United Republic of

Main objectives

Provide protection and basic humanitarian assistance to refu- gees from , the Demo- cratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Rwanda and Somalia and to the urban refugees in ; support the volun- tary repatriation of refugees to Burundi, Rwanda and DRC when conditions in the countries of origin permit; continue to sup- port the local integration of those refugees whom the Government had allowed to settle perma- nently; promote refugee law and help the Tanzanian goodwill of the Tanzanian people towards refugees authorities provide security in the refugee camps and asylum-seekers by providing tangible benefits to while ensuring the exclusively civilian and humani- the local population in areas affected by the presence tarian character of camps; ensure adequate emer- of refugees, including addressing the environmental gency response mechanisms, to strengthen the impact of the protracted presence of refugees; effect- capacity of UNHCR and its partners to respond ively address sexual and gender-based violence effectively to major refugee movements; maintain (SGBV) through preventative measures and provide the support of the Tanzanian Government and the legal, medical and psycho-social support for victims.

Persons of Concern

Main Origin / Total Of whom Per cent Per cent Type of Population In Country UNHCR assisted Female under 18 Burundi (Refugees) 540,900 370,900 51 56 DRC (Refugees) 140,300 140,300 51 57 Somalia (Refugees) 3,490 3,490 53 62 Rwanda (Refugees) 2,720 2,720 48 53 Asylum-seekers 160 160 19 -

Income and Expenditure (USD) Annual Programme Budget Income from Other Funds Total Funds Total Revised Budget Contributions 1 Available 2 Available Expenditure 28,897,701 22,979,081 4,815,934 27,795,015 27,716,307

1 Includes income from contributions restricted at the country level. 2 Includes allocations by UNHCR from unearmarked or broadly earmarked contributions, opening balance and adjustments. The above figures do not include costs at Headquarters.

142 UNHCR Global Report 2002 Impact protagonists inthecon Africa, inMarch 2002,brought togetherthemajor The Inter-Congolese DialogueheldinSunCity, South to naturalincrease through 20,760births. (some 18,000arrivedinOctoberalone),addition heavy influxofrefugees from Burundi in late2002 voluntary repatriation was largely offset bythe 519,000 attheendof2002.Thedecrease through Tanzania increased from 498,000in 2001tosome of refugees receiving assistancefrom UNHCRin repatriated withUNHCR saw arecord numberofreturnees (atotalof54,743 totalling almostonemillionpersons. Although 2002 Africa Republic ofTanzania (Tanzania) continuedtohost instability across severalofitsborders, theUnited As anongoingconsequenceoftheconflictand The context Working environment • • • • • • However, Congoleserefugees sawlittlehope of an improvement inthesituationcountry. accommodated theminexistingcamps. the DRC(16,900),andRwanda(1,500) arrivals UNHCR received andassisted51,218new large extentsuccessful. humanitarian characterofthecampswere toa camps, efforts topreserve thecivilianand their taskofproviding securityintherefugee By assistingandsupportingtheauthoritiesin in 2003. refugees, whowillberelocated tothenewsite for thelocalintegrationofsome3,500Somali pleted bytheyear The construction ofChogosettlementwascom- 423 ofwhomdepartedin2002. 707 refugees were acceptedforresettlement, to othercountries. Burundi, 23,534toRwanda,14DRC,and43 of 54,743refugees, ofwhom31,152returned to UNHCR assistedwiththevoluntaryrepatriation tional protection tosome519,000refugees. of Tanzania provided assistanceandinterna- UNHCR inco-operationwiththeGovernment ’ s largest concentrationofrefugees in2002, – themajorityfrom Burundi (28,500), ’ fl s end,thusproviding asite ict inDRC,raisinghopesof ’ s assistance),thenumber – and major challengetoUNHCR Continued conflictinthesub-region remained a Constraints Government UNHCR, togainabetterunderstandingofthe fielded amission,jointlyheadedbyUNICEFand Executive CommitteeonHumanitarian Affairs In response totheseconcerns,theUnitedNations activities carriedoutbyUNHCRovertheyears. beyond theminorrehabilitation andconstruction international supportforrefugee-affected areas, Tanzania raisedtheissueoflack adequate In thecourseofyear, theGovernmentof to individualstatusdetermination. the year 2,700 Rwandanrefugees remained inTanzania at months ofNovemberandDecember. Onlysome home in2002,allbut5,000ofthemduringthe refugee populationinTanzania) voluntarilyreturned Rwandans (or97percentofthetotalRwandan As aresult ofthesemeasures, atotalof23,534 the repatriation ofRwandanrefugees from Tanzania. Tanzania andRwandaagreed onstepstoaccelerate In late2002,UNHCRandtheGovernmentsof transferred toothercamps. awaiting permissionfrom theGovernmenttobe refugees nowhavetoremain at reception centres arrivals from DRCintheKigomaregion, where UNHCR ranoutofspacetoaccommodatenew some 17,000DRCrefugees toTanzania. InOctober, while on-goingfightingresulted inanewinfluxof only assist14refugees toreturn totheDRCin2002, to beunderrebel control. UNHCRcouldtherefore returning, astheirmainareas oforigincontinued inhibited efforts toenhancetheir self-reliance. the majorityofrefugee populationandalso precluded anypossibilityoflocalintegrationfor voluntary repatriation assoonpossible.This on temporaryasylumfor refugees, withaviewto Tanzania wastheGovernment Another constraintfacingUNHCR achieved bytherepatriation operation. DRC offsetting thereduction inbeneficiaryfigures Tanzania, withnewarrivalsfrom Burundi andthe durable solutionsfortherefugee populationin and theirimpactonTanzanian society. ’ s end,andthesepersonswillhaveaccess ’ s positiononthepresence ofrefugees UNHCR GlobalReport 2002 ’ s policyoffocusing ’ s efforts tofind ’ s programme in 143

