List of Contributors

Mostafa Abedinifard Eddy Francisco Alvarez Jr. Assistant Professor without Review of Persian Literary Culture Assistant Professor, Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, and Civilization, Department of Asian Studies, University of Portland State University, Portland, OR British Columbia, Canada JOTERÍA STUDIES TRANSGENDERED SUBJECTIVITIES IN CONTEMPORARY IRAN Francesca Romana Ammaturo Anima Adjepong Lecturer in Sociology and Human Rights, University of Assistant Professor of Sociology, Simmons College, Boston, MA Roehampton, United Kingdom SPORTS, WOMEN IN, AFRICA PRIDE PARADES AND MARCHES

Iván Eusebio Aguirre Darancou Kuukuwa Andam Assistant Professor, Hispanic Studies, University of California, PhD candidate, Queen’s University, Canada Riverside AFROPOP MUSIC BARS, WORKING-CLASS, IN MEXICO GHANA INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE AND SAME-SEX SEXUALITY IN Henni Alava AFRICA Postdoctoral researcher in Development and International Cooperation, University of Jyväskylä, Finland Jedidiah Anderson CHRISTIANITY IN AFRICA: ROMAN CATHOLICISM Visiting Assistant Professor of Arabic, Furman University, Greenville, SC Hend F. Alawadhi THE GAY INTERNATIONAL AND MIDEAST LGBTQI Assistant Professor, College of Architecture, Kuwait University ORGANIZATIONS HIV/AIDS IN EGYPTIAN CINEMA INTERNET QUEER SITES IN THE MIDDLE EAST ORIENTALISM IN GAY PORNOGRAPHY ABOUT THE MIDDLE Michael Allan EAST Associate Professor and Petrone Faculty Scholar, Department PINKWASHING of Comparative Literature, University of Oregon QUEEN BOAT TRIALS (2001–2002) ISKANDARIYYA ... LEH? (1979; YOUSSEF CHAHINE) SEX TOURISM IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Walaa Alqaisiya Grant Andrews Independent scholar, United Kingdom Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa ALQAWS MOFFIE (SIDEBAR)

Lorena Alvarado Martine Antle Assistant Professor, Global Arts, University of California, Professor, School of Languages and Cultures, University of Merced Sydney, Australia VARGAS, CHAVELA (1919–2012) AMER GHADA (1963–)

xxxv LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Jennifer Ash Kaveh Bassiri PhD candidate, University of Illinois at Chicago PhD candidate, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville BLACK FREEDOM MOVEMENT AND SEXUALITY MASCULINITY IN IRANIAN CINEMA TRANSGENDER IDENTITY IN IRANIAN CINEMA Jacinthe A. Assaad Independent scholar, Cairo, Egypt Srimati Basu ASRAR ‘AILIYYAH (2013; HANY FAWZY) Professor, Department of Gender and Women’s Studies, University of Kentucky, Lexington Pablo Assumpção Barros Costa FAMILY LAW IN ASIA Associate Professor of Dance and Performance, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil Katie Batza CARNIVAL AND SEXUALITY IN BRAZIL Assistant Professor of Women, Gender, & Sexuality Studies, University of Kansas Erin Aylward SEXUAL REVOLUTION IN THE UNITED STATES PhD candidate, University of Toronto, Canada ACTIVISM IN AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA Heike Bauer Senior Lecturer, English Literature and Gender Studies, Unoma Azuah Birkbeck University of London, United Kingdom English Department, Illinois Institute of Art, Chicago INSTITUT FÜR SEXUALWISSENSCHAFT NIGERIA Genny Beemyn Paola Bacchetta ’ Director, The Stonewall Center, University of Masschusetts Professor, Department of Gender and Women s Studies, Amherst University of California, Berkeley HIGHER EDUCATION AND LGBTQ+ COMMUNITIES IN THE DYKETACTICS ! UNITED STATES GROUPE DU 6 NOVEMBRE: LESBIENNES ISSUES DU ’ ’ COLONIALISME, DE L ESCLAVAGE ET DE L IMMIGRATION Agatha Beins ’ Simone C. Bacchini Associate Professor and Director of the Master s Program, Department of Multicultural Women’s and Gender Studies, Subject Librarian, Arts and Humanities, The British Library, Texas Woman’s University, Denton United Kingdom LAVENDER MENACE LANGUAGE Pablo Ben Sivan Balslev Lecturer, Department of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies, Associate Professor, Department of History, San Diego State Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel University, CA ARCHIVES IN LATIN AMERICA SHIFTING SEXUAL NORMS IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY IRAN FRENTE DE LIBERACIÓN HOMOSEXUAL Brandon Balzer Carr Jane Bennett PhD candidate, Psychology Department, University of California, Santa Cruz Associate Professor, School of African and Gender Studies, BIOLOGICAL ESSENTIALISM Anthropology and Linguistics, University of Cape Town, South Africa Hongwei Bao FEMINISM, AFRICAN Assistant Professor in Media Studies, University of Niko Besnier Nottingham, United Kingdom CONVERSION THERAPY IN CHINA Professor of Cultural Anthropology, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Alba Barbé i Serra PACIFIC ISLAND AND PACIFIC ISLAND DIASPORA IDENTITIES Research Group on Social Control and Exclusion/Catalan RITUALIZED SAME-SEX PRACTICES IN MELANESIA (SIDEBAR) Anthropology Institute, University of Barcelona Deevia Bhana CHEVALIER D’ÉON OR MADEMOISELLE BEAUMONT (1728– 1810) South African Research Chair (SARChI), University of CROSS-DRESSING IN THE WEST KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa RAPE, CORRECTIVE, IN AFRICA Cynthia Barounis Lecturer in Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Sayan Bhattacharya Washington University in St. Louis PhD candidate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis BROKEBACK MOUNTAIN MSM (MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN) IN ASIA xxxvi GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Natasha Bissonauth Tristan Cabello Visiting Assistant Professor of Writing, Haverford College, Assistant Program Director and Senior Lecturer, Master of Haverford, PA Liberal Arts Program, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, SUNIL GUPTA (1953–) (SIDEBAR) DC GAY LATINO ALLIANCE (GALA) Barbara Bompani Reader in Africa and International Development and Director, Amalia Cabezas Centre of African Studies, School of Social and Political Associate Professor, University of California, Riverside Science, University of Edinburgh, Scotland SEX TOURISM IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN CHRISTIANITY IN AFRICA: PENTECOSTAL AND CHARISMATIC Dan Callwood Joseph Allen Boone Research Associate, School of History, University of Professor of English, Comparative Literature, and Gender Strathclyde, United Kingdom ’ Studies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles COMITÉ D URGENCE ANTI-RÉPRESSION HOMOSEXUELLE OTTOMAN AND PERSIAN MINIATURE PAINTINGS (CUARH)

