DOCSLIB.ORG

March 20, 2019

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

March 20, 2019 Local Announcements We would like to thank all of those who have shown our family love, concern, and the support of generous donations on behalf of George. It has truly been a blessing to live here. Thank you, George and Kristie Leafty. Found on March 6th – Shovel on hwy 89 at Corwin Springs. Leave message at 406-848-7253. Join the Electric Peak Arts Council on March 29 for an exciting dinner theater performance of The Interior, inspired by our own backyard! Written and performed by Dr. Nico Wood Kos, The Interior tells the story of stepping of the path of academia and looking for a new trail in Yellowstone National Park. With an infant and a freshly minted Ph.D., Nico spent five months living in the Park’s interior, working to carve out a space for her art. This is her story. Dinner at Wonderland Cafe starts at 6pm, show starts at 6:30pm. Reservations required 406-223-1914. $10 admission added to your bill. If you want to come and listen but don’t want dinner, make a reservation for a seat at the bar or a couch! Park County Automobile Giving Program - Automatic Transmission Specialist in Livingston has partnered with local parts and repair shops, non profit and the Livingston Chamber to start giving cars to people in need. Applications are available at the Gardiner Chamber, ATS, the Livingston Chamber, Community Closet, Community Health Partners, Loaves and Fishes and the Livingston Food Resource Center and should be turned into the Livingston Chamber of Commerce at 303 E. Park St. or emailed to [email protected]. For more information call the Livingston Chamber at 406-222-0850. Local Announcements continued on page 2.... The Gardiner Chamber of Commerce serves our community through developing local tourism while endorsing the stewardship of the Yellowstone Ecosystem. Local Announcements ...continued from page 1 Cozy cottage in Gardiner, Montana for winter rent. Includes living/dining rooms; fully equipped kitchen; bedroom/full bathroom; internet; flat screen TV; washer/dryer. Available for any desirable intervals through mid-April. Please call 406-223-2828. The March CVB meeting has been canceled. See you in April! The next Gardiner Chamber Board of Director’s meeting will be held on Thursday, March 21 at 12:00 p.m. at the Gardiner Chamber of Commerce. Public welcome. Come join us at the Rusty Rail for happy hour, Monday through Sunday 5pm to 6:30pm. Also, come enjoy the new games that we had recently installed on some of the keno machines. Notice is hereby given that a Regular Board Meeting of the Gardiner School District, Board of Trustees, dated Wednesday, March 13th, 2019 has been rescheduled to Tuesday, March 26, 2019, which begins at 6:00PM in the High School Library at 510 Stone Street, Gardiner, Montana 59030. Gardiner School district school trustee election announcement. Gardiner school will have two (2) three (3) year trustee seats open for the May 2019 election. Candidates must file a declaration of intent and oath of candidacy and c1-a statement of candidate. Both forms should be returned to the district clerk’s office at 510 stone street, Gardiner, Mt 59030 by 4:00pm on March 28, 2019.Candidate packets are available at the school office. The 2019 election calendar is posted on the school website.www.gardiner.org . If you have questions you may contact Shelby Detro, school district clerk/election administrator: 848-7563, [email protected]. Gardiner Montana - Upcoming Events EPAC Show: The Interior March 29 EPAC Show: Barn Dance April 13 Missoula Children's Theatre: Alice in Wonderland April 26 Annual Hells A-Roarin' Horse Drive May 25 Gardiner Rodeo June 14 & 15 The Gardiner Original Music Showcase June 29 BrewFest July 20 Shakespeare in the Parks July 21 EPAC Show: Dennish Stroughmatt October 24 For details and more information, visit: VisitGardinerMT.com/events-blog/events 2 3 About the March Equinox www.timeanddate.com On Wednesday, March 20, 2019, the day and night will be of almost equal duration in most time zones in the world. Here are some facts about the March Equinox you might not know. ☼ Also Autumnal Equinox The March equinox is the vernal (spring) equinox in the Northern Hemisphere and the autumnal (fall) equinox in the Southern Hemisphere. ☼ First Equinox of the Year The second equinox, the September equinox, takes place on or around September 22 every year. It's the Southern Hemisphere's spring Equinox and the fall equinox in the Northern Hemisphere. ☼ Marks the First Day of Spring In the Northern Hemisphere, astronomers and scientists use the March equinox as the start of spring, which ends on the June solstice, when astronomical summer begins. For