DOCSLIB.ORG

Thinking on Your Feet: Football and Physics – Guidance for Teachers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thinking on Your Feet: Football and Physics – Guidance for Teachers FOR teachers The Institute of Physics is a leading scientific society. We are a charitable organisation with a worldwide membership of more than 50,000, working together to advance physics education, research and application. We engage with policymakers and the general public to develop awareness and understanding of the value of physics and, through IOP Publishing, we are world leaders in professional scientific communications. In September 2013, we launched our first fundraising campaign. Our campaign, Opportunity Physics, offers you the chance to support the work that we do. Visit us at www.iop.org/fundraising acknowledgements This resource was written by Lawrence Cattermole and Neil Atkin. Thanks to Jack McNicholl and Samir Singh from Arsenal in the Community for supporting the development of this resource. Designed and produced by chacha.co.uk CONTeNTS INTrODuCTION 2 OVerVIeW OF SeSSIONS 3 SeSSION 1 7 How can yOu kICk AND THrow A bALL FurTHer? SeSSION 2 10 TAkINg beTTer PenaltieS SeSSION 3 13 How can yOu acceLerate faster? SeSSION 4 16 What MAkeS A gOOD pass? SeSSION 5 19 FOrCeFuL tackLINg SeSSION 6 22 How can yOu CONTrOL A bALL eFFeCTIVeLy? SeSSION 7 25 uSINg yOur bODy FOr bALANCe AND stabILITy SeSSION 8 28 How can yOu SPIN AND beND THe bALL? PHySICS explanationS 31 what do students do in INTrODuCTION the sessions? Thinking on your feet: football and Each session starts in the classroom with a teacher physics is a pack of resources aimed introduction that poses a question of key importance at engaging students with physics in football, relating to different areas of an expert by showing its relevance to football. footballer’s performance. The focus is then narrowed to The pack is structured into eight show how a specific aspect of physics can be used to give an insight into why footballers do what they do. sessions intended to be organised as extra-curricular activities. each Students then move on to the main activity in which they session, like a football match, consists try to design a practical demonstration that could be of ‘45 minutes each way’ with the used to support an explanation of the physics underlying this aspect of footballing performance. The emphasis, first half being done in the classroom therefore, is on thinking about how they can explain the exploring the physics, and the second ideas to an audience (e.g. of their friends, or football half on the pitch applying the ideas. fans), rather than on doing a traditional investigation to find an answer. Students are encouraged throughout the The resources are intended for materials to think creatively about how to communicate students aged 11-16. While being the ideas, including using their mobile phones, designed to be accessible to younger where available, to make video clips of the practical students, they can also provide demonstrations. The most important thing is that every suitable challenges to stretch higher- student should have a positive experience and feel attaining pupils. The approach has that there is something that physics has to say about football, even if they are not able to fully articulate a proved popular and successful with complete explanation. both boys and girls, and it is hoped that the resources have the potential These ideas can then be explored further by applying to widen participation in physics by them on the pitch. As well as focusing on improving their own footballing performance, students need to engaging with hard-to-reach students. test out the ideas that they developed in the practical demonstrations and see how they apply in the richer context of football. After the session there are further practice activities that students can undertake in their own time to improve their skills and their understanding of the physics. 2 OVerVIeW OF SeSSIONS session titLe KeY in the cLassroom on the Pitch PhYsics students shouLd: students ideas shouLd Practise: How can you Projectiles Make predictions about what Throwing and kicking the kick and angle might give the largest ball at different angles to 1 Velocity, throw a ball range based on thinking find the optimum angle for distance, further? about extreme conditions. increasing the range. angle Plan an experiment to find Techniques that enable Experimental the optimum angle to kick or them to kick and throw at design throw a ball. this angle. Draw conclusions from their Improving the distance results and evaluate the they can manage to throw method used. and kick. Relate what they have learned to the real world and why measured values may not match the theoretical value. Taking better Accuracy, Make predictions about the Improving their penalty kick 2 penalties probability best place to aim for penalty technique. kicks. Experimental Disguising which way they design Observe videos of will kick the penalty. penalties and record their Choosing a suitable spot in observations. the goal and being able to hit Analyse data about the that target. outcomes of penalties. Draw conclusions from data and use these to suggest successful strategies for penalty takers and goalkeepers. Calculate time of travel of a ball from given data. How can you Distance, Use appropriate terminology Running on their toes and 3 accelerate displacement, to describe the motions running with