César Braga-Pinto Gabriela Cano Professor of Brazilian, Lusophone African, and Comparative Professor, Center for Sociological Studies, El Colegio de Literature, Chair, Department of Spanish and Portuguese, Mexico, Mexico City Northwestern University, Evanston, IL MEXICANREVOLUTIONANDSEXUALITY BOM-CRIOULO (1895; ADOLFO FERREIRA CAMINHA) Marvin Carlson Nicholas Bromfield Sidney E. Cohn Distinguished Professor of Theatre and Performance, Comparative Literature and Middle Eastern Lecturer, University of Sydney, Australia Studies, The Graduate Center, The City University of VIETNAM WAR New York Christophe Broqua HOMOEROTICISM IN THE PLAYS OF IBN DANIYAL Centre national de la recherche scientifique, France ’ Erin G. Carlston CÔTE D IVOIRE Professor of English, The University of Auckland, New Zealand Andrew J. Brown TREASON AND QUEERNESS Assistant Professor of Performance Art, Fairhaven College of Interdisciplinary Studies, Western Washington University, Marcelo Carosi Bellingham PhD candidate, New York University FTMINTERNATIONAL NEOLIBERALISM IN LATIN AMERICA GAY LIBERATION FRONT NO PAST, NO PRESENT, NO FUTURE (1973; YULISA AMADU António Fernando Cascais MADDY) (SIDEBAR) Assistant Professor, School of Social and Human Sciences, Department of Communication Sciences, New University of Kathleen Brown Lisbon, Portugal David Boies Professor of History and Faculty Affiliate, Alice GRUPO DE TRABALHO HOMOSSEXUAL AND LES Paul Center for Research on Gender, Sexuality, and Women, University of Pennsylvania Nisrine Chaer THOMAS/THOMASINE HALL COURT CASE (1629) Independent scholar, Netherlands MEEM Sarah Bull Wellcome Research Fellow in Medical Humanities, Meghna Chandra Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University PhD candidate, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia of Cambridge, United Kingdom HIV/AIDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA A THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS Hsin-Chieh Chang Tara Burk Assistant Professor, Institute of Health Behaviors and Lecturer, Department of Women’s and Gender Studies, Community Sciences, National Taiwan University Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey MARRIAGE MIGRATION IN ASIA GRAFFITI AND GRAPHIC ART Stewart Chang Anne Marie E. Butler Professor, William S. Boyd School of Law, University of PhD candidate, State University of New York at Buffalo Nevada, Las Vegas KHOOKHA MCQUEER (1987–) SECTION 377 AND SECTION 377A

GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY xxxvii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Gilbert Chen Ronald Cummings PhD candidate, Washington University, St. Louis, MO Assistant Professor, Faculty of Humanities, Brock University, – ZHENG HE (1371 1433) Canada LITERATURE, CARIBBEAN (ANGLOPHONE AND CREOLE) Pui Kei Eleanor Cheung Researcher, Asian Institute of Social Research, Hong Kong Salvatore D’Angelo SEX REASSIGNMENT SURGERY IN ASIA Visiting Lecturer in Sociology, Susquehanna University, Ta-wei Chi Selinsgrove, PA Associate Professor, Taiwanese Literature, National Chengchi HATE CRIME LAW AND POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES University, Taiwan Rohit K. Dasgupta TONGZHI LITERATURE, TAIWAN Lecturer, Institute for Media and Creative Industries, Howard Chiang Loughborough University, United Kingdom Assistant Professor, Department of History, University of MALAYSIA California, Davis RURAL QUEERNESS ARCHIVES IN ASIA JIANSHUN XIE: THE “FIRST” CHINESE TRANSSEXUAL Sharyn Graham Davies (SIDEBAR) Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences and Public Policy, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand Ezra Chitando WARIA Professor, Department of Religious Studies, University of Zimbabwe María Ximena Dávila ANTHROPOLOGY IN AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA UBUNTU Researcher, Center for the Study of Law, Justice and Society, Dejusticia, Colombia Mark Clement HUMAN RIGHTS AND ACTIVISM IN LATIN AMERICA Independent scholar, Vietnam IMPERIALISM AND COLONIALISM Scott de Groot Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Winnipeg, Canada H. G. Cocks BATHHOUSE RAIDS, TORONTO (1981) Associate Professor, Department of History, University of MATTACHINE SOCIETY Nottingham, United Kingdom TWO-SPIRIT BLACKMAIL Scott De Orio Gerard Coll-Planas Postdoctoral Fellow, Gender and Sexuality Studies Program, Director of the Centre for Interdisciplinary Gender Studies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL University of Vic—Central University of Catalonia, Spain THE CLOSET RESCALVO, SÒNIA (1946–1991) Chelsea Del Rio Ayo A. Coly Assistant Professor of History, Social Science Department, Associate Professor, Comparative Literature and African Studies, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH LaGuardia Community College, Queens, NY, and Governing Board Member, Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & LITERATURE, AFRICAN (FRANCOPHONE) Transgender History Rachel Corbman FEMMES AND BUTCHES PhD candidate, Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Paul R. Deslandes Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY ARCHIVES IN NORTH AMERICA Associate Professor, Department of History, University of LESBIAN HERSTORY ARCHIVES Vermont, Burlington STONE BUTCH BLUES (1993; LESLIE FEINBERG) PORNOGRAPHY SITUATIONAL HOMOSEXUALITY Benjamin A. Cowan Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Gary C. Devilles California, San Diego Assistant Professor, Department of Filipino, Ateneo de Manila COLD WAR AND SEXUALITY IN LATIN AMERICA University Loyola Schools, Philippines BAKLA Jason B. Crawford Instructor, Department of Humanities, Champlain College, Jordi Díez Canada Professor of Political Science, University of Guelph, Canada FORTUNE AND MEN’S EYES MARRIAGE, SAME-SEX, IN LATIN AMERICA xxxviii GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Héctor Domínguez Ruvalcaba SOUTHERN COMFORT CONFERENCE Professor, Department of Spanish and Portuguese, University WALTER MERCADO: QUEER DIGITAL ICON (SIDEBAR) of Texas at Austin QUEER IN LATIN AMERICA Richard J. Ellis Mark O. Hatfield Professor of Politics, Willamette University, Lisa Downing Salem, OR Professor of French Discourses of Sexuality, University of SCOUTING Birmingham, United Kingdom DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DIS- Fatima El-Tayeb ORDERS (DSM) Professor of Literature and Ethnic Studies, University of California, San Diego Gregg Drinkwater STRANGE FRUIT PhD candidate, University of Colorado, Boulder Lukas Engelmann RELIGION AND SAME-SEX BEHAVIORS: JUDAISM Chancellor’s Fellow, Science, Technology, and Innovation Donna Drucker Studies, University of Edinburgh, Scotland Senior Advisor, English as the Language of Instruction, HIV/AIDS IN EUROPE Language Resource Centre, Technische Universität Marc Epprecht Darmstadt, Germany KINSEY SCALE Professor, Department of Global Development Studies, Queen’s University, Canada Bruce E. Drushel COLONIALISM IN AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA Professor, Media and Culture, Department of Media, ETHIOPIA Journalism, and Film, Miami University, Oxford, OH GANGS AND STREET KIDS IN AFRICA HUNGOCHANI (SIDEBAR) HIV/AIDS INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE AND SAME-SEX SEXUALITY IN Karma Dupchen AFRICA NJINGA (R.1624–1663) (SIDEBAR) LGBT Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan BHUTAN ’ John Nguyet Erni LHAK-SAM, BHUTAN SNETWORKFORHIV-POSITIVE Fung Hon Chu Endowed Chair of Humanics and Head of the PEOPLE (SIDEBAR) Department of Humanities and Creative Writing, Hong Kong Vicki Eaklor Baptist University WV. REGISTRAR OF MARRIAGES (2013) Professor of History (retired), Alfred University, Alfred, NY HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN Jorge Estrada ’ Peter Edelberg Visiting Assistant Professor, Women s and Gender Studies Department, State University of New York, Oneonta External Lecturer, Saxo Institute, University of Copenhagen, JOTERÍA STUDIES Denmark – THE UGLY LAW (1961 1965; DENMARK) Jennifer Evans Professor, Department of History, Carleton University, Franz X. Eder Canada Professor, Department of Economic and Social History, PHOTOGRAPHY IN EUROPE University of Vienna, Austria PSYCHOPATHIA SEXUALIS (1886; RICHARD VON Christopher Ewing KRAFFT-EBING) Assistant Professor, Department of History, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond Iain Edwards ACT UP IN EUROPE (SIDEBAR) Independent researcher, South Africa ANTI-RACIST ACTIVISM IN EUROPE INXEBA (2017; JOHN TRENGOVE) (SIDEBAR) ARCHIVES IN EUROPE ATTACKS ON PRIDE DEMONSTRATIONS IN MOSCOW Matthew J. Edwards (SIDEBAR) Associate Professor of Spanish, University of Missouri, PRIDE DEMONSTRATIONS IN EUROPE Kansas City VON MAHLSDORF, CHARLOTTE (1928–2002) EL BESO DE LA MUJER ARAÑA (1976; MANUEL PUIG) Nicole Fares Austin Eklund Independent scholar, Alpharetta, GA PhD candidate, University at Albany, State University of COMBAHEE RIVER COLLECTIVE New York COMING-OUT/COMING-IN DISCOURSES IN THE MIDDLE DEFENSE OF MARRIAGE ACT (1996) EAST

GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY xxxix LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

HOMOSEXUAL ACTS IN SHARI‘A Rui Garrido HUMAN RIGHTS AND QUEER ARAB REFUGEES – – PhD candidate, ISCTE University Institute of Lisbon I LUV U BUT (2012 2014; FADIA ABBOUD) (ISCTE-IUL), Portugal, and Researcher, Center for LESBANESE (2008; ALISSAR GAZAL) International Studies, University Institute of Lisbon (CEI- TRAVEL/TRAVELOGUES ON THE MIDDLE EAST IUL), Portugal Stephen Farrier MOZAMBIQUE Reader in Theatre and Performance, Royal Central School of Claudia Sofía Garriga-López Speech and Drama, University of London, United Kingdom THEATER, QUEER Assistant Professor of Queer and Trans Latinx Studies, California State University, Chico David William Foster TRANSFEMINISM Regents’ Professor of Spanish and Women and Gender Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe Johannes Lukas Gartner POETS IN LATIN AMERICA Director of Programs, Humanity in Action, Germany MIGRATION TO EUROPE Timothy Frasca Research Project Manager, HIV Center for Clinical and Alicia Gaspar de Alba Behavioral Studies, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Professor, Department of Chicana/o Studies, University of Columbia University California, Los Angeles HIV/AIDS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN SOR JUANA INÉS DE LA CRUZ (1648–1695) Jane Freeland Patrizia Gentile Teaching Associate, Department of History, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom Associate Professor, Carleton University, Canada “ ” COMMUNISM AND QUEERS IN EUROPE WE DEMAND PROTEST (1971)

Andrea Friedman Dina Georgis Professor, Departments of History and Women, Gender, and Associate Professor, Women and Gender Studies Institute, Sexuality Studies, Washington University in St. Louis University of Toronto, Canada LAVENDER SCARE ANĀ HIYA ANTI (2000; ELHAM MANSOUR)

Elisabeth Jay Friedman Mark Gevisser Chair and Professor, Politics Department, University of San Independent scholar, South Africa Francisco, CA REFUGEES AND IMMIGRATION POLICIES DIGITAL CULTURES IN LATIN AMERICA Toorjo Ghose Stuart Frost Head of Interpretation, British Museum, London, United Associate Professor, School of Social Policy and Practice, Kingdom University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia MUSEUMS AND MEMORIALS HIV/AIDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA

Kaciano Gadelha Geoffrey J. Giles Postdoctoral Fellow, Graduate Program in Arts, Federal Emeritus Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Ceará, Brazil University of Florida, Gainesville GRUPO GAY DA BAHIA SCANDALS IN EUROPE

Marcia M. Gallo Mwangi Githahu Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Journalist, South Africa Nevada, Las Vegas RAFIKI (2018; WANURI KAHIU) (SIDEBAR) DAUGHTERS OF BILITIS Richard Godbeer Flor de María Gamboa Solís Professor–Investigator, Universidad Michoacana de San Director, Humanities Research Center and Professor of Nicolás de Hidalgo, Mexico History, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond THESODOMYCASEAGAINSTNICHOLASSENSION SIDEBAR LESBIAN MOTHERING AND ADOPTION IN LATIN AMERICA ( )

Germán Garrido Jonathan Goldberg Assistant Professor, Borough of Manhattan Community Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor of English Emeritus, College, NY Emory University, Atlanta, GA ARGENTINA’S GENDER IDENTITY LAW CONQUEST AND SODOMY IN LATIN AMERICA xl GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