meteorologists, on the other hand, spring in the Northern Hemisphere begins three weeks before the March equinox on March 1 and ends on May 31. ☼ A Specific Time Point in Time Many cultures around the world celebrate the whole day as the March equinox. However, in reality, the equinox occurs at a specific moment in time when the Sun crosses the celestial equator, the imaginary line in the sky above Earth’s Equator, from south to north. At this moment, Earth's axis is tilted neither away from nor towards the Sun, but is rather perpendicular to the Sun's rays, like the illustration shows. In 2019, this is on March 20, at 21:58 UTC. For locations that are more than two hours ahead UTC, it will be on March 21. This is because of the time zone difference. ☼ The Date of the Equinox Can Vary Remember when Spring Equinox was celebrated on March 21? Well, remember again, because the last time that happened was in 2007 and the next time it will happen is in 2101! Contrary to popular wisdom, the March Equinox can take place on March 19, 20 or 21. In the 21st century, the March Equinox has only occurred twice on March 21 – 2003 and 2007. A March 19 equinox will be more frequent during the last decades of the century. Note: These dates are based on the time of the equinox in UTC. Due to time zone differences, locations ahead of UTC may celebrate the March Equinox a day later, and locations behind UTC may celebrate it a day earlier. ☼ Equal Day and Night... Conventional wisdom suggests that on the equinox everybody on Earth gets to experience a day and night of equal lengths – 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of night time. In fact, the name equinox is derived from the Latin words aequus, meaning equal, and nox, meaning night. ☼...But Not Quite In reality though, most places on Earth get to see more daylight than night time on the equinoxes. This is because of two reasons: how sunrise and sunset is defined and atmospheric refraction of sunlight. Why don't the equinoxes have equal day and night? Most locations of Earth, except those on the Equator, do have almost equal day and night twice a year. The dates for this event, which is also known as equilux, depend on the location's latitude and can be a few days before or after the equinoxes. 4 5 Help Wanted Bus Drivers Needed. Gardiner Public Schools is seeking applicants for Bus Driver position. Position is responsible a morning and afternoon bus route as well as opportunities to drive for activities. Position will have a minimum of 16 hours per week with the opportunity for more hours. Individuals must hold a Class B license with a school bus endorsement. Individuals interested in the position should contact Randy Russell, Superintendent at 848-7563. Application materials may be picked up at the school district main office. I am looking for 3 CDL bus drivers passenger certified. 3 Tour guides for the bus tours. These are full day tours of Yellowstone over the full loop. This will be a 3-on 4-off, 4-on 3-off shifts. Up to $400.00 per day. YellowstoneToursLLC.com Call Mike Decker at (307) 257-1221. Yellowstone Gateway Inn is now hiring for front desk and housekeeping guest services. Contact Michael at 848-7100 or stop by and pick up an application. Super 8 is looking for a night auditor (two nights per week) and housekeepers. Applications and resumes to [email protected] or apply in person. 406-848-7401. Competitive Pay and Benefits. The Gardiner Chamber of Commerce is currently seeking a full-time, year-round office manager to help manage the day-to-day operations of the Gardiner Visitor Center. Competitive wages, paid time off, and some paid holidays! See page 7 for details or call 406-848-7971 for more information. Yellowstone Mine Restaurant is looking to hire for both morning and evening shifts. Positions include bussers, hosts, waitresses, cooks and dishwashers. Please apply in the business office above Goldstrike Gifts, M-F 9am-4pm or give us a call at (406)848-7220. (housing may be available) Goldstrike Gifts is currently is looking to hire a full-time sales person. Please apply in the business office above Goldstrike Gifts, M-F 9am-4pm or give us a call at (406)848-7220. Best Western by Mammoth Hot Springs is looking to hire for front desk staff. Housing may be available. Please apply at the front desk of the hotel or call 406.848.7220. Jobs - Year round, Full/Part time at the new Yellowstone Hot Springs in Corwin Springs: Janitor, Pool Cleaner, Front Desk. Must be willing to work evenings and weekends. Email your contact details, brief work history and business reference to: [email protected].
Recommended publications
  • What Causes the Seasons? – How Does the Orientation of Earth's Axis Change with Time?