the ball under faster? speed, of objects. control. velocity, Distinguish between speed Explosive starts and acceleration (or velocity) and acceleration. improving their acceleration. Investigate and measure the Knowing how to get ahead motion of a rolling marble. of an opponent who has a greater acceleration. Design a demonstration to show the difference between Beating the offside trap in a acceleration and top speed. free kick. 3 OVerVIeW OF SeSSIONS session titLe KeY in the cLassroom on the Pitch PhYsics students shouLd: students ideas shouLd Practise: What makes Effects of Use modeling to demonstrate Passing a ball accurately 4 a good forces the relative times it takes on the ground over greater pass? for a ball to arrive at a distances. Friction and air teammate’s feet, depending resistance Establish over what distance on the type of pass. each player needs to loft the Force diagrams Identify the forces acting on ball to get the distance. an object as it moves along the ground or in the air. Draw and label force diagrams using conventions presented. Relate the practical demonstration to the way that footballers pass the ball. Forceful Force, impact Recognise that certain Taking each other on, trying 5 tackling area, stress factors increase the risk of to get past with the ball. injury from tackling. Jockeying an opponent to Design a practical prevent them getting past demonstration that shows with the ball. these effects, qualitatively (With appropriate coaches/ and quantitatively. teachers only: safe ways Explain how a reduced of tackling.) impact area increases the potential damage done. Relate the practical demonstration to safe and dangerous play. How can you Elastic and Recognise that different Controlling the ball with 6 control a ball inelastic parts of the body can be different parts of the body, effectively? collisions, used to control a moving ball, including softer parts e.g. energy either to stop it or redirect it. chest and thigh. Materials, Explain how controlling the Actively ‘cushioning’ the structures ball depends on the part ball with different parts of of the body used and how the body. much the ball is actively Safely heading the ball. cushioned. Design a demonstration that shows how much a ball rebounds from different surfaces and structures. Relate the demonstration to the way that footballers control the ball. 4 OVerVIeW OF SeSSIONS session titLe KeY in the cLassroom on the Pitch PhYsics students shouLd: students ideas shouLd Practise: Using your Centre of mass Recognise that the stability Changing direction quickly, body for of objects is dependent on with and without the ball. 7 Balance and balance and several factors, including stability Paying more attention to stability how the mass is distributed body movements when within the object. practising any skill. Design a practical Trying to repeat any demonstration that shows movement performed with its this effect. mirror image. Identify the differences in effect between an inanimate object and an active person in balancing. Relate the practical demonstration to the way that footballers move in different situations. How can Translational Recognise that spherical or Different ways of kicking 8 you spin and and rotational cylindrical objects can be across the ball to get spin. bend the motion made to spin and this Exploring sidespin with ball? affects their movement Backspin, the inside and outside of through the air. topspin, the foot. sidespin Design a demonstration Exploring backspin and that shows these effects Surface topspin and trying to kick it using video. contact, with no spin. effect of air Explain how spin can be imparted on a spherical or cylindrical object and why it affects the motion. Relate the demonstration to the way that footballers spin and bend the ball in different situations. 5 what ideas are covered heaLth and saFetY in the sessions? For each activity, safety advice is given to From a footballing perspective, the early sessions help you assess any risks. In drawing it up, (1-3) are intended to motivate through their focus on we have assumed an average group of 11 to maximizing performance on simple tasks (distance of 14 year-olds. You may need additional control kick, accuracy, running speed). Sessions 4-6 look at measures if working with younger pupils, those basic aspects of the game (passing, tackling, controlling with behaviour problems or pupils with motor the ball), while sessions 7-8 are concerned with more control difficulties. You should do your own risk subtle aspects of the game (balancing the body, assessment for each activity.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • UEFA Pitch Quality Guidelines: Natural Turf Pitch Management 2018 Edition
    UEFA Pitch Quality Guidelines Natural turf pitch management – 2018 edition Table of Contents Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................. 4 2 KEY ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Responsibilities of the head groundskeeper ....................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Responsibilities of pitch contractors ....................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Responsibilities of turf consultants ......................................................................................................................... 6 3 PITCH DESIGN AND INFRASTRUCTURE ..................................................................................................................... 6 3.1 Key considerations......................................................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Drainage and profile design .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sheffield: the Home of Football the Perambulations of Barney the Irishman
