Science in Schools- We've Got the Power May 2021

Demonstration Risk Assessment Form

SCIENCE IN SCHOOLS- WE’VE GOT THE POWER MAY 2021

This is a 60min long show on the subject of sustainability and features several small and large scales demonstrations. These demonstrations include: 1. Fire in Hand 2. Burning Coal 3. CO2 Candle Extinguisher 4. Blue Sky 5. Infrared ‘Ray’ Gun 6. Hero’s Engine 7. Hand Crank Generator 8. Hero’s Engine with Wind Generator 9. Blowing Wind Generator 10. Solar Panel Explainer 11. Leyden Jar 12. Electroball3000 Explainer and Pass Around 13. Volatic Pile 14. Electrolysis 15. Igniting Hydrox Bubbles with E-match using Electroball3000

Likelihood Severity of impact Current risk Certain 5 Death or total destruction 5 High 4 Major injury or damage 4 Multiply Likelihood and Severity of Medium 3 Serious injury or damage 3 impact to get Current Risk rating Low 2 Minor injury or damage 2 Very low 1 Negligible 1

Action Rating 10 and above The work is too dangerous and should not be undertaken

8 or 9 The work is high risk. Those undertaking the work must be fully competent and experienced for the type of work, equipment to be used and fully understand all risks present.

5 or 6 Moderate risk Workers must be fully competent for the type of work and risks present, or under competent supervision. 4 Low risk. Those undertaking the work must be aware or be made aware of the risks and mitigation measures required. 2 or 3 Slight risk. Those undertaking the work should be aware or be made aware of the risks and mitigation measures required. 1 Insignificant risk. Activity suitable for all workers

ACTIONS NEEDED BY VENUE: Isolate Smoke/ Fire Alarms in vicinity of demonstrations Ensure presenter knows Fire Evacuations procedures Ensure 1 x Fire Extinguisher is on Stand-by (only to be used in emergencies- should be either dry powder or carbon dioxide) Discuss with Presenter is there is a no gun policy at your school as the show using a pretend ‘Sci-Fi Ray Gun’

Risk assessed by: Dan Plane and Fran Scott Date of last review: 12/05/2021 Review date 11/05/2021

Demonstration: Fire in Hand

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y

Current Method Statement Hazards Mitigation Risk

Likelihood of Severity impact Lighter fluid is added Lighter fluid presents fire risk Only trained presenters will handle 2 2 4 to the cotton wool in the lighter fluid before the show. Any a fire gadget. enough spillages to be wiped up thoroughly. to make it damp. The No naked flames to be near when lid is closed and the fluid filling the device. gadget is held in the Spillages and splashes when Gadget should not be in hand when 2 2 4 presenters preferred filling the gadget with lighter filling. Minimal amounts of lighter hand. fluid use, with the presenters fully fluid. trained in how much lighter fuel to At the appropriate use. (Note- fuel up the device just time the presenter before starting the show). flips the lid open in Fire in hand presents burning Presenter is trained and practiced in 1 2 2 their hand, and holds risk how to use the equipment in such a their hand out, palm way to keep their fingers in a safe up, and uses their position. Demonstration is only to be thumb on the same conducted by presenter. hand to flick the Hot metal could burn hand Fire not left going long enough to 1 2 2 flint, causing sparks, heat metal enough to burn. which ignite the Cotton pad could fall out when Presenters trained and practiced in 1 1 1 lighter fluid. flicking lid closed to attempt to proper use. Should the pad fall out, it extinguish the flame is to be immediately stamped out. In To extinguish the addition, a wire is stretched over the flames, the lid is pad to keep it in place. flipped closed, snuffing the flames. Flames present risk to eyes Flames kept at arms length by trained 1 1 1 presenter. Presenter always in The fire gadget used control of placement of flames. can be found here: https://www.mission The fire is only 15cm high, so isolation magic.co.uk/new- of smoke alarms not needed unless fire-from-hand-a-ball- they are particularly sensitive. of-flames-appears-in- Working with Lighter Fluid Lighter fluid is domestically available, 1 2 2 your-palm-holy-spirit- but it should still be treated with pentecost Lighter fluid is a flammable respect. liquid UN1268 therefore precautions must be taking It should not be handled near any according to the MSDS: naked flames, with hands being washed after use, before eating. https://www.mssd14.org/User

Files/Servers/Server_57364/Fil Suitable fire extinguishing methods e/SDS%20Materials/SDS%20Sh include CO2, sand, extinguishing eets/Ronsonol%20Lighter%20F powder. Do not use water. Our luid.pdf preferred method is restriction (to use a fire blanket).

Storage and Transport of It will be stored in cool, dry 1 1 1 Lighter Fluid conditions. It will be kept separate from any oxidizers. It will be ensured that the lid is always closed prior to storage.

The container should not be pierced. When empty can be disposed of in the normal rubbish.