    What Causes the Seasons? – How Does the Orientation of Earth's Axis Change with Time?

    2.2 The Reason for Seasons • Our goals for learning: – What causes the seasons? – How does the orientation of Earth's axis change with time? © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Thought Question TRUE OR FALSE? Earth is closer to the Sun in summer and farther from the Sun in winter. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Thought Question TRUE OR FALSE? Earth is closer to the Sun in summer and farther from the Sun in winter. Hint: When it is summer in America, it is winter in Australia. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Thought Question TRUE OR FALSE! Earth is closer to the Sun in summer and farther from the Sun in winter. • Seasons are opposite in the N and S hemispheres, so distance cannot be the reason. • The real reason for seasons involves Earth's axis tilt. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. What causes the seasons? © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Axis tilt changes directness of sunlight during the year. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Sun's altitude also changes with seasons Sun’s position at noon in summer: Higher altitude means more direct sunlight. Sun’s position at noon in winter: Lower altitude means less direct sunlight. Summary: The Real Reason for Seasons • Earth's axis points in the same direction (to Polaris) all year round, so its orientation relative to the Sun changes as Earth orbits the Sun. • Summer occurs in your hemisphere when sunlight hits it more directly; winter occurs when the sunlight is less direct. • AXIS TILT is the key to the seasons; without it, we would not have seasons on Earth.
  • Going-To-The-Sun Road Historic District, Glacier National Park

    Going-To-The-Sun Road Historic District, Glacier National Park

    National Park Service Cultural Landscapes Inventory 2002 Going-to-the-Sun Road Historic District Glacier National Park Table of Contents Inventory Unit Summary & Site Plan Concurrence Status Geographic Information and Location Map Management Information National Register Information Chronology & Physical History Analysis & Evaluation of Integrity Condition Treatment Bibliography & Supplemental Information Going-to-the-Sun Road Historic District Glacier National Park Inventory Unit Summary & Site Plan Inventory Summary The Cultural Landscapes Inventory Overview: CLI General Information: Purpose and Goals of the CLI The Cultural Landscapes Inventory (CLI), a comprehensive inventory of all cultural landscapes in the national park system, is one of the most ambitious initiatives of the National Park Service (NPS) Park Cultural Landscapes Program. The CLI is an evaluated inventory of all landscapes having historical significance that are listed on or eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places, or are otherwise managed as cultural resources through a public planning process and in which the NPS has or plans to acquire any legal interest. The CLI identifies and documents each landscape’s location, size, physical development, condition, landscape characteristics, character-defining features, as well as other valuable information useful to park management. Cultural landscapes become approved CLIs when concurrence with the findings is obtained from the park superintendent and all required data fields are entered into a national
  • 100 Years at Lake Mcd

