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Atti Società Toscana Scienze Naturali, of New Zealand 5: 13-19 ATTI DELLA SOCIETÀ TOSCANA DI SCIENZE NATURALI MEMORIE • SERIE A • VOLUME CXXV • ANNO 2018 Edizioni ETS Con il contributo del Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università di Pisa e della Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Lucca INDICE - CONTENTS D. MAURO, C. BIAGIONI, M. PASERO, F. ZAC- D. BERTONI, M. MENCARONI, Four different CARINI, Crystal-chemistry of sulfates from coastal settings within the Northern Tuscany litto- Apuan Alps (Tuscany, Italy). II. Crystal struc- ral cell: how did we get here? ture and hydrogen bonding system of römerite, Quattro diversi ambienti costieri all’interno del- 2+ 3+ Fe Fe 2(SO4)4(H2O)14. la cella litoranea della Toscana settentrionale: Cristallochimica dei solfati delle Alpi Apuane come siamo arrivati a questo punto? » 55 (Toscana, Italia). II. Struttura e legami a idroge- 2+ 3+ no della römerite, Fe Fe 2(SO4)4(H2O)14. pag. 5 D. PIERUccIONI, S. VEzzONI, M. PETREllI, A pe- trographic and U-Pb geochronological approach to E.J. ANTHONY, Sand and gravel supply from rivers the reconstruction of the pre-Alpine history of Alpi to coasts: A review from a Mediterranean perspec- Apuane (Tuscany). tive. Un approccio petrografico e geocronologico L’apporto di sabbia e ghiaia dai fiumi alle coste: U-Pb per la ricostruzione della storia pre-Alpina una review dal punto di vista del Mediterraneo. » 13 delle Alpi Apuane (Toscana). » 69 L. JASEllI, A. COllARETA, Redescription and A. GATTI, P. MARIANEllI, D. ANDRONICO, A. first illustration of the holotype of Astropecten SBRANA, The December 2015 paroxysms at Mt. montalionis (Meneghini, 1852) [Paxillosida: As- Etna: insights from mineral chemistry and glasses. tropectinidae]. L’eruzione parossistica dell’Etna del dicembre Ridescrizione e prima illustrazione dell’olotipo 2015: indicazioni sul comportamento del sistema di Astropecten montalionis (Meneghini, 1852) di alimentazione dallo studio di minerali e vetri. » 81 [Paxillosida: Astropectinidae]. » 35 P. R. FEDERICI, S. MERLINO, R. GRIFONI, In me- F. RAPETTI, L’alluvione di Livorno del 10 settem- moria di Aldo Giacomo Segre (1918-2018). bre 2017 (Toscana, Italia). In Memoriam Aldo Giacomo Segre (1918-2018). » 93 Leghorn flood on September 10 2017 (Tuscany, Italy). » 45 Processi Verbali - http://www.stsn.it. » 101 Atti Soc. Tosc. Sci. Nat., Mem., Serie A, 125 (2018) http://www.stsn.it/it/AttiA2018/jasellisupplmat.pdf pagg. 35-43, fig. 6; doi: 10.2424/ASTSN.M.2018.21 LUCA JASEllI (1), ALBERTO COllARETA (2) REDESCRIPTION AND FIRST ILLUSTRATION OF THE HOLOTYPE OF ASTROPECTEN MONTALIONIS (MENEGHINI, 1852) [PAXILLOSIDA: ASTROPECTINIDAE] Abstract - L. JASEllI, A. COllARETA, Redescription and first illus- cific differences in terms of feeding habits, including tration of the holotype of Astropecten montalionis (Meneghini, 1852) predators, scavengers, and substrate film-feeders (Jan- [Paxillosida: Astropectinidae]. Astropecten montalionis (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Astropectini- goux, 1982). dae) was first described by Giuseppe Meneghini in 1852 (as Crenaster Sea stars are characterized by a dorsoventrally flat- montalionis), the description following the donation by the munici- tened body consisting of 5 to 50 arms projecting from pality of Montaione (Tuscany, Central Italy) of a sandstone slab with a central disk. Their skeleton consists of a large num- an embedded fossil starfish specimen to the Museo di Storia Naturale ber of unfused ossicles which allow body flexibility. dell’Università di Pisa. This slab was previously embedded in the floor All extant asteroids belong to the crown group Neo- of the main square of Montaione, in front of the church of S. Regolo, and for a long time it was eroded and damaged by pedestrian passage. asteroidea, whose earliest occurrence as fossils dates Unfortunately, the specimen has never been figured in the literature. back to the late Triassic. The earliest neoasteroids were This fossil is here redescribed, taxonomically re-evaluated, and fig- described by Zardini (1973) from the Carnian beds of ured. the St. Cassian Formation (Dolomites, Eastern Alps, Key words - Asteroidea (Echinodermata), Paxillosida, Astropectini- Northeastern Italy). No Paleozoic family crossed the dae, Taxonomy, Pliocene, Meneghini, Italy. Permo-Triassic boundary, and a large fraction of the extant asteroid families (i.e., roughly one-third to one- Riassunto - L. JASEllI, A. COllARETA, Ridescrizione e prima illustrazi- half) are known since the Jurassic (Gale, 1987). one dell’olotipo di Astropecten montalionis (Meneghini, 1852) [Paxil- The Astropectinidae is one of the larger families of losida: Astropectinidae]. Astropecten montalionis venne descritta per la prima volta da Giusep- extant Asteroidea, with 26 genera and 243 species de- pe Meneghini nel 1852 (come Crenaster montalionis), quando