If left unattended in a school, it should be left within a locked box.

PPE Requirements Item Item Item Item Flameproof overalls Gloves contact High visibility Waterproof clothing Hardhat Dust Mask Gloves chemical Wellington boots Hearing protection Mask chemical vapour/mist Safety shoes

Demonstration: Burning Coal

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y Y

Current Hazards Mitigation Method Statement Risk

impact

Likelihood Severity of Severity

Approximately 5-6 spatula Eye injury via multiple Eye protection must be worn throughout. fulls of potassium chlorate, possible causes. 1 4 4 an oxidizing agent, is placed into a boiling tube in a A relatively large The demonstration should be performed laboratory clamp and stand. amount of smoke is only in a well-ventilated environment and It is then melted and heated produced. It is not with audience members well clear (at least close to its boiling point particularly harmful 3 metres). with a blowtorch. smoke (burnt carbon) Smoke detectors in the same room should but may cause coughing 4 1 4 Once at this point, a spatula be isolated from the fire alarm system if if inhaled in any full of ground coal is put possible quantity. into the tube so that it drops into the molten The smoke may also set potassium chlorate. It off fire alarms. reacts violently with a shrieking noise, creating a It is possible, though The reaction must be performed behind a bright light and lots of unlikely, that all or some 3-sided polycarbonate screen, with the smoke. of the content will be boiling tube directed so any flaming debris ejected from the boiling will strike the screen and be contained.

tube during the reaction. The clamp and stand must be secure and The blowtorch/ portable It could then cause stable, and the whole demonstration space Bunsen used will be fueled burning injury or start a within the safety screen protected with with either Butane, Butane/ fire. heat proof ceramic mats. Flammable Propane mix or a high 2 3 6 materials must be kept well clear. temperature gas mix (MAP gas). If any material does escape the tube, it should be left to burn itself out on the To save the safety screen ceramic mats. If for any reason this needing frequent replacing, material escapes beyond the ceramic mats, cheaper acrylic ‘inserts’ will it can be extinguished with a CO2 fire be provided which can be extinguisher, which must be on hand. attached onto the safety screen via clips. As the coal burns a A spatula will be used to drop the coal into flame is produced from the tube. the boiling tube (Note- when referring to Heat proof gloves are also to be used for 2 2 4 Butane, this also refers to a inserting the coal, even the gloves Butane/ Propane mix) compromise dexterity.

The tube will become Heavy, heat-proof gauntlets should be extremely hot (around worn to handle the boiling tube if 400°C or more) it will necessary to do so. remain hot for some 2 2 4 time after the demonstration, risking burning injury.

The tube may crack The reaction must be carried out above during the process, ceramic mats. If the tube fails in this way, releasing its contents the contents should be allowed to burn out below. and cool in situ. 2 2 4 If the power drops whilst still in powder form, carefully gather up and place in another boiling tube and burn off using another portion of coal dust.

The blowtorch/Bunsen The blowtorch/Bunsen must only be used creates a fire hazard. by people completely familiar with their correct use. The flame must only be on for as long as necessary. In particular in the case of the blowtorch, the gas must be 3 2 6 switched off as soon as the potassium chlorate is ready, and before adding the coal to the tube.

Working with Potassium Nitrile gloves and Goggles will warn when Chlorate dispensing the potassium chlorate into the test tube. In addition, it will be kept away Potassium Chlorate is an from food. With hands washed before food oxidizer, UN1485 consumption. therefore precautions must be taking 2 3 6 according to the MSDS: https://www.timstar.co. uk/media/wysiwyg/Insig hts_Lab/SDS/timstar_ch emical_sds_PO4840.pdf

Storage and Transport of Potassium Chlorate will be stored and Potassium Chlorate transported accompanied by the MSDS (digital version acceptable) and will be stored and transported as advised within. Therefore, the following precautions will be taken: 1. It will be sourced from a reputable supplier 2. It will be stored and transported within a sealed container separate to fuel sources, mostly the one it is 2 3 6 supplied in. Good practice is to seal this lid with tape after each use. 3. The container will be labelled with the chemical name (Potassium Chlorate) and the appropriate Hazchem 4. It will always be stored and transported in weights of 1kg of less (mostly even less than 500g will be transported and stored)

5. Transport by Land and Sea required no special conditions if quantity is kept to 1kg or below. 6. It will be stored in a cool, dry, well- ventilated area. And kept away from sources of heat, radiation, static electricity and food. 7. As a further precaution it will be ‘double’ boxed i.e kept in a box within a box such that if a spill occurs in the first, the second will catch the spill. Ideally, this box will be lockable, so if left unattended the potassium chlorate cannot be accessed by others.

