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United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.217,624 B2 Naud (45) Date of Patent: Dec

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United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.217,624 B2 Naud (45) Date of Patent: Dec USOO9217624B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.217,624 B2 Naud (45) Date of Patent: Dec. 22, 2015 (54) SPOOLING PYROTECHNIC DEVICE 4,173,186 A * 1 1/1979 Dunham ................. F42B 29.00 102,430 (71) Applicant: DMD Systems LLC, Los Alamos, NM 4,335,657 A * 6/1982 Bains ...................... F42:39: (US) 4,570,540 A * 2/1986 Bell ........................ CO6B 45/10 102,202 (72) Inventor: Darren Naud, Los Alamos, NM (US) 4,643,071 A * 2/1987 Baechler ................... F41A 1/10 89.1.701 (73) Assignee: py Systems LLC, Los Alamos, NM 4,646,643 A * 3/1987 Goldenberg .............. F42B 7/12 102,430 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 4,938,145 A * 7/1990 Martwick ............... F4235 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 4,962,689 A * 10/1990 Phan ......................... F41A1/08 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 89.1703 (21) Appl. No.: 14/703,452 5,048,423 A *ck 9/1991 Garrett .................... F42:39, (22) Filed: May 4, 2015 5,239,928 A * 8/1993 Ricci....................... F42B 5,067 102,430 (65) Prior Publication Data 5,499,582 A * 3/1996 Schiessl .................... F42B 4f06 102.285 US 2015/O23368.6 A1 Aug. 20, 2015 5,668,341 A * 9/1997 Reynolds .................. F41F 1.06 102,434 Related U.S. Application Data 5,770,815 A * 6/1998 Watson, Jr. ............... F42B 5/16 102,439 (62) Division of application No. 13/431,841, filed on Mar. 5,954.563 A * 9/1999 Spriggs .................. A63H37.00 27, 2012, now Pat. No. 9,062,943. 102,357 (51) Int. Cl 6,079,310 A * 6/2000 Yagla .................... F41F 3/0413 we 89.1816 F42B 4/22 (2006.01) 6,283,033 B1* 9/2001 Wu ........................... F42B 4, 24 F42B 4/26 (2006.01) 102,336 (52) U.S. Cl. 6,312,537 B1 * 1 1/2001. Hiskey .................... CO6B 43,00 CPC. F42B 4/22 (2013.01); F42B 4/26 (2013.01) 149,36 (58) Field of Classification Search (Continued) CPC ................. F41F 1/00; F41F 1/06; F42B 4/00; Primary Examiner — Bret Hayes F42B 4/02: F42B 4/04: F42B4/06; F42B Assistant Examiner — Derrick Morgan 4/08. F42B4/10, F42B4/20. F42B422 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm James C. Kennedy III, Esq. F42B5/067: F42B 5/16: F42B 29/00 LLC; James Kennedy See application file for complete search history. (57) ABSTRACT (56) References Cited A pyrotechnic device including a combustion chamber U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS including a wall, the combustion chamber containing com bustible powder; an ignition source adapted to ignite said 1,823,378 A * 9, 1931 Scardone .................. F42B 4/O2 combustible powder within said combustion chamber; 102,357 wherein the wall of the combustion chamber is adapted to 2.459,687 A * 1/1949 Decker ..................... F42B 4/O2 burst at a predetermined pressure caused by combustion of 102.342 3,611,935 A * 10/1971 Beckes ..................... F42B 4/O2 the combustible powder; wherein the combustion chamber is 102,346 disposed within a launch structure beneath a projectile and 3,782.285 A * 1/1974 Froehner ................... F42B 4/O2 wherein a preselected amount of free space Volume is dis 102.340 posed between said combustion chamber and said projectile. 4,132,149 A * 1/1979 Ashley ...................... F42B 5/16 89.1704 20 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets US 9.217,624 B2 Page 2 (56) References Cited 8,539,884 B2 * 9/2013 Deye ....................... F41A 1963 102,206 U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 8,677,904 B2 * 3/2014 Rexford .................. F42B 5,145 102.342 6,357,792 B1* 3/2002 Shirk .................... B6OR 21,272 8,967.046 B2 * 3/2015 Dunaway .................. F42B 3.04 137/68.13 102,202 6,412,416 B1* 7/2002 Rouse ....................... F42B 5.15 2003/0230211 A1* 12/2003 Shelton ..................... F42B 4f02 102,334 102,358 6,508,178 B2 * 1/2003 Shelton ..................... F42B 4/08 2004/O1592.59 A1* 8, 2004 Walker ...................... F41F 1.06 102,347 102,335 RE38,592 E * 9/2004 Wu ........................... F42B 4f06 2009/0179408 A1* 7/2009 Brisighella, Jr. ... B60R21, 26 102,336 280/741 7,004,074 B2 * 2/2006 Van Stratum ............. F42B 5/02 2009/0308274 A1* 12/2009 Schroeder ................. F41F 3/04 102,430 102.464 7,104,199 B2 * 9/2006 Walker ...................... F41F 1,06 2010/0139516 A1* 6/2010 van Rooijen .............. F42B 4/22 102.342 102,335 7,278.355 B2 * 10/2007 Yu ............................. F42B 4/O2 2010/0288152 A1* 11/2010 Luebbers .................. F42B 5/16 102,352 102,430 7,607,688 B2 * 10/2009 Kato ......................... F42B 3/04 2012/0217728 A1* 8, 2012 Jackson .............. B6OR 21,2644 137/68.27 280,728.2 7,793,591 B1* 9/2010 Van Stratum ............. F42B 4/26 2014/0345487 A1* 11/2014 Wu ......................... F42B 30, 10 102,336 102,357 8,402,893 B2 * 3/2013 Van Rooijen ............. F42B 4/22 102,335 * cited by examiner U.S. Patent Dec. 22, 2015 Sheet 1 of 3 US 9.217,624 B2 is: i:S: U.S. Patent Dec. 22, 2015 Sheet 2 of 3 US 9.217,624 B2 U.S. Patent Dec. 22, 2015 Sheet 3 of 3 US 9.217,624 B2 O O O 33A O O O 32A O O 31 fig. 3A 'Fig. 3C fig. 3 B US 9,217,624 B2 1. 