DOCSLIB.ORG

Spatula Clypeata

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Spatula clypeata -- (Linnaeus, 1758) ANIMALIA -- CHORDATA -- AVES -- ANSERIFORMES -- ANATIDAE Common names: Northern Shoveler; Canard souchet; Shoveler European Red List Assessment European Red List Status LC -- Least Concern, (IUCN version 3.1) Assessment Information Year published: 2015 Date assessed: 2015-03-31 Assessor(s): BirdLife International Reviewer(s): Symes, A. Compiler(s): Ashpole, J., Burfield, I., Ieronymidou, C., Pople, R., Wheatley, H. & Wright, L. Assessment Rationale European regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) EU27 regional assessment: Least Concern (LC) At both European and EU27 scales this species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence 10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). The population trend appears to be stable, and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (30% decline over ten years or three generations). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern within both Europe and the EU27. Occurrence Countries/Territories of Occurrence Native: Albania; Armenia; Austria; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Belgium; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Georgia; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland; Ireland, Rep. of; Italy; Latvia; Liechtenstein; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Malta; Moldova; Montenegro; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Spain; Canary Is. (to ES); Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; Ukraine; United Kingdom Vagrant: Faroe Islands (to DK); Greenland (to DK); Svalbard and Jan Mayen (to NO) Population The European population is estimated at 170,000-233,000 pairs, which equates to 340,000-466,000 mature individuals. The population in the EU27 is estimated at 27,100-42,900 pairs, which equates to 54,300-85,700 mature individuals. For details of national estimates, see Supplementary PDF. Trend In Europe and the EU27 the population size is estimated to be stable. For details of national estimates, see Supplementary PDF. Habitats and Ecology It inhabits permanent shallow freshwater wetlands (Carboneras and Kirwan 2014), preferred sites being those surrounded by dense stands of reeds or other emergent vegetation whilst being free of overhanging trees or fringing forest (Snow and Perrins 1998). Suitable habitats include well-vegetated lakes and marshes and with muddy shores and substrates in open country (Carboneras and Kirwan 2014), as well as oxbow lakes, channels and swamps (former U.S.S.R.) (Flint et al. 1984). It also frequents artificial waters bordered by lush grassland (Snow and Perrins 1998) such as sewage farms, rice-fields (Kear 2005) and fish ponds (Musil 2006). In the winter it can be found on coastal brackish lagoons, tidal mudflats (Carboneras and Kirwan 2014), estuaries (Madge and Burn 1988), coastal shorelines, fresh and brackish estuarine marshes (Johnsgard 1978), inland seas and brackish or saline inland waters (Snow and Perrins 1998), occasionally occurring (briefly) on marine waters during migration (Madge and Burn 1988, Snow and Perrins 1998). It arrives on the breeding grounds from March where it breeds in solitary pairs or loose groups in the northern spring (chiefly from mid-April to June). The nest is a scrape or depression (Carboneras and Kirwan 2014) on the ground in tall grass, among hummocks, in the open (Flint et al. 1984) or (rarely) in bulrush marshes (Kear 2005). Normally between nine and eleven eggs are laid. Its diet consists of small aquatic invertebrates such as adult and larval insects, molluscs, the seeds of emergent and aquatic plants (Carboneras and Kirwan 2014), planktonic crustaceans (Snow and Perrins 1998), annelids, amphibian spawn, tadpoles, spiders, fish and the vegetative parts of aquatic plants (Johnsgard 1978, Brown et al. 1982). This species is highly migratory although it may be present all year round in parts of Europe (Carboneras and Kirwan 2014). Habitats & Altitude Habitat (level 1 - level 2) Importance Occurrence Artificial/Aquatic - Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land suitable breeding Artificial/Aquatic - Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land suitable non-breeding Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas suitable breeding Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas suitable non-breeding Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over ha) suitable breeding Artificial/Aquatic - Water Storage Areas (over ha) suitable non-breeding Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes suitable non-breeding Marine Intertidal - Mud Flats and Salt Flats suitable non-breeding Marine Neritic - Estuaries suitable non-breeding Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over