Disposing of Used The ratios used in this reaction are such Potassium Chlorate that the chlorate will have reacted with the coal and so after the reaction has occurred 1 1 1 the boiling tube can be disposed off in the normal domestic rubbish The butane used is available domestically, Working with Butane or it is used as a lighter refill, however it Butane/ Propane mix should still be treated with respect. It will 1 4 4 The gas used will be be sourced from a reputable supplier and from domestic canisters: canisters inspected for damage before use. UN 2037 Googles will be worn when using the blowtorch Safety data sheets can Butane can be extinguished using either be found here; water spray, dry powder or carbon dioxide Butane: extinguishers, though these will only be http://www.farnell.com/ used in an emergency, with oxygen datasheets/1801831.pdf restriction being used as our preferred method. Butane/ Propane mix: http://www.partinfo.co .uk/files/2500%20Cart ridge.pdf

It will be stored in a non-conductive box at Storing and Transporting a temperature below 50oC and away from Butane and Butane/ sources of ignition. 1 3 3 Propane mix There will be a maximum of 8 canisters stored at one point, but mostly only 4, unless a high number of shows are needed. Due to the butane being domestic canisters and the small volume carried/ stored no special license or labelling is needed. Ideally the box containing the butane will be lockable, so if left unattended the gas cannot be accessed by others. Working with The gas mix used is available domestically Propylene/ MAP gas (from DIY shops) however it should still be 1 4 4 treated with respect. It will be sourced

(High Temperature Gas from a reputable supplier and canisters Mix) inspected for damage before use and transport. The head of the blow torch will UN1077 always be removed from the bottle for Safety data sheet can be storage and transport. found here; https://www.tooled- Googles will be worn when using the lit up.com/artwork/ProdPD blow torch. F/2599.pdf High temperature gas mix can be extinguished using dry chemical powder, Carbon dioxide (CO2), Water fog or Foam. Do not use water jet as an extinguisher.

The presenter is to ensure that they are not charged (if electrostatic demonstration have been conducted) before handling the gas, earthing themselves if necessary.

The blow torch will only be used in a well- ventilated area. If this is not possible, then it will only be used for the shortest time possible, with the butane torch being used for the demonstrations if it can be.

Storing and Transporting Ideally the canisters will be stored in a non- Propylene/ MAP gas conductive box and at temperatures not (High Temperature Gas exceeding 49°C/120°F. They will be kept in Mix) a cool, dry place out of direct sunlight and away from heat, sparks and open flames.

Empty canisters will not be pierced and will 1 4 4 be returned to the Ri for appropriate disposal. Ideally the box containing the propylene will be lockable, so if left unattended the gas cannot be accessed by others.

PPE Requirements Item Item Item Item Flameproof overalls Gloves contact Y High visibility Waterproof clothing Hardhat Dust Mask Gloves chemical Y Wellington boots Hearing protection Mask chemical vapour/mist Safety shoes Laboratory Coat Eye protection Y

Demonstration: CO2 Candle Extinguisher

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y Y

Current Method Statement Hazards Mitigation Risk

Likelihood of Severity impact Approximately 200mls Lighter presents small fire Only presenter to use lighter. And 1 1 1 of vinegar is poured risk lockable long handled lighter will be into a 3ltr jug. Into used where possible. which approximately 20g or one heaped If lighter is lockable it is to be tablespoon of stored in lockable container with bicarbonate of soda is gasses. If not lockable (or lock is added, quickly and unreliable) then it is to be stored briefly stirred around away from flammables and and left to sit still oxidizer. while it produces CO2. Candles present small fire Only presenter to handle candles. 1 1 1

risk Candles are not moved once lit and While the reaction never left unattended. takes place, 3 tea lights are lit and The candles used will be tealights placed into a clear box such that they rest in a stable with stepped shelves, fashion on a flat surface one candle on each Vinegar presents slipping Any spillages to be cleaned up at 1 1 1 shelf, and towards the hazard of spilt the earlier convenience audience side of the Burn risk from candles/ A long handled lighter will be used 1 1 1 box. (The steps should lighter to ensure ample distance between rise from right to left the presenter’s hand and the lit as the audience sees candles. them)

When the reaction in the jug has settled down, the presenter carefully lifts the jug and slowly pours the CO2 that has collected into the box from the near side and in the stage left corner. The candles should go out, one at a time and before the liquid is poured from the jug.