    100 Years at Lake Mcd

    Voice of the Glacier Park Foundation ☐ Fall 2017 ☐ Volume XXXII, No. 2 SPERRY BURNS 100 Years at Lake McD (Photo courtesy of the National Park Service.) In this issue: • Wildfire in Glacier and Waterton • Lake McDonald Evacuated • Embers Shower the Prince of Wales • Remembering the Night of the Grizzlies • Death and Survival in Glacier • The Demise of the Chalets • Giants in Glacier • Jammer Tales • A Many Glacier Reflection• Unprecedented Traffic in the Park • The Twelve Days of Waiting • Inside News of the Summer of 2017 PARADISE LOST: Traffic Congestion in Glacier The fires of August in Glacier Park beyond past experience in Glacier. entrance sometimes were backed generated national attention. Gla- The problem certainly will recur in up onto Highway 2. Parking lots cier veterans were shocked to hear future seasons. It poses a very diffi- and campgrounds were filled by that the fire had destroyed the main cult management challenge. early morning. Emergency closures building at Sperry Chalets. Lake had to be imposed on traffic in the Glacier’s charm always has rested McDonald Lodge and its majestic Swiftcurrent, Two Medicine and in part on relatively light visitation. cedar-and-hemlock forest lay exposed Bowman valleys. We’ve all thought complacently that to destruction for weeks. The Prince Glacier is a cold park, far from large Twenty years ago, the Glacier Park of Wales Hotel, across the border in population centers, with limited Foundation had a large role in devel- Canada, nearly burned. September lodging. We’ve given thanks that we oping Glacier’s General Management finally brought deliverance, with don’t have traffic jams like those in Plan.
  • Sprague Fire & Adair Peak Fire

    Sprague Fire & Adair Peak Fire

    Glacier National Park – Sprague Fire & Adair Peak Fire Smoke Temporarily Tames Sprague & Adair Peak Fires Friday, September 8, 2017 Thick smoke persists over the fire area. The advantage of the oppressive smoke is the dampening effect it has had on the Sprague and Adair Peak fire behavior which has allowed firefighters a window to work on putting structure protection in place. The disadvantage has been the inability to use aircraft. Aviation resources cannot fly unless there is at least a mile of visibility. Most of Thursday, the visibility was well under one half mile. This is not likely to improve much today. However, as the predicted cold front moves in from the west coast, winds should increase which may alleviate some of the smoke. However, it could move the smoke from the western fires into this area just as the Sprague and Adair Peak fire smoke moves eastward. The Sprague Fire is now estimated at 13,275 acres. “Rain for Rent” installation continues in the Lake McDonald Lodge area. The main line and six inch pump were installed Thursday. Lateral hand line installation should be completed today. This will free up existing pump and hose lay systems to be moved to other areas where they are needed. Sprinklers and road spraying were being done around the Lake McDonald Lodge complex to increase local humidity and cool the immediate area. This is also being done in the Avalanche Creek Campground and Trail of the Cedars area. Similar protections are being installed in the North McDonald Lake area. The Wheeler Cabin wrapping was initiated yesterday and should finish today.
  • Flathead Area Interagency Fire Information

    Flathead Area Interagency Fire Information

    Flathead Area Interagency Fire Information Wednesday, August 23, 2017 – 12:00 pm Contact: Office of Emergency Services Information Line 406-758-2111 https://www.facebook.com/FlatheadOES Current Fire Danger: EXTREME Stage II Fire Restrictions Remain in Effect for most of Western Montana Thunderstorms with the potential for gusty winds and isolated lightning has been forecasted for late Wednesday evening and Thursday. After the passage of this front, hot and dry conditions will return to the area. Fire Danger remains Extreme, as Northwest Montana continues to experience critical fire conditions, a trend that is expected to persist through August. Historically speaking, many of the Flathead area’s large fires started in mid- August, so fire season is definitely not over yet. The intent of Fire Restrictions is to reduce the number of human-caused fires during periods of extreme fire danger by decreasing potential sources of ignition. Each year, 70 to 80% of wildfires are human-caused and this summer the trend has continued. Campfires are NOT ALLOWED anywhere during Stage II Fire Restrictions. (See additional information about Stage II Fire Restrictions below.) Cooperating Federal, State, and Private jurisdictions implementing restrictions include: Glacier National Park; Flathead National Forest (the Bob Marshall, Great Bear & Scapegoat Wilderness areas are in Stage 1 Restrictions); Kootenai National Forest; Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation State Land and Private Classified Forest Land; Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks;
  • Essential Tips to Plan Your Vacation a Park

