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And Physonota Alutacea Boheman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)

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And Physonota Alutacea Boheman (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) ANN ALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2008, 58(3): 641 -665 IMMATURE STAGES OF ASTEBIZA FLAVICORNIS (OLIVIER) AND PHYSONOTA ALUTACEA BOHEMAN (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: CASSIDINAE) JOLANTA SWILTOJANSKA1 and DONALD M. WINDSOR2 ^Zoological Institute, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] (author for correspondence) ^-Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Panama, Republica de Panama; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.— The first instar larva oiPhysonota alutacea Boheman, 1854, a member of the tribe Physonotini Spaeth, 1942, and the mature larva and pupa of Asteriza flavicornis (Olivier, 1790), a member of the tribe Asterizini Hincks, 1952, are described for the first time. The mature larva and the pupa oiPhysonota alutacea are redescribed. Immatures are figured and described using light microscopy, the first instar larva of Physonota alutacea using scanning electron microscopy. Similarities in the larval morphologies of Cistudinella Champion, 1894, a member of the tribe Ischyrosonychini, Chapuis, 1875, and Physonota suggest both genera are close phylogenetically and should be placed in a single tribe. The additional similarities between the mature larva of Asteriza and those of Physonota and Cistudinella suggest all three genera should be placed within a single tribe. Key words.— Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Physonotini, Asterizini, Physonota alutacea, Asteriza flavicornis, morphology of immatures, Neotropics. INTRODUCTION Swietojahska and Medeiros (2007) redescribed first and last instar larvae of Cistudinella obducta (Bohe- Spaeth in Hincks (1952) placed the genera Physo- man, 1854) and compared them with descriptions of nota and Asteriza in two different tribes - Physonotini mature larvae of several Physonota species. They sug- Spaeth, 1942 and Asterizini Hincks, 1952; and he gested the mature larva of Cistudinella is not close to placed the genera Cistudinella Champion, 1894 and Physonota larvae and proposed to restore the tribe Eurypedus Gistel, 1834 in the tribe Ischyrosonychini Ischrosonychini but with some reservations because Chapuis, 1875. Borowiec (1995) suggested in his tribal first instar larvae of Physonota were hitherto un- classification of tortoise beetles uniting these into known. a single tribe, Ischrosonychini, because synapomor- Until now the following immatures of the Physonoti- phies based on adult characters are lacking in each of ni sensu lato are described: Physonota alutacea the existing tribes. Later, in his catalogue of world Boheman, 1854, Ph. arizonae Schaeffer, 1925, Ph. hel- genera of Cassidinae Borowiec (1999) again placed all ianthi Boheman, 1854, and Ph. unipunctata (Say, the genera in a single tribe but preferred the name 1824) by Sanderson (1948), Eurypepla calochroma Physonotini over Ischyrosonychini because the latter (Blake, 1965) by Woodruff (1976) and Cistudinella was based on a junior synonym (Ischyrosonyx obducta (Boheman, 1854) by Fiebrig (1910) and Swie- Sturm, 1843 is a synonym of Eurypedus Gistel, 1834). tojahska and Medeiros (2007). While the descriptions PL ISSN 0003-4541 © Fundacja Natura optima dux doi: 10.3161/000345408X364472 642 J. SWIETOJANSKA and D. M. WINDSOR of mature larvae by Fiebrig, Sanderson and Woodruff A Nikon ECLIPSE 801 microscope with phase contrast are incomplete, some features suggest that Physonota was used for specimen examination and drawing fig- and Eurypepla are distinct from Cistudinella. The ures. most distinctive characters are the number and struc- The photos of mature larvae and pupae were made ture of lateral scoli. Eleven or 14 pairs of lateral scoli using a Nikon COOLPIX MDC Lens camera and Nikon are found in Physonota, 14 in Eurypepla, whereas 16 SMZ 1500 stereomicroscope. are found in Cistudinella. Lateral scoli are short and Larvae for SEM examination were transferred from conical in Physonota and Eurypepla species, while in 75% to 100% ethanol and dried using HMDS (Hexam- Cistudinella they are long and covered with numer- ethyldisilazane). After fixing on stubs with carbon tabs ous lateral branches and setae. A recent redescription they were sputter-coated with gold and examined with of the mature larva of Cistudinella obducta by Swie- a LEO 435 VP scanning microscope at magnifications tojanska and Medeiros, (2007) also confirms this differ- up to 20 000 x. ence. Mature larvae were described for all species All studied materials were deposited at Department mentioned above but only the first instar was described of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Taxonomy, Zoological for Cistudinella obducta (Fiebrig 1910, Swietojanska Institute, University of Wroclaw, Poland. Voucher spec- and Medeiros 2007). The mature larvae of Cassidinae imens oiAsteriza and Physonota are deposited in the often present characters of adaptative value (autapo- insect collection of the Smithsonian Tropical Research morphies) while useful synapomorphies found in earli- Institute