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The Political Influence of the Maras in El Salvador
Analysis Paper 32/2020 14 October 2020 María Luisa Pastor Gómez The political influence of the maras Visitar la WEB Recibir BOLETÍN ELECTRÓNICO in El Salvador The political influence of the maras in El Salvador Abstract: The Salvadoran gangs and in particular the Mara Salvatrucha (MS13) have been acquiring more and more power within the country, until they have become a real political power. A power with wich all parties have negotiated covertly, either to reduce the high levels of violence in the country or just for electoral purposes, as it has been report by the newspaper ‘El Faro’. The content of the report has been denied by the government but is being investigated by the Attorney General's Office. Keywords: Street gangs, MS13, Bukele, El Salvador, dialogue How to cite this document: PASTOR GÓMEZ, María Luisa. The political influence of the maras in El Salvador. IEEE Analysis Paper 32/2020. http://www.ieee.es/Galerias/fichero/docs_analisis/2020/DIEEEA32_2020LUIPAS_maras Salvador-ENG.pdf and/or bie3 link (accessed day/month/year) *NOTE: The ideas contained in the Analysis Papers are the responsibility of their authors. They do not necessarily reflect the thinking of the IEEE or the Ministry of Defense. Analysis Paper 32/2020 1 The political influence of the maras in El Salvador María Luisa Pastor Gómez The political influence of the maras in El Salvador Resumen: Las pandillas salvadoreñas y en particular la Mara Salvatrucha (MS13) han ido adquiriendo cada vez más poder en el seno del país, hasta convertirse en un poder de facto con el que los partidos políticos han negociado de manera encubierta, ya sea para reducir los altos niveles de violencia del país o con fines electoralistas. -
El Salvador's 2019 Elections
CRS INSIGHT El Salvador's 2019 Elections February 6, 2019 (IN11034) | Related Author Clare Ribando Seelke | Clare Ribando Seelke, Specialist in Latin American Affairs ([email protected], 7-5229) On February 3, 2019, Nayib Bukele, a 37-year-old former mayor of San Salvador and candidate of the Grand Alliance of National Unity (GANA) party, won El Salvador's presidential election. Bukele garnered 53% of the vote, well ahead of Carlos Calleja, a business executive running for a conservative National Republican Alliance (ARENA)-led coalition, with 31.8%, and Hugo Mártinez, a former foreign minister of the leftist Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN), with 14.4%. Bukele's first-round victory occurred amid relatively low voter turnout (44.7%) during a peaceful electoral process observed by the Organization of American States and others. Bukele is set to succeed Salvador Sánchez Cerén (FMLN) as president on June 1, 2019, and serve a single, five-year term. Bukele's election ends 10 years of FMLN government. Who Is Nayib Bukele? Nayib Bukele served as mayor of Nuevo Cuscatlán (2012-2015) and San Salvador (2015-2018) for the FMLN. Prior to entering politics, Bukele worked in family businesses started by his late father, a prominent Salvadoran of Palestinian descent who backed the FMLN financially beginning in the early 1990s. Throughout his political career, Bukele has used social media to connect directly with voters, a new phenomenon in Salvadoran politics. As mayor, he revitalized the historic center of San Salvador and engaged at-risk youth in violence-prevention programs. In 2017, the FMLN expelled him for criticizing the party's leadership. -
Melendez Thesis FINAL
Toward a Theory of Conservative Party Cohesion and Schism: El Salvador’s Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) in Comparative Perspective, 1980-2009 Presented to the Department of Government in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree with honors of Bachelor of Arts Harvard College March 2015 “Un intelectual debe ocuparse de cosas que lo conmueven moralmente. Cuando escribo es porque estoy enojado o preocupado por algo, no porque pienso que debo llenar tal o cual agujero en la literatura. Escribo sobre las cosas que me preocupan cuando me afeito. Y muchas veces me corto.” - Guillermo O’Donnell1 “Si quieren ganar, pues aprendan a ser amigos.” -ARENA Founder Roberto D’Aubuisson, c. 19872 1 “An intellectual must occupy himself with the things that move him morally. When I write it is because I am angry or worried about something, not because I think that I should fill a hole in the literature. I write about the things that bother when I shave in the morning. And many times I cut myself.” Quoted in Spanish in interview by Cecilia Sosa, September 14, 2003. Translation my own. 2 “If you want to win, then learn how to be friends.” Quoted in Spanish by an ARENA Co-Founder, interview by the author, San Salvador, June 23, 2014. Translation my own. !i Table of Contents List of Figures iii Important Acronyms iv Introduction 1 1 Theoretical Perspectives on Conservative Party Cohesion and Schism 18 1.1 Theoretical Framework………………………………………… 19 1.2 Existing Explanations………………………………………….. 31 1.3 Power-Sharing Institutions: Explaining Cohesion…..………… 47 1.4 Power-Sharing Institutions: Explaining Schisms………………. -