María Mercedes Gómez GHILMAN Assistant Professor, Department of Criminology, Saint Mary’s SAME-SEX RELATIONS IN ARABIC VERSIONS OF THE NIGHTS University, Canada, and Founding Member, Red (SIDEBAR) Latinoamericana de Académicas/os del Derecho (Red Atlas) HUMAN RIGHTS AND ACTIVISM IN LATIN AMERICA Hanan Hammad Associate Professor and Director of Middle East Studies, Texas Billy Gong Christian University, Fort Worth PhD candidate, University of Hong Kong, China SHARAF (1997; SUN‘ALLAH IBRAHIM) QT V. HONG KONG IMMIGRATION DEPARTMENT (2017) Kifah Hanna James N. Green Associate Professor of Language and Culture Studies, Trinity Director, Brazil Initiative and Carlos Manuel de Céspedes College, Hartford, CT Chair of Latin American History, Brown University, BAYRUT ’75 (1975; GHĀDA AL-SAMMĀN) Providence, RI HAJAR AL-DAHIK (1990; HODA BARAKAT) HERBERT DANIEL (1946–1992): BRAZILIAN AIDS ACTIVIST (SIDEBAR) Stan Hawkins – MADAME SATÃ (1900 1976) Professor in Popular Musicology, University of Oslo, Norway POPULAR MUSIC AND QUEER IDENTITIES Nathaniel Greenberg Assistant Professor of Arabic, George Mason University, Dan Healey Fairfax, VA Professor of Modern Russian History and Director, Russian IMARAT YA‘KUBIAN (2002; ALAA AL-ASWANY) and East European Studies Centre, University of Oxford, Sophia Greene United Kingdom Independent scholar, Indianapolis, IN RUSSIAN GAY PROPAGANDA LAW SUNIL BABU PANT AND OTHERS V. NEPAL GOVERNMENT (2007) Kadin Henningsen PhD candidate, University of Illinois Craig Griffiths CISGENDERORCIS Lecturer in Modern History, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom Dag Henrichsen STONEWALL RIOTS, INTERNATIONAL EFFECTS OF Department of History, University of Basel, Switzerland NAMIBIA Lucinda Grinnell Part-time faculty, Women’s and Gender Studies, Montgomery Rainer Herrn College, Rockville, MD Lecturer and Researcher, Institute for the History of Medicine LESBIAN FEMINIST ENCUENTROS OF LATIN AMERICA AND and Ethics in Medicine, Berlin University Hospital Charitè, THE CARIBBEAN Germany, and Associate, Magnus Hirschfeld Society, Germany Georgina Guzmán ELBE, LILI (1882–1931) Assistant Professor of English, California State University TRANSVESTITES/TRANSSEXUALS Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA GENDERED VIOLENCE AND FEMINICIDE IN LATIN AMERICA Neville Hoad Samar Habib Associate Professor of English, University of Texas at Austin THE QUIET VIOLENCE OF DREAMS (2001; K. SELLO DUIKER) Research Associate, School of Oriental and African Studies, (SIDEBAR) University of London, United Kingdom ASWAT Emily K. Hobson BAREED MISTA3JIL: TRUE STORIES (2009) Assistant Professor of History and Gender, Race, and Identity, NUZHAT AL-ALBĀBFĪMĀ LĀ YUJAD FĪ KITĀB (AḤMAD IBN YUSUF AL-TIFĀSHĪ) University of Nevada, Reno QUEER NAMES AND IDENTITY POLITICS IN THE ARAB CENTRAL AMERICAN SOLIDARITY MOVEMENT WORLD THE NICARAGUAN REVOLUTION VICTORIA MERCADO BRIGADE (SIDEBAR) Chelsea E. Hall PhD candidate, Harvard University Jacqueline Holler TIBET Associate Professor, Department of History/Women’s and Gender Studies Programs, University of Northern British Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila Columbia, Canada Professor of Arabic and Islamic Studies, University of INQUISITION, CRIMINAL COURTS, AND SEXUALITY IN Edinburgh, United Kingdom COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA

GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY xli LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Michael J. Horswell Adrian Jjuuko Professor of Spanish and Latin American Literature, Florida Executive Director, Human Rights Awareness and Promotion Atlantic University, Boca Raton Forum (HRAPF)–Kampala, Uganda, and LLD Candidate, THIRD GENDERS Centre For Human Rights, University of Pretoria KABAKA MWANGA (1866–1901) (SIDEBAR) Adnan Hossain UGANDA Research Fellow in Social and Cultural Anthropology, VU University Amsterdam, Netherlands, and Affiliated Tiffany Fawn Jones Researcher, Amsterdam Research Centre for Gender and Professor of African History, California State University, San Sexuality, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Bernardino ROOPBAAN ETHNOPSYCHIATRY HIJRAS IN BANGLADESH (SIDEBAR) Rebecca Joubin Ingrid Hotz-Davies Associate Professor, Arab Studies, Davidson College, Professor for English Literature and Gender Studies, University of Tübingen, Germany Davidson, NC ZUQAQ AL MIDAQ NAGUIB MAHFOUZ CAMP - (1947; )

Amory H. W. Hui George H. Junne Jr. Independent scholar, Hong Kong Professor, Africana Studies Program, University of Northern TONGZHI Colorado, Greeley EUNUCHS Candy Hurtado PhD candidate, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton Cristel M. Jusino Díaz CONFESSIONAL MANUALS IN COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA Assistant Director of Student Affairs, Graduate School of Arts and Science, New York University William Maynard Hutchins JESUSA RODRÍGUEZ (1955–) (SIDEBAR) Department of Philosophy and Religion, Appalachian State PUERTO RICANS IN THE DIASPORA University, Boone, NC AL-DIZIL (1994; THANI AL-SUWAIDI) J. Miguel Kanai MUFĀKHARAT AL-JAWĀRĪ WA-AL-GHILMĀN (AL-JĀḤIẒ) Lecturer in Human Geography, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom Jan Simon Hutta URBAN QUEERNESS Assistant Professor, Institute of Geography, University of Bayreuth, Germany Melinda D. Kane PARADA DO ORGULHO LGBT DE SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC Z’étoile Imma SODOMY LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES Assistant Professor, English and Africana Studies, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA Dredge Byung’chu Kang BEV DITSIE (1971–) (SIDEBAR) Faculty, Department of Anthropology, University of NKOLI, SIMON (1957–1998) California, San Diego Robert McKee Irwin ASIA PACIFIC TRANSGENDER NETWORK KATHOEY Professor of Spanish, University of California, Davis THAI K-POP ELBAILEDELOS41 Shuchi Karim Sureshi M. Jayawardene Assistant Professor, Department of Africana Studies, San Researcher, Gender and Diversity Centre, Radboud Diego State University, San Diego, CA University, Netherlands SEX TOURISM IN ASIA KUCHU (SIDEBAR) LANGUAGE IN AFRICA Richard A. Kaye Régine Michelle Jean-Charles Associate Professor, Hunter College, The City University of Associate Professor of French, Boston College, Boston, MA New York LITERATURE, CARIBBEAN (FRANCOPHONE) AESTHETICISM AND DECADENCE, NINETEENTH-CENTURY