ha) suitable breeding Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over ha) suitable non-breeding Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under ha) major breeding Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under ha) major non-breeding Altitude Occasional altitudinal limits Threats The species is threatened by habitat loss from drainage and changing farmland practices (Hagemeijer and Blair 1997), is occasionally killed by collisions with power transmission lines (Malcolm 1982), and suffers from nest predation by American Mink (Neovison vison) (Opermanis et al. 2001, Nordstrom et al. 2002, Bartoszewicz and Zalewski 2003). It is susceptible to avian influenza (Melville and Shortridge 2006, Gaidet et al. 2007) and avian botulism (Forrester et al. 1980) so may be threatened by future outbreaks of these diseases. The species suffers mortality as a result of lead shot ingestion (Camargue, France and Spain (Mateo et al. 1998, Mondain-Monval et al. 2002)). The species is a favoured quarry species throughout most of the world, but is rarely taken in large numbers (Kear 2005). It is hunted for sport in Denmark (Bregnballe et al. 2006) and the Po delta, Italy (Sorrenti et al. 2006). The eggs of this species used to be (and possibly still are) harvested in Iceland (Gudmundsson 1979). Threats & Impacts Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses Agriculture & Agro-industry Timing Scope Severity Impact aquaculture farming Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Medium Impact Declines Stresses Ecosystem conversion Biological resource Hunting & trapping Timing Scope Severity Impact use terrestrial animals Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact (intentional use - species is the target) Stresses Species mortality Invasive and other American Mink Timing Scope Severity Impact problematic (Neovison vison) Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Low Impact species, genes & Declines diseases Stresses Species mortality Threats & Impacts Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses Invasive and other Avian Influenza Timing Scope Severity Impact problematic Virus (H subtype) Past, Likely to Majority (50-90%) Rapid Declines Past Impact species, genes & Return diseases Stresses Species mortality Invasive and other Clostridium Timing Scope Severity Impact problematic botulinum Past, Likely to Majority (50-90%) Rapid Declines Past Impact species, genes & Return diseases Stresses Species mortality Natural system Abstraction of Timing Scope Severity Impact modifications surface water Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Slow, Significant Medium Impact (unknown use) Declines Stresses Ecosystem conversion Transportation & Utility & service Timing Scope Severity Impact service corridors lines Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Negligible declines Low Impact Stresses Species mortality Conservation Conservation Actions Underway CMS Appendix II. EU Birds Directive Annex II and III. Some studies have been done on the requirements of this species. A study in the Czech Republic found that fish ponds with a fish stock density of less than 400 kg/ ha, water transparency of more than 50 cm, mixed fish stocks (e.g. tench and pike or perch) rather than monospecific stocks (e.g. of carp), and systems that include ponds with fish fry (to provide areas with low fish competition and high invertebrate availability) are more successful in supporting breeding pairs of this species (Musil 2006). The cyclical removal of adult fish from an artificial waterbody (gravel pit) in the U.K. attracted nesting pairs to the area by causing an increase in invertebrate food availability and an increase in the growth of submerged aquatic macrophytes (Giles 1994). The removed fish (dead or alive) were sold to generate funds (Giles 1994). Conservation Actions Proposed A network of key sites needs to be preserved and low-intensity farmland practices encouraged to help preserve habitat for this species. Power lines should be moved or made more visible and appropriate predator control undertaken in breeding areas. The impact of hunting should be researched and monitored to ensure bag numbers are sustainable. Bibliography Bartoszewicz, M. and Zalewski, A. 2003. American mink, Mustela vison diet and predation on waterfowl in the Slonsk Reserve, western Poland. Folia Zoologica 52(3): 225-238. Bregnballe, T., Noer, H., Christensen, T.K., Clausen, P., Asferg, T., Fox, A.D. and Delany, S. 2006. Sustainable hunting of migratory waterbirds: the Danish approach. In: Boere, G.; Galbraith, C. and Stroud, D. (ed.), Waterbirds around the world, pp. 854-860. The Stationary Office, Edinburgh, UK. Brown, L.H., Urban, E.K. and
Recommended publications
  • Foraging Flight Distances of Wintering Ducks and Geese: a Review