    Essential Tips to Plan Your Vacation a Park

    GLACIER NATIONAL PARK TRIP PLANNER Essential Tips To Plan Your Vacation A Park Map Glacier National Park is a year-round, natural beauty of mesmerizing peaks and glistening waters surrounded by charming small towns and unrivaled adventure. When the time is right, come see for yourself. ORDER YOUR FREE TRAVEL GUIDE GlacierMT.com | #GlacierMT GETTING THERE Who doesn’t love a good road trip? Head north out of Yellowstone and take this epic route to Glacier National Park. arks Photo Contest), Map by Peter Sucheski here’s a magical evening light that sweeps across the broad Glacier Blacktail 15 shoulders of Montana’s sky. Its radiating pink and purple National Shelby Park 89 colors echo off windows of log-hewn cabins, patios of 2 East Kalispell Glacier Valier Tbreweries and the sides of aging pickup trucks rattling down lonely Hungry Park Horse roads. Montana artist C.M. Russell captured this magnificent light in FLATHEAD 89 15 MONTANA his paintings, and it fills the landscape with a peace that seeps into its LAKE people like water spilling over a river bank. 93 83 Great 287 Falls Discover Montana’s spectacular culture via West Yellowstone, Mont., as St. Ignatius 90 Ravalli 15 you point your wheels north to Glacier National Park. In Big Sky, you’ll 87 find adrenaline-filled activities. Farther north, you’ll find boom-and- Lewistown bust stories in Virginia City, Nevada City and Butte. Missoula 89 Beyond take a dip at the Fairmont Hot Springs Resort and sample Helena sweets and sift for sapphires in Philipsburg. Explore Missoula and Philipsburg other lively towns en route to Glacier National Park.
  • At the Foot of the Belton Hills: a Cultural Landscape History of the Headquarters Area, Glacier National Park

    At the Foot of the Belton Hills: a Cultural Landscape History of the Headquarters Area, Glacier National Park

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Glacier National Park West Glacier, Montana AtAt thethe FootFoot ofof thethe BeltonBelton HillsHills AA CulturalCultural LandscapeLandscape HistoryHistory ofof thethe HeadquartersHeadquarters Area,Area, GlacierGlacier NationalNational ParkPark ON THE COVER Superintendent’s House, Glacier National Park. NPS/Alice Wondrak Biel. At the Foot of the Belton Hills A Cultural Landscape History of the Headquarters Area, Glacier National Park Author Ted Catton University of Montana Department of History Liberal Arts Room 256 Missoula, MT 59812-0864 Editing and Design Alice Wondrak Biel National Park Service PO Box 128 West Glacier, MT 59936 January 2012 NPS/ALICE WONDRAK BIEL. Hose Tower, Glacier National Park. Please cite this publication as: Catton, Ted. 2012. At the Foot of the Belton Hills: A Cultural Landscape History of the Headquarters Area, Glacier National Park. National Park Service, Glacier National Park, Montana. Contents Figures iv Executive Summary v Introduction 1 Overview and Environmental Setting 1 Prehistory and History Prior to the Establishment of Glacier National Park 3 Early Park Road Development and Selection of the Headquarters Site, 1910–1917 5 First Development Phase, 1917–1941 8 Second Development Phase, 1941–1967 18 Third Development Phase, 1967–present 26 Bibliography 29 Key to Headquarters Area Building Numbers 31 Headquarters Area, Glacier National Park iii Figures Figure 1. Headquarters area showing current (2012) street layout and buildings. 2 Figure 2. The headquarters site featured level ground and a “dog-hair” growth of lodgepole pine, as seen in this 1929 construction photo. 3 Figure 3. Township 32 North, Range 19 West, encompassing the area between Great Northern Railway and Lake McDonald.
  • Glacier National Park