Demonstration: Blue Sky

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y

Current Method Statement Hazards Mitigation Risk

impact

Likelihood Severity of Severity A fish tank with upto Water presents a slipping Any spillages to be cleared up 1 1 1 10ltr of water in sits hazard if spilt immediately on a lazy susan. With Risk of allergic reaction to milk Very small amount of milk used, 1 2 2 the long side facing mixed in water, and only handled the audience a white by presenter. If the presenter is torch is shone allergic to milk (by touch) they are through the water to inform the Ri. from the short side. Container may break leading Check container for signs of wear 1 2 2

to large water spill prior to each show, and do not While still holding use if containers has cracks in. the torch at the end The tank falling off lazy susan A rubber mat is used between the 1 2 2 of the tank the tank and the lazy susan, such that presenter adds the tank does not slip, especially approximately a when weighted down with water teaspoon of milk to Carry water through the venue Often, the supply of water will 1 2 2 the water and swills not be near the performance it around, revealing area, therefore water will need to the beam of light, be carried through the premises. with a bluish hue. A folding bucket or jugs will be provided for this purpose, so that After a brief the tank does not need to be explanation, the used (as often water sloshes in presenter rotates the tanks, causing unnecessary spills) tank so the short Broken tank The tank used will be made of 1 1 1 side, at the opposite plastic and so any breakages end of the tank to won’t lead to added hazards the torch, faces the Electrical Hazards It will be ensured that the torch 1 1 1 audience, revealing a used will be in full working order. yellowish light.

Demonstration: Infrared ‘Ray Gun’

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y Y

Current Method Statement Hazards Mitigation Risk

Likelihood of Severity impact

An off-the-shelf Burn from touching hot lamp The lamp is designed in such a way 1 2 2 infrared lamp has been that it is surrounded with a metal attached onto a toy cage. This metal cage does not get gun, to give the significantly heated by the lamp. appearance of a sci-fi ray gun. Therefore, the only way for a burn to occur would be to place hands This ‘ray-gun’ will then through the metal guard. And so be shon near the audience members will be verbally audience so that they warned to just “put their hands out can feel the heat to feel the heat” with the gun coming from it. (which will always be in control of the presenter) moved away from any children appearing to do otherwise. Electrical hazard The lamp will be inspected before 1 4 4 each show and ensured that it is in full working order. Ideally it will be PAT tested or less than 6 months old.

In addition, a circuit breaker plug will be used to plug this into the extension lead, such that if any electric fault occurs power will be cut to the device.

Demonstration: Hero’s Engine

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y Y

Current Method Statement Hazards Mitigation Risk

Likelihood of Severity impact An off the shelf Hero’s Blow torch flame is Blow torch only used by trained 1 2 2 Engine is assembled, extremely hot, presents a presenter. Heat proof gloves used and the bulb filled just burning risk during demonstration less than half way with Steam produced from the Gloves and goggles to be worn by 2 2 4 cold water. To fill the Hero’s Engine presents a presenter. bulb, a small section of burning risk plastic tubing is used to attach a syringe of The spinning Engine could Presenter to manage speed with 2 2 4 water to the opening become unstable if blowtorch position. Can use free hand on the end of one arm spinning too fast, sending to stabilise the base if necessary of the Hero’s engine, steam or broken glass in and the water squirted unpredictable directions in. Broken glass would Any breakages to be cleared away at 1 2 2 present a risk of cuts the earlier convenience For the demonstration The bulb of the glass The presenters are fully trained to 1 2 2 a MAPP gas blow torch could break causing burns ensure that the ‘bulb’ of the Hero is aimed at the bottom engine does not boil dry. With water half of the Hero’s present in the ‘bulb’ of the engine, it is engine bulb. As steam much less likely to break. In addition, is produced and exits the blowtorch will be moved around via the arms, the bulb the bulb of the Engine ensuring that it will spin round. is not focused on just one spot. In addition to all of this, the presenter The presenter should will wear heat proof gloves. continue to move the Working with Propylene/ The gas mix used is available blow torch around, but MAP gas (High domestically (from DIY shops) be sure to always be Temperature Gas Mix) however it should still be treated with heating glass with respect. It will be sourced from a water on the other UN1077 reputable supplier and canisters side. The Hero’s Safety data sheet can be inspected for damage before use and engine should not be found here; transport. The head of the blow torch allowed to run dry. will always be removed from the https://www.tooled- bottle for storage and transport. The Hero Engine being up.com/artwork/ProdPDF used can be found /2599.pdf Googles will be worn when using the 1 4 4 here: lit blow torch. https://www.timstar.c o.uk/he180500-hero-s- High temperature gas mix can be engine.html extinguished using dry chemical powder, Carbon dioxide (CO2), Water fog or Foam. Do not use water jet as an extinguisher.

The presenter is to ensure that they are not charged (if electrostatic

demonstration have been conducted) before handling the gas, earthing themselves if necessary.

The blow torch will only be used in a well-ventilated area. If this is not possible, then it will only be used for the shortest time possible.

Storing and Transporting Ideally the canisters will be stored in a non-conductive box and at Propylene/ MAP gas (High Temperature Gas Mix) temperatures not exceeding 49°C/120°F. They will be kept in a cool, dry place out of direct sunlight and away from heat, sparks and open flames.

1 4 4 Empty canisters will not be pierced and will be returned to the Ri for appropriate disposal. Ideally the box containing the propylene will be lockable, so if left unattended the gas cannot be accessed by others.

