Dive Distribution and Group Size Parameters for Marine Species Occurring in the U.S
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A new marine vertebrate assemblage from the Late Neogene Purisima Formation in Central California, part II: Pinnipeds and Cetaceans Robert W. BOESSENECKER Department of Geology, University of Otago, 360 Leith Walk, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 (New Zealand) and Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University 200 Traphagen Hall, Bozeman, MT, 59715 (USA) and University of California Museum of Paleontology 1101 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720 (USA) [email protected] Boessenecker R. W. 2013. — A new marine vertebrate assemblage from the Late Neogene Purisima Formation in Central California, part II: Pinnipeds and Cetaceans. Geodiversitas 35 (4): 815-940. http://dx.doi.org/g2013n4a5 ABSTRACT e newly discovered Upper Miocene to Upper Pliocene San Gregorio assem- blage of the Purisima Formation in Central California has yielded a diverse collection of 34 marine vertebrate taxa, including eight sharks, two bony fish, three marine birds (described in a previous study), and 21 marine mammals. Pinnipeds include the walrus Dusignathus sp., cf. D. seftoni, the fur seal Cal- lorhinus sp., cf. C. gilmorei, and indeterminate otariid bones. Baleen whales include dwarf mysticetes (Herpetocetus bramblei Whitmore & Barnes, 2008, Herpetocetus sp.), two right whales (cf. Eubalaena sp. 1, cf. Eubalaena sp. 2), at least three balaenopterids (“Balaenoptera” cortesi “var.” portisi Sacco, 1890, cf. Balaenoptera, Balaenopteridae gen. et sp. indet.) and a new species of rorqual (Balaenoptera bertae n. sp.) that exhibits a number of derived features that place it within the genus Balaenoptera. is new species of Balaenoptera is relatively small (estimated 61 cm bizygomatic width) and exhibits a comparatively nar- row vertex, an obliquely (but precipitously) sloping frontal adjacent to vertex, anteriorly directed and short zygomatic processes, and squamosal creases. -
Marine Mammal Conservation from Local to Global
MARINE MAMMAL CONSERVATION FROM LOCAL TO GLOBAL 29TH CONFERENCE OF THE EUROPEAN CETACEAN SOCIETY 23rd to 25th March, 2015 Intercontinental Hotel, St Julian’s Bay, MALTA USEFUL INFORMATION VENUE – INTERCONTIMENTAL MALTA HOTEL, ST JULIANS Conference Hall, Cettina De Cesare (CDC), is in hotel. Paranga Beach Club is on the water edge in St George’s Bay. 29th ECS Conference, Malta i USEFUL INFORMATION CONTACT NUMBERS Direct Dialling Code for Malta: +356 International Code (to make an overseas call): 00 Emergency number: 112 Police: 21 22 40 01 … 21 22 40 07 Mater-Dei Hospital (Malta): 25 45 00 00 Malta International Airport (General Inquiries): 21 24 96 00 Malta International Airport (Flight Information): 52 30 20 00 (each call: € 1.00) Passport Office: 21 22 22 86 WEBSITES Malta International Airport (note one ‘a’ between Malta and Airport!) Malta’s weather www.maltairport.com/weather Arrivals www.maltairport.com/arrivals Departures www.maltairport.com/departures Activities in Malta www.visitmalta.com 29th ECS Conference, Malta ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS HOSTED BY The Biological Conservation Research Foundation (BICREF) The NGO BICREF was set-up in 1998 to promote conservation research and awareness in Malta. For this purpose it welcomes Internships in Malta; the next call starts immediately after the ECS conference 2015 and to last till the end of summer 2015. Options for taking up courses or training in marine conservation biology, cetacean and fisheries research are also possible. Dr. Adriana Vella, Ph.D (Cantab.), founder of BICREF, is a conservation biologist with experience in mammal and marine conservation research at local and regional level. -
THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity Authors: Naomi A
