université Blaise-Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France Invités : Konrad SZAFNICKI Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Saint- Etienne, France Olivier FAURE Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Saint- Etienne, France ; et Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France Politechnika Śląska École Nationale Supérieure Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska des Mines de Saint-Étienne i Energetyki Katedra Biotechnologii Środowiskowej Rozprawa doktorska Doczyszczanie ścieków galwanizerskich w oczyszczalniach hydrofitowych Adam SOCHACKI Promotorzy: Joanna SURMACZ-GÓRSKA, prof. dr hab. inż. Politechnika Śląska, Polska Bernard GUY, prof., HDR Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Saint- Etienne, Francja Olivier FAURE, PhD Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Saint- Etienne, Francja Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France Gérard LEDOIGT, prof., HDR Université Blaise-Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, Francja Gliwice – Saint-Etienne 2013 Silesian University of Technology École Nationale Supérieure Faculty of Power and Environmental des Mines de Saint-Étienne Engineering Environmental Biotechnology Department Doctoral thesis Electroplating wastewater polishing in constructed wetland systems Adam SOCHACKI Supervised by: Joanna SURMACZ-GÓRSKA, prof. dr hab. inż. Silesian University of Technology, Poland Bernard GUY, professor, HDR Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Saint- Etienne, France Olivier FAURE, PhD Ecole Nationale Superieure des Mines de Saint- Etienne, France Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France Gérard LEDOIGT, professor, HDR Université Blaise-Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France Gliwice – Saint-Etienne 2013 v This research project was supported by Grant N N523 561938 from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education in the years 2010–2013. The author was granted scholarship in the Project "SWIFT (Scholarships Supporting Innovative Forum of Technologies)" POKL.08.02.01-24-005/10 co-financed by the European Union under the European Social Fund. vi vii Table of contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ ix List of abbreviations and acronyms ................................................................................................ x 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 2 Goals of the thesis ................................................................................................................... 3 3 Origin and treatment of electroplating wastewater ................................................................. 5 3.1 Types of electroplating wastewater and the related contaminants ................................... 5 3.2 Legal regulations for the quality of electroplating wastewater ........................................ 6 3.3 Treatment of electroplating wastewater: case study of the PEM Company ..................... 6 4 Constructed wetlands for the treatment of wastewater ......................................................... 10 4.1 Classification of constructed wetlands ........................................................................... 10 4.2 Subsurface flow CWs with vertical flow ........................................................................ 11 4.3 Use of constructed wetlands for industrial wastewater treatment .................................. 12 4.4 Intensification of treatment processes in constructed wetlands ...................................... 13 4.5 Physical models of constructed wetlands ....................................................................... 13 5 Electroplating-related pollutants and their removal in constructed wetlands ....................... 15 5.1 Metals and metalloids ..................................................................................................... 15 5.1.1 Occurrence in electroplating wastewater ................................................................ 15 5.1.2 Forms of metals in constructed wetlands ................................................................ 15 5.1.3 Metal removal mechanisms ..................................................................................... 21 5.2 Boron .............................................................................................................................. 28 5.2.1 Chemistry of boron .................................................................................................. 28 5.2.2 Fate of boron in constructed wetlands ..................................................................... 29 5.3 Cyanides ......................................................................................................................... 29 5.3.1 Chemistry of cyanides ............................................................................................. 29 5.3.2 Removal mechanisms of cyanides .......................................................................... 30 5.4 Occurrence of sulphur in constructed wetlands .............................................................. 33 5.4.1 Bacterial sulphate reduction .................................................................................... 34 5.4.2 Interactions between sulphate-reducing bacteria and other groups of bacteria ...... 34 5.4.3 Carbon source for sulphate-reducing bacteria ......................................................... 35 6 Materials and methods .......................................................................................................... 38 6.1 Experimental setup configuration and operational characteristics ................................. 38 6.1.1 Symbols of columns used in the experiment ........................................................... 42 6.1.2 Configuration and operation of system A ............................................................... 44 6.1.3 Configuration and operation of system B ............................................................... 45 6.2 Physicochemical analysis of wastewater ........................................................................ 47 6.2.1 Sampling .................................................................................................................. 47 6.2.2 Analysis of metals, boron and sulphur .................................................................... 47 6.2.3 Analysis of cyanide ................................................................................................. 47 6.2.4 Chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon analysis ................................. 48 6.2.5 Sulphate analysis ..................................................................................................... 48 6.2.6 pH and oxidation-reduction potential measurements .............................................. 48 6.3 Sequential extraction procedure (system A) ................................................................... 48 6.4 Sequential extraction procedure (system B) ................................................................... 50 6.5 Plant analysis .................................................................................................................. 50 6.6 Adsorption assay............................................................................................................. 51 6.7 SEM-EDS analysis ......................................................................................................... 52 6.8 Statistical analysis........................................................................................................... 52 7 Results and discussion ..........................................................................................................
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