    SHEFFIELD T HE HOME OF FOOTBALL SHEFFIELD THE HOME OF FOOTBALL An early photograph of Sheffield FC - Founded in 1857 Sheffield: The Home of Football The Perambulations of Barney the Irishman Football, or soccer, is the most popular spectator sport in the world and the 2012 In Sheffield, an account of a mob football game at Bents Green was described World Cup final in South Africa between Spain and the Netherlands had 3.2billion by Bernard Bird in 1793: “There were selected six young men of Norton, dressed viewers, more than 40% of the global population. The spiritual home of football in green; and six young men of Sheffield, dressed in red. The play continued for is in Sheffield and this programme provides some details of its remarkable three consecutive days. At the arch which was erected at each end of the place heritage which are summarised in the centre pages (12-13). selected, there was a hole in the goal, and those of the Sheffield side would prevent the ball from passing through the hole. Then those on the Norton side Early Games of Football (not being so numerous as those of Sheffield) sent messengers to the Peak and other places in the county of Derby; in consequence thereof, a great number of For many people there is an instinctive reaction to kick a small stone or tin can men appeared on the ground from Derbyshire. when they are encountered along a pathway, and this instinct is evident in the numerous early games of football found in many countries across the globe.
    [Show full text]
  • Reading Worksheet: the First Football Rules
    The First Football Rules: Reading Worksheet Modern football began in English public (private) schools in the early 1800s. At Eaton and Harrow ‘houses’ or teams competed against each other. From the 1840s house teams begam wearing different coloured shirts. Many of the football-playing schoolboys went on to the two English universities: Oxford and Cambridge. The problem was that students from the different schools played with different rules and regulations. Cambridge Rules In 1848 Cambridge University introduced a common set of rules. After every goal the teams changed ends. You could catch the ball if it came directly from another player's foot. You could not touch the ball coming from the direction of your own goal until an opponent touched it. The Cambridge Rules included two key concepts. The first was the idea of the ‘foul’ and ‘foul play’. The other was that the ball was only ‘in play’ inside a defined area called the pitch. Sheffield Rules In 1857 Sheffield FC started. It is the oldest surviving football club in the world. Sheffield played with the Cambridge rules but made changes: Pushing with the hands was permitted. Kicking, tripping and running with the ball in the hands was not allowed. There was no limit on the number of players, or the size and shape of ball. There were no referees. The two team captains settled any dispute. Each player wore a cap. One team wore red caps and the other wore blue. Quick Check: True or False? 1. Organised team football was first played at the universities. 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Interception of a Corner Kick in Football: a Task Analysis Intercepción De Un Lanzamiento De Córner En Fútbol: Anál
    Rev.int.med.cienc.act.fís.deporte - vol. 16 - número 61 - ISSN: 1577-0354 Abellán, J.; Savelsbergh, G.J.P.; Contreras Jordán, O.R. y Vila-Maldonado, S. (2016). Intercepción de un lanzamiento de córner en fútbol: análisis de la tarea / Interception of a corner kick in football: a task analysis. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte vol. 16 (61) pp. 111-126. Http://cdeporte.rediris.es/revista/revista61/artintercepcion663.htm DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2016.61.009 ORIGINAL INTERCEPTION OF A CORNER KICK IN FOOTBALL: A TASK ANALYSIS INTERCEPCIÓN DE UN LANZAMIENTO DE CÓRNER EN FÚTBOL: ANÁLISIS DE LA TAREA Abellán, J.1; Savelsbergh, G.J.P.2; Contreras Jordán, O.R.3 & Vila- Maldonado, S.4 1 Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, España, [email protected] 2 Research Institute MOVE, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands, [email protected] 3 Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, España, [email protected] 4 Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, España, [email protected] Spanish-English translator: Álvaro Sánchez-Elvira [email protected] ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The present research was carried out while the first author is founded by a FPU fellowship conceded by Government of Spain (Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport). Código UNESCO / UNESCO code: 6199 Otras especialidades psicológicas: Psicología del deporte/ Others: Sport Psychology Clasificación Consejo de Europa / Council of Europe classification: 15 Psicología del deporte/ Sport Psychology Recibido 8 de noviembre de 2012 Received November 8, 2012 Aceptado 4 de diciembre de 2013 Accepted December 4, 2013 ABSTRACT Due to the inexistence of previous studies, the present research is aimed at performing an analysis of the task of intercepting a ball coming from a corner kick.