PPE Requirements Item Item Item Item Flameproof overalls Gloves contact Y High visibility Waterproof clothing Hardhat Dust Mask Gloves chemical Wellington boots Hearing protection Mask chemical vapour/mist Safety shoes Eye Protection Y

Demonstration: Hand Crank Generator

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y Y

Current Method Hazards Mitigation Risk

Statement

Likelihood of Severity impact Strong Magnets: A hand cranked The generator has been built by a The magnet used here is extremely generator is respected prop builder and powerful. It will attract magnetic used to build supplied to the Ri with a full objects very strongly, sufficiently to up a voltage users’ guide. cause injury to body parts caught in which lights up the way. This can happen very During transport, storage and an led light. suddenly and very rapidly. If two when not in use, the magnet will This light is such magnets are allowed to come be aligned with the end plates either placed in together, they may cause severe which form the structure of the a top hat or in crushing injuries, especially to generator. That way they will stay it’s own stand 3 3 9 fingers, which may even be severed. in place and attract minimal on a table. The Even if they fly together without extraneous material. light is a led in trapping fingers they may shatter a plastic It will also be ensured that the from the impact and project shards lightbulb operator of the generator of magnet through the air. casing. (presenter or volunteer) does not have any medical equipment on

them that will be affected by (Note- the strong magnetic fields. Others will ‘shorting’ plug be kept at a distance of 2m. can be used Impact Injury: The generator will always be here so the key placed on a stable table away and button As the generator is weighty, it could from the edge 1 4 4 extension is not cause damage is it falls needed) Lifting Injury: As the generator is It will only be lifted by our weighty, lifting it could cause presenters, all of which are damage is not undertaken correctly confident in the correct (bending 1 2 2 the knees) procedure. Electrical Injury As a voltage is generated there is risk of electric shock, to prevent this all wires will be fully insulated and the volunteer will be advised to keep their hands away from 1 2 2 the wires. If a shock does occur it will be minimal current and would cause discomfort rather than harm. Trip hazards from trailing wire As the light will be connected to 1 1 1 the generator by a long wire, there is risk of tripping. To negate this risk it will be ensured that these wires are placed away from thoroughfares or inserted only for the short time of this particular demonstration

Demonstration: Hero’s Engine with Wind Generator

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y Y

Current Method Statement Hazards Mitigation Risk

Likelihood of Severity impact The Hero Engine (as Hero’s Engine presents its See Hero’s Engine Risk Assessment - - - used earlier) has one own risks arm clamped onto its Only presenter needs to use the clamp Clamp could pinch fingers 1 1 1 stand, so as to to secure the Hero’s engine prevent it from As the small generator Heatproof gloves to be worn 1 2 2 moving. The hole of needs to be held close to the other arm of the the steam and so presents Hero Engine has a a burning risk small section of Trip hazards from trailing As the light will be connected to the 1 1 1 blocked plastic wire generator by a long wire, there is risk of tubing attached to tripping. To negate this risk it will be seal it up. When ensured that these wires are placed ready to perform the away from thoroughfares or inserted demonstration the only for the short time of this particular water in the Hero demonstration Engine is heated with Electrical hazard As the wires and lights have been made 1 1 1 a MAPP gas bespoke and are not off-the-shelf there blowtorch. The is a risk. All wires will be inspected water will be turned before use to ensure that there are no into steam which will bare wires and if any are found they will force the blades of a be covered with insulating tape. In small wind turbine to addition, the voltage and current rotate. This wind produced by the turbine is not high turbine is connected enough to cause injury to the same light as The gas mix used is available used earlier. When Working with Propylene/ MAP gas (High Temperature domestically (from DIY shops) however the blades on the it should still be treated with respect. It Gas Mix) turbine move quickly will be sourced from a reputable enough the LED light UN1077 supplier and canisters inspected for will turn on. Safety data sheet can be damage before use and transport. The

found here; head of the blow torch will always be The Wind Generator removed from the bottle for storage and being used is here: https://www.tooled- transport. https://www.amazon up.com/artwork/ProdPDF/ .co.uk/gp/product/B0 2599.pdf Googles will be worn when using the lit 1 4 4 7L3TKYR7/ref=ppx_y blow torch. o_dt_b_search_asin_ title?ie=UTF8&psc=1 High temperature gas mix can be extinguished using dry chemical powder, Carbon dioxide (CO2), Water fog or Foam. Do not use water jet as an extinguisher.

The presenter is to ensure that they are not charged (if electrostatic

demonstration have been conducted) before handling the gas, earthing themselves if necessary.

The blow torch will only be used in a well-ventilated area. If this is not possible, then it will only be used for the shortest time possible.