Hoching Jiang Séagh Kehoe PhD candidate, American University, Washington, DC PhD candidate, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom MARRIAGE, SAME-SEX, IN TAIWAN TIBET xlii GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Amanda Kennedy Roman Kuhar Assistant Professor, Department of Criminal Justice and Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Ljubljana, Sociology, Curry College, Milton, MA Slovenia PENIS ANTI-GENDER MOVEMENT IN EUROPE METELKOVA MESTO (SLOVENIA) Faris A. Khan Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, State Rushaan Kumar University of New York, Potsdam Assistant Professor of Feminist and Gender Studies, Colorado PAKISTAN, “QUEER” College, Colorado Springs ATHLETES, TRANS AND INTERSEX, IN ASIA – Kareem Khubchandani PINKI PRAMANIK (1986 ) (SIDEBAR) Assistant Professor, Department of Drama and Dance and the David Kuria Mbote Program in Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Tufts University, Medford, MA Independent researcher, Nairobi, Kenya KENYA ASIFA LAHORE (SIDEBAR) DRAG, ASIAN Anita Kurimay Irvin Kinnes Assistant Professor of History, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Research Associate, Centre of Criminology, University of Cape Mawr, PA EGYMÁSRA NÉZVE (1982; KÁROLY MAKK) Town, South Africa GANGS AND STREET KIDS IN AFRICA James Kwateng-Yeboah ’ Gary Kinsman PhD candidate, Queen s University, Canada FRANTZ FANON (1925–1961) (SIDEBAR) Professor Emeritus of Sociology, Laurentian University, Canada Lawrence La Fountain-Stokes CANADIAN CRIMINAL CODE REFORM (1969) Associate Professor of American Culture and Romance Guillain Koko Languages and Literatures, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor LANGUAGE IN LATIN AMERICA Human rights lawyer and social justice activist, Safe Space for LGBTI refugees program at Church World Service (CWS), Sky H. L. Lau South Africa Demonstrator, Department of Sociology, University of Hong REFUGEES AND ASYLUM IN AFRICA Kong TONGZHI Alexander Kondakov Postdoctoral researcher, Aleksanteri Institute, University of David D. Leitao Helsinki, Finland Professor and Chair, Classics Department, San Francisco State CHECHNYA, DETENTION CAMPS IN University, CA SACRED BAND OF THEBES Mzilikazi Koné Lecturer, University of California, Riverside Uli Lenart SEX TOURISM IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Bookseller, Gay’s the Word Bookshop, United Kingdom GAY’S THE WORD BOOKSHOP (SIDEBAR) Travis S. K. Kong Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Kirsten Leng Hong Kong Assistant Professor, Women, Gender, Sexuality Studies, TONGZHI University of Massachusetts Amherst RÜLING, ANNA (1880–1953) Alireza Korangy President, Societas Philologica Persica, New York, NY Brian Lewis SEX REASSIGNMENT SURGERY IN IRAN Professor of History, McGill University, Canada OFFENCES AGAINST THE PERSON ACT (1861) Sophia Koutsoyannis THE ORDER OF CHAERONEA Teacher, Marianopolis College, Canada THE WOLFENDEN REPORT SLAVERY AND SODOMY IN BRAZIL Eva Cheuk-Yin Li Kel Kroehle Graduate teaching assistant, King’s College London, United PhD candidate, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Kingdom HIV/AIDS IN SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA ZHONGXING PHENOMENON

GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY xliii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Xavier Livermon Martin F. Manalansan IV Assistant Professor, African and African Diaspora Studies Associate Professor of Anthropology and Asian American Department, The University of Texas at Austin Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign ARCHIVES IN AFRICA MIGRANT QUEER COMMUNITIES, US

Meghan Lundrigan Kevin Markwell PhD candidate, Carleton University, Canada Professor, School of Business and Tourism, Southern Cross AIDS MEMORIAL QUILT—THE NAMES PROJECT – University, Australia BARBIN, HERCULINE (1838 1868) GAY EUROPEAN TOURISM ASSOCIATION

J. Daniel Luther Zethu Matebeni PhD candidate, School of Languages, Cultures and Senior Researcher, Institute for Humanities in Africa, Linguistics, SOAS University of London, United Kingdom University of Cape Town, South Africa DISSIDENCE IN SINGAPORE CAPE TOWN HONG LIM PARK: A CENTER OF LGBT DISSIDENCE (SIDEBAR) QUEER THEORY, AFRICAN Frida Lyonga Pauline Mateveke PhD Fellow, University of Basel, Switzerland Lecturer, University of Zimbabwe CAMEROON ZIMBABWE Mehammed Amadeus Mack Mark Mathuray Assistant Professor of French Studies, Smith College, Northampton, MA Senior Lecturer, Royal Holloway, University of London, HOMONATIONALISM IN AFRICA United Kingdom MAGHREB LITERATURE, AFRICAN (ANGLOPHONE) SEX WORK/SEX TOURISM/SEX TRAFFICKING IN AFRICA TANGIER (SIDEBAR) Steven Maynard Assistant Professor, Department of History, Queen’s Vera Mackie University, Canada Senior Professor of Asian Studies, University of Wollongong, FOUCAULT, INFLUENCE OF Australia MILITARISM AND SEXUALITIES IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC REGION Mandisa Mbali Senior Lecturer, Department of Historical Studies, University Yesenia Madrigal García of Cape Town, South Africa Psychologist, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HIV/AIDS IN AFRICA Hidalgo, Mexico ZACKIE ACHMAT AND THE TREATMENT ACTION CAMPAIGN LESBIAN MOTHERING AND ADOPTION IN LATIN AMERICA (SIDEBAR)

Leida (LK) Mae Aminata Cécile Mbaye Graduate Teaching Assistant, Women, Gender and Sexuality Assistant Professor, Department of Romance Literatures and Studies, University of Oregon Comparative Studies, University of Bayreuth, Germany BDSM (BONDAGE AND DISCIPLINE, DOMINANCE AND KARMEN GEÏ (2001; JOSEPH GAÏ RAMAKA) (SIDEBAR) SUBMISSION, SADISM AND MASOCHISM) SENEGAL Miral Mahgoub al-Tahawy Babacar M’baye Associate Professor of Modern Arabic Literature, School of Associate Professor of Pan-African Literature and Culture, International Letters and Cultures, Arizona State University, Tempe Kent State University, Kent, OH BENGA, FRANÇOIS “FÉRAL” (1906–1957) HENA MAYSARA (2007; KHALED YOUSSEF)

Nadeem Mahomed John McAllister Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Cape Town, South Africa Senior Lecturer (retired), Department of English, University of RELIGION AND SAME-SEX BEHAVIORS: ISLAM Botswana BOTSWANA Hilary Malatino Assistant Professor, Department of Women’s, Gender, and Sam McBean Sexuality Studies and Philosophy, Pennsylvania State Senior Lecturer in Gender, Sexuality, and Contemporary University Culture, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom INTERSEX IDENTITIES ORGASM AND ORGASMOLOGY xliv GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Shaka McGlotten Alison M. Moore Associate Professor of Media Studies, Purchase College, State Senior Lecturer in Modern European History, Western University of New York Sydney University, Australia PHONE APPS HISTORICAL SEXES

Dominic McGoldrick Melina Alice Moore Professor of International Human Rights Law, University of PhD candidate, Graduate Center, City University of New Nottingham, United Kingdom York HUMAN RIGHTS QUEER THEORISTS

Jodie Medd Bonnie J. Morris Associate Professor, Department of English Language and Lecturer, Department of History, University of California, Literature, Carleton University, Canada Berkeley THE WELL OF LONELINESS (1928; RADCLYFFE HALL) BOOKSTORES THE LESBIAN MUSIC MOVEMENT Mariela Méndez Associate Professor, Latin American, Latino, and Iberian Thabo Msibi Studies, and Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Associate Professor, Curriculum and Education Studies, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa EL TEJE (SIDEBAR) SOUTH AFRICA