in Panama. er instars tend to disappear. This shift in larval charac- ters is especially noticeable with chaetotaxy, which changes strongly from first to last instar (Borowiec and DESCRIPTIONS Swietojanska 2003). Thus, first instar larval characters are often more useful in tribal level determinations in Physonota alutacea Boheman, 1854 Cassidinae. Below we redescribe in detail the mature larva and First instar larva. Measurements (n=6; [mm]). pupa of Physonota alutacea and we describe its first Length (without head) from anterior border of prono- instar larva. We also describe the mature larva and tum to base of supra-anal processes: 1.75, 2.00, 2.00, pupa oiAsteriza flavicornis. Moreover, we compare 1.75,1.70,1.80; width across mesonotum, without later- the first instar larva of Physonota alutacea with the al scoli (respectively): 0.75, 1.00, 0.95, 0.90, 0.90, 0.95. first instar larva of Cistudinella obducta and the last Body flattened dorso-ventrally, oval, moderately instars of all three taxa and discuss their taxonomic narrowed posteriorly, widest across meso- and meta- position. Comparative characters of all known mature thorax (Figs 1, 2). Larvae preserved in alcohol are yel- larvae and pupae of Physonotini sensu lato are also lowish-brown with brown pronotum, head, legs, lateral given. scoli and supra-anal processes. Meso-, metanotum and abdominal tergites with small brown patches, each at base of seta. Posteriorly patches merge into one brown MATERIAL AND METHODS elongated patch thus abdominal tergites VI-VIII are with two elongated patches. Sternites of thorax and Examined immatures oiAsteriza flavicornis were abdominal sternites I-V yellowish-brown. Abdominal collected in Haiti: Dept. L'Queste Pace National de la sternites VI and VII yellowish-brown with brown patch Visite (vicinity of park headquarters, 1800 m) in in the middle. Abdominal sternite VIII brown. 23.05.1984 by M. C. Thomas on food plant Cordia sp. Nine pairs of spiracles (one on thorax and 8 on (Boraginaceae). abdomen), each distinctly elevated (Figs 25, 26). Spira- Immatures of Physonota alutacea were collected cles of thorax visible from ventral view. in Panama: Pma Pr. E. Canal Area Pipeline Rd in Body with 14 pairs of lateral scoli and a single pair 16.05.1993 by D. M. Windsor. of long and stout supra-anal processes (Figs 1,21). All Larvae initially killed and preserved in 75 to 80% lateral scoli visible from dorsal as well as ventral view. ethanol were removed and boiled in 10% NaOH solu- Scoli of first pair the shortest (Figs 1,2). Scoli 5th and tion, cleared in distilled water and then mounted on 7th pairs the longest. Remainder scoli more or less of slides with Swan's liquid (distilled water 20 g, gum the same length. All lateral scoli without lateral arable 15 g, chlorhydrate 60 g, glucose 3 g, glacial branches, but covered with long setae. Lateral scoli acetic acid 2 g) and glycerine for light microcopy. armed apically with one long seta. Setae of lateral scoli Heads of the larvae were separated from the rest of the (including long setae placed apically) at the top with body and then mouthparts were dissected. small spines. Supra-anal processes stout, bent dorsal- Slides and measurements of larvae and pupae ly, covered with numerous setae. Apex of supra-anal were made using a Nikon SMZ 1500 stereomicroscope. processes acute without apical setae (Figs 1, 21, 27). IMMATURE STAGES OF ASTERIZA FIMICORNIS (OLIVIER, 1790) AND PHYSONOTA ALUTACEA BOHEMAN, 1854 643 Figure 1. Physonota alutacea, dorsal side of first instar larva. 644 J. SWIETOJANSKA and D. M. WINDSOR o 3 o CD C/> O o3 2" 0) 3 o < < i: i Figure 2. Physonota alutacea, chaetotaxy of dorsal side of first instar larva. IMMATURE STAGES OF ASTERIZA FLAVICORNIS (OLIVIER, 1790) AND PHYSONOTA ALUTACEA BOHEMAN, 1854 645 < < < Figure 3. Physonota alutacea, chaetotaxy of ventral side of first instar larva. 646 J. SWIETOJANSKA and D. M. WINDSOR K13 il n ^ QD O rA /&-k Figures 4-9. Physonota alutacea, setae of first instar larva. (4) Setae of head; (5) seta of I abdominal tergite; (6) setae of metasternum placed medially; (7) seta of II abdominal sternite; (8) seta of the top of lateral scoli; (9) setae which covered lateral scoli. Setae of supra-anal processes look like setae on later- in the middle with numerous shorter setae. Meso- and al scoli and on tergites. metasternum in the middle with numerous shorter Tergites and sternites with long setae, and at ante- setae and one pair of long pointed setae. Abdominal rior border of each segment with minute setae (Figs sternites covered with numerous setae of different 1-3, 21, 22). Setae of tergites more or less in similar length but very long setae predominate. length slightly shorter than setae of sternites (Figs Six stemmata on each side of head: five of the same 5-7). Setae of tergites at the top with small spines (Figs size and one slightly smaller (Figs 10, 30). 5, 28). Setae of sternites slightly shorter or distinctly Frontal side of head with five (sometimes four or longer than setae of tergites. Most setae of sternites six) small vertical setae, around 26-30 long and a few pointed at the tops only some setae with small spines shorter setae, and few campaniform sensilla (Figs 10, at the tops (Figs 6, 7).
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