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Smithsonian Year \ ^^1. V? ^ # I < rr. f ithsonian Institution Smithsonian Year Annual Repoil: for the Snnithsonian Institution for the Year Ended Septennber 30, 1998 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1999 Cover: Two male one-inch-long Title page: Scientists at the National blennies, Emblemaria pandionis, IVIuseum of Natural History's marine fight over territory from their field station on the island of Carrie burrows in algae-covered pieces Bow Cay, off Belize, study the biodi- of coral rubble at the National Mu- versity of complex coral reef eco- seum of Natural History's marine systems. Belize's reef is the largest laboratory on the island of Carrie barrier reef in the western hemi- Bow Cay, off Belize. Studies of the sphere, offering a relatively undis- behavioral ecology of this and many turbed, environmentally healthy other species are helping scientists "laboratory" for learning about the to understand the competitive utiliza- interrelationships among coral reef tion of space and other resources organisms in their natural environ- by organisms in complex coral reef ment. (Photograph by Carl C. ecosystems. (Photograph by Hansen) Carl C. Hansen) Back cover: Research by Dr Judith Frontispiece: This powerful self-por- Zilczer, curator of paintings at the trait from 1917 by Kohno Michisei Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture (1895-1950), an influential member of Garden, revealed that Willem de Japan's third generation of pro- Kooning (American, b. The Nether- gressive Western-style artists, is lands, 1904-97) created this oil paint- modeled on a self-portrait by ing on paper immediately upon Albrecht Durer painted in 1500. One learning of the assassination of of the definitive Japanese works of John F. Kennedy. As a result of that the early 20th century, it was a gift to discovery, the subtitle {John F. the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery from Kennedy) was added to the title the artist's son Shuntatsu Kohno Reclining Man, and the painting was and the Kohno family in memory of assigned a new, earlier date of 1963. their father on the occasion of the museum's 10th anniversary. CONTENTS SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 6 STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY 9 REPORT OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS 19 REPORT OF THE PROVOST 23 MUSEUMS AND RESEARCH INSTITUTES Anacostia Museum and Center National Air and Space Museum 34 National Zoological Park 44 for African American History National Museum of African Art 35 Smithsonian Astrophysical and Culture 24 National Museum of American Observatory 45 Archives of American Art 25 Art 37 Smithsonian Center for Latino Arthur M. Sackler Gallery 27 National Museum of American Initiatives 46 Center for Folklife Programs and History 38 Smithsonian Center for Materials Cultural Studies 28 National Museum of the Research and Education 47 Cooper-Hewitt, National Design American Indian 39 Smithsonian Environmental Museum 29 National Museum of Natural Research Center 48 Freer Gallery of Art 30 History 40 Smithsonian Tropical Research Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture National Portrait Gallery 42 Institute 49 Garden 32 National Postal Museum 43 EDUCATION, MUSEUM, AND SCHOLARLY SERVICES REPORT OF THE UNDER SECRETARY 6i DEVELOPMENT AND MEMBERSHIP 71 AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS 89 John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts 89 National Gallery of Art 90 Reading Is Fundamental, Inc. 91 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 92 FINANCIAL REPORT 93 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The Smithsonian Institution was created by act of The Secretary Mrs. Mary T Kinnear 1. Michael Heyman, Secretary Mrs. Marie L. Knowles Congress in 1846 in accordance with the terms of Constance Berry Newman, Under Secretary The Hon. Marc E. Leland the will of James Smithson of England, who in 1826 J. Dennis O'Connor, Provost Mr. Donald G. Lubin Thomas D. Blair, Inspector General Mrs. Elizabeth S. MacMillan bequeathed his property to the United States of Robert V. Hanle, Executive Director for Mr. John D. Macomber America "to found at Washington, under the name Development Mrs. Holly Madigan Donald L. Hardy, Director of Government Mr. Frank N. Magid of the Smithsonian Institution, an establishment for Relations Mrs. Millicent Maillard, ex officio the increase and diffusion of knowledge among James M. Hobbins, Executive Assistant to Mrs. Adrienne B. Mars the Secretary Mr. Michael McBride men." After receiving the property and accepting the John E. Huerta, General Counsel Mrs. Nan Tucker McEvoy trust. Congress vested responsibility for administer- David J. Umansky, Director of Mr. Kenneth B. Miller Communications The Hon. Norman Y. Mineta ing the trust in the Smithsonian Board of Regents. L. Carole Wharton, Director of the Office of Mr. Thomas D. Mullins Planning, Management, and