Thérèse Migraine-George Alan Msosa Professor of Romance Languages and Literatures and Research Affiliate, Centre on Law and Social Transformation, Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, University of University of Bergen, Norway Cincinnati INTERNET IN AFRICA WOUBI CHÉRI (1998; PHILIP BROOKS, LAURENT BOCAHUT) MOST-AT-RISK POPULATIONS (MARPS) (SIDEBAR) (SIDEBAR) Stephen O. Murray Francisco Miguel El Instituto Obregón, San Francisco, CA – Master, Department of Social Anthropology, Universidade de E. E. EVANS-PRITCHARD (1902 1973) (SIDEBAR) Brasília, Brazil CABO VERDE Kati Mustola Researcher, University of Helsinki, Finland Florian G. Mildenberger TOM OF FINLAND (1920–1991) Professor, Institute for the History of Medicine, Robert Bosch Foundation, Germany Robert Myers MEDICINE, COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE Professor, Department of English, American University of Beirut, New York, NY Alfredo Mirandé TUQUS AL-ISHARAT WA-AL-TAHAWWULAT (1994; SA‘DAL- LAH WANNOUS) Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Ethnic Studies, University of California, Riverside Subhi Nahas MUXES Founder, Spectra Project Gregory Mitchell SPECTRA PROJECT Associate Professor, Program in Women’s, Gender, and Catherine Jean Nash Sexuality Studies, Williams College, Williamstown, MA CABARET THEATER IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Professor of Geography, Brock University, Canada CRUISING AND CRUISING GROUNDS THE BODY POLITIC SPORTS AND SEXUALITY IN LATIN AMERICA Shad Naved Navaneetha Mokkil Assistant Professor, School of Letters, Ambedkar University Assistant Professor, Center for Women’s Studies, Jawaharlal Delhi, India Nehru University, India TRANSGENDER MUSLIMS PORNOGRAPHY IN ASIA A QUEER READING OF THE CHINESE SOFT-CORE FILM SEX Sibongile Ndashe AND ZEN II (1996) (SIDEBAR) Executive Director, Initiative for Strategic Litigation in Africa, LEZHIN: SOUTH KOREAN WEBTOONS FOR MATURE AUDI- South Africa ENCES (SIDEBAR) AFRICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN AND PEOPLES’ RIGHTS

GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY xlv LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Basile Ndjio ONE DAY I WILL WRITE ABOUT THIS PLACE (2011; Associate Professor of Anthropology, University of Douala, BINYAVANGA WAINAINA) (SIDEBAR) Cameroon WITCHCRAFT/OCCULT IN AFRICA Seth Palmer Predoctoral Fellow, Carter G. Woodson Institute, University Hassan J. Ndzovu of Virginia, Charlottesville Senior Lecturer in Religious Studies, Moi University, Kenya RITUALS AND SAME-SEX AND TRANS EXPERIENCE ISLAM IN AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA Shivaji K. Panikkar W. Jake Newsome Professor, School of Culture and Creative Expressions, Bharat Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Center for Advanced Ratna Dr B.R. Ambedkar University, Delhi, India Holocaust Studies, United States Holocaust Memorial THE ART OF IDENTITY IN INDIA Museum PINK TRIANGLE Dimitris Papanikolaou Associate Professor in Modern Greek, University of Oxford, Juliana Makuchi Nfah-Abbenyi United Kingdom Distinguished Professor, Department of English, North CAVAFY, C. P. (1863–1933) Carolina State University, Raleigh FEMME NUE, FEMME NOIRE (2003; CALIXTHE BEYALA) Sarah Parker (SIDEBAR) Lecturer in English, Loughborough University, United Kingdom Rictor Norton SAPPHO, NINETEENTH-CENTURY REDISCOVERY OF Independent scholar, London, United Kingdom MOLLY HOUSES Alpesh Kantilal Patel Associate Professor, Contemporary Art and Theory, Florida Alexandra Novitskaya International University, Miami PhD candidate, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY THE ART OF QUEERING ASIAN MYTHOLOGY ANTISODOMY AND BUGGERY TRIALS OTAKU SEXUALITIES IN JAPAN Geeta Patel Ofer Nordheimer Nur Associate Professor, Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures and Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Teaching Fellow, Department of General and Interdisciplinary University of Virginia, Charlottesville Studies and the Gender and Women’s Studies Program, Tel FIRE (1996; DEEPA MEHTA) Aviv University, Israel ANTI-SEMITISM IN EUROPE David Paternotte S. N. Nyeck Senior Lecturer in Sociology, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Senior Research Fellow, Canterbury Christ Church University, ANTI-GENDER MOVEMENT IN EUROPE United Kingdom, and Research Fellow, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands Kent W. Peacock NEOLIBERALISM IN AFRICA PhD candidate, Florida State University, Tallahassee Jorge Olivares RURAL QUEER COMMUNITIES, US Allen Family Professor of Latin American Literature, Colby Yaron Peleg College, Waterville, ME ANTES QUE ANOCHEZCA (1992; REINALDO ARENAS) Kennedy Leigh Reader in Modern Hebrew Studies, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Anthony Oluoch ANTI-SEMITISM AND ZIONISM Programme Manager, Pan Africa ILGA Lee M. Penyak ACTIVISM IN AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA Professor Emeritus, University of Scranton, PA, and Director Taiwo Adetunji Osinubi of Study Abroad, Diether H. Haenicke Institute for Global Associate Professor of African Literatures, Department of Education, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo English and Writing Studies, University of Western Ontario, SINS AGAINST NATURE IN COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA Canada CINEMA, AFRICAN (ANGLOPHONE) Massimo Perinelli LE DEVOIR DE VIOLENCE (1968; YAMBO OUOLOGUEM) Assistant Professor Emeritus, Historical Institute, Department (SIDEBAR) of North American History, University of Cologne, Germany NOLLYWOOD (SIDEBAR) QUEER THEMES IN ITALIAN NEOREALIST CINEMA xlvi GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

MichaelF.Pettinger Gayatri Reddy Adjunct Instructor, New York University Associate Professor, Gender and Women’s Studies, RELIGION AND SAME-SEX BEHAVIORS: CHRISTIANITY Anthropology, and Global Asian Studies, University of Illinois, Chicago Svanur Pétursson HIJRAS Adjunct Lecturer, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ SEXUAL REVOLUTION IN EUROPE Peter Rehberg Affiliated Fellow, ICI Berlin—Institute for Cultural Inquiry Lindsay Parks Pieper BUTT MAGAZINE Assistant Professor of Sport Management, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, VA Ragan Rhyne ATHLETES, TRANS AND INTERSEX Independent scholar, Brooklyn, NY BFI FLARE: LONDON’S FIRST LGBTQ FILM FESTIVAL (SIDEBAR) Joseph M. Pierce FILM FESTIVALS Assistant Professor, Department of Hispanic Languages and FRAMELINE: THE WORLD’S FIRST LGBTQ FILM FESTIVAL Literature, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (SIDEBAR) FIN DE SIÈCLE SEXUALITY INVERTIDO AND PEDERASTA (SIDEBAR) Niall Richardson Senior Lecturer, Media and Film, School of Media, Film and Mariano Ben Plotkin Music, University of Sussex, United Kingdom Senior Researcher, Centro de Investigaciones Sociales (CIS, MÄDCHEN IN UNIFORM (1931; LEONTINE SAGAN) CONICET-IDES), Argentina, and Professor of History, Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero, Argentina Noah Riseman PSYCHOANALYSIS IN ARGENTINA Associate Professor in History, Australian Catholic University, Ralph J. Poole Australia VIETNAM WAR, LGBTQ+ VETERANS Professor, Department of English and American Studies, University of Salzburg, Austria Greg Robinson EUROVISION SONG CONTEST Professor of History, University of Quebec, Montreal, Canada TURKISH BATHS WILDE TRIALS, INTERNATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF Antonio Prieto-Stambaugh Leticia Robles-Moreno Professor, Department of Theater, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Theatre and PERFORMANCE ARTISTS IN LATIN AMERICA Dance, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA HEMISPHERIC INSTITUTE DIGITAL VIDEO LIBRARY Ela Przybylo Ruth Wynn Woodward Postdoctoral Fellow, Gender, Juana Marí Rodríguez Sexuality, and Women’s Studies, Simon Fraser University, Professor, Department of Ethnic Studies, Unviersity of Canada California, Berkeley – ASEXUALITY TATIANA DE LA TIERRA (1961 2012)