    Glacier National Park

    COMPLIMENTARY $3.95 2019/2020 YOUR COMPLETE GUIDE TO THE PARKS GLACIER NATIONAL PARK ACTIVITIES • SIGHTSEEING • DINING • LODGING TRAILS • HISTORY • MAPS • MORE OFFICIAL PARTNERS T:5.375” S:4.75” WELCOME S:7.375” On T:8.375” May 11, 1910, Glacier National Park wide variety of activities, animals, trails SO TASTY EVERYONE WILL WANT A BITE. was designated as our nation’s 10th na- and much more. We hope this little green tional park. Known for its glacier-carved guide will become as well-used and well- jagged peaks, turquoise and emerald loved as your hiking boots! lakes, abundant and diverse plant and ani- mal communities and U-shaped valleys, Glacier has become an icon due to its FUN FACTS many designations. In 1932, international cooperation be- Established: Glacier National Park was cre- tween the Rotary Club members of Mon- ated in 1910. Waterton Lakes National tana and Alberta convinced the United Park was first called Waterton Lakes For- States and Canada to join Waterton Lakes est Park when it was created in 1895. and Glacier National Parks as a symbol of their longtime friendship. In recogni- Land Area: Glacier is comprised of 1,600 square tion of this historic agreement, the parks miles. Waterton measures 195 square miles. were designated Waterton-Glacier In- ternational Peace Park, the world’s first Lowest & Highest Elevations: Glacier’s lowest international, transboundary park or pre- elevation is 3,150 feet at the juncture of the serve. In 1995, the Peace Park became Middle and North forks of the Flathead River, while its highest elevation reaches 10,479 the world’s first International Peace feet at the summit of Mount Cleveland.
  • Glacier National Park Newspaper

    Glacier National Park Newspaper

    National Park Service Glacier U.S. Department of the Interior The official newspaper of Glacier National Park Summer 2020 Glacier Safety Guide Welcome to Glacier National Park, one of the crown jewels of the National Park System. The combination of natural wonders, cultural history, and our shared border with Waterton Lakes National Park, in Canada, contributed to Glacier being recognized, world-wide, as a World Heritage Site, a Biosphere Reserve, the World’s first International Peace Park, and the World’s first International Dark Sky Park. We hope you discover your own special aspect of this spectacular landscape. COVID-19 Glacier is modifying visitor services to help prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Some facilities and events will be closed or canceled. Please check locally and on the park website for current information and continue to follow CDC guidelines. As circumstances continue to change and we modify our operations as necessary, we thank you for your patience and cooperation. Follow local, state, and national health guidance. COVID-19 Precautions Come Prepared Face Coverings Social Distancing Wash Your Hands Sneezes & Coughs Face Touching Self-isolate Visitor services are Wearing a face Maintain a safe Frequent hand Sneeze and cough Touching your If you are sick, do very limited. Expect mask or covering distance of six feet washing with soap into a tissue, or face is a hard habit not visit the park. wait times at the is advised in high- (1.8m), especially and water and the inside of your to break. Avoid Self-isolate to park entrances and visitation areas in high-visitation the use of hand elbow.
  • Parc International De La Paix Waterton- Glacier

    Parc International De La Paix Waterton- Glacier

    IUCN World Heritage Outlook: https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/ Parc international de la paix Waterton-Glacier - 2020 Conservation Outlook Assessment Parc international de la paix Waterton- Glacier 2020 Conservation Outlook Assessment INFORMATIONS Country: Canada, United States of America (USA) Inscribed in: 1995 Criteria: (vii) (ix) RÉSUMÉ 2020 Conservation Outlook Finalised on 02 déc 2020 GOOD WITH SOME CONCERNS Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park can be an exemplar for cooperation across national boundaries and offer positive examples of working together to achieve results, but there is always room for improvement. Managers at the park level work diligently to manage according to their respective countries’ laws and policies applying the broader World Heritage values and goals to their actions. While there are both existing and potential threats, overall, the threats are largely being addressed in a manner that could be a model for other transboundary areas (including a variety of cooperative initiatives). Concerns at the landscape scale, particularly regarding wildlife security and connectivity have been addressed in part through land protection at the state and provincial level. Climate change represents particular challenge and adaptation and monitoring has become a focus of both parks, and includes ecosystem level initiatives. Visitation management is a challenge in both component parks. Understanding and limiting impacts of increasing visitation will be important to maintain the sites's ecological and cultural integrity.
  • NOWRUZ FESTIVAL Common Cultural Heritage of the ECO Region