la mu- scribed, the genus Astropecten including more than nicipalità di Montaione (Firenze, Toscana) donò al Museo di Storia two fifths of the total number of species in this family Naturale dell’Università di Pisa una lastra di arenaria inglobante i resti (Mah & Blake, 2012). di una stella marina fossile. Questa lastra era posizionata nella piazza Taxonomy of Astropecten, based on morphologi- principale di Montaione, di fronte alla chiesa di S. Regolo, e per molto cal characters of living individuals, was assessed tempo fu soggetta a calpestio e ad una lenta erosione. Nonostante il suo status di olotipo, questo esemplare non venne mai figurato, ragion by Döderlein (1917). Döderlein’s effort was later re- per cui Astropecten montalionis venne talvolta indicata in letteratura appraised by Zulliger & Lessios (2010) who used come species dubia. Il reperto viene qui ridescritto, rivalutato da un molecular phylogenetic approaches to resolve general punto di vista tassonomico e infine illustrato. taxonomic issues. Genetic data highlighted a few cases Parole chiave - Asteroidea (Echinodermata), Paxillosida, Astropectini- of synonymy but also suggested that, despite the abun- dae, Tassonomia, Pliocene, Meneghini, Italia. dance of species in the genus Astropecten, many new species have still to be described, increasing even more the alpha-diversity within this genus. INTRODUCTION Most astropectinids occur in cold waters (based on sea-surface temperatures ranging between 0 and 5°C), Asteroids (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), also known as with a minority of species inhabiting tropical and/or “starfish” or “sea stars”, are a highly diversified class subtropical-temperate environments. They both ex- of echinoderms represented by more than 1.900 extant hibit a cosmopolitan distribution and primarily live species grouped in 36 families and approximately 370 in shallow water on sandy or coarser unconsolidated genera (Mah & Blake, 2012). These benthic organisms substrates which prove appropriate for a mainly buri- are present in all the oceans of the world and occur al life mode. These organisms exhibit detritivorous or at all depths, from intertidal to abyssal (i.e., beyond predatory feeding strategies and the latter are able to 6000 m) environments. Asteroids live in a wide range ingest large preys (molluscs, echinoderms and even of habitats and exhibit significant inter and intraspe- other astropectinids; Fernández et al., 2014), thanks (1) Museo di Storia Naturale “Antonio Stoppani”, via Papa Pio XI 32, I-21040 Venegono Inferiore (VA), Italy. Corresponding author e-mail: luca. [email protected]. (2) Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, via Santa Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy. 36 L. JASELLI, A. COLLARETA to the highly extensible muscular dorsal integument 1887). This inhibited subsequent authors from study- (Gale, 1987). In spite of their overall cold water affinities, ing in depth this fossil specimen, as testified by Hess various species of Astropecten currently inhabit the (1955) who referred to Crenaster montalionis as species Mediterranean area, namely: Astropecten aranciacus dubia. (Linnaeus, 1758); A. jonstoni (Delle Chiaje, 1827); A. The present work: (1) provides redescription of irregularis (Pennant, 1777); A. spinulosus (Philippi, Astropecten montalionis, (2) reevaluates its taxonomic 1837); A. bispinosus (Otto, 1823), and A. platyacanthus assessment, and (3) integrates geological and paleoen- Philippi, 1837 (Koehler, 1921; Tortonese, 1965). vironmental data with information about the histori- These extant forms, living in the Mediterranean Sea, cal context of specimen discovery and its subsequent share several morphological characters with some fos- history. Not least, the present work provides the first sil individuals referred to the same genus. Since the illustration of the holotype, 166 years after its original mid-19th Century as already described by several au- description by Meneghini (1852). thors (Savi & Meneghini, 1851; Meneghini, 1852; Ca- The illustration of Astropecten montalionis will pro- vara, 1862; Sacco, 1893, Del Prato, 1896), the Pliocene vide new insights on this astropectinid species, as well marine sediment exposed in Central and Northern as reference for studies to come. Italy (Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna, and Piedmont re- gions) have yielded several complete astropectinid specimens as well as loose ossicles. HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE FOSSIL DISCOVERY Von Linstow (1909) listed all Italian fossil occur- ren- ces of astropectinids known to that date. This The municipality of Montaione (Fig. 1) is located about work can also be useful to outline the timing of 50 km southwest of Florence (Tuscany, Central Italy), discoveries of fossil sea stars in this country. The earliest 342 meters above
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