Tanzania 2,978 prima curb sexu- s family tracing ’ camps. All camps contin- camps. UNHCR staff. Refugees were encouraged Refugees were staff. ’ the Act. The National Eligibility Com- Act. The the refugee status, but the Department of Refugee refugee to report any case of sexual exploitation, either by to report with UNHCR a confidential meeting requesting using delivering anonymous notes, or through staff special mailboxes in the were There centres. drop-in ued to offer from incidents in total in 2002, a decrease reported 2001 of almost eight per cent. Community services: Activities and assistance Services refused to register a handful of individual register to Services refused irregular that they were asylum-seekers, arguing for asylum in migrants, or could have applied arriving in Tanzania. another country before SGBV-awareness UNHCR carried out a number of meetings with activities in camps, such as group meetings in the community leaders, co-ordination of new camps, mass campaigns and training and UNHCR staff implementing partner guards, A representatives. and refugee Code of Conduct to of all UNHCR guide the behaviour and attitude Swahili. into was developed and translated staff to also took several measures The Office by policemen and imple- al exploitation of refugees menting partners Refugees choosing to reside outside of the desig- outside choosing to reside Refugees up by of being rounded ran the risk nated area has cases UNHCR In such authorities. regional should that refugees with the authorities advocated in Tanzania presence for unlawful not be charged they Act, but rather that under the Immigration Act. under the Refugee should be charged the to revise agreed In 2002, the Government the dis- Act of 1998 by early 2003. During Refugee amendment, UNHCR suc- cussion on the planned short- the to address cessfully contributed to efforts comings of with statutory body entrusted mittee (NEC), the status claims, did all asylum and refugee reviewing asylum-seekers not meet in 2002, despite the fact that with the Government. Burundian had registered continued to receive and Congolese refugees facie activities resulted in 61 families being successfully activities resulted Action for the Rights of in 2002. Sixteen reunified trained on such (ARC) peer trainers were Children issues as child soldiers, HIV/AIDS and female genital mutilation. 49,000 vulnerable individuals s insistence that s insistence ’ s assistance to the new arrivals from DRC from to the new arrivals s assistance ’ UNHCR Global Report 2002 Another major concern was the shortage of food Another major concern due to WFPfor refugees which problems, pipeline food rations for most of the in reduced resulted cuts in salt, pulses and cereals). year (20-40 per cent was hampered by the Government was hampered be could not region arriving in the refugees additional where region, to the transferred instead be accommo- existed, but should capacity is south of Kigoma town that dated in an area to reach. difficult 144 Protection and solutions Protection and DRC to Burundi voluntary repatriation With elusive for so limited, durable solutions remained The Govern- in Tanzania. the majority of refugees of local integration, ment maintained its rejection only granted temporary were refugees therefore of status. In addition, the movement refugee to the designated continued to be restricted refugees camp, barring radius of a refugee four kilometre activities. engaging in socio-economic from refugees Achievements and impact Funding UNHCR from Funding constraints prevented the Government developing a new site allocated by This site would have helped for Congolese refugees. in the to ease the strain on camp infrastructure and Burundi new arrivals from With Kigoma region. UNHCR camps, crowded already DRC reaching other reducing had to finance camp expansion by for the existing planned activities and services of renewal population in the camps. The planned had refugees domestic supplies for long-standing of non-food to be cancelled, and the distribution reductions items limited to new arrivals. Budget Somali refugees also caused the transfer of 3,500 to Chogo settle- region Mkuyu in the Tanga from to 2003. ment for local integration to be postponed campaign planned in In addition, a re-registration has shown all camps had to be cancelled. Experience in downward result frequently that such exercises adjustments of up to ten per cent in the beneficiary as much as USD five which may represent figures, WFP. million in food rations from UNHCR