Demonstration: Blowing on Wind Generator

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y Y

Current Method Statement Hazards Mitigation Risk

Likelihood of Severity impact To indicate that the Increased blowing in COVID The presenter will ensure that they 1 1 1 small wind turbine times blow onto the turbine in a direction generator can be AWAY from the audience. made to spin just Electrical hazard As the wires and lights have been 1 1 1 by being blow on it, made bespoke and are not off-the- the presenter will shelf there is a risk. All wires will be blow onto the inspected before use to ensure that small generator there are no bare wires and if any making it spin, and are found they will be covered with so turning the LED insulating tape. In addition, the light on. voltage and current produced by the turbine is not high enough to cause injury

Demonstration: Solar Panel Explainer

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y Y

Curre

Method Statement Hazards Mitigation nt

Risk

Likelihood of Severity impact The presenter selects 6 pupil volunteers and 1 Use of If pupils are within a bubbles 1 1 1 teacher. volunteers with their teachers, this during Covid should not be a concern. The teacher is asked to stand on one side of restrictions Balls, buckets, and hats the stage area and wear a “Sun” hat. They are would need to be sprayed also given a bucket of yellow foam balls. with antiviral spray between shows. The pupils stand in two rows of three, Throwing objects Soft foam balls are used so 1 1 1 perpendicular to the audience, and facing each at each other injury is not possible. other, so that one row has their backs to the presents some Presenter should think teacher, they are given a bucket of blue foam risk of injury or about positions of balls between them, and one blue ball to each damage. volunteers balls don’t knock of the volunteers that are stage left (optionally over any other equipment. they could be wearing hats, black on the stage Teacher is the only person left row and red on the stage right row). actually throwing balls, so is trusted to act responsibly. The game runs as follows: The Sun (teacher) throws a photon (yellow ball) at the pupils. If a photon hits one of the N-type semiconductors (the stage left row of pupils) they must give an electron (blue ball) to a P-type semiconductor (stage left pupils), who must immediately pu that electron in to the bucket. At the same time the N-type semi conductor must immediately replace that electron with a new one from the bucket.

This process is repeated until the teacher runs out of balls.

Demonstration: Leyden Jar

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y Y

Curre

Method Statement Hazards Mitigation nt

Risk

Likelihood of Severity impact Prepared on the table are: Spillages of water will Any spillages to be cleared 2 1 2 - A pair of rubber gloves for the present a slipping hazard up at earliest convenience presenter and a volunteer if The Fun Fly Stick (Mini Van Very weak charge is built up 1 1 1 using. De Graaf Generator) builds in the Fun Fly Stick, not - An empty 2ltr plastic bottle with up a static charge, could enough to cause any lid. result in electric shock damage - A matching lid with a nail through it. The Leyden jar can hold Volunteer to wear rubber 1 2 2 - 2ltr water in a jug. significant charge and gloves for insulation. Shock - A funnel. presents a risk of an electric only occurs if foil sides and - Table salt. shock nail on lid are touched at the - A piece of aluminium foil, long same time. Presenter aware enough to wrap around the of this and will carefully plastic bottle, with a small piece instruct and watch the of tape at both ends. volunteer.

The rubber gloves are worn. Using The shock possible would be the funnel, the water is poured more a discomfort than be a into the bottle. dangerous shock. The A large dash of salt is added and volunteer selected must not the lid screwed on and the bottle have heart conditions. given a shake. Deliberately discharging the Volunteer is wearing rubber, 2 2 4 The foil is wrapped around the Leyden jar puts volunteer at insulating gloves, and bottle by rolling the bottle over higher risk of shock holding an insulated wire to the foil on the table, the tape is discharge the Leyden jar. used to secure it in place. The Leyden jar can undergo At the end of the demo, 2 1 2 Then the lid is removed and dielectric absorption and presenter should leave the replaced with the nail-lid. build up a charge when left Leyden jar shorted with the alone, presenting a small wire, to prevent accidental The leyden jar is now complete shock risk build up of charge and can be charged up by rubbing If wet, the charge could A cloth will be on stand-by 1 2 2 a silk handkerchief on an acrylic spread to not just the Leyden and any spillages wiped up rod and the rod touched to the jar, but anywhere that is wet as soon as they occur so as nail. This can be done repeatedly. near the Leyden jar to keep the table as dry as For efficiency, a “Fun fly stick” toy possible is used to charge up by holding the cardboard tube to the nail and running the toy for about a minute.

A wire is attached to the foil with tape and when the other end is brought to the nail a spark is made.