    Foraging Flight Distances of Wintering Ducks and Geese: a Review

    VOLUME 9, ISSUE 2, ARTICLE 2 Johnson, W. P., P. M. Schmidt, and D. P. Taylor. 2014. Foraging flight distances of wintering ducks and geese: a review. Avian Conservation and Ecology 9(2): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ACE-00683-090202 Copyright © 2014 by the author(s). Published here under license by the Resilience Alliance. Research Paper Foraging flight distances of wintering ducks and geese: a review William P. Johnson 1, Paige M. Schmidt 1 and Dustin P. Taylor 2 1U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Refuge System, Division of Biological Sciences, 2U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Sequoyah National Wildlife Refuge ABSTRACT. The distance covered by foraging animals, especially those that radiate from a central area when foraging, may affect ecosystem, community, and population dynamics, and has conservation and landscape planning implications for multiple taxa, including migratory waterfowl. Migrating and wintering waterfowl make regular foraging flights between roosting and feeding areas that can greatly impact energetic resources within the foraging zone near roost sites. We reviewed published studies and gray literature for one- way foraging flight distances (FFDs) of migrating and wintering dabbling ducks and geese. Thirty reviewed studies reported FFDs and several reported values for multiple species or locations. We obtained FFD values for migration (n = 7) and winter (n = 70). We evaluated the effects of body mass, guild, i.e., dabbling duck or goose, and location, i.e., Nearctic or Palearctic, on FFDs. We used the second-order Akaike’s Information Criterion for model selection. We found support for effects of location and guild on FFDs.
  • Northern Shoveler Anas Clypeata

    Northern Shoveler Anas Clypeata

    Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata Folk Name: Spoonbill, Broad-bill, Spoon Bill Teal Status: Migrant, Winter Resident/Visitor Abundance: Uncommon Habitat: Lakes, ponds Take one good look at a Northern Shoveler and you will quickly realize how it acquired its various common names. Its large, conspicuous, spoon-shaped bill is unlike the bill of any other duck in the Carolinas. When viewed from above, the bill appears a bit like a shoe horn, narrow at the base and flaring out widely towards its rounded end, which can be a tad wider than the duck’s head. The shoveler is a heavy-bodied dabbling duck related to our teal ducks, but at 19 inches long, it is 3 ½ inches bigger reported one at Cowan’s Ford Wildlife Refuge on the than the Blue-winged and 5 inches bigger than the Green- very early date of 7 August in 1988, and one was reported winged Teal. Like our other dabbling ducks, it prefers lingering in Charlotte on April 28, 2012. Usually fewer shallow waters for foraging but any size pond will do. than 10 birds are seen at a time; however, an impressive In 1909, T. G. Pearson shared this assessment of the total of 948 was counted at Pee Dee NWR on January 2, Northern Shoveler with readers of the Greensboro Daily 2010. Historically, this duck was more common in the News: region during migration, but many mid-winter reports have been received since the turn of the twenty-first The male shoveler is a striking bird and the green century. of his head often leads the hasty observer at a Mary Akers, a 12-year-old bird watcher in Charlotte, distance to believe that he is looking at a mallard, shared this story of a weekend encounter with a “Spoon the similarity also being heightened in part by the Bill Teal,” in 1940: large size of the bird.
  • Waterfowl in Iowa, Overview

