The Women's Suffrage Movement in Georgia, 1895-1925

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Women's Suffrage Movement in Georgia, 1895-1925 “NOT RATIFIED BUT HEREBY REJECTED:” THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT IN GEORGIA, 1895-1925 by ELIZABETH STEPHENS SUMMERLIN (Under the Direction of Kathleen A. Clark) ABSTRACT The women’s suffrage movement in Georgia consisted of a small but spirited group of women who unsuccessfully fought for enfranchisement from 1895 to 1920. Though this movement failed nominally, the strategies white southern women pursued represent an important case study of conservative progressivism in the New South. Suffragists publicly pushed for change while maintaining that their enfranchisement would actually shore up existing power structures, especially white supremacy; however, their very existence in politics and public space symbolized the disorder that many southerners had used to characterize the changes wrought by industrialization and modernization in Georgia. While comprehensive studies on this subject have been limited, this thesis also benefits from seminal regional and transnational studies that have inspired more theoretical perspectives on this topic and illuminated the complex forces that impacted Georgia’s suffragists in their battle for the ballot. INDEX WORDS: Georgia, women, southern politics, woman suffrage, New South, women’s rights, anti-suffrage movement, white supremacy, gender, 19 th Amendment, Mary Latimer McLendon, Rebecca Latimer Felton, Mildred Rutherford, Eugenia Dorothy “Dolly” Blount Lamar “NOT RATIFIED BUT HEREBY REJECTED:” THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT IN GEORGIA, 1895-1925 by ELIZABETH STEPHENS SUMMERLIN B.A., Georgia College and State University, 2007 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2009 © 2009 Elizabeth Stephens Summerlin All Rights Reserved “NOT RATIFED BUT HEREBY REJECTED:” THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT IN GEORGIA, 1895-1925 by ELIZABETH STEPHENS SUMMERLIN Major Professor: Kathleen Clark Committee: James C. Cobb John Inscoe Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia December 2009 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Without my family, friends, and advisors, this thesis would have never come into fruition. As members of my thesis committee, James Cobb and John Inscoe provided invaluable insight and keen criticisms that helped me understand southern history more clearly. I owe a special thanks to my advisor Kathleen Clark, whose patience and ever discerning eye made this piece so much more than I ever imagined it could have been. My graduate school classmates, Jessica Fowler and Hannah Waits, and I shared humorous perspectives into life as a graduate student and teaching assistant that made even the most trying times bearable. I thank the two of them for their incredible ability to offer me support in my personal and professional life. My family continued to support my endeavors as they have always done—a deed which has never gone unnoticed or unappreciated. My dog, Maggie, who is an unsung hero for this project, sat by my side while I combed through documents and books and typed for hours on end. Finally, my husband and best friend Donnie showed me unconditional love and support and brought me through those times when I thought that this project would never see completion. I look forward to spending the rest of “forever” with him. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ iv INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 A Cautious Beginning: The Atlanta Convention and the “Doldrums,” 1895- 1912 ......................................................................................................... 22 2 Momentum Gained and Lost: Suffragists, Anti-Suffragists and the General Assembly, 1913-1916 .............................................................................. 55 3 Victory? State and National Campaigns Collide, 1917-1925 ......................... 97 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................... 127 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................... 131 1 INTRODUCTION The women’s suffrage story in the South does not coincide with the usual accounts of triumph presented in the national narrative. Southern suffragists trod upon difficult terrain in their efforts to attain the vote, and they stumbled over numerous obstacles. Suffrage movements in the South attracted fewer followers than those in the rest of the nation, and in several instances, southern states ultimately rejected women’s voting when Congress sent the Nineteenth Amendment to the states for ratification. Yet, in one of history’s more ironic turn of events, the South did deliver the most important ruling on women’s enfranchisement, as Tennessee rendered the necessary vote to successfully ratify the Nineteenth Amendment. This study examines the tumultuous relationship between white southerners and the women’s suffrage movement. Yet, this does not tell a story of ultimate victory as was the case with Tennessee. Rather, I present a more typical outcome for southern suffragists by tracing events in Georgia, the first southern state to formally reject the Nineteenth Amendment during its ratification process. Though the movement’s efforts in this state nominally failed, Georgia presents an important case study of southern politics in the midst of the Progressive Era and Jim Crow. Most especially, it speaks to the particular situation of southern white suffragists, who simultaneously pushed for social change along the lines of gender while trying to maintain, or at least not threaten, traditional racial and class hierarchies. 