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(Southern Myanmar at the Present) Immigrated to Thailand. They Were from Three Kingdoms: Thaton, Hanthawaddy and Mottama

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(Southern Myanmar at the Present) Immigrated to Thailand. They Were from Three Kingdoms: Thaton, Hanthawaddy and Mottama 1 1. History of Thai Mon In the past, Mon people from Mon town (Southern Myanmar at the present) immigrated to Thailand. They were from three kingdoms: Thaton, Hanthawaddy and Mottama. As the three kingdoms had been under the state of war and oppression from being colonized since the beginning of establishment, they immigrated to Thailand to live under the royal protection for many times. The total immigration of Mon people to Thailand was nine times; six times of the immigration were during Ayutthaya period, one time was in Thonburi period and two times were in Ratthanakosin period. The first immigration was in 2082 B.E. in the reign of King Chairachathirat after Hanthawaddy fell to the invasion of King Tabinshwehti. The important immigration was in 2127 B.E. when King Naresuan announced the declaration of independence from the Burmese Taungoo Empire at Muang Kleang. Many Mon people in various towns who had been oppressed during the war followed King Naresuan to Thailand. The last important immigration was in the reign of King Nangklao in 2367 B.E. After Burma became a British colony, Burma was immediately annexed as a province of British India. As a Mon who migrated to Siam, Chao Phaya Mahayotha was afraid that his kinships would be in a dangerous situation, he therefore asked for kind permission from King Nangklao to migrate Mon people to Siam. Mon Ban Muang Community, Banpong District Ban Muang or Wat Muang is a big Mon community in Banpong District, Ratchaburi Province. From the telling of villagers, it is believed that the first group of ancestors migrated from Burma in the reign of King Naresuan (2133 – 2148 B.E.) by following a Mon monk named Pramaha Terakhunchorng. They resided along the Mae Klong River and decided to use the same name as in Mon town “Ban Muang” (Kwan Krerk) and later they built the temple of their village named “Wat Muang”. Mon Community in Nakornchum, Banpong District From the document study and historical telling from the seniors in Mon village, in the reign of Somdet Pra Ramathibodi II, Rattanakosin Period (2355 B.E.), there were a lot of Mon descendants immigrated through the Three Pagodas Pass in Karnchanaburi Province, and resided around the border towns of Siam in Karnchanaburi Province. 2 In each town, there was a chief who was Raman. Later, they moved to live along Maeklong basin in Ban Tapha area in order to seek for places to start their occupation. From the assumption, the villagers especially the chief of the Raman had gathered Mon people to make a living from that time on and after that the place was called Tapha village, Ban Tha It (the word It means a brick in Thai). The name of the village was from the main occupation of villagers as they were famous brick makers. In addition, the area where the chief of the Raman gathered was named “Nakorn Choom” which meant the community of the chiefs of towns. Mon Community, Wat Khong Kha Ram, Photharam District Wat Khong Kha Ram is a Mon temple that located in Phothararm District. It was first built by Praya Mon who immigrated along Maeklong River and settled down in the north of the district in the late Ayutthaya period to Thon Buri period and the beginning of Rattanakosin period. Altogether, Mon Raman people who immigrated to reside along the Maeklong River renovated an old temple in order to use as the central temple for religious services in Mon tradition. The temple named “Kei To” in Mon language as or Central temple. The temple was prosperous during the reign of King Rama IV and was sponsored by Chao Chom Manda Krin and offered to be a royal temple. The temple was royally given new name as “Wat Khong Kha Rarm”. There are some important archaeological sites inside the temple. Ubosot, the chapel with the main Buddha image, is surrounded by 7 Raman pagodas. These Raman pagodas were built to represent 7 Raman Praya. (Praya is the position that conferred by the king). There were valuable mural paintings inside the Ubosot created by Bangkok technician in the late of Rama III period. Moreover, there were nine Thai-tradition style houses for monks arranged as a local museum to display arts and valuables of Mon since ancient times. Mon community in Ratchaburi Province live in 3 districts as follows: 1. Banphong District (Ban Muang Sub-District, Nakornchoom Sub-District and Kungphayorm Sub-District) 2. Photharam District (Don Krabueng Sub-District, Klongtakot Sub-District, Chumrae Sub-District, Soifha Sub-District and Taopoon Sub-District) 3. Bangpae District (Don Yai Sub-District) .
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