Budget Mr. John M. Nelson BOARD OF REGENTS AND SECRETARY Mrs. Joan Noto Mr. Heinz C. Prechter September 30, 1998 SMITHSONIAN NATIONAL Mrs. Carol Price BOARD Baron Eric de Rothschild Board of Regents September 30, 1998 Mr. A. R. "Tony" Sanchez William H. Rehnquist, Chief Justice of the Mr. David M. Silfen United States, Chancellor, ex officio Mrs. Jean B. Mahoney, Chair The Hon. Alan K. Simpson Albert Gore Jr., Vice-President of the The Hon. Frank A. Weil, Vice-Chair Ms. Kathleen D. Smith United States, ex officio Mr. Kenneth L. Smith Thad Cochran, Senator from Mississippi Current Members Mr. Clemmie Dixon Spangler Bill Frist, Senator from Tennessee The Hon. Max N. Berry Mr. Kelso Sutton Daniel P. Moynihan, Senator from New York Mrs. Laura Lee Blanton Mrs. Nancy Brown Wellin Sam Johnson, Representative from Texas Mrs. Carolyn S. Blount Mr. Anthony Welters Bob Livingston, Representative from Mrs. Jane C. Bradley Mr. Daniel W. Yohannes Louisiana Mr. Stephen F. Brauer Esteban E. Torres, Representative from The Hon. Henry E. Catto Honorary Members California Mr. Peter R. Coneway Mr. Robert McC. Adams Howard H. Baker Jr., Citizen of the District Mr. Thomas E. Congdon Mr. William S. Anderson of Columbia Mr. Frank Arthur Daniels Mr. Richard P. Cooley Barber B. Conable Jr., Citizen of New York Mr. Archie W. Dunham Mr. Joseph F. Cullman III Louis V. Gerstner Jr., Citizen of Connecticut Dr. Sylvia A. Earle Mr. Charles D. Dickey Jr. Hanna H. Gray, Citizen of Illinois Mrs. Jane B. Eisner Mr. Alfred C.Glassell Jr. Anne d'Harnoncourt, Citizen of Mrs. Patricia Frost The Hon. George C. McGhee Pennsylvania Ms. Nely Galan Justice Sandra D. O'Connor Manuel L. Ibanez, Citizen of Texas Mr. Bert Getz Mr. S. Dillon Ripley Homer A. Neal, Citizen of Michigan Mr. Stephen Hamblett Mr. Wilbur L. Ross Jr. Frank A. Shrontz, Citizen of Washington Mr. Paul Hertelendy Mr. Lloyd G. Schermer Wesley S. Williams Jr., Citizen of the District Mr. S. Roger Horchow Mrs. Gay F. Wray of Columbia Mr. Robert L. James Mrs. Dona Kendall Smithsonian Institution Board of Regents Under Separate Boards of Trustees The Secretary John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts Inspector Planning, Membership Gallery Secretariat National General Management, and of Art and Budget Development Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars The Under The Secretary Provost General Government Communications Special Events Counsel Relations — Public Affairs and — Visitor Information Conference and Associates' Services Reception Center Operations Directorate Business Advancement Museums and Research Education, Museum, and Directorate Institutes Scholarly Services Administration Equal Employment and Minority Smithsonian Associates Anacostia Museum and Center for Center for Museum Studies Affairs Smithsonian Businesses African American History Exhibits Central Human Resources —Retail and Culture Fellowships and Grants Ombudsman —Concessions Archives of American Art International Relations —Product Development and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery/ National Science Resources Center Facilities Licensing Freer Gallery of Art Program for Asian Pacific American Environmental Management and —Smithsonian Press/Productions Center for Folklife Programs and Studies Safety Smithsonian Magazine Cultural Studies Smithsonian Institution Archives Physical Plant Cooper-Hewitt, National Smithsonian Institution Libraries Protection Services Design Museum Smithsonian Institution Traveling Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Exhibition Ser\ice Finance Garden Smithsonian Office of Education Comptroller National Air and Space Museum Sponsored Projects Contracting National Museum of African Art Treasurer National Museum of American Art Other Support Ser\ices: —Renwick Gallery Accessibility Program Information Teclinology National Museum of American Institutional Studies History Scientific Diving Program Imaging, Printing and Photographic National Museum of the Services American Indian Information Technology National Museum of Natural History —Museum Support Center National Portrait Gallery National Postal Museum National Zoological Park Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiatives Smithsonian Center for Materials Research and Education Smithsonian Environmental Research ("enter Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute A COMMUNITY OF DISCOVERERS STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY I. MICHAEL HEYMAN A few years ago, a number of scholars at the Smithsonian convened a meeting at the Na- tional Zoo that they titled "What About Increase?" They were concerned that the research function of the Smithsonian had become the hidden part of the Institution's dual mission to promote "the increase and diffusion of knowledge." It is not, of course, surprising that most Americans think of the Smithsonian principally in terms of our museums and their exhibitions and programs. They are the
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