2 The women’s suffrage movement in Georgia and the South at large has received limited attention in scholarly literature. While numerous works have addressed the achievement of women’s rights during the early twentieth century, historians have less frequently highlighted the important experience of women’s suffrage campaigns in the American South. Perhaps this relative inattention rests upon the assumption that since the South largely rejected the Nineteenth Amendment, few significant suffrage efforts took place in the region. 1 Nevertheless, the tireless efforts of the pioneer suffrage historian A. Elizabeth Taylor suggest otherwise, as she carefully chronicled suffrage movements in many individual southern states. These works, completed approximately fifty years ago (in many cases), have remained the definitive studies on suffrage movements in individual southern states, including Georgia. Taylor’s pieces consist largely of descriptive narratives with little or no theoretical basis, and they communicate only the most basic information about the movement’s major events. Georgia’s suffrage movement deserves reexamination in light of new perspectives and frameworks in historical studies. 2 The two most significant and more recent studies that explore women’s suffrage in the South are Marjorie Spruill Wheeler’s New Women of the New South and Elna C. Green’s Southern Strategies . Both have made important contributions to our 1 In addition to Tennessee, the state that delivered the necessary three-fourths majority for the amendment’s ratification, Kentucky, Texas and Arkansas were prominent exceptions from the South; however, with the exception of Tennessee, the rest could not be considered “Deep South” states, thus indicating the relative difficulty many southern women faced in the region. 2 Taylor’s work includes studies on Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee and Texas. As is the case with Georgia, most of these works remain the definitive studies on this subject, Taylor’s works lack a theoretical base and are largely descriptive, thus demanding a more analytical approach in light of the gains made in historical research and inquiry over the past couple of decades. See Bibliography for full citations. 3 understanding of the southern suffrage movement as a variant of the national narrative. Using a biographical approach that examines the lives of twelve southern suffragists, Wheeler asserts that the suffrage movement gained momentum in the South when its participants offered women’s voting as an expediency measure to counteract black political power in the 1890s. When this strategy failed largely due in part to black disenfranchisement measures passed during the period, the suffrage movement limped along in the South until the Progressive Era provided the necessary inspiration to reinvigorate it. Wheeler argues that race continued to shape suffrage arguments in the 1910s, but that southern suffragists had expanded their arguments to include progressive social reform legislation and leaned less on white supremacist rhetoric as a strategic aim. Green disputes Wheeler’s emphasis on race, contending that “southern women did not band together and work for ten or twenty (or more) years to obtain the ballot in order to outvote their black neighbors.” Rather, she claims that southern suffragism arose as a middle-class response to problems produced by urbanization and industrialization in the region; she argues that suffrage debates concerning the race issue typically occurred only as a response to anti-suffragist prodding and were secondary to primary concerns of women’s suffragists, such as civil reform and labor regulation.
Recommended publications
  • Working Mothers and the Postponement of Women's
    SUK_FINAL PROOF_REDLINE.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 3/13/2021 4:13 AM WORKING MOTHERS AND THE POSTPONEMENT OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS FROM THE NINETEENTH AMENDMENT TO THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT JULIE C. SUK* The Nineteenth Amendment’s ratification in 1920 spawned new initiatives to advance the status of women, including the proposal of another constitutional amendment that would guarantee women equality in all legal rights, beyond the right to vote. Both the Nineteenth Amendment and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) grew out of the long quest to enshrine women’s equal status under the law as citizens, which began in the nineteenth century. Nearly a century later, the ERA remains unfinished business with an uncertain future. Suffragists advanced different visions and strategies for women’s empowerment after they got the constitutional right to vote. They divided over the ERA. Their disagreements, this Essay argues, productively postponed the ERA, and reshaped its meaning over time to be more responsive to the challenges women faced in exercising economic and political power because they were mothers. An understanding of how and why *Professor of Sociology, Political Science, and Liberal Studies, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and Florence Rogatz Visiting Professor of Law (fall 2020) and Senior Research Scholar, Yale Law School. Huge thanks to Saul Cornell, Deborah Dinner, Vicki Jackson, Michael Klarman, Jill Lepore, Suzette Malveaux, Jane Manners, Sara McDougall, Paula Monopoli, Jed Shugerman, Reva Siegel, and Kirsten Swinth. Their comments and reactions to earlier iterations of this project conjured this Essay into existence. This Essay began as a presentation of disconnected chunks of research for my book, WE THE WOMEN: THE UNSTOPPABLE MOTHERS OF THE EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT (2020) , but the conversations generated by law school audiences nudged me to write a separate essay to explore more thoroughly how the story of suffragists’ ERA dispute after the Nineteenth Amendment affects the future of constitutional lawmaking.