Tanzania cal gees r and theprovision ofnon-fooditems.Disabledrefu- such astheconstruction orrenovation ofshelters were assistedthrough community-basedinitiatives, Education: Domestic needs/householdsupport: Crop production: peace manualsandinitiatingschoolclubs. UNICEF collaboratedinprintinganddistributing involved peacegroups from Burundi. UNHCRand resolution activities;someoftheseactivitiesalso 31,000 refugees participatedinpeaceandconflict by UNHCRandUNIFEM.Inaddition,more than sessions onpeaceandcon refugee womenfrom Kibondoattendedtraining peace initiativesinKibondoandKasulucamps.Six UNHCR continuedtosupportrefugee women income, reduced idlenessandimproved nutrition. and communitygardens, resulting inadditional planted kitchengardens forvulnerablepersons more responsibility fortheirownassistance.They order toempowertherefugee communitytotake ative Committeeswere developedinallcamps and reproductive healthadvice.Self-RelianceIniti- from activitiessuchascarpentry, gardening, sports exam and42percentattained apassgradeorbetter. primary schools).2,185pupils satforthenational from 1:75to1:100inprimaryschools(1:50post- vocational training.Theteacher pupilratioranged from othernon-formaleducation activities including primary institutions,and22,260refugees benefited In addition,some16,000studentsattendedpost- of 87-96percentschool-agedrefugee children). than 135,600attendedprimaryschools(anaverage Over 28,500children attendedpre-school, andmore Kigoma andKageraregions in2002was 202,474. adults enrolled ineducationprogrammes inthe and kitchenssets. issued withbasicprovisions suchasblankets,mats year. All 51,218newlyarrivingrefugees were received sanitarymaterialsduringthecourseof year. Approximately 75,000womenaged12-50 sanitary materialswere distributedthroughout the the Kigomaregion. trees plantedinandaround localcommunitiesin fruit tree growing, withabout60percentof allfruit therapy. 35,000adolescentrefugees benefited eceived supportincludingtricyclesandphysi- The totalnumberofchildren, youthand Emphasis hasbeenplacedon fl ict resolution organised Soap and ’ s Forestry: Food: Health/nutrition: eventual return. up withtheirpeersathomeandbeprepared for Congolese authorities,enablingthechildren tokeep of Educationandwillberecognised bythe ducted underthesupervisionofDRCMinistry tions heldinKasulu.Theexaminationswere con- primary andpost-primaryDRCnationalexamina- Some 3,500Congoleserefugee children satforthe rations were backuptothe100percentlevel. made. BytheendofOctober, however, allfood throughout theyear, severalreductions hadtobe numerous disruptions inWFP ment wasundertakendirectly byUNHCR.Dueto Somali refugees intheTanga region, foodprocure- (Kcal) perrefugee perdayduring2002.Forthe in enhanced"HIV/AIDS" interventions(voluntary refugee programme inTanzania. Thereview resulted the approach taken to"HIV/AIDS" andSTDsinthe UNHCR alsoinitiatedacomprehensive review of feeding womenaswell astuberculosis cases. including children under five,pregnant andbreast- grammes benefitedmore than196,500refugees, Supplementary andtherapeuticfeedingpro- refugees remained withinsatisfactorylevels. food reductions, theoverallnutritionalstatus of of ChildHealth.Thesurveyshowedthatdespite with WFP, NGOpartnersandtheLondonInstitute nutritional surveyinthecampscollaboration referral services.InJuly, UNHCRconducteda more than4,400refugees benefitedfrom medical admissions (includingover12,000locals),and per year).There were some112,000 newin-patient tations (onaverage,three consultationsperrefugee provided more than1.5millionout-patientconsul- extended dryspells. was 70percent,slightlylowerthanin2001dueto the survivalratefortransplantedtree seedlings nurseries (notablyinprimaryschools).In2002, villages through micro-household and to environmental preservation incampsandnearby efforts tostrengthen thecommunity-basedapproach for plantinginKigomaandKagera.UNHCRmade More than1.8milliontree seedlingswere distributed through environmental educationandforest patrols. resources inandaround refugee campscontinued F provided anaverageof1,570kilocalories WFP UNHCR UNHCR GlobalReport 2002 ’ s efforts toprotect existingnatural Health servicesinthecamps ’ s foodpipeline “ flying 145 ”