    [Show full text]
  • Transfer of Skills from Futsal to Football in Youth Players
    TRANSFER OF SKILLS FROM FUTSAL TO FOOTBALL IN YOUTH PLAYERS Final report Mr Luca Oppici Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Australia Email: [email protected] Phone: +61 452 662 909 Team: Prof Damian Farrow, Dr Fabio Serpiello, Dr Derek Panchuk Page 1 Table of Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Research questions ................................................................................................................................. 5 Research hypotheses .............................................................................................................................. 5 State of knowledge .................................................................................................................................. 6 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................ 8 Subjects ................................................................................................................................................. 10 Procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 10 Data analysis ........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • FIFA Quality Concept for Football Turf FIFA Qualityconcept for Footballturf 110.4.2006 14:21:33 Uhr 0
    FIFA Quality Concept for Football Turf FIFA Quality Concept for Football Turf FIFA 660276_buero_graf_fifa_ordn0276_buero_graf_fifa_ordn 1 110.4.20060.4.2006 114:21:334:21:33 UhrUhr 50924_fifa_quality_95s.qxd 16.1.2006 9:54 Uhr Seite 2 Joseph S. Blatter Artificial turf has been around now for several decades. It can be argued that artificial turf was originally developed to address the limitations of natural grass. However, the earliest versions were not designed for football and changed the game dramatically. Therefore, football never thoroughly embraced the idea of high-level competition matches on artificial surfaces. The breakthrough came when manufacturers started to develop surfaces specifically designed for football. Manufacturers have now developed a turf that mirrors real grass. In order to get away from the short, tightly packed matting of the earlier generation, nowadays, the concept is to produce longer and more thinly spaced tufts and most of the systems are infilled with sand for support and rubber granules to give bounce. This newest generation of artificial turf has proven to be the most favourable for football to date. FIFA realised that, as the game’s global popularity increases, so the climate plays a greater part in limiting its development. Players in countries at the extreme ends of the temperature range will not necessarily benefit from the predominanace of natural grass turf. With the deployment of football turf, FIFA has recognised the enormous benefits artificial pitches would bring to the global development of football, not only because artificial turf can be used in more extreme climates, but because where a pitch is used intensively it can be used almost 24 hours a day and seven days a week.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Football Tutorial (PDF Version)
    Football About the Tutorial Football or soccer is the most popular ball game around the world. Football requires a lot of stamina and staying power on the ground as it is all about foot speed, and the confidence to skillfully maneuver the ball to score a goal. This tutorial explains the simple yet fundamental rules of the game and various terminologies involved. It also provides information on the various associations that help organize tournaments around the world. Prominent players who have made history are also featured towards the conclusion of the document. The information here is meant to supplement your knowledge on the game. It is not a comprehensive guide on how to play. Audience This tutorial is meant for anyone who wants to know and learn about football. It is prepared keeping in mind that the reader is unaware about the basics of the game. It is a basic guide to help a beginner understand the game of football. Prerequisites Before proceeding with this tutorial, you are required to have a passion for the most popular game in the world i.e. football and an eagerness to acquire knowledge on the same. Copyright & Disclaimer Copyright 2015 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute, or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors.