s l a m m a y t T i M S N v I i A e G t A n i p E S r a A C a C E H n T M i THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity The Humane Society of the United State s/ World Society for the Protection of Animals 2009 1 1 1 2 0 A M , n o t s o g B r o . 1 a 0 s 2 u - e a t i p s u S w , t e e r t S h t u o S 9 8 THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity Authors: Naomi A. Rose, E.C.M. Parsons, and Richard Farinato, 4th edition Editors: Naomi A. Rose and Debra Firmani, 4th edition ©2009 The Humane Society of the United States and the World Society for the Protection of Animals. All rights reserved. ©2008 The HSUS. All rights reserved. Printed on recycled paper, acid free and elemental chlorine free, with soy-based ink. Cover: ©iStockphoto.com/Ying Ying Wong Overview n the debate over marine mammals in captivity, the of the natural environment. The truth is that marine mammals have evolved physically and behaviorally to survive these rigors. public display industry maintains that marine mammal For example, nearly every kind of marine mammal, from sea lion Iexhibits serve a valuable conservation function, people to dolphin, travels large distances daily in a search for food. In learn important information from seeing live animals, and captivity, natural feeding and foraging patterns are completely lost. -
Cetacean Fact Sheets for 1St Grade
Whale & Dolphin fact sheets Page CFS-1 Cetacean Fact Sheets Photo/Image sources: Whale illustrations by Garth Mix were provided by NOAA Fisheries. Thanks to Jonathan Shannon (NOAA Fisheries) for providing several photographs for these fact sheets. Beluga: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beluga03.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Beluga_size.svg Blue whale: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Blue_Whale_001_noaa_body_color.jpg; Humpback whale: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/images/cetaceans/humpbackwhale_noaa_large.jpg Orca: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/killerwhale_photos.htm North Atlantic right whale: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/images/cetaceans/narw_flfwc-noaa.jpg Narwhal: http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2010/images/narwhal_pod_hires.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Narwhal_size.svg Pygmy sperm whale: http://swfsc.noaa.gov/textblock.aspx?ParentMenuId=230&id=1428 Minke whale: http://www.birds.cornell.edu/brp/images2/MinkeWhale_NOAA.jpg/view Gray whale: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Gray_whale_size.svg Dall’s porpoise: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dall%27s_porpoise_size.svg Harbor porpoise: http://www.nero.noaa.gov/protected/porptrp/ Sei whale: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sei_whale_size.svg/500px- Sei_whale_size.svg.png Whale & Dolphin fact sheets Page CFS-2 Beluga Whale (buh-LOO-guh) Photo by Greg Hume FUN FACTS Belugas live in cold water. They swim under ice. They are called white whales. They are the only whales that can move their necks. They can move their heads up and down and side to side. Whale & Dolphin fact sheets Page CFS-3 Baby belugas are gray. -
213 Subpart I—Taking and Importing Marine Mammals
National Marine Fisheries Service/NOAA, Commerce Pt. 218 regulations or that result in no more PART 218—REGULATIONS GOV- than a minor change in the total esti- ERNING THE TAKING AND IM- mated number of takes (or distribution PORTING OF MARINE MAM- by species or years), NMFS may pub- lish a notice of proposed LOA in the MALS FEDERAL REGISTER, including the asso- ciated analysis of the change, and so- Subparts A–B [Reserved] licit public comment before issuing the Subpart C—Taking Marine Mammals Inci- LOA. dental to U.S. Navy Marine Structure (c) A LOA issued under § 216.106 of Maintenance and Pile Replacement in this chapter and § 217.256 for the activ- Washington ity identified in § 217.250 may be modi- fied by NMFS under the following cir- 218.20 Specified activity and specified geo- cumstances: graphical region. (1) Adaptive Management—NMFS 218.21 Effective dates. may modify (including augment) the 218.22 Permissible methods of taking. existing mitigation, monitoring, or re- 218.23 Prohibitions. porting measures (after consulting 218.24 Mitigation requirements. with Navy regarding the practicability 218.25 Requirements for monitoring and re- porting. of the modifications) if doing so cre- 218.26 Letters of Authorization. ates a reasonable likelihood of more ef- 218.27 Renewals and modifications of Let- fectively accomplishing the goals of ters of Authorization. the mitigation and monitoring set 218.28–218.29 [Reserved] forth in the preamble for these regula- tions. Subpart D—Taking Marine Mammals Inci- (i) Possible sources of data that could dental to U.S. Navy Construction Ac- contribute to the decision to modify tivities at Naval Weapons Station Seal the mitigation, monitoring, or report- Beach, California ing measures in a LOA: (A) Results from Navy’s monitoring 218.30 Specified activity and specified geo- graphical region. -