    Waterfowl in Iowa, Overview

    STATE OF IOWA 1977 WATERFOWL IN IOWA By JACK W MUSGROVE Director DIVISION OF MUSEUM AND ARCHIVES STATE HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT and MARY R MUSGROVE Illustrated by MAYNARD F REECE Printed for STATE CONSERVATION COMMISSION DES MOINES, IOWA Copyright 1943 Copyright 1947 Copyright 1953 Copyright 1961 Copyright 1977 Published by the STATE OF IOWA Des Moines Fifth Edition FOREWORD Since the origin of man the migratory flight of waterfowl has fired his imagination. Undoubtedly the hungry caveman, as he watched wave after wave of ducks and geese pass overhead, felt a thrill, and his dull brain questioned, “Whither and why?” The same age - old attraction each spring and fall turns thousands of faces skyward when flocks of Canada geese fly over. In historic times Iowa was the nesting ground of countless flocks of ducks, geese, and swans. Much of the marshland that was their home has been tiled and has disappeared under the corn planter. However, this state is still the summer home of many species, and restoration of various areas is annually increasing the number. Iowa is more important as a cafeteria for the ducks on their semiannual flights than as a nesting ground, and multitudes of them stop in this state to feed and grow fat on waste grain. The interest in waterfowl may be observed each spring during the blue and snow goose flight along the Missouri River, where thousands of spectators gather to watch the flight. There are many bird study clubs in the state with large memberships, as well as hundreds of unaffiliated ornithologists who spend much of their leisure time observing birds.
  • 13.3.3. Aquatic Invertebrates Important for Waterfowl Production

    13.3.3. Aquatic Invertebrates Important for Waterfowl Production

    WATERFOWL MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK 13.3.3. Aquatic Invertebrates Important for Waterfowl Production Jan Eldridge that wetland. For example, invertebrates such as Bell Museum of Natural History leeches, earthworms, zooplankton, amphipods, University of Minnesota isopods, and gastropods are dependent on passive Minneapolis, MN 55455 dispersal (they can’t leave the wetland under their own power). As a result, they have elaborate mecha- Aquatic invertebrates play a critical role in the nisms to deal with drought and freezing. A second diet of female ducks during the breeding season. group that includes some beetles and most midges Most waterfowl hens shift from a winter diet of can withstand drought and freezing but requires seeds and plant material to a spring diet of mainly water to lay eggs in spring. A third group that in- invertebrates. The purpose of this chapter is to give cludes dragonflies, mosquitoes, and phantom managers a quick reference to the important inver- midges lays eggs in the moist mud of drying wet- tebrate groups that prairie-nesting ducks consume. lands during summer. A fourth group that includes Waterfowl species depend differentially on the most aquatic bugs and some beetles cannot cope various groups of invertebrates present in prairie with drying and freezing, so,they leave shallow wet- wetlands, but a few generalizations are possible. lands to overwinter in larger bodies of water. Man- agers can use the presence of these invertebrates to Snails, crustaceans, and insects are important inver- determine the effectiveness of water management tebrate groups for reproducing ducks (Table). Most regimes designed for waterfowl production. species of laying hens rely on calcium from snail The following descriptions of invertebrate natu- shells for egg production.
  • CP Bird Collection

    CP Bird Collection

    Lab Practical 1: Anseriformes - Caprimulgiformes # = Male and Female * = Specimen out only once Phalacrocoracidae Laridae Anseriformes Brandt's Cormorant * Black Skimmer Anatidae American Wigeon Double-crested Cormorant Bonaparte's Gull California Gull Bufflehead Ciconiiformes Forster's Tern Canvasback Ardeidae Heermann's Gull Cinnamon Teal Black-crowned Night-Heron Ring-billed Gull Common Goldeneye Cattle Egret Royal Tern Fulvous Whistling-Duck Great Blue Heron Gadwall Great Egret Western Gull Green-winged Teal Green Heron Alcidae Common Murre Lesser Scaup Least Bittern Mallard Snowy Egret Columbiformes Columbidae Northern Pintail Falconiformes Band-tailed Pigeon Northern Shoveler Accipitridae Mourning Dove Redhead Cooper's Hawk Rock Pigeon # Ruddy Duck * Golden Eagle Snow Goose Red-shouldered Hawk Cuculiformes # Surf Scoter Red-tailed Hawk Cuculidae Greater Roadrunner Galliformes Sharp-shinned Hawk Phasianidae White-tailed Kite Strigiformes # Ring-necked Pheasant Cathartidae Tytonidae Odontophoridae Turkey Vulture Barn Owl California Quail Falconidae Strigidae Gambel's Quail # American Kestrel Burrowing Owl Mountain Quail Prairie Falcon Great Horned Owl Western Screech-Owl Gaviiformes Gruiformes Gaviidae Rallidae Caprimulgiformes Common Loon American Coot Caprimulgidae Clapper Rail Common Nighthawk Podicipediformes Common Gallinule Podicipedidae Common Poorwill Virginia Rail Clark's Grebe Eared Grebe Charadriiformes Pied-billed Grebe Charadriidae Western Grebe Black-bellied Plover Killdeer Procellariiformes Recurvirostridae Procellariidae American Avocet Northern Fulmar Black-necked Stilt Pelecaniformes Scolopacidae Pelecanidae Greater Yellowlegs * American White Pelican Long-billed Dowitcher * Brown Pelican Marbled Godwit Western Sandpiper ZOO 329L Ornithology Lab – Topography – Lab Practical 1 BILL (BEAK) Culmen the ridge on top of the upper mandible. It extends from the tip of the bill to where the feathers begin. Gonys ridge of the lower mandible, analogous to the culmen on the upper mandible.
  • Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Anatini (Surface-Feeding Ducks)

    Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Anatini (Surface-Feeding Ducks)

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior, by Paul Johnsgard Papers in the Biological Sciences January 1965 Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Anatini (Surface-feeding Ducks) Paul A. Johnsgard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscihandwaterfowl Part of the Ornithology Commons Johnsgard, Paul A., "Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior: Tribe Anatini (Surface-feeding Ducks)" (1965). Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior, by Paul Johnsgard. 16. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/bioscihandwaterfowl/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior, by Paul Johnsgard by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Subfamily Anatinae 125 Aix. During extreme excitement the male will often roll his head on his back, or even bathe. I have not observed Preening-behind-the- wing, but W. von de Wall (pers. comm.) has observed a male per- form it toward a female. Finally, Wing-flapping appears to be used as a display by males, and it is especially conspicuous because each sequence of it is ended by a rapid stretching of both wings over the back in a posture that makes visible the white axillary feathers, which contrast sharply with the black underwing surface. Copulatory behavior. Precopulatory behavior consists of the male swimming up to the female, his neck stretched and his crest de- pressed, and making occasional Bill-dipping movements. He then suddenly begins to perform more vigorous Head-dipping movements, and the female, if receptive, performs similar Bill-dipping or Head- dipping movements.
  • Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A

    Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard Papers in the Biological Sciences 2010 Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World: Index Paul A. Johnsgard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciducksgeeseswans Part of the Ornithology Commons Johnsgard, Paul A., "Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World: Index" (2010). Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard. 19. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosciducksgeeseswans/19 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World by Paul A. Johnsgard by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Index The following index is limited to the species of Anatidae; species of other bird families are not indexed, nor are subspecies included. However, vernacular names applied to certain subspecies that sometimes are considered full species are included, as are some generic names that are not utilized in this book but which are still sometimes applied to par­ ticular species or species groups. Complete indexing is limited to the entries that correspond to the vernacular names utilized in this book; in these cases the primary species account is indicated in italics. Other vernacular or scientific names are indexed to the section of the principal account only. Abyssinian blue-winged goose. See atratus, Cygnus, 31 Bernier teal. See Madagascan teal blue-winged goose atricapilla, Heteronetta, 365 bewickii, Cygnus, 44 acuta, Anas, 233 aucklandica, Anas, 214 Bewick swan, 38, 43, 44-47; PI.
  • A Molecular Phylogeny of Anseriformes Based on Mitochondrial DNA Analysis