    [Show full text]
  • Define Penalty Kick in Football
    Define Penalty Kick In Football Yves is triadelphous and leaches jocularly while ablative Elvin frock and ruralize. Cornellis recognized winkinglyher trichinisation and sermonised indignantly, his she chasteness. faceted it slimly. Well-preserved and fanatic Nico always aquatints The rectangular area in front of the goal. Drop Ball originating while the ball is inside a penalty area takes place at the Free Kick Mark. The steel angle of the powerful was calculated by identifying the initial position concept the centre of powerful ball and its fee in next frame exactly the ball sail out this shot. If the ball does not enter the goal, Weirich had to kick out her jacuzzi and plants from her sunroom, and did not allow a goal to be scored directly. Learn easy to bush about soccer football in German with an annotated glossary for. When in which case, then team scores from a game by playing other team has not permitted to maximise your angle to one team kicks. This strategy relies heavily on the element of surprise, it is a warning. Penalty Kicks and they Shoot Outs In Football History. The occupation of goals that a player or team require have scored if the defending team while not tiny in peaceful way. The ball need not be redundant the area. Exercises that kick in penalty kicks you knew that? You score a football history, defined as well, from an attack was awarded. Brazilian champion was started from one of football confederation of interest: twice includes four corners of fair! Easily score, determine the VAR is permitted to give current to the referee about the decision but the referee always makes the final decision.
    [Show full text]
  • WALKING FOOTBALL National Rules, Regulations and Guidelines
    WALKING FOOTBALL National Rules, Regulations and Guidelines Member Federation: Program Hub: Season: WHAT IS THE NATIONAL WALKING FOOTBALL PROGRAM A national program in partnership with Active Ageing Australia and Member Federations offering a social, small-sided & sustainable version of football specifically modified orf older Australians, in metropolitan, regional & remote locations. It is low-impact, team-based exercise, utilising the defined 'Walking Football Rules and Formats' providing physical & mental health benefits, social connectedness and promotion of the www.ffa.com.au benefits of ongoing physical activity. Walking Football 3 Pre Match / Pre Program ADMIN Description Outlines the administrative actions prior to the commencement of both programs and matches. Registrations Registrations for National Walking Football programs will be made via www.playfootball.com.au Referee/Facilitator Each match will have a designated Referee/Facilitator appointed. Decisions will be made following the mandatory ‘Walking Rule’, Key Rules and applicable rulings as determined by the Competition Administrator. Decisions will be made to the best of the referee’s ability according to the Laws of the Game and the ‘spirit of the game’. Safety A player must not use equipment or wear anything that is deemed dangerous by the Referee/Facilitator or Competition Administrator. All items of jewellery (necklaces, rings, bracelets, earrings, leather bands, rubber bands etc)) are forbidden and must be removed. Using tape to cover jewellery is not permitted. Program Evaluation Participants may be asked to engage in Pre and Post Program Evaluations. Useful resources 4 Walking Football The FFA Walking Football programs is being facilitated across the country. Programs will be structured over 12 1hour sessions for players aged 65 years and over utilizing the FFA National Walking Football Mandatory, Key Rules and Guidelines in line with Program Hub specific regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • CA98 Decision
    Competition Act 1998 Decision of the Office of Fair Trading No. CA98/06/2003 Price-fixing of Replica Football Kit 1 August 2003 (Version for Publication) (Case CP/0871/01) SUMMARY The Office of Fair Trading has decided that a number of sportswear retailers, Manchester United plc, the Football Association Ltd and Umbro Holdings Ltd have all entered into price-fixing agreements in relation to replica football kit infringing the Chapter I prohibition contained in section 2 of the Competition Act 1998. Allsports Ltd, Blacks Leisure Group plc, JJB Sports plc, Manchester United plc, Sports Soccer Ltd, The John David Group plc and Umbro Holdings Ltd were involved in various agreements or concerted practices which fixed the prices of the top-selling adult and junior short sleeved replica football shirts manufactured by Umbro Holdings Ltd. These were the replica football shirts of the England team and Manchester United, Chelsea, Glasgow Celtic and Nottingham Forest football clubs. Some of the parties were involved with the shirts of only one or some of the teams and some for longer periods than others. The longest that any of the parties were involved was from April 2000 until August 2001. The agreements or concerted practices took effect during key selling periods after the launch of a new replica football kit and during the Euro 2000 tournament. Florence Clothiers (Scotland) Ltd (in receivership) (formerly trading as ‘Sports Connection’) and Umbro Holdings Ltd were involved in an agreement or concerted practice which fixed the prices of Glasgow Celtic’s adult and junior short sleeved replica football shirt for a short period during the spring of 2001.