Extrapolating Cetacean Densities Beyond Surveyed Regions: Habitat
Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2015) 42, 1267–1280 ORIGINAL Extrapolating cetacean densities beyond ARTICLE surveyed regions: habitat-based predictions in the circumtropical belt Laura Mannocci1*, Pascal Monestiez1,2,Jerome^ Spitz3,4 and Vincent Ridoux1,3 1Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chize et La ABSTRACT Rochelle, UMR 7372 Universite de La Aim Our knowledge of cetacean distributions is impeded by large data-gaps Rochelle-CNRS, La Rochelle F-17000, France, 2 worldwide, particularly at tropical latitudes. This study aims to (1) find generic INRA, UR0546, Unite Biostatistiques et Processus Spatiaux, Domaine Saint-Paul relationships between cetaceans and their habitats in a range of tropical waters, 84914, Avignon, France, 3Observatoire and (2) extrapolate cetacean densities in a circumtropical belt extending far PELAGIS, UMS 3462 Universite de La beyond surveyed regions. Rochelle-CNRS, Systemes d’Observation pour Location Pelagic, circumtropical. la Conservation des Mammiferes et des Oiseaux Marins, La Rochelle 17000, France, Methods Aerial surveys were conducted over three regions in the tropical 2 2 2 4Marine Mammal Research Unit, Fisheries Atlantic (132,000 km ), Indian (1.4 million km ) and Pacific (1.4 million km ) Center, University of British Columbia, oceans. Three cetacean guilds were studied (Delphininae, Globicephalinae and Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, sperm and beaked whales). For each guild, a generalized additive model was Canada fitted using sightings recorded in all three regions and 14 candidate environ- mental predictors. Cetacean densities were tentatively extrapolated over a cir- cumtropical belt, excluding waters where environmental characteristics departed from those encountered in the surveyed regions. Results Each cetacean guild exhibited a relationship with the primary produc- tion and depth of the minimum dissolved oxygen concentration. -
FC Inshore Cetacean Species Identification
Falklands Conservation PO BOX 26, Falkland Islands, FIQQ 1ZZ +500 22247 [email protected] www.falklandsconservation.com FC Inshore Cetacean Species Identification Introduction This guide outlines the key features that can be used to distinguish between the six most common cetacean species that inhabit Falklands' waters. A number of additional cetacean species may occasionally be seen in coastal waters, for example the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) and the dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus). A full list of the species that have been documented to date around the Falklands can be found in Appendix 1. Note that many of these are typical of deeper, oceanic waters, and are unlikely to be encountered along the coast. The six species (or seven species, including two species of minke whale) described in this document are observed regularly in shallow, nearshore waters, and are the focus of this identification guide. Questions and further information For any questions about species identification then please contact the Cetaceans Project Officer Caroline Weir who will be happy to help you try and identify your sighting: Tel: 22247 Email: [email protected] Useful identification guides If you wish to learn more about the identification features of various species, some comprehensive field guides (which include all cetacean species globally) include: Handbook of Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises by Mark Carwardine. 2019. Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification by Thomas A. Jefferson, Marc A. Webber, and Robert L. Pitman. 2015. Whales, Dolphins and Seals: A Field Guide to the Marine Mammals of the World by Hadoram Shirihai and Brett Jarrett. -
False Killer Whale Fact Sheet