El Salvador: Political, Economic, and Social Conditions and U.S
El Salvador: Political, Economic, and Social Conditions and U.S. Relations Clare Ribando Seelke Specialist in Latin American Affairs January 3, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21655 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress El Salvador: Political, Economic, and Social Conditions and U.S. Relations Summary Throughout the last few decades, the United States has maintained a strong interest in El Salvador, a small Central American country with a population of 7.2 million. During the 1980s, El Salvador was the largest recipient of U.S. aid in Latin America as its government struggled against the Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN) insurgency during a 12-year civil war. A peace accord negotiated in 1992 brought the war to an end and formally assimilated the FMLN into the political process as a political party. After the peace accords were signed, U.S. involvement shifted toward helping the government rebuild democracy and implement market- friendly economic reforms. Mauricio Funes of the FMLN was inaugurated to a five-year presidential term in June 2009. Funes won a close election in March 2009, marking the first FMLN presidential victory and the first transfer in political power between parties since the end of El Salvador’s civil war. Funes’ victory followed strong showings by the FMLN in the January 2009 municipal and legislative elections, in which the party won a plurality of the seats in the National Assembly and the largest share of the municipal vote. President Funes still has relatively high approval ratings (69% in November 2010), but faces a number of political, economic, and social challenges. -
El Salvador Una Historia De Afinidad Ideológica No Auditable
RELACIÓNVENEZUELA POLÍTICO-ECONÓMICA EL SALVADOR VENEZUELA Mecanismos de cooperación Alba y Petrocaribe Una historia de afinidad ideológica no auditable Febrero 2019 RELACIÓN POLÍTICO-ECONÓMICA EL SALVADOR VENEZUELA MECANISMOS DE COOPERACIÓN ALBA Y PETROCARIBE: UN RELATO DE OPACIDAD Y DESCONTROL. Históricamente conflictiva e inestable, la centroamericana república de El Salvador vivió una prolonga- da etapa de autoritarismo militar durante el Siglo XX, que duraría más de medio siglo y vería en sus postrimerías el estallido de un conflicto interno. Las fuerzas armadas salvadoreñas se enfrentaron a la insubordinación de elementos guerrilleros representados por el marxista Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN). Una vez alcanzada la paz gracias a los Acuerdos de Esquipulas propuestos por el Grupo Contadora - del cual Venezuela formó parte -, la pacificación de El Salvador y su frágil democracia vieron sustituida la violencia del conflicto armado por la criminalidad producto de la proliferación de grupos pandilleros, además de la pobreza desatendida1 por la propia democracia. Este pequeño país centroamericano con una amplia población pobre, una historia de continuos gobier- nos conservadores y un grupo guerrillero institucionalizado como partido de izquierda, pronto vio sus relaciones políticas y económicas influidas de forma importante por el establecimiento de una relación cercana y preferencial con la Venezuela bolivariana. EL SALVADOR Idioma oficial Español Fecha de independencia 15 de septiembre de 1821 Establecimiento -
Reportes Del CEMOAN Centro De Estudios De Medio Oriente Y África Del Norte CEMOAN Escuela De Relaciones Internacionales - Universidad Nacional Heredia, COSTA RICA
Junio de 2015 Número 19 ISSN: 2215-2768 Reportes del CEMOAN Centro de Estudios de Medio Oriente y África del Norte CEMOAN Escuela de Relaciones Internacionales - Universidad Nacional Heredia, COSTA RICA The Palestinian Kattan family in San Pedro Sula Honduras 1920 Central America and the Middle East: separated by distance, connected by history Sergio I. Moya Mena Introduction Although separated by thousands of miles, there have been important historical links between these two regions. Since the end of the Ottoman Empire, Arab immigrants settled in Central America and established economically prosperous and politically influential communities. Later, during the Cold War, a number of relevant linkages and partnerships were developed between the two regions. In recent years, there is a mutual interest in strengthening cultural and political ties and creating new opportunities for economic and diplomatic cooperation. This paper portrays the development of relations between Central America CEMOAN and the Arab World, highlighting the role of the Arab Diaspora, its economic and political success, the political positions of the countries of the region toward the Arab- Centro de Estudios de Israeli conflict, and other issues relating to the political and diplomatic relations Medio Oriente y África between the two regions. del Norte Although we can identify various types of linkages between Central America cemoan.org and the Arab world dating as far back as the time of Spanish colonization, the most important linkages between the two regions undoubtedly started with Arab Reportes del CEMOAN No. 19 immigrants from the ancient Ottoman between One hundred and fifty Empire, who started settling on the thousand and Two-hundred thousand of American continent during the mid the six million inhabitants of Honduras nineteenth century. -