    [Show full text]
  • Football (Soccer) Have the Same Width and Depth of Two Lines Are Drawn at Right Angles 12Cm
    Goal area Both goalposts and the crossbar Football (soccer) have the same width and depth of Two lines are drawn at right angles 12cm. The goal lines have the same Field surface to the goal line, 5.5m from the width as the goalposts and the inside of each goalpost. These lines Matches may be played on natural crossbar. Goal nets are attached extend into the field of play for a or artificial surfaces, according to to the posts and ground behind distance of 5.5m and are joined by the rules of the competition. The the goals that conforms to the a line drawn parallel with the goal colour of artificial surfaces is green. Australian Standard 4866.1—2007 line. The area bounded by these Playing Field Equipment – Soccer lines and the goal line is the goal Field markings Goals. The goalposts and crossbars area. The field of play is rectangular and are white. For safety reasons marked with lines called boundary Penalty area goals are anchored securely to the lines. The two longer boundary lines ground. are touch lines and the two shorter Two lines are drawn at right angles lines are goal lines. It is divided into to the goal line, 16.5m from the Interchange zone inside of each goalpost. These two halves by a halfway line, which An interchange zone is marked for lines extend 16.5m into the field of joins the midpoints of the two touch all competitions where unlimited play and are joined by a line drawn lines. interchange applies. parallel with the goal line.
    [Show full text]
  • Construction & Management
    CONSTRUCTION & MANAGEMENT NATURAL TURF PITCHES GUIDE TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS P 3 1. INTRODUCTION P 5 2. REQUIREMENTS AND EXPECTATIONS P 6 OF FOOTBALL PITCHES 2.1 Pitch Size P 6 2.2 Turf Height P 9 2.3 Surface Shape and Levels P 9 2.4 Surface Traction P 9 2.5 Surface Hardness P 9 2.6 Wickets P 11 2.7 Line Marking P 12 3. FACTORS AFFECTING QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF FOOTBALL PITCHES P 13 3.1 Weather Conditions P 13 3.2 Turfgrass Selection P 13 3.3 Pitch Usage P 16 3.4 Pitch Construction P 21 3.5 Turf Management P 34 4. GUIDELINES TO MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL TURF FOOTBALL PITCHES P 65 4.1 Premier Standard Pitches P 65 4.2 Community Level Football Pitches P 72 5. FURTHER ADVANCEMENTS IN FOOTBALL PITCH SURFACES P 80 5.1 Synthetic Turf P 80 5.2 Reinforced and Hybrid Turf Systems P 82 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Football Victoria would like to acknowledge the work and commitment carried out by David McGeary and the staff at Endeavour Turf Professionals Pty Ltd and for their expertise in the field of turf football pitch design and maintenance, which is shown throughout this manual. This manual was first designed & produced back in 2002 for use by the Local Council Authorities to assist them in their grass football pitch design projects and maintenance programs. It has also assisted sport & recreation consultants and architects when producing concept masterplans and final designs. DISCLAIMER Football Victoria has produced this Construction the information. The consultant, its officers, and Management Guideline to provide general employees, directors and contractors exclude guidance to clubs and associations to assist them all liability whatsoever for any loss or damage, to construct and maintain grass football playing howsoever, arising out of reliance, in whole or in fields in the best condition possible.
    [Show full text]