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Surviving the End Surviving The End A study of encounters with post-apocalyptic evil and survival strategies in Matheson’s I am Legend, McCarthy’s The Road, and Kirkman’s The Walking Dead: Compendium One ENG-3992 Kristian Bø Master’s Thesis in English Literature Faculty of Humanities, Social Studies and Education University of Tromsø Spring 2013 “Whoever fights monsters should see to it that in the process he does not become a monster. And when you look into an abyss, the abyss looks back into you” --Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my tutor professor dr.philos. Gerd Karin Bjørhovde. Thank you for your patience, knowledge and your constructive criticism. To Henriette, thank you for your support and tips regarding my thesis. When writing such a paper it is always good to have someone to talk to. Thank you for being there. To my parents and family, thank you for your support and the interest you have shown in my thesis. You have repeatedly asked me the simple question: “What are you writing about?” which prompted me to think: “What Am I writing about?”. iii Abstract In this thesis the aim is to explore the dichotomy/duality of man in three post-apocalyptic texts and discuss how and why survivors react to the post-apocalyptic setting. Since a majority of post- apocalyptic fictional texts focus on the destruction of the world set to contemporary issues, this thesis will explore how the post-apocalyptic setting will force survivors into making difficult survival choices and discuss how the survivors cope with living in a devastated place. Additionally, the thesis will discuss notions of humanity, civility and evil in the selected texts and why these are important. The selected primary sources for this thesis are Richard Matheson’s I am Legend (1954), Cormac McCarthy’s The Road (2006) and Robert Kirkman’s The Walking Dead: Compendium One (2009). iv Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Apocalyptic Interest ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Science Fiction and the Post-Apocalyptic Genre ............................................................................... 3 1.3 Apocalyptic Videogames and other media ......................................................................................... 6 1.4 American Apocalyptic Culture ........................................................................................................... 8 2.0 Post-Apocalyptic Dangers ......................................................................................................... 12 2.1 The new life....................................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Evil and its Post-Apocalyptic Manifestation .................................................................................... 15 2.3 The Zombie – walking Death ............................................................................................................ 16 2.4 The Vampire – a classic monster ...................................................................................................... 17 2.5 The Cannibal – a monstrous necessity? ........................................................................................... 18 2.6 The bandit – the Criminals of the Post-Apocalypse ......................................................................... 19 2.7 Survival choices ................................................................................................................................ 21 2.8 The Evil of man ................................................................................................................................. 24 3.0 Analyzing the texts ...................................................................................................................... 25 3.1 Richard Matheson’s I am Legend ..................................................................................................... 26 3.2 Cormac McCarthy’s The Road ......................................................................................................... 33 3.3 Kirkman, Moore, Adlard and Rathburn’s The Walking Dead: Compendium One .......................... 39 4.0 Group vs. Solo effort: the difference ....................................................................................... 48 4.1 “Charcoal Baby” – The Road .......................................................................................................... 49 4.2 “After the Night” – I am Legend ...................................................................................................... 54 4.3 “Meet the Governor”—The Walking Dead: Compendium One ....................................................... 60 5.0 Comparison: Group dynamics, survival and evil ................................................................ 67 5.1 Comparing the Atlanta group to Robert Neville............................................................................... 69 5.2 Comparing Robert Neville to the Father and Son of The Road ....................................................... 75 5.3 Final Notes Regarding Comparison ................................................................................................. 78 6.0 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 80 7.0 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 82 v vi 1.0 Introduction An apocalyptic event is when a giant-scale catastrophe occurs in the world that kills off most life, and on some occasions leveling cities and buildings turning the world into a lifeless wasteland void of most humans and animals. Post-apocalyptic fictions deal with survivors of the apocalypse, depicting how they cope with living in the new wasteland. This thesis is a study of three fictional post-apocalyptical texts. These texts are Matheson’s I am Legend (1954), McCarthy’s The Road (2004), and Kirkman’s comic book/graphic novel The Walking Dead: Compendium One (2009). The earliest of these texts is set in the 1950’s, and presents a protagonist determined to fix the post-apocalyptic situation. The two other texts are both from the 21st century and depict different ways of dealing with the post-apocalyptic scenario. Based on the apocalyptic event the post-apocalypse can spawn many new dangerous elements. A viral pandemic can create zombies, vampires, or other dangerous mutations. The post-nuclear war society may be threatened by toxic gases, acid rain, fallout, radiation damage and generally hazardous living conditions. The post-apocalyptic wasteland is a dangerous place to be, but do the survivors make this place better or worse? This thesis aims to explore the dichotomy/duality of man in three post-apocalyptic texts and discuss how and why survivors react to the post-apocalyptic setting. This is of great significance to post-apocalyptic fiction as it revolves around a major theme of the genre: survival (strategies). Additionally, by visiting scenes from each text, this thesis will seek information concerning the importance of humanity and morality when discussing the notion of evil. Each scene will be compared to discover the difference in survival, groups versus sole survivor. The thesis will also sometimes use examples from other media to show similarities and further strengthen points made. Certain media, for example video games, allow the ‘experiencer’ to gain control of the narrative and apply their own moral code to the scenario; in a way enter the post-apocalyptic wasteland. 1 1.1 Apocalyptic Interest My interest in the genre started early when I first questioned the lawless nature of the fictional post-apocalyptic world. The post-apocalyptic wasteland is more or less without police and any governing body, and if they are still present they are hidden away from harm. In Kirkman’s comic book/graphic novel The Walking Dead (2010) some survivors believe that the government will come and rescue everybody. Cillian Murphy’s portrayal of protagonist ‘Jim’ in the motion picture “28 Days Later” (2002) by Danny Boyle says it best when prompted that there is no government: ”What do you mean there’s no government? There’s always a government, they’re in a bunker or a plane somewhere”1. When a nuclear bomb destroys most of the world, cities, civilizations and people, the survivors are left with the responsibility to rebuild and re-establish society. This is also a good opportunity for the lawless to take advantage of the situation. The Fallout video game-series proves that re- establishing a functioning civilization is not an easy task and plenty of smaller settlements appear to be of dystopian nature. These settlements are mostly established by power-hungry survivors who just want to be addressed as king or emperor: they have no idea how to properly run the village/settlement. These video games allow the player to step outside the borders of the traditional good-guy bad-guy norms and assume or create a role of your choosing. Dystopias are often created in the aftermath of an apocalyptic event2.This means that society has started to develop and some kind of civilization is taking form. The dystopian state offers
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