El Salvador's New Leftist President Faces Daunting Economic Tasks; No Help Expected from a Battered Right Wing LADB Staff
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiCen Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 5-28-2009 El Salvador's New Leftist President Faces Daunting Economic Tasks; No Help Expected From A Battered Right Wing LADB Staff Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/noticen Recommended Citation LADB Staff. "El Salvador's New Leftist President Faces Daunting Economic Tasks; No Help Expected From A Battered Right Wing." (2009). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/noticen/9706 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiCen by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 050836 ISSN: 1089-1560 El Salvador's New Leftist President Faces Daunting Economic Tasks; No Help Expected From A Battered Right Wing by LADB Staff Category/Department: El Salvador Published: Thursday, May 28, 2009 June 2 marks the spot where the march of history in El Salvador turns left. As it leaves the once- inexorable rightward parade route laid out by the Alianza Republicana Nacionalista (ARENA), the country is headed for a good dousing in uncharted waters. El Salvador owes its creditors money, the outlook is for continued economic contraction, and tax receipts are likely to be skimpy until citizens once again have something to pay taxes on. If incoming President Mauricio Funes and his Farabundo Marti para la Liberacion Nacional (FNLN) have anything favorable to look forward to, it is that the opposition is also, for the moment, in a state of diminished capacity. -
Antología Del Pensamiento Crítico Salvadoreño Contemporáneo
.sv Antología del pensamiento crítico salvadoreño contemporáneo .sv Antología del pensamiento crítico salvadoreño contemporáneo Editores Loida Mariela Castro y Roberto Oswaldo López Salazar aael Alonso Menívar Larín Carlos enamín Lara Martínez América odríguez errera éctor Lindo-uentes Ignacio Martín-aró Ignacio Ellacuría Segundo Montes Rubén Zamora | Francisco Javier Ibisate Ricardo Roque Baldovinos | Ernesto Alfonso Selva Sutter éctor Dada irezi María Candelaria Navas Antología del pensamiento crítico salvadoreño contemporáneo / Amparo Marrouín Parducci María Isabel odríguez Rafael Alfonso Menjívar Larín... [et al.]; editado por Loida Mariela Castro; Roberto Oswaldo López Salazar - 1a ed. - Ciudad Autónoma Mario Lungo clés Sonia aires lora landón de Graeda de Buenos Aires: CLACSO, 2018. Libro digital, PDF - (Antologías del pensamiento social José Miguel Cruz | Jeannette Aguilar latinoamericano y caribeño / Gentili, Pablo) Archivo Digital: descarga y online ISBN 978-987-722-316-3 1. Pensamiento Crítico. 2. El Salvador. I. Menjívar Larín, Rafael Alfonso II. Castro, Loida Mariela, ed. III. López Salazar, Roberto Oswaldo, ed. CDD 301 Otros descriptores asignados por CLACSO: .svColección Antologías del Pensamiento Social Latinoamericano y Caribeño Pensamiento Crítico / Intelectuales / Pensamiento Social / Pensamiento Contemporáneo / El Salvador Antología del pensamiento crítico salvadoreño contemporáneo Coordinadores Loida Mariela Castro y Roberto Oswaldo López Salazar aael Alonso Menívar Larín Carlos enamín Lara Martínez América -
EL SALVADOR 2019 Final Report
European Union Election Observation Mission EL SALVADOR 2019 Final Report [Flag of host Presidential Election 3 February 2019 Table of Contents I. Executive Summary and Priority Recommendations ......................................................................... 1 II. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 4 III. Political Context ................................................................................................................................. 4 IV. Implementation of Previous EOM Recommendations ....................................................................... 5 V. Legal Framework ............................................................................................................................... 6 A. International Principles and Commitments .............................................................................. 6 B. Constitutional Human Rights ................................................................................................... 6 C. Electoral Legislation ................................................................................................................ 7 D. Election System ....................................................................................................................... 7 VI. Election Administration ..................................................................................................................... 8 A. Structure and Composition -
Administration of Barack Obama, 2011 Remarks at a State Dinner Hosted