Caroline Radesky Sarah B. Rodriguez PhD candidate, University of Iowa Senior Lecturer, Global Health Studies Program, and Lecturer, HARLEM RENAISSANCE Department of Medical Education, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL George Baylon Radics CLITORIS Lecturer, Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore Danielle Roper HUMAN RIGHTS IN ASIA Provost’s Postdoctoral Scholar, Department of Romance Languages and Literatures, University of Chicago Kumud Rana JAMAICA FORUM FOR LESBIANS, ALL-SEXUALS AND GAYS (J- PhD candidate, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom FLAG) SEXOLOGY IN ASIA MUSEO TRAVESTI DEL PERÚ

David Rayside Katrina C. Rose Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Sexual Diversity Independent scholar, Moline, IL Studies, University of Toronto, Canada COMPTON’S CAFETERIA RIOT (1966) PARENTING RIGHTS IN NORTH AMERICA DARNELL V. LLOYD (1975)

GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY xlvii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Farhang Rouhani Svati P. Shah Professor of Geography, University of Mary Washington, Associate Professor, Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Fredericksburg, VA University of Massachusetts Amherst, and Research Associate, DIASPORAS, QUEER African Centre for Migration and Society, University of Witwatersrand Everett K. Rowson SEX WORK IN ASIA Professor, Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, New York Nishant Shahani University ’ MUKHANNATH Associate Professor, Women s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Program, Department of English, Washington State Dan Royles University, Pullman SECTION 377 IN SOUTH ASIA Assistant Professor of History, Florida International University, Miami Jocelyn Sharlet HIV/AIDS IN THE UNITED STATES Associate Professor of Comparative Literature, University of Ana Lúcia Sá California, Davis HOMOEROTIC POETRY OF ABUNUW ĀS Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and Public Policy (ESPP), Center for International Studies, University Yaron Shemer Institute of Lisbon (CEI-IUL), Portugal Associate Professor of Israel Cultural Studies, Department of MOZAMBIQUE Asian Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill EINAYIM PKUHOT (2009; HAIM TABAKMAN) Hanadi Al-Samman Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, M.W. Shores University of Virginia, Charlottesville University of Colorado, Boulder ISIS GAY TRIALS MISHIMA, YUKIO (1925–1970) PASOLINI’S CINEMATIC ADAPTATION OF A THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS Pete Sigal Professor, Department of History, Duke University, Durham, Jordan Sanderson NC Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Susquehanna ETHNOPORNOGRAPHY University, Selinsgrove, PA FLORENTINE CODEX AND NAHUA SEXUALITY LAMBDA LEGAL DEFENSE AND EDUCATION FUND Kemal Silay Johanna M. Schmidt Professor, School of Global and International Studies, Indiana Senior Lecturer, University of Waikato, New Zealand University, Bloomington SAMOAN FA‘AFĀFINE LITERARY DISCOURSES IN THE OTTOMAN MIDDLE EAST (1500–1900) Paul A. Schroeder Rodríguez Joseli Maria Silva Professor of Spanish, Amherst College, Amherst, MA FRESA Y CHOCOLATE (1993; TOMÁS GUTIÉRREZ ALEA AND Professor of Human Geography, State University of Ponta JUAN CARLOS TABÍO) (SIDEBAR) Grossa, Brazil GRUPO GAY DA BAHIA Tammy S. Schultz Pawan Singh Professor of Strategic Studies, US Marine Corps War College, New Generation Network Scholar, Contemporary History, Quantico, VA Deakin University and the Australia India Institute, University MILITARY LAW AND POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES of Melbourne, Australia THE HUMSAFAR TRUST: INDIA’SOLDESTLGBTORGANIZA- Katherine Schweighofer TION (SIDEBAR) ’ Visiting Assistant Professor of Women s, Gender and Sexuality NAZ FOUNDATION INTERNATIONAL Studies, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA LESBIAN LANDS, WOMEN’SLANDS, AND SEPARATIST Nadine Sinno COMMUNES Assistant Professor of Arabic, Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Virginia Tech University, Ali-Asghar Seyed-Gohrab Blacksburg Associate Professor, University of Leiden, Netherlands ‘AWDAT AL-ALMANI ILĀ RUSHDIH (2006; RASHID AL-DAIF) SUFI TREATMENT OF SAME-SEX RELATIONS IN POETRY AND JANNĀTWA-IBLĪS (1992; NAWAL EL SAADAWI) PROSE MISK AL-GHAZAL (1988; HANAN AL-SHAYKH) xlviii GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Emily Skidmore Amanda Lock Swarr Associate Professor, Department of History, Texas Tech Associate Professor, Department of Gender, Women and University, Lubbock Sexuality Studies, University of Washington, Seattle FEMALE HUSBAND CASTER SEMENYA (1991–) (SIDEBAR)

Brice D. Smith Getnet Tadele Independent scholar, Wauwatosa, WI Professor, Department of Sociology, Addis Ababa University, LOU SULLIVAN (1951–1991) (SIDEBAR) Ethiopia ETHIOPIA Nadine Smith Executive Director, Equality Florida, Saint Petersburg Steph Tai MARCHES ON WASHINGTON Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin Law School, Madison Michael Smyth DARNELL V. LLOYD (1975) Associate Professor in Sociology, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA Michael Thomas Taylor HATE CRIME LAW AND POLICY IN THE UNITED STATES Independent scholar, Berlin, Germany LAMBDA LEGAL DEFENSE AND EDUCATION FUND TRANSVESTITES/TRANSSEXUALS