Tanzania pro- ” efugee partners fessional manage- humanitarian char- humanitarian UNHCR maintained ntervened with the Security Package “ All implementing gramme in 2003. UNHCR also gramme the Mwisa continued to fund ex- where separation facility, within combatants identified population are the refugee a statutory accommodated for months. When at period of three one point in 2002 the camp held exceeding 800 inmates (greatly its capacity of 350 persons), UNHCR i which Affairs, Ministry of Home inmates who to release agreed than three had stayed for more months. received administrative support received as well as support for training development to and staff their capacity to strengthen The implement the programme. majority of training sessions involved pro ment skills, vocational courses and sectoral skills. Operational support (to agen- cies): Tanzania, and training all police and training Tanzania, r on in the programme of the maintenance status, the civilian and issues. and SGBV acter of camps, was requested The Government the number of women to increase in the Family latrine coverage in the camps ux, camps for Burundian and Congolese ux, camps for Burundian fl refugees in Kibondo and Kigoma districts reached in Kibondo and Kigoma districts refugees Illagala as The Government has offered full capacity. insisting a contingency camp for Congolese refugees, and repaired transit facilities to ensure their capacity transit facilities to ensure and repaired an average of 400 persons per week. In to receive as well as a addition, a total of 73 kms of camp roads of the As a result repaired. airstrip were 300 metre 2002 in varied between 75 and 99 per cent, depending on the location and capacity of the camps. UNHCR also carried out vector spraying campaigns in all camps the risk of malaria. to reduce Sanitation: Shelter/other infrastructure: arian assistance for programme for camp security, programme UNHCR conducted numerous ” UNHCR / L. Taylor otection, refugee law, human rights law and law, otection, refugee otocols developed by the Tanzanian Ministry otocols developed by the Tanzanian UNHCR Global Report 2002 staff, government officials, students and the government officials, staff, ’ Security Package workshops and training programmes on interna- workshops and training programmes tional pr benefiting UNHCR and implementing part- SGBV, ners by assisting 287 police placed in camps in western 146 Legal assistance: their livelihood. counselling and testing, sentinel surveillance and STD and family drugs). anti-retroviral improved distributed planning clinics as well as youth centres In addition, some 1.5 million condoms to refugees. trained on key treat- in all camps were health staff ment pr of Health. Vulnerable children like this Rwandan refugee depend on humanit like this Rwandan refugee children Vulnerable general public. UNHCR continued to fund the “