Administration of Barack Obama, 2011 Remarks at a State Dinner Hosted by President Carlos Mauricio Funes Cartagena of El Salvador in San Salvador, El Salvador March 22, 2011 Buenas noches. President Funes, First Lady, former Presidents Cristiani and Saca, distinguished guests, on behalf of Michelle and our daughters, thank you for the wonderful hospitality that's been shown to us here in San Salvador. As many of you know, this has been my first trip through Latin America as President, and this is our final night. We are closer to home. I mean this in more than just a geographical sense. El Salvador is one of those places where the bonds between the United States and Latin America are strongest. Just about every Salvadoran has a loved one or a friend in the United States—husbands and sons, mothers and daughters—working hard, sacrificing every day. They strengthen my country, and they mean so much to El Salvador. They're very much in our thoughts tonight. In my speech in Santiago yesterday, I said that Latin America is not the stereotype of a region in perpetual conflict or trapped in an endless cycle of poverty. I repeat that tonight because many look at a country like El Salvador and only see the struggles. I'm proud to work with President Funes, a courageous leader, to meet those challenges together as partners. But I also want to take this opportunity to pay tribute to the side of this nation that is too often overlooked, which is just as real and just as important. -
To the Kind Attention of HE President Mauricio Funes President of the Republic of El Salvador San Salvador, El Salvador
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE To the kind attention of President Mr. H.V. Ross Robertson, MP, New Zealand H.E. President Mauricio Funes Board President of the Republic of El Salvador Dip. Margarita Stolbizer, Argentina San Salvador, El Salvador Ms. Irene Torshie Addo, MP, Ghana Via: [email protected], [email protected] Sen. Jim Walsh, Ireland Dr. Mahreen Bhutto, MP, Pakistan Hon. Syed Naveed Qamar, MP, Pakistan Mr. Thilanga Sumathipala, MP, Sri Lanka Bogota, Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Paramaribo, Santo Domingo, 2 May 2014 Dr. Ruth Wijdenbosch, MP, Suriname Ms. Marie Nordén, MP, Sweden Dear President Funes, Dr. Yusuf Ziya Irbec, MP, Turkey Mr. Stephen Tashobya, MP, Uganda We are pleased to write to you as members with responsibilities within Parliamentarians for Mr. Mark Pritchard, MP, United Kingdom Global Action (PGA), a global network of more than 1,100 parliamentarians from 140 Dip. Felipe Michelini, Uruguay countries with democratically-elected parliaments around the world who, in our individual Treasurer capacity, promote peace, democracy, the rule of law and human rights. Ms. Margareta Cederfelt, MP, Sweden Your election to the Presidency in June 2009 produced a favorable change in the foreign INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL policy of El Salvador in relation to the International Criminal Court (ICC) since the Chair ratification of the Rome Statute of the ICC was included in the Government platform. Since Dip. Minou Tavárez Mirabal, Dominican Republic then, many Parliamentarians and government officials from Latin American countries, as Councillors well as countries in other regions of the world, visited El Salvador and engaged with your Mr. Kelvin Thompson, MP, Australia Administration to promote the ratification of the Rome Statute. -
ENGOV Working Paper No. 5, 2013 Elites and the Limits of Interactive Environmental Governance in El Salvador
ENGOV Working Paper ENGOV Working paper No. 5, 2013 Series ENGOV ‐ Environmental Elites and the limits of interactive environmental Governance in Latin governance in El Salvador America and the Caribbean: Developing Frameworks for Authors: Benedicte Bull (SUM‐UIO) and Nelson Cuellar (PRISMA) Sustainable and Equitable Natural Resource Use ‐ is a collaborative research project between Latin American and European researchers funded by the European Union (SSH‐CT‐2010‐266710). For more information: Para mayor información: Para mais informações: www.engov.eu The ENGOV working paper series serves to communicate the first results of ongoing ENGOV research, with the aim to stimulate the exchange of ideas and debate at different levels. Inclusion of a paper in the ENGOV Working Paper Series does not constitute publication and should not limit publication in any other venue. Copyright remains with the authors. 1 ENGOV Working Paper Series Published by the Collaborative Research Project ENGOV: Environmental Governance in Latin America and the Caribbean: Developing Frameworks for Sustainable and Equitable Natural Resource Use Copyright for this edition: Benedicte Bull and Nelson Cuéllar ENGOV ‐ Environmental Governance in Latin America and the Caribbean: Developing Frameworks for Sustainable and Equitable Natural Resource Use ‐ cannot be held responsible for errors or any consequences arising from the use of information contained in this Working Paper; the views and opinions expressed are solely those of the author or authors and do not necessarily reflect those of ENGOV. All working papers are available free of charge on our website www.engov.eu. Biographical notes Benedicte Bull is Associate Professor of the Centre for Development and the Environment (SUM), University of Oslo.