    [Show full text]
  • Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012
    Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012 Jennifer E. Manning Information Research Specialist Colleen J. Shogan Deputy Director and Senior Specialist November 26, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL30261 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Women in the United States Congress: 1917-2012 Summary Ninety-four women currently serve in the 112th Congress: 77 in the House (53 Democrats and 24 Republicans) and 17 in the Senate (12 Democrats and 5 Republicans). Ninety-two women were initially sworn in to the 112th Congress, two women Democratic House Members have since resigned, and four others have been elected. This number (94) is lower than the record number of 95 women who were initially elected to the 111th Congress. The first woman elected to Congress was Representative Jeannette Rankin (R-MT, 1917-1919, 1941-1943). The first woman to serve in the Senate was Rebecca Latimer Felton (D-GA). She was appointed in 1922 and served for only one day. A total of 278 women have served in Congress, 178 Democrats and 100 Republicans. Of these women, 239 (153 Democrats, 86 Republicans) have served only in the House of Representatives; 31 (19 Democrats, 12 Republicans) have served only in the Senate; and 8 (6 Democrats, 2 Republicans) have served in both houses. These figures include one non-voting Delegate each from Guam, Hawaii, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Currently serving Senator Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) holds the record for length of service by a woman in Congress with 35 years (10 of which were spent in the House).
    [Show full text]
  • Study Guide for the Georgia History Exemption Exam Below Are 99 Entries in the New Georgia Encyclopedia (Available At
    Study guide for the Georgia History exemption exam Below are 99 entries in the New Georgia Encyclopedia (available at www.georgiaencyclopedia.org. Students who become familiar with these entries should be able to pass the Georgia history exam: 1. Georgia History: Overview 2. Mississippian Period: Overview 3. Hernando de Soto in Georgia 4. Spanish Missions 5. James Oglethorpe (1696-1785) 6. Yamacraw Indians 7. Malcontents 8. Tomochichi (ca. 1644-1739) 9. Royal Georgia, 1752-1776 10. Battle of Bloody Marsh 11. James Wright (1716-1785) 12. Salzburgers 13. Rice 14. Revolutionary War in Georgia 15. Button Gwinnett (1735-1777) 16. Lachlan McIntosh (1727-1806) 17. Mary Musgrove (ca. 1700-ca. 1763) 18. Yazoo Land Fraud 19. Major Ridge (ca. 1771-1839) 20. Eli Whitney in Georgia 21. Nancy Hart (ca. 1735-1830) 22. Slavery in Revolutionary Georgia 23. War of 1812 and Georgia 24. Cherokee Removal 25. Gold Rush 26. Cotton 27. William Harris Crawford (1772-1834) 28. John Ross (1790-1866) 29. Wilson Lumpkin (1783-1870) 30. Sequoyah (ca. 1770-ca. 1840) 31. Howell Cobb (1815-1868) 32. Robert Toombs (1810-1885) 33. Alexander Stephens (1812-1883) 34. Crawford Long (1815-1878) 35. William and Ellen Craft (1824-1900; 1826-1891) 36. Mark Anthony Cooper (1800-1885) 37. Roswell King (1765-1844) 38. Land Lottery System 39. Cherokee Removal 40. Worcester v. Georgia (1832) 41. Georgia in 1860 42. Georgia and the Sectional Crisis 43. Battle of Kennesaw Mountain 44. Sherman's March to the Sea 45. Deportation of Roswell Mill Women 46. Atlanta Campaign 47. Unionists 48. Joseph E.