Tanzania gramme. UNHCRalsocommenced ing technicalandmanagerial professional waterandsanitationspecialist,bring- the NGO,provided UNHCRwithanexperienced Health Engineer. Thesecondment, international NGOforthesec Tanzania willbeclosedoff toCongoleserefugees. without progress onitsdevelopmentbyJune2003, that thesiteisonlyavailablelocationand logistics outpostfrom DaresSalaam forthepurposes smalloffice inMwanzaservesas the country. A Tanzania, and Ngara inthenorth-westernpartof offices inKibondo,KasuluandKigomawestern the branchoffice inDaresSalaam,supportedby UNHCR maintainedatotalofsix Management and implementation Organisation Water: exercise. and trucks tosupporttheRwandanrepatriation costs, UNHCRwasforced tohire commercial buses frequent repair overandabovesubstantialoperating over 250,000kilometres. With mostvehiclesrequiring the eightnewtrucks, theaveragevehiclehaslogged ingly UNHCR anditspartnersin2002isbecomingincreas- costs. Theheavygoodsvehiclefleetoperatedby drawn capacity becauseanequalhadtobewith- ver, thepurchase yieldednoadditionalcarrying ton trucks were addedtothefleetin2002.Howe- UNHCR fleetinKigomaandKagera.Eightnew20- metric tonsbeinghandledandtransportedbythe rations onabi-weeklybasis,withanaverageof4,250 Transport/logistics: good relations withthelocal population. to havewatercommitteesforthemaintenanceof tion). All campsreliant onsurfacewatercontinued litres perdayavailabletothem(varyingbyloca- ensured thatallrefugees hadbetween14and24 of waterdistributionpoints.UNHCR r Other activitiesincludedthemaintenanceand reduce the riskofwatershortagesinthe tion oftwoboreholes intheLugufucampsto inefficient anddifficult tomaintain.Excluding due toexcessivewearandhighmaintenance In 2002,UNHCRsignedaMOUwithan NC n F delivered food UNHCR andWFP ondment ofaPublic strength tothepro- fi fully fundedby the mechanisa- ces inTanzania: dry season. ’ s effortss epair throughout theyear. Rwandan andBurundian refugees functioned Governments) forthevoluntaryrepatriation of Government ofTanzania andcountryoforigin Tri-partite mechanisms(betweenUNHCR,the activities. board, familytracingandothercommunityservices educational materials,supporttotheexamination co-ordination ofeducationactivities,printing UNICEF continuedtobeparticularlystrong inthe other areas. CollaborationbetweenUNHCRand UNFPA, andFAO provided technicalguidancein assistance fortherefugees, WFP, UNICEF, WHO, UNHCR istaskedwiththeoverallco-ordination of tional andtenTanzanian NGOpartners.Whilst During 2002,UNHCRworkedwithnineinterna- ment themajorityofUNHCR-fundedprojects. international andlocalNGOpartnerswhoimple- Home Affairs. UNHCRprovided assistancethrough to betheRefugeeDepartmentofMinistry UNHCR Working withothers NGO partners. tion, newlydraftedclausesaddress theconductof the documentbyendofFebruary 2003.Inaddi- its localstaff memberssothatallstaff couldsign Tanzania translatedthedocumentintoSwahilifor UNHCR internationalandlocalstaff. UNHCR Conduct toguidethebehaviourandattitudeofall During theyear, UNHCRdevelopedaCodeof three JPOsand12UNVs. including 38internationaland136nationalstaff, UNHCR Tanzania operatedwithatotalof189staff, of co-ordinating theUNHCRcharterarrangements. was asudden'hardening' oftheGovernment Congolese andRwandanrefugees. In2002,there dard ofasyluminTanzania forBurundian, working towards maintaining anacceptablestan- UNHCR liveduptoitsmandate,continuously Overall assessment Rwandan refugees, inparticular. accelerate therepatriation of Burundian and Tanzania, and UNHCR faced tude towards the long-termpr ’ s maingovernmentcounterpartcontinued UNHCR GlobalReport 2002 increasing pressure to esence ofrefugees in Nevertheless, the ’ s atti- 147