2 SPOOLING PYROTECHNIC DEVICE granular black powder, simply because fine powder has a greater available Surface area for burning. FIELD OF THE INVENTION Projectiles are typically launched from tubes or mortars at pressures between 50 and 150 psi, but more desirably This invention relates to increasing the efficiency of a pow between 80 and 120 psi. These pressures are considered the der propellant, Such as black powder to launch firework pro operating pressures of black powder in launching projectiles. jectiles, whereby increased efficiency is achieved by encap If the pressure is too low, the projectile may not be sufficiently Sulating black powder in a burst chamber to enhance its accelerated and the apex height will not be reached. If the ignition, attenuating the initial pressure pulse generated by pressure is too high, the projectile may be destroyed, or dam the burst chamber with tree space or village, and utilizing a 10 aged, or worse, the mortar may rupture. The above operating powder propellant of finer particle size to increase power pressures may be suitable for achieving reasonable apex output. heights without risk of damage to the projectile or mortar. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The efficiency of the black powder to perform as a lift agent 15 may greatly depend on its confinement. For example, black Most fireworks or pyrotechnics contain black powder to powder when laid out in open air may burn very slowly, launch projectiles or pyrotechnic effects from reusable perhaps taking several seconds to burn. When confined, black launch tubes or one-use disposable cardboard tubes. An aerial powder will typically combust at a rate resembling an explo shell is am example of a fireworks projectile, where the shell, Sion, completely burning within milliseconds. The greater the made of plastic or cardboard, is loaded with fireworks effects amount of free space Volume (less confinement), or ullage, Such as colored stars, hummers, whistles, etc. A comet is an within the lift charge, the slower the black powder reaches a example of an effect that is propelled from a launch tube. desired operating pressure. Likewise, if the confinement is Projectiles and effects come in many different shapes and too great, or the free space Volume is too small, the actual sizes, but all are commonly manufactured with a propellant black powder burn pressures will rapidly go beyond the charge as a component. The propellant charge, or “lift 25 desired operating pressure, which could cause rupture of the charge consists of a sieved fraction of granulated powder, launch tube or damage to the projectile. for example, black powder. This effect of confinement is ascribed to what is referred to Herein projectile is defined as shells or pyrotechnic effects as pressure effects on burn rate. Burning black powder pro which may be propelled by propellant powder, such as black duces hot gases, which when confined in a chamber or vessel, powder. 30 will result in an increase of gas pressure. The black powder in The assembly or packaging of projectile lift charges turn will burn faster, thus producing still greater pressures. includes propellant powder, such as black powder, of a spe This positive feedback process is typically referred to as the cific sieve cut or granular size that is bagged and attached to pressure effect on burn rate. The burning of black powder is a the bottom of the projectile by string or tape. The bag, often complex, multi-step chemical and combustion process that made of paper or plastic film, must have within it an ignition 35 occurs at the Solid-gas interface. Higher pressures compress Source fired by external means. This ignition Source may be the gas phase at the interface thereby increasing the neat and an electric match with external wire leads, a fuse, or quick mass transport of reaction species. match. Quick match is a thin paper tube containing fine black Other propellants, such as Smokeless powders, require powder that is specifically used for igniting devices with very great confinement and pressures to achieve relatively fast short delays. These methods provide the means of igniting the 40 burn rates. Smokeless powders are nitrocellulose-based for lift charge and thereby launching the projectile. mulations suitable for propelling bullets and heavy projec Besides propelling projectiles, black powder may have a tiles at high Velocities.
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