    A Molecular Phylogeny of Anseriformes Based on Mitochondrial DNA Analysis

    MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23 (2002) 339–356 www.academicpress.com A molecular phylogeny of anseriformes based on mitochondrial DNA analysis Carole Donne-Goussee,a Vincent Laudet,b and Catherine Haanni€ a,* a CNRS UMR 5534, Centre de Genetique Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 16 rue Raphael Dubois, Ba^t. Mendel, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France b CNRS UMR 5665, Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, 45 Allee d’Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France Received 5 June 2001; received in revised form 4 December 2001 Abstract To study the phylogenetic relationships among Anseriformes, sequences for the complete mitochondrial control region (CR) were determined from 45 waterfowl representing 24 genera, i.e., half of the existing genera. To confirm the results based on CR analysis we also analyzed representative species based on two mitochondrial protein-coding genes, cytochrome b (cytb) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2). These data allowed us to construct a robust phylogeny of the Anseriformes and to compare it with existing phylogenies based on morphological or molecular data. Chauna and Dendrocygna were identified as early offshoots of the Anseriformes. All the remaining taxa fell into two clades that correspond to the two subfamilies Anatinae and Anserinae. Within Anserinae Branta and Anser cluster together, whereas Coscoroba, Cygnus, and Cereopsis form a relatively weak clade with Cygnus diverging first. Five clades are clearly recognizable among Anatinae: (i) the Anatini with Anas and Lophonetta; (ii) the Aythyini with Aythya and Netta; (iii) the Cairinini with Cairina and Aix; (iv) the Mergini with Mergus, Bucephala, Melanitta, Callonetta, So- materia, and Clangula, and (v) the Tadornini with Tadorna, Chloephaga, and Alopochen.
  • Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (And 113 Non-Species Taxa) in Accordance with the 62Nd AOU Supplement (2021), Sorted Taxonomically

    Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (And 113 Non-Species Taxa) in Accordance with the 62Nd AOU Supplement (2021), Sorted Taxonomically

    Four-letter (English Name) and Six-letter (Scientific Name) Alpha Codes for 2168 Bird Species (and 113 Non-Species Taxa) in accordance with the 62nd AOU Supplement (2021), sorted taxonomically Prepared by Peter Pyle and David F. DeSante The Institute for Bird Populations www.birdpop.org ENGLISH NAME 4-LETTER CODE SCIENTIFIC NAME 6-LETTER CODE Highland Tinamou HITI Nothocercus bonapartei NOTBON Great Tinamou GRTI Tinamus major TINMAJ Little Tinamou LITI Crypturellus soui CRYSOU Thicket Tinamou THTI Crypturellus cinnamomeus CRYCIN Slaty-breasted Tinamou SBTI Crypturellus boucardi CRYBOU Choco Tinamou CHTI Crypturellus kerriae CRYKER White-faced Whistling-Duck WFWD Dendrocygna viduata DENVID Black-bellied Whistling-Duck BBWD Dendrocygna autumnalis DENAUT West Indian Whistling-Duck WIWD Dendrocygna arborea DENARB Fulvous Whistling-Duck FUWD Dendrocygna bicolor DENBIC Emperor Goose EMGO Anser canagicus ANSCAN Snow Goose SNGO Anser caerulescens ANSCAE + Lesser Snow Goose White-morph LSGW Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Intermediate-morph LSGI Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Lesser Snow Goose Blue-morph LSGB Anser caerulescens caerulescens ANSCCA + Greater Snow Goose White-morph GSGW Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Intermediate-morph GSGI Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Greater Snow Goose Blue-morph GSGB Anser caerulescens atlantica ANSCAT + Snow X Ross's Goose Hybrid SRGH Anser caerulescens x rossii ANSCAR + Snow/Ross's Goose SRGO Anser caerulescens/rossii ANSCRO Ross's Goose
  • 2020 North Carolina Ornithology List