False Killer whale (pseudorca crassidens) Adult length: Up to 6m (male)/5m (female) Distribution: coastal and primarily offshore waters in tropical and temperate regions (see map below and Adult weight: up to 2,000kg (m) full list of countries in the detailed species account online at: https://wwhandbook.iwc.int/en/species/false- Newborn: 1.6-1.9m /Unknown killer-whale Dark grey/black body Prominent dorsal fin is Threats: entanglement, contaminants colour with only a faintly usually curved and slightly Habitat: offshore Long, slender head tapers darker cape (variable) rounded at the tip to rounded snout with no Diet: squid, fish pronounced beak Body may be scarred IUCN Conservation status: Data deficient Flukes are small in relation to body size False killer whales can eat Head hangs over large prey species like this mouth Ono/Wahoo. photo courtesy of Daniel Webster, Cascadia Reserach Lighter grey anchor or Long strongly curved flipper Long, slender body “W” shaped patch on with a pronounced corner or chest between the flippers bend giving the flipper an ‘S’ (variable) shape – unique to this species This photo illustrates the Fun Facts bullet-shaped head and typically ‘S’ shaped flip- pers that help observers False killer whales are so named because the to distinguish false killer shape of their skulls, not their external appear- ance, is similar to that of killer whales. whales from pilot whales. Photo courtesy of Paula Like killer whales and sperm whales, false killer Olson/SEFSC/NOAA. whales form stable family groups, and females who no longer produce calves themselves probably help to look after the young of other females False killer whales participate in prey-sharing; a behaviour thought to reinforce social bonds False Killer whale distribution. -
Pseudorca Crassidens) and Nine Other Odontocete Species from Hawai‘I
Ecotoxicology DOI 10.1007/s10646-014-1300-0 Cytochrome P4501A1 expression in blubber biopsies of endangered false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) and nine other odontocete species from Hawai‘i Kerry M. Foltz • Robin W. Baird • Gina M. Ylitalo • Brenda A. Jensen Accepted: 2 August 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract Odontocetes (toothed whales) are considered insular false killer whale. Significantly higher levels of sentinel species in the marine environment because of their CYP1A1 were observed in false killer whales and rough- high trophic position, long life spans, and blubber that toothed dolphins compared to melon-headed whales, and in accumulates lipophilic contaminants. Cytochrome general, trophic position appears to influence CYP1A1 P4501A1 (CYP1A1) is a biomarker of exposure and expression patterns in particular species groups. No sig- molecular effects of certain persistent organic pollutants. nificant differences in CYP1A1 were found based on age Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize CYP1A1 class or sex across all samples. However, within male false expression in blubber biopsies collected by non-lethal killer whales, juveniles expressed significantly higher lev- sampling methods from 10 species of free-ranging els of CYP1A1 whenP compared to adults. Total polychlo- Hawaiian odontocetes: short-finned pilot whale, melon- rinated biphenyl ( PCBs) concentrations in 84 % of false headed whale, pygmy killer whale, common bottlenose killer whalesP exceeded proposed threshold levels for health dolphin, rough-toothed dolphin, pantropical spotted dol- effects, and PCBs correlated with CYP1A1 expression. phin, Blainville’s beaked whale, Cuvier’s beaked whale, There was no significant relationship between PCB toxic sperm whale, and endangered main Hawaiian Islands equivalent quotient and CYP1A1 expression, suggesting that this response may be influenced by agonists other than the dioxin-like PCBs measured in this study. -
False Killer Whale Dorsal Fin Disfigurements As A
False Killer Whale Dorsal Fin Disfigurements as a Possible Indicator of Long-Line Fishery Interactions in Hawaiian Waters1 Robin W. Baird 2 and Antoinette M. Gorgone3 Abstract: Scarring resulting from entanglement in fishing gear can be used to examine cetacean fishery interactions. False killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) are known to interact with the Hawai‘i-based tuna and swordfish long-line fish- ery in offshore Hawaiian waters. We examined the rate of major dorsal fin dis- figurements of false killer whales from nearshore waters around the main Hawaiian Islands to assess the likelihood that individuals around the main is- lands are part of the same population that interacts with the fishery. False killer whales were encountered on 11 occasions between 2000 and 2004, and 80 dis- tinctive