    NOWRUZ FESTIVAL Common Cultural Heritage of the ECO Region

    THE QUARTERLY CULTURAL MAGAZINE OF ECO CULTURAL INSTITUTE (ECI) ECO HERITAGE ISSUE 28, VOLUME 9, NOWRUZ SPECIAL ISSUE ISSN 2008-546X NOWRUZ FESTIVAL Common Cultural Heritage of the ECO Region ISSN 2008-546X 9 772008 546002 Called whether Tartars, Turks or Afghans, we ف نی ن ت ی هن ا غا م و ی رتک و تار م ,Belong to one great garden, one great tree چم ی خ ی ن زاد م و از یک شا سار م .Born of a springtide that was glorious تمی ب س ز رنگ و و رب ما رحام ا ت .Distinction of colour is a sin for us ٔ هک ما رپورده یک نو بهاریم A Persian Poem by Sir Muhammad Iqbal( ), عﻻهم محمداقبال the most prominent poet of Pakistan from his book " "PAYAM-I-MASHRIQ" (Message from the East), English translation: M. HADI HUSSAIN Publisher ECO Cultural Institute (ECI) Supervision Sarvar Bakhti, President, THE QUARTERLY CULTURAL MAGAZINE OF ECO CULTURAL INSTITUTE (ECI) ECO Cultural Institute (ECI) ECO HERITAGE ISSUE 28, VOLUME 9, NOWRUZ SPECIAL ISSUE ISSN 2008-546X Director-in-Charge Mehdi Omraninejad Chief Editor Said Reza Huseini Senior Copy Editor Nastaran Nosratzadegan NOWRUZ FESTIVAL Common Cultural Heritage of the ECO Region Editorial Board Nazif Mohib Shahrani (Afghanistan) Mohammad Sakhi Rezaie (Afghanistan) Jahangir Selimkhanov (Rep. Azerbaijan) Mandana Tishehyar (Iran) ISSN 2008-546X 9 772008 546002 Elaheh Koulaee (Iran) Dosbol Baikonakov (Kazakhstan) Aizhan Bekkulova (Kazakhstan) Cover photo by: Afshin Shahroudi Inam ul-Haq Javeed (Pakistan) (The photo was higly commended in the Photo section of the Shaheena Ayub Bhatti (Pakistan) ECO International Visual Arts Festival 2012) Asliddin Nizami (Tajikistan) Dilshod Rahimi (Tajikistan) Hicabi Kırlangı (Turkey) Advisory Board Prof.
  • Equinoxes Day and Night Are Not Exactly of Equal Length at the Time Of

    Equinoxes Day and Night Are Not Exactly of Equal Length at the Time Of

    Equinoxes Day and night are not exactly of equal length at the time of the March and September equinoxes. The dates on which day and night are each 12 hours occur a few days before and after the equinoxes. The specific dates of this occurrence are different for different latitudes. On the day of an equinox, the geometric center of the Sun's disk crosses the equator, and this point is above the horizon for 12 hours everywhere on the Earth. However, the Sun is not simply a geometric point. Sunrise is defined as the instant when the leading edge of the Sun's disk becomes visible on the horizon, whereas sunset is the instant when the trailing edge of the disk disappears below the horizon. These are the moments of first and last direct sunlight. At these times the center of the disk is below the horizon. Furthermore, atmospheric refraction causes the Sun's disk to appear higher in the sky than it would if the Earth had no atmosphere. Thus, in the morning the upper edge of the disk is visible for several minutes before the geometric edge of the disk reaches the horizon. Similarly, in the evening the upper edge of the disk disappears several minutes after the geometric disk has passed below the horizon. The times of sunrise and sunset in almanacs are calculated for the normal atmospheric refraction of 34 minutes of arc and a semidiameter of 16 minutes of arc for the disk. Therefore, at the tabulated time the geometric center of the Sun is actually 50 minutes of arc below a regular and unobstructed horizon for an observer on the surface of the Earth in a level region.