Demonstration: Electroball3000 Explainer and Pass Around

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y Y

Current Method Statement Hazards Mitigation Risk

Likelihood of Severity impact The Electroball 3000 is a bespoke If ball is dropped, Ball made of perspex. 1 1 1 piece of equipment with two main broken parts could Dropping unlikely to components, a 1000μF 16v capacitor present a cutting risk shatter it. Audience and a faraday coil to charge it up. The members are instructed to ball also contains a rectifier bridge to handle carefully and to facilitate charging, a key switch (with pass (not throw) the ball key trapping), a push button, and a Internal capacitor holds Socket used so both 1 1 1 3.5mm phono jack. The circuit is wired a charge which could contacts are not easily so that if the key switch is on and the shock via the external reached. A key switch is button is pressed, then electricity contacts used to cut off contact produced by the faraday coil will go between capacitor and directly to the phono socket and socket. Presenter turns off whatever is plugged into it, for and removes the key example an LED. If that circuit is before passing the broken at any point, by the switch, electroball to audience button, or if nothing is plugged into members. Key cannot be the socket, then the capacitor will removed unless the switch store up the charge being produced. is off. Any charge stored in the capacitor will Risk of COVID infection If the pupils are in the 2 2 4 be sent to a component when the same ‘COVID bubbles’ by many people circuit is closed again. handling the same then it can be passed

object freely between them During the show, the presenter can (ensuring that it is demonstrate that shaking the disinfected before and Electroball 3000 will light an LED by after going around the having the key switch on and holding audience). If the pupils are the button down as they shake. not in the same bubble then the ball will be Then they can remove the LED plug, infected and passed onto switch off and remove the key, and one volunteer (possibly a pass the ball around the audience so teacher) who will shake they can see the components and the ball on the presenter’s shake the ball to charge up the command. capacitor.

Demonstration: Voltaic Pile

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y Y

Current Method Statement Hazards Mitigation Risk

Likelihood of Severity impact

Presenter will have Spillages of water Any spillages to be cleaned up 1 1 1 prepared felt pads by present a slipping immediately soaking them in a hazard bicarbonate of soda solution. Glass jar could break Only presenter to handle glass jar 1 2 2 and present a cutting during preshow set up. Any breakages Presenter and/or volunteer risk to be cleared up immediately construct the voltaic pile from the soaked felt pads, Discs could have jagged All discs to be ground down and filed 1 1 1 15-20 discs of copper, 15-20 edges from holes before use to be sure of smooth edges discs of zinc (Actually steel drilled in them and galvanised with zinc), and original fabrication an acrylic stand. Placing the cloth pads Shaft to be rounded and smoothed, 1 1 1 A copper disc is placed on on could result in holes/slits pre-placed in pads for ease the stand first, followed by stabbing the palm of of use a felt pad, and then a zinc the hand with the disc. This constitutes one wooden/ plastic shaft “cell”. This order is repeated, copper> felt>zinc, Risk of electric shock Current is extremely low and incapable 1 1 1 over and over until the discs from assembled voltaic of producing a shock run out, being sure to end pile on a zinc disc. Whilst attaching the Presenter to oversee volunteer, or to 1 2 2 Wires can be attached to wire using crocodile handle crocodile clips themselves if the top and bottom discs clips there is risk of volunteer may have difficulty. using crocodile clips. The them pinching bottom copper disc is the volunteer if handled positive end, or Cathode, incorrectly while the top zinc disc is the Use of chemicals The only ‘chemical’ used here is 1 1 1 negative anode. bicarbonate of soda, which is used as the electrolyte. This is safe to handle The voltaic pile should does not cause any adverse reactions produce enough current to with the metals and so no safety steps run an LED. are needed.

Demonstration: Electrolysis

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y Y

Current Hazards Mitigation Method Statement Risk

impact

Likelihood Severity of Severity

Before the show the electrolysis The mixture of gases is No more than a few millilitres of kit is set up as follows: explosive in any quantity, the gas mixture should be allowed and does not need to accumulate anywhere. The jar - A solution of sodium ambient oxygen to react, must be kept nearly full so as to bicarbonate is placed in a gas just a source of ignition, minimise the headspace inside, jar, leaving 2-3 cm of air at the no matter how slight. and must be sealed with a fail-safe top, with a bung that has 2 closure (eg a bung) that will give carbon electrodes and a This gas, if confined, could way if necessary. rubber hose attached. This cause the apparatus to assembly is held in a clamp explode. The tube must be placed into the stand. conical flask beneath the water line There is particular risk of - Also in a clamp stand is a so that it acts as a valve and will flashback – the gases in conical flask filled with water. aid to prevent flashback. In the rubber tube igniting The open end of the rubber addition, the tube must be kept and flashing back to the hose is submerged in this away from sources of ignition, jar. water. which will be present. This is - A bench top power supply is If the water in the conical especially important to consider attached to the electrodes flask becomes soapy (eg when igniting the bubbles – this using crocodile clips (polarity after repeated must not be done until the tube 1 4 4 does not matter, in fact performances of the has consciously been placed back variation between shows will demo), the gas mixture into the conical flask of water. reduce corrosion long term). may collect in bubbles The gas mixture that is evolved - The power supply is set so that which could ignite before the demonstration is current will go to the unexpectedly performed will be produced slowly, maximum possible in the but must be allowed to disperse circuit (16v overall max) and rather than accumulate anywhere. the voltage turned to 32v for It is lighter than air, so will escape one minute. A timer should be to the atmosphere from an open set so this is not forgotten flask, and this must be allowed to about. This will rapidly happen. The water in the conical produce bubbles in the flask should not be allowed to solution which will travel become soapy, as this will cause through the hose and bubble the gas to accumulate in bubbles. If through the water in the this does happen, be aware of the conical flask. The purpose of hazard and try to disperse the this is to remove dissolved bubbles frequently. oxygen from the water, plus flush out normal air from the The apparatus includes All wires and cables must be gas jar and hose. After 1 several wires, including carefully managed and taped minute the voltage should be some attached to the wherever possible, and must not reduced to somewhere 2 2 4 electrolysis jar. These may be allowed to pull on the between 4-6v so the bubbles pull on it if snagged. apparatus. in the conical flask are slow