Che Sokol Alexie Tcheuyap PhD candidate, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Professor and Chair, Department of French, University of AL-AKHARUN (2006; SEBA AL-HERZ) Toronto, Canada CINEMA, AFRICAN (FRANCOPHONE) Mariela Solana Assistant Professor of Cultural Practices, Institute of Initial David Tenorio Studies, Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche, Argentina Assistant Professor of Spanish, University of Pittsburgh, PA PORNOTERRORISMO AND POST PORN - THE CUBAN REVOLUTION AND HOMOSEXUALITY SEXILIO AND MIGRATION (SIDEBAR) Antu Sorainen Researcher, University of Helsinki, Finland Liesl Theron GENTRIFICATION IN EUROPE Cofounder, Gender DynamiX, South Africa KINSHIP IN EUROPE TRANS ISSUES IN AFRICA QUEER DOMESTICITY IN EUROPE Kate Thomas Michael Stambolis-Ruhstorfer Chair and Professor of English, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Assistant Professor, American and Gender Studies, University Mawr, PA of Bordeaux Montaigne, France BOSTON MARRIAGE AND WOMEN’SROMANTICFRIENDSHIPS ADOPTION AND SURROGACY IN EUROPE ADOPTION, FOSTERING, AND SURROGACY (INTERNA- Annette F. Timm TIONAL) MARRIAGE, UNIVERSAL, IN EUROPE Associate Professor, Department of History, University of PACTE CIVIL DE SOLIDARITÉ (PACS) (SIDEBAR) Calgary, Canada ELBE, LILI (1882–1931) Jo Stanley Honorary Research Fellow, Maritime Historical Studies Robert Deam Tobin Centre, University of Hull, United Kingdom Professor, Language, Literature, and Culture, Clark LANGUAGE IN EUROPE University, Worcester, MA MERCHANT NAVY (SIDEBAR) CLASSICAL STUDIES MILITARY/NAVY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM Amy Tooth Murphy Charles St-Georges Lecturer in Oral History, Department of History, Royal Assistant Professor of Spanish, Denison University, Granville, Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom OH PULP FICTION, GAY AND LESBIAN CINEMA, LATIN AMERICAN (EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY) Zeb Tortorici Samhita Sunya Associate Professor, Department of Spanish and Portuguese Assistant Professor of Cinema, Department of Middle Eastern Languages and Literatures, New York University & South Asian Languages & Cultures, University of Virginia CONFESSIONAL MANUALS IN COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA THE BUBBLE (2006; EYTAN FOX) SINS AGAINST NATURE IN COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA

GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY xlix LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Otgonbaatar Tsedendemberel Heather Vrana Former executive director, LGBT Centre, Mongolia Assistant Professor, Department of History, University of MONGOLIA Florida, Gainesville EL VAMPIRO DE LA COLONIA ROMA (1979; LUIS ZAPATA) Andrew D. Turner Andrew Wackerfuss Postdoctoral Associate in the Art of the Ancient Americas, Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University, Washington, DC Department of Ancient Art, Yale University Art Gallery, New FEDERICO GARCÍA LORCA AND THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR Haven, CT (SIDEBAR) MOCHE POTTERY NATIONALISM AND SEXUALITY IN EUROPE

Keja L. Valens Anna E. Ward Professor of English, Salem State University, Salem, MA Independent scholar, Sacramento, CA TRAVESTI AND TRANS ACTIVISM IN LATIN AMERICA AND SEXPERTS AND SEX EDUCATION IN THE WEST THE CARIBBEAN Kevin Ward Geraldine Van Bueren Associate Professor in African Religious Studies, University of Professor of International Human Rights Law, Queen Mary Leeds, United Kingdom CHRISTIANITY IN AFRICA: ANGLICAN University of London; Barrister (Middle Temple); Queen’s Counsel (Honoris Causa), and Visiting Fellow, Kellogg Max Weiss College, Oxford Associate Professor of History and Near Eastern Studies, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT (SIDEBAR) Princeton University, Princeton, NJ THE HOLOCAUST AND LGBT VICTIMS (SIDEBAR) HALAT SHAGHAF (1998; NIHAD SIREES) HUMAN RIGHTS IN EUROPE James Welker Adriaan van Klinken Associate Professor, Department of Cross-Cultural Studies, Associate Professor of Religion and African Studies, School of Kanagawa University, Japan Philosophy, Religion, and History of Science, University of BOYS LOVE (YAOI) MANGA Leeds, United Kingdom CHRISTIANITY IN AFRICA: LGBT FRIENDLY Clayton J. Whisnant DESMOND TUTU (1931–) (SIDEBAR) Professor, Department of History, Wofford College, Spartanburg, SC Sherry Velasco BARS AND CABARETS IN EUROPE Professor of Spanish and Gender Studies, Department of Latin ELDORADO (SIDEBAR) FRIENDSHIP SOCIETIES IN EUROPE American and Iberian Cultures, Department of Gender and Sexuality Studies, University of Southern California, Los Lauran Whitworth Angeles – Visiting Assistant Professor, Women, Gender, and Sexuality ERAUSO, CATALINA DE (1592 1650) Studies, St. Mary’s College of Maryland, St. Mary’s City ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND ACTIVISM Vinodh Venkatesh Associate Professor, Foreign Languages and Literatures, Saskia E. Wieringa Virginia Tech University, Blacksburg Professor of Gender and Women’s Same-Sex Relations, CINEMA, LATIN AMERICAN (LATE TWENTIETH AND Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of TWENTY-FIRST CENTURIES) Amsterdam, Netherlands MARRIAGE, WOMAN-WOMAN, IN AFRICA Giovanni Vitiello Graham Willett Professor of Chinese Language and Literature, Department of Asian, African, and Mediterranean Studies, University of Honorary Fellow, School of Historical and Philosophical Naples “L’Orientale,” Italy Studies, University of Melbourne, Australia ARCHIVES IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND PINHUA BAOJIAN (1849; CHEN SEN) AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

Hermann W. von Hesse Di Wu – PhD candidate, University of Wisconsin Madison PhD candidate, University of Warwick, United Kingdom GENDER, FLEXIBLE SYSTEMS, IN AFRICA WILDE IN SINOPHONE CULTURE

Oskaras Vorobjovas-Pinta Farren Yero Lecturer, University of Tasmania, Australia PhD candidate, Duke University, Durham, NC HOUSEBOYS AT RESORTS (SIDEBAR) JUANA AGUILAR: HERMAPHRODITISM AND COLONIAL RESORTS COURTS (SIDEBAR) l GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Yang Yu Jamie J. Zhao PhD candidate, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA PhD candidate, University of Warwick, United Kingdom TRANSGENDER ORGANIZATIONS IN MAINLAND CHINA, NEW MEDIA IN ASIA HONG KONG, AND TAIWAN

Lindsay Zafir Jun Zubillaga-Pow Department of History, Yale University ACT UP Faculty Fellow, Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design Tarek Zeidan PEOPLE LIKE US (PLU) Helem activist, Harvard University HELEM Eileen Zurbriggen Yi Zhang Assistant Professor, Department of Gender and Women’s Professor, Psychology Department, University of California, Studies, University of Kentucky, Lexington Santa Cruz FAMILY LAW IN ASIA BIOLOGICAL ESSENTIALISM

GLOBAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER, AND QUEER HISTORY li