    [Show full text]
  • Georgia Historical Society Educator Web Guide
    Georgia Historical Society Educator Web Guide Guide to the educational resources available on the GHS website Theme driven guide to: Online exhibits Biographical Materials Primary sources Classroom activities Today in Georgia History Episodes New Georgia Encyclopedia Articles Archival Collections Historical Markers Updated: July 2014 Georgia Historical Society Educator Web Guide Table of Contents Pre-Colonial Native American Cultures 1 Early European Exploration 2-3 Colonial Establishing the Colony 3-4 Trustee Georgia 5-6 Royal Georgia 7-8 Revolutionary Georgia and the American Revolution 8-10 Early Republic 10-12 Expansion and Conflict in Georgia Creek and Cherokee Removal 12-13 Technology, Agriculture, & Expansion of Slavery 14-15 Civil War, Reconstruction, and the New South Secession 15-16 Civil War 17-19 Reconstruction 19-21 New South 21-23 Rise of Modern Georgia Great Depression and the New Deal 23-24 Culture, Society, and Politics 25-26 Global Conflict World War One 26-27 World War Two 27-28 Modern Georgia Modern Civil Rights Movement 28-30 Post-World War Two Georgia 31-32 Georgia Since 1970 33-34 Pre-Colonial Chapter by Chapter Primary Sources Chapter 2 The First Peoples of Georgia Pages from the rare book Etowah Papers: Exploration of the Etowah site in Georgia. Includes images of the site and artifacts found at the site. Native American Cultures Opening America’s Archives Primary Sources Set 1 (Early Georgia) SS8H1— The development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. Illustration based on French descriptions of Florida Na- tive Americans.
    [Show full text]
  • Ss8h7abcd SUMMARY - the New South – Racism – Civil Rights Activists of the Early 20Th Century
    SS8H7abcd SUMMARY - The New South – Racism – Civil Rights Activists of the Early 20th Century SS8H7a Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton TOM WATSON and the POPULIST POLITICAL PARTY Exposition, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, the 1906 Atlanta Riot, the Leo Frank Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia during this period. As a US Congressman and Senator from Georgia and leader of the Populists Political Party, Tom Watson helped support Georgia’s poor and struggling farmers. He created the RFD (Rural Free Delivery) which helped deliver US mail to people living in rural areas that helped build roads and bridges. Tom Watson opposed (was against) the New South movement and many of the conservative Democrat politicians. He believed that new industry in the South only helped people living in urban areas and did not benefit rural farmers. Early in his career Tom Watson tried to help both white AND black sharecroppers, but later in politics he became openly racist. COUNTY UNIT SYSTEM Elections were decided by a unit vote and not by a popular vote of the people. The population in each county determined how many unit votes a candidate would receive. There were 8 Urban counties that had the most population, but they only received six unit votes each. There were 30 Town counties that received four unit votes each. Finally, there were 121 Rural counties that received 2 unit votes each. This allowed small rural counties to have a lot of power in politics, however, the majority of the population of Georgia resided in Urban and Town counties.
    [Show full text]
  • Andrew Sledd Revisited Terry L. Matthews, Phd / Mount Airy, North Carolina
    Journal of Southern Religion, Volume 6 (December 2003) The Voice of a Prophet: Andrew Sledd Revisited Terry L. Matthews, PhD / Mount Airy, North Carolina In 1902, Andrew Sledd, a professor of Latin at Emory College published “a strong denunciation of lynching in the Atlantic Monthly.” The furor that followed the article’s appearance led the president of Emory, James Dickey, “to ask for Sledd’s resignation.” For the next 100 years, Emory University sought to gloss over or ignore this stain on its institutional soul.1 Not until April 2002, at a special symposium held to commemorate the controversy, did the University act to “right a wrong committed a century ago by revisiting the ‘Sledd affair’ and reflecting on its meaning for Emory today.”2 Indeed, Andrew Sledd’s life and work had meaning far “A man with the beyond the borders of the Emory campus. He was one of the key figures responsible for undermining the ruling courage of his orthodoxies of race, education and religion that held convictions, Sledd Southern culture in an iron grip for far too long. Although was prepared to pay hardly perfect, Sledd was one of those rare persons who a high price for his possessed the character and courage to labor heroically dissent as he for a new South, even though he was only able to see and greet it from afar. A self styled “Apostle of the New embarked on a life South,” Sledd spoke out forcefully against the “infidelity long struggle against of the orthodox” proclaiming a gospel of “righteousness the ‘blind adherents’ and social service” that would inspire his students at Emory College and the Candler School of Theology to of racism, anti- 3 intellectualism, and become agents of change across the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Westward Expansion and Indian Removal