Tanzania presence and activities of UNHCR in Tanzania Partners allowed for the delivery of protection and assis- Government Agencies tance to an average population of 500,000 refugees Ministry of Home Affairs over the course of 2002. Principal Commissioner of Prisons Regional Administrative Secretary (Kigoma) The demands on the humanitarian assistance pro- Regional Administrative Secretary (Tanga) gramme expanded despite the dramatic increase in repatriation in 2002. The programme absorbed the NGOs newly arriving refugees and also had to support Africare Tanzania the repatriation of those wishing to return. Assist Road Foundation However, successive years of budget cuts have dra- Atlas Logistique matically reduced the programme’s ability to cater Caritas (Kigoma) for new refugees. The existing camps allocated for Caritas (Rulange) Congolese refugees have been fully occupied and Chama Cha Uzazi na Malezi Bora Tanzania financially the new (Illagala) site remains beyond Christian Outreach Relief and Development UNHCR’s ability to develop. The camps accommo- Concern dating Burundian refugees are at 95 per cent occu- Co-operative American Relief Everywhere (CARE) pancy. Looking ahead, the programme is facing International Rescue Committee mounting challenges in view of reduced levels of Norwegian People’s Aid resources, an increasing beneficiary population, Relief to Development Society shortages of allocated camp space for refugees and Samaritan Enterprise Keepers Organisation continued tensions within the region. South African Extension Unit Tanganyika Christian Refugee Services Offices Tanzania Red Cross Society Tanzania Water and Environmental Sanitation Dar es Salaam World Vision Tanzania Kibondo Others Kigoma Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit Mwanza FAO Ngara UNFPA Kasulu UNICEF Kibondo WFP Kigoma WHO Mwanza Ngara

148 UNHCR Global Report 2002 od151416,436 308,521 562,765 9,418 343,292 353,178 175,194 91,189 561,762 12,965 349,188 448,296 493,749 7,437,629 Forestry Food Education Domestic Needs/HouseholdSupport Crop Production Community Services Protection, MonitoringandCo-ordination aclain 0,4 (5) 104,840 (5) (5) 0 (5) 0 1,739,530 1,844,370 0 (99,809) (3) (3) 460,868 (1) 20,732 (5,332,271) 5,913,680 27,150,250 566,057 27,716,307 0 742,202 6,074,473 0 0 0 5,187,320 5,187,320 0 647,222 38,087 Outstanding 31December 7,201,302 (5) 12,388,622 Cancellations 1,701,443 222,271 Disbursements New Obligations 1,529,163 (3) 1,739,530 Outstanding 1stJanuary Unliquidated Obligations 215,978 566,057 106,812 451,337 (5,332,271) Outstanding 31December 1,196,639 2,338,058 Currency Adjustment (3) Refunded toUNHCR 24,812,192 1,434,820 Outstanding 1stJanuary 130,615 27,150,250 Balance 2,842,641 Reporting Received Payments Made (1) 843,384 Instalments withImplementingPartners 5,187,320 1,255,246 1,369,773 Total 27,716,307 Unliquidated Obligations 3,249,104 Sub-total Disbursements/Deliveries Programme Support Sub-total Operational Instalments withImplementingPartners Water Transport/Logistics Shelter/Other Infrastructure 1,739,530 Sanitation Operational Support(toAgencies) Legal Assistance Health/Nutrition (3) xedtr radw Current Year Expenditure Breakdown 5 Schedule5 (5) Schedule3 (3) AnnextoStatement1 (1) Figures whichcross-reference toAccounts: Financial Report(USD) ’ rjcsntsPrior Years notes s Projects Annual Programme BudgetandTrust Funds UNHCR GlobalReport 2002 ’ Poet notes Projects 149

Tanzania