but steady. approximately 1 Spillages present a Any spills to be cleaned up 1 1 1 bubble per second. The setup slipping hazard immediately runs like this until needed in the finale. Water and electricity Water is contained within a sealed 1 2 2 The apparatus is then left to run present a shock risk unit, should the unit begin to leak, throughout the show and used in presenter is to disconnect this part of the show for electricity at supply and cease demonstration purposes only (at demonstration. this point nothing is set alight)

Demonstration: Igniting Hydrox Bubbles with E-match using Electroball3000

Those at risk Ri Staff On-Stage Volunteers Audience Non-Ri Workers Others (please tick) Y Y

Current Method Statement Hazards Mitigation Risk

impact

Likelihood Severity of Severity

The electroball 3000 is The Electroball presents See separate Electroball Risk - - - circulating in the audience its own risks Assessment or with a specific The Electrolysis See separate Electrolysis Risk volunteer. apparatus presents its Assessment above. The electrolysis kit is set own risks up and running as above. E-match is setup before the show A small dish, or upturned E-match produces a small 1 3 3 paint tin lid is secured in a explosion and emits by the trained presenter. Goggles clamp stand with a small sparks worn by presenter and volunteer amount of soapy water in during demonstration. Minimum it. distance of 2m to be maintained An e-match is fixed to the from the e-match during ignition clamp stand, so that it is The exploding hydrox Goggles and ear defenders to be 2 2 4 just above and aimed at bubbles will produce a worn by presenter and volunteer. the soapy water. The e- loud noise. Audience instructed to cover their match is wired into a ears. speaker connector box with a long cable with a The presenters are trained in the 3.5mm phono plug at the correct amount of bubbles to end. The end of the cable produce an appropriate sound for should be un-plugged. the venue. If needed, a test This whole assembly must explosion will be conducted in the be close enough to the venue prior to the shows to ensure electrolysis kit that the the correct amount of bubbles and rubber hose can reach the so associated ‘size of explosion’ is soapy water. produced. Early ignition may result Presenter to plug e-match into 1 2 2 During the show the in explosion before electroball last in the set up whilst Electroball 3000 is precautions are taken at a distance of 2m- as described in collected, optionally with the method statement. Key switch a volunteer. is only turned on immediately before intentional ignition On the electrolysis power therefore before that point no supply the voltage is current can flow to the ematch turned up to max (32v) to therefore no ignition can occur. increase hydrogen and Working with Ematches Ematches are electronic matches, oxygen production. The categorized at 1.4s explosives. hose is taken out of the UN0454 Goggles will be worn at all times conical flask and held into when handling them. Safety data sheet can be the soapy water creating found here; bubbles. A dome of They are to be kept away from 2 3 6 bubbles is made, then the https://respyro.com/wp- sources of ignition and static prior hose is placed back into content/uploads/2018/01 to lighting. the conical flask of water /Electric-Match-NPB.pdf and the power supply

25 turned back down to 4v or Hands will be washed after turned off completely. handling before eating.

The cable that the e- Advised fire fighting method is to match is wired to is flood with water if a small number plugged into the of pieces are involved. Do not use electroball 3000 at least the suffocation method as the 2m away. ematches contain an oxidizer.

Ear defenders and goggles Once fired, the ematches can be are worn, and the disposed of in the normal rubbish. audience instructed to cover their ears. Storing and Transporting As the law dictates they will be Ematches stored in their designated UN box, The key can be inserted sealed with tape, away from into the electroball 3000. members of the public. a countdown is begun from 3, the key is turned They will be kept away from heat on 2 and the button and open flame and stored in a pressed after 1, firing the cool, dry place. e-match which ignited the hydrogen and oxygen A maximum of 100 ematches will 2 3 6 bubbles. be stored at any one time.

Although they are pyrotechnics, no licence is needed as the net explosive content (NEC) is well below the 5kg limit.

They should not be left unattended when in public.