    Unit 6: The New South SS8H7 Griffith-Georgia Studies THE BIG IDEA SS8H7: The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918. Evaluate- to make a judgment as to the worth or value of something; judge, assess Griffith-Georgia Studies SS8H7a SS8H7a: Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton Expositions, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, The 1906 Race Riot, the Leo Frank Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia between 1877 and 1918 Evaluate- to make a judgment as to the worth or value of something; judge, assess Griffith-Georgia Studies Bourbon Triumvirate SS8H7a Bourbon Triumvirate- GA’s 3 most powerful politicians during the Post-Reconstruction Era. Brown They were… John B. Gordon Joseph E. Brown Alfred H. Colquitt Shared power between Colquitt the governor and senate seats from 1872-1890 Gordon Griffith-Georgia Studies John B. Gordon SS8H7a Father owned a coal mine and he worked there when the Civil war broke out. Gained notoriety in the war as a distinguished Confederate officer. Wounded 5 times Political leader Generally acknowledged as head of the Ku Klux Klan in GA Member of the Bourbon Triumvirate Served multiple terms in the U.S. Senate Governor of GA from 1886 to 1890 Griffith-Georgia Studies Joseph E. Brown SS8H7a Born in SC moved to GA Briefly attended Yale Became lawyer and businessman The Civil War governor of GA One of the most successful politicians in GA’s history. Member of the Bourbon Triumvirate Brown served as a U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Racism – Civil Rights Activists of the Early 20Th Century
    ©HAE All rights reserved The New South – Racism – Civil Rights Activists of the Early 20th Century SS8H7a Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton TOM WATSON and the POPULIST POLITICAL PARTY Exposition, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, the 1906 Atlanta Riot, the Leo Frank Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia during this period. As a US Congressman and Senator from Georgia and leader of the Populists Political Party, Tom Watson helped support Georgia’s poor and struggling farmers. He created the RFD (Rural Free Delivery) which helped deliver US mail to people living in rural areas that helped build roads and bridges. Tom Watson opposed (was against) the New South movement and many of the conservative Democrat politicians. He believed that new industry in the south only helped people living in urban areas and did not benefit rural farmers. Early in his career Tom Watson tried to help both white AND black sharecroppers, but later in politics he became openly racist supporting disenfranchising blacks. COUNTY UNIT SYSTEM Elections were decided by a unit vote and not by a popular vote of the people. The population in each county determined how many unit votes a candidate would receive. There were 8 Urban counties that had the most population, but they only received six unit votes each. There were 30 Town counties that received four unit votes each. Finally, there were 121 Rural counties that received 2 unit votes each. This allowed small rural counties to have a lot of power in politics, however, the majority of the population of Georgia resided in Urban and Town counties.
    [Show full text]
  • Louisville Women and the Suffrage Movement 100 Years of the 19Th Amendment on the COVER: Kentucky Governor Edwin P
    Louisville Women and the Suffrage Movement 100 Years of the 19th Amendment ON THE COVER: Kentucky Governor Edwin P. Morrow signing the 19th Amendment. Kentucky became the 23rd state to ratify the amendment. Library of Congress, Lot 5543 Credits: ©2020 Produced by Cave Hill Heritage Foundation in partnership with the Louisville Metro Office for Women, the League of Women Voters, Frazier History Museum, and Filson Historical Society Funding has been provided by Kentucky Humanities and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this program do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities or Kentucky Humanities. Writing/Editing: Writing for You (Soni Castleberry, Gayle Collins, Eva Stimson) Contributing Writers and Researchers: Carol Mattingly, Professor Emerita, University of Louisville Ann Taylor Allen, Professor Emerita, University of Louisville Alexandra A. Luken, Executive Assistant, Cave Hill Heritage Foundation Colleen M. Dietz, Bellarmine University, Cave Hill Cemetery research intern Design/Layout: Anne Walker Studio Drawings: ©2020 Jeremy Miller Note about the artwork: The pen-and-ink drawings are based on photos which varied in quality. Included are portraits of all the women whose photos we were able to locate. Suff•rage, sŭf’•rĭj, noun: the right or privilege of voting; franchise; the exercise of such a right; a vote given in deciding a controverted question or electing a person for an office or trust The Long Road to Voting Rights for Women In the mid-1800s, women and men came together to advocate for women’s rights, with voting or suffrage rights leading the list.