individuals were photographically documented. Three of these (3.75%) had major dorsal fin disfigurements (two with the fins completely bent over and one missing the fin). Information from other research suggests that the rate of such disfigurements for our study population may be more than four times greater than for other odontocete populations. We suggest that the most likely cause of such disfigurements is interactions with longlines and that false killer whales found in nearshore waters around the main Hawaiian Islands are part of the same population that interacts with the fishery. Two of the animals docu- mented with disfigurements had infants in close attendance and were thought to be adult females. This implies that even with such injuries, at least some fe- males may be able to produce offspring, despite the importance of the dorsal fin in reproductive thermoregulation. -
The Forgotten Whale: a Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review of the North Atlantic Sei Whale Balaenoptera Borealis
The forgotten whale: a bibliometric analysis and literature review of the North Atlantic sei whale Balaenoptera borealis Rui PRIETO* Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas da Universidade dos Açores & Centro do IMAR da Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] *Correspondence author. David JANIGER Natural History Museum, Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90007, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Mónica A. SILVA Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas da Universidade dos Açores & Centro do IMAR da Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal, and Biology Department, MS#33, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Gordon T. WARING NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543-1026, USA. E-mail: [email protected] João M. GONÇALVES Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas da Universidade dos Açores & Centro do IMAR da Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT 1. A bibliometric analysis of the literature on the sei whale Balaenoptera borealis is presented. Research output on the species is quantified and compared with research on four other whale species. The results show a significant increase in research for all species except the sei whale. Research output is characterized chronologically and by oceanic basin. 2. The species’ distribution, movements, stock structure, feeding, reproduction, abundance, acoustics, mortality and threats are reviewed for the North Atlantic, and the review is complemented with previously unpublished data. 3. Knowledge on the distribution and movements of the sei whale in the North Atlantic is still mainly derived from whaling records. -
The Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
THE SCIENTIFIC REPORTS OF THE WHALES RESEARCH INSTITUTE, TOKYO, JAPAN NUMBER I, JUNE 1948 Akiya, S. and Tejima, S. Studies on digestive enzymf" in whale. 3-7 Akiya, S., Ishikawa, Y., Tejima, S. and Tanzawa, T. Studies on tryptas!" from a whale (Balaenoptera borealis L. ). 8-10 Akiya, S., Tejima, S. and Ishikawa, Y. Studit>s on the utilization of whale m<'at by the use of pan creatic tryptase of whales. 11-14 Akiya, S. and Kobo, F. The test culture of some microorganisms with whale meat peptone. 15-16 Nakai, T. Chemical studies on the freshness of whale meat. I. Evaluation of freshness and changes in quantity of several kinds of nitrogen in whale meat following deterioration of freshness. 17-26 Nakai, T. Chemical studies on the freshness of whale meat. II. On comparison between whale meat and beef on deterioration of freshnf"SS and autolysis. 27-30 Tawara, T. On the simultaneous extraction of vitamin A-D and vitamin B2 complex from the liver of a fin whale (Nagasu-Kujira, Balaenoptera physalus L.). 31-37 Tawara, T. Studies on whale blood. I. On the separation of histidine from whal<' blood. 38-40 Nakai, J. and Shida, T. Sinus-hairs of the sei-whale (Balaenoptera borealis). 41-47 NUMBER 2, DECEMBER 1948 Ogawa, T. and Arifuku, S. On the acoustic system in the cetacean brains. 1-20 Yamada, M. Auditory organ of the whalebone whales. (Preliminary rt>port). 21-30 Nakai, T. Chemical studies on the freshness of whale meat. III. Effect of hydrogen-ion concentration on decrease in freshness and titration curve of whale meat with HCl and Na2C08• 31-34 Ishikawa, S., Omote, Y.