    2020 North Carolina Ornithology List

    2020 North Carolina Ornithology List Kingdom – ANIMALIA Phylum – CHORDATA Key: Sub Phylum – VERTEBRATA Regional level (62 in total) Class – AVES Addition for State level (110 in total) Family Grou p (Family Name) Addition for National level (160 in total) Common Name [Scientific name is in italics] ORDER: Anseriformes Ibises and Spoonbills ORDER: Charadriiformes Ducks, Geese, and Swans (Anatidae) (Threskiornithidae) Lapwings and Plovers (Charadriidae) Northern Shoveler Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja American Golden-Plover Green-winged Teal Killdeer Charadrius vociferus Canvasback ORDER: Suliformes Oystercatchers (Haematopodidae) Hooded Merganser Cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae) American Oystercatcher Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Double-crested Cormorant Stilts and Avocets (Recurvirostridae) Snow Goose Chen caerulescens Phalacrocorax auritus Black-necked Stilt Canada Goose Branta canadensis Darters (Anhingidae) American Avocet Recurvirostra Trumpeter Swan Anhinga Anhinga anhinga americana Wood Duck Aix sponsa Frigatebirds (Fregatidae) Sandpipers, Phalaropes, and Allies Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Magnificent Frigatebird (Scolopacidae) Cinnamon Teal Anas cyanoptera American Woodcock Scolopax minor ORDER: Ciconiiformes Spotted Sandpiper ORDER: Galliformes Deep-water Waders (Ciconiidae) Ruddy Turnstone Partridges, Grouse, Turkeys, and Old Wood stork Dunlin Calidris alpina World Quail Wilson’s Snipe (Phasianidae ) ORDER: Falconiformes Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers Ring-necked Pheasant Caracaras and Falcons (Falconidae) (Laridae) Ruffed Grouse
  • 2020 National Bird List

    2020 National Bird List

    2020 NATIONAL BIRD LIST See General Rules, Eye Protection & other Policies on www.soinc.org as they apply to every event. Kingdom – ANIMALIA Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias ORDER: Charadriiformes Phylum – CHORDATA Snowy Egret Egretta thula Lapwings and Plovers (Charadriidae) Green Heron American Golden-Plover Subphylum – VERTEBRATA Black-crowned Night-heron Killdeer Charadrius vociferus Class - AVES Ibises and Spoonbills Oystercatchers (Haematopodidae) Family Group (Family Name) (Threskiornithidae) American Oystercatcher Common Name [Scientifc name Roseate Spoonbill Platalea ajaja Stilts and Avocets (Recurvirostridae) is in italics] Black-necked Stilt ORDER: Anseriformes ORDER: Suliformes American Avocet Recurvirostra Ducks, Geese, and Swans (Anatidae) Cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae) americana Black-bellied Whistling-duck Double-crested Cormorant Sandpipers, Phalaropes, and Allies Snow Goose Phalacrocorax auritus (Scolopacidae) Canada Goose Branta canadensis Darters (Anhingidae) Spotted Sandpiper Trumpeter Swan Anhinga Anhinga anhinga Ruddy Turnstone Wood Duck Aix sponsa Frigatebirds (Fregatidae) Dunlin Calidris alpina Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Magnifcent Frigatebird Wilson’s Snipe Northern Shoveler American Woodcock Scolopax minor Green-winged Teal ORDER: Ciconiiformes Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers (Laridae) Canvasback Deep-water Waders (Ciconiidae) Laughing Gull Hooded Merganser Wood Stork Ring-billed Gull Herring Gull Larus argentatus ORDER: Galliformes ORDER: Falconiformes Least Tern Sternula antillarum Partridges, Grouse, Turkeys, and
  • Molts and Plumages of Ducks (Anatinae) Author(S): Peter Pyle Source: Waterbirds, 28(2):208-219

    Molts and Plumages of Ducks (Anatinae) Author(S): Peter Pyle Source: Waterbirds, 28(2):208-219

    Molts and Plumages of Ducks (Anatinae) Author(s): Peter Pyle Source: Waterbirds, 28(2):208-219. 2005. Published By: The Waterbird Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2005)028[0208:MAPODA]2.0.CO;2 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/ full/10.1675/1524-4695%282005%29028%5B0208%3AMAPODA%5D2.0.CO %3B2 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/ page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non- commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Molts and Plumages of Ducks (Anatinae) PETER PYLE The Institute for Bird Populations, P.O. Box 1436, Point Reyes Station, CA 94956, USA Internet: [email protected] Abstract.—Ducks are unusual in that males of many species acquire brightly pigmented plumages in autumn rather than in spring. This has led to confusion in defining molts and plumages, using both traditional European terminology and that proposed by Humphrey and Parkes (1959).