    [Show full text]
  • Michigan History Day State Champions 2017
    MICHIGAN HISTORY DAY STATE CHAMPIONS 2017 Student Name City School Entry Title Category Award Special Award Lisha Chadda Ada Eastern High School We Shall Overcome: Senior Division Individual National Finalist When Children Took A Website Stand for Civil Rights Samantha Conkling Ada Eastern Middle School Bravery Against Slavery: Junior Division Group Website National Finalist Best Entry in Use of Primary The Stono Rebellion's Sources (Sponsored by the Fight For Freedom Michigan Archival Association) Maya Gates Ada Eastern Middle School Bravery Against Slavery: Junior Division Group Website National Finalist Best Entry in Use of Primary The Stono Rebellion's Sources (Sponsored by the Fight For Freedom Michigan Archival Association) Carli Kennett Ada Eastern Middle School Dr. Seuss: Before there Junior Division Group National Alternate was Horton, there was Performance Hitler Kyle Korte Ada Eastern Middle School The Germ of American Senior Division Individual National Finalist Freedom: John Peter Paper Zenger Taking the Stand for Free Press Zoe Kukla Ada Eastern Middle School Dr. Seuss: Before there Junior Division Group National Alternate was Horton, there was Performance Hitler Lizzie Mathias Ada Homeschool-Lisa The Personal Is Political: Senior Division Individual National Finalist The Best Entry in Use of Mathias Alison Bechdel's Feminist Documentary Arts/Music and LGBT Activism Maggie Mesler Ada Eastern Middle School Anna Howard Shaw: Junior Division Group Website Elly Peterson Award for Taking A Stand For Michigan Women's History Women's Suffrage (Sponsored by the Michigan Women's Studies Association) Claire Parish Ada Eastern High School Gifford Pinchot: Taking a Senior Division Individual National Finalist Stand for Conservation Paper Ariana Piccione Ada Eastern Middle School Anna Howard Shaw: Junior Division Group Website Elly Peterson Award for Taking A Stand For Michigan Women's History Women's Suffrage (Sponsored by the Michigan Women's Studies Association) Megan Schestag Ada Eastern Middle School Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Candler, Warren A. (Warren Akin), 1857-1941
    CANDLER, WARREN A. (WARREN AKIN), 1857-1941. Warren A. Candler papers, 1846-1977 Emory University Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library Atlanta, GA 30322 404-727-6887 [email protected] Descriptive Summary Creator: Candler, Warren A. (Warren Akin), 1857-1941. Title: Warren A. Candler papers, 1846-1977 Call Number: Manuscript Collection No. 2 Extent: 38.25 linear ft. (80 boxes), 2 bound volumes (BV), 1 oversized bound volumes (OBV), and 1 oversized papers box (OP) Abstract: Papers of Methodist clergyman and bishop, editor, and educator Warren Aiken Candler. Language: Materials entirely in English. Administrative Information Restrictions on Access Unrestricted Access Terms Governing Use and Reproduction All requests subject to limitations noted in departmental policies on reproduction. Source Gift, 1942, with subsequent additions. Citation [after identification of item(s)], Warren A. Candler papers, Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University. Processing Processed by Harriet E. Amos, July 1977; Revision by Virginia J. H. Cain, Processing Archivist, March 1989 This finding aid may include language that is offensive or harmful. Please refer to the Rose Library's harmful language statement for more information about why such language may appear and ongoing efforts to remediate racist, ableist, sexist, homophobic, euphemistic and other Emory Libraries provides copies of its finding aids for use only in research and private study. Copies supplied may not be copied for others or otherwise distributed without prior consent of the holding repository. Warren A. Candler papers, 1846-1977 Manuscript Collection No. 2 oppressive language. If you are concerned about language used in this finding aid, please contact us at [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Suffrage Resource Guide
    Women’s Suffrage Resource Guide Photo courtesy of Grand Rapids Public Library Created in 2020 to honor the centennial of the 19th Amendment, this resource guide can be used broadly by suffrage researchers, interested individuals, book clubs, youth group leaders, K -12 educators, home-schooling parents, and extended education programs. For the Greater Grand Rapids Women’s History Council, www.ggrwhc.org by Ruth Stevens (with thanks to Wendy Marty for supplementary material) Contents • Overview of the Suffrage Movement in the United States • Women of Color and the Suffrage Movement • Suffrage Movement in Michigan: State and Local Resources • Michigan Places in Suffrage History • Events Celebrating the 19th Amendment in 2020 • Contemporary Voting Laws and Issues • Additional Resources • Activities • Test Yourself Definitions “Suffrage” means “the right to vote.” The word “suffrage” comes from the Latin word “suffragium,” which means “support” or “aid.” Suffrage advocates in the U.S. movement called themselves “suffragists,” not “suffragettes.” The latter term was introduced to belittle suffragists. See, https://www.nps.gov/articles/suffragistvssuffragette.htm. Overview of the Suffrage Movement in the United States Many websites have information about the women’s suffrage movement. The following sites give a good overview of the movement, which stretched from before the 1848 Seneca Falls convention in New York to the enactment of the 19th Amendment in 1920. https://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/19th-amendment-1 https://www.neh.gov/article/winning-vote-divided-movement-brought-about-nineteenth-
    [Show full text]