Remembering Hedley Remembering Hedley Edited by Coral Bell and Meredith Thatcher Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/hedley_citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Remembering Hedley / editors, Meredith Thatcher ; Coral Bell. ISBN: 9781921536069 (pbk.) 9781921536076 (pdf) Series: Working paper (Australian National University. Strategic and Defence Studies Centre) ; no. 170. Subjects: National security. International relations. Festschriften. Essays. Other Authors/Contributors: Thatcher, Meredith. Bell, Coral Dewey Number: 355.03 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. The Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence series is a collection of publications arising principally from research undertaken at the SDSC. Canberra Papers have been peer reviewed since 2006. All Canberra Papers are available for sale: visit the SDSC website at <http://rspas. anu.edu.au/sdsc/canberra_papers.php> for abstracts and prices. Electronic copies (in pdf format) of most SDSC Working Papers published since 2002 may be downloaded for free from the SDSC website at <http://rspas.anu.edu.au/sdsc/working_papers.php>. The entire Working Papers series is also available on a ‘print on demand’ basis. Strategic and Defence Studies Centre Publications Program Advisory Review Panel: Emeritus Professor Paul Dibb; Professor Desmond Ball; Professor David Horner; Professor Hugh White; Professor William Tow; Professor Anthony Milner; Professor Virginia Hooker; Dr Coral Bell; Dr Pauline Kerr Strategic and Defence Studies Centre Publications Program Editorial Board: Professor Hugh White; Dr Brendan Taylor; Dr Christian Enemark; Miss Meredith Thatcher (series editor) Cover design by Teresa Prowse Printed by University Printing Services, ANU This edition © 2008 ANU E Press Contents Contributors vii Foreword by Coral Bell xi 1. Early Years: Sydney and Oxford 1 Mary Bull 2. An Early Influence: John Anderson 9 Renée Jeffery 3. Hedley Bull and Arms Control 31 Robert O’Neill 4. London: the LSE, the ‘British Committee on International Theory’, 47 the ‘English School’ and the early days of the IISS Coral Bell 5. ‘A Common Interest in Common Interest’: 53 Hedley Bull, Thomas Schelling and Collaboration in International Politics Robert Ayson 6. Hedley in Canberra 73 Bruce Miller 7. Conversations with Hedley 79 Adam Watson 8. Hedley in his own words: three essays 83 (1) Order vs Justice in International Society 83 (2) Martin Wight and the Theory of International 100 Relations: The Second Martin Wight Memorial Lecture (3) The Revolt against the West 115 9. Lost Friend 127 Michael Howard Appendix: the Hedley Bull Centre 131 v Contributors Robert Ayson is Senior Fellow in The Australian National University's Strategic and Defence Studies Centre where he directs the Graduate Studies in Strategy and Defence Program. He has held official positions in New Zealand with the External Assessments Bureau and the Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade parliamentary select committee, and academic positions at the University of Waikato and Massey University. Dr Ayson is the author of Thomas Schelling and the Nuclear Age: Strategy as Social Science, published by Frank Cass in 2004, and co-editor (with Desmond Ball) of Strategy and Security in the Asia-Pacific, published by Allen & Unwin in 2006. His research interests include strategic concepts, Asia-Pacific security, Australasian strategic policies and nuclear proliferation issues. Coral Bell is a Visiting Fellow at the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, The Australian National University. She has held postings in the Diplomatic Service and as Professor of International Politics at the University of Sussex. Her research interests are mainly in crisis management and the interaction of strategic, economic and diplomatic factors in international politics, especially as they affect US and Australian foreign policies. Her articles have appeared in a number of leading international journals, such as Foreign Affairs, The National Interest and The American Interest. Recent publications have included Living with Giants: Finding Australia's place in a more complex world and A World Out of Balance: American Power and International Politics in the Twenty-First Century. She also contributed `The International System and Changing Strategic Norms' in (eds) R. Ayson and D. Ball, Strategy and Security in the Asia-Pacific and authored The End of the Vasco da Gama Era: The next landscape of world politics, published by the Lowy Institute for International Policy and Longueville Media in December 2007. Mary Bull was married to Hedley Bull soon after both graduated from the University of Sydney. Her scholarly interests have been in the field of African studies, and she worked for a time with Professor Marjorie Perham, as well as raising three children. Professor Sir Michael Howard OM, is a British military historian, former Chichele Professor of the History of War and Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford University, and Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University. Howard served during the Second World War, was twice wounded and won a Military Cross at Salerno. He helped found the Department of War Studies and the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives at King's College, London, as well as the International Institute for Strategic Studies. He was knighted in 1986 and was appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour in 2002 and to the Order of Merit in 2005. He is an vii Remembering Hedley authority on Carl von Clausewitz, including as co-editor and translator (with Peter Paret) of Carl von Clausewitz, On War and as author of Clausewitz. Other publications include Disengagement in Europe; Studies in War and Peace; The Continental Commitment: The Dilemma of British Defence Policy in the Era of Two World Wars; War in European History; Soldiers and Governments: Nine Studies in Civil Military Relations; Strategic Deception in World War II; The Lessons of History; The Invention of Peace; The First World War; and, in 2007, Liberation or Catastrophe?: Reflections on the History of the 20th Century. His autobiography, entitled Captain Professor: A Life in War and Peace, was published by Continuum International Publishing Group in 2006. Renée Jeffrey joined the School of History and Politics at the University of Adelaide as a Lecturer in International Politics in July 2007. She was previously a lecturer in International Relations in the Politics Program at La Trobe University. Jeffery was awarded her BA(Hons) from the University of New South Wales and her PhD in International Relations from the University of St. Andrews. Her research interests include international ethics, international relations theory, international law, the history of international thought, and religion and international politics. Jeffery's publications include Hugo Grotius in International Thought and Evil and International Relations: Human Suffering in an Age of Terror. Jeffery is also the editor of Confronting Evil in International Relations: Ethical Responses to Problems of Moral Agency, which was published by Palgrave Macmillan in May 2008. Bruce Miller, an Emeritus Professor of The Australian National University, was its Professor of International Relations from 1962 to 1987 and before that Professor of Politics at Leicester University in the United Kingdom. He had a distinguished career both in academia and in Australian public life, serving on, amongst other organisations, the Australian Research Grants Committee, the Australian Commission for UNESCO (twice) and the Australian Population and Immigration Council. His intellectual interests ranged widely, with its core, at least in publication, centering on Australia in the Commonwealth and in the wider world. His more than a dozen books included The Politics of the Third World; Survey of Commonwealth Affairs: Problems of Expansion and Attrition; The EEC and Australia; The World of States; Ideology and Foreign Policy; and two highly regarded textbooks for students of political science, Australian Government and Politics, and The Nature of Politics. Robert O'Neill is currently Planning Director of the United States Studies Centre of the University of Sydney. He has been director of the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, Chichele Professor of the History of War at the University of Oxford, a Fellow of All Souls College and Chairman of the Sir Robert Menzies Centre for Australian Studies in the University of London (1990±96). He is also a board member of the Lowy Institute for International viii Contributors Policy. His research interests focus on war and warfare in the past and present, and ways of resolving international tensions. While Head of the Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at the Australian National University (1970±82), he wrote the Official History of Australia's role in the Korean War and he is also the former Armed Services Editor of the Australian Dictionary of Biography (1970±2001). He was elected a Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia in 1978 and awarded an Order of Australia in 1988. Adam Watson was an international relations theorist and researcher. Alongside