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Kommunenes Samhandling Med Frivillig Sektor www.iris.no Svein Ingve Nødland, Nils Asle Bergsgard, Anett Bjelland og Einar Leknes Kommunenes samhandling med frivillig sektor Rapport IRIS - 2007/047 Prosjektnummer: 7252187 Prosjektets tittel: Kartlegging av kommunenes samhandling med frivillig sektor Oppdragsgiver(e): Kommunal- og regionaldepartementet Forskningsprogram: ISBN: 978-82-490-0517-8 Gradering: Åpen Stavanger, 27.04.2007 (Ståle Opedal) (Svein Ingve Nødland) Kvalitetssikrer Prosjektleder (Gottfried Heinzerling Direktør (Samfunns- og næringsutvikling) © Kopiering er kun tillatt etter avtale med IRIS eller oppdragsgiver. International Research Institute of Stavanger AS (IRIS) er sertifisert etter et kvalitetssystem basert på standard NS - EN ISO 9001 International Research Institute of Stavanger AS www.iris.no International Research Institute of Stavanger AS www.iris.no Forord Denne rapporten er utarbeidet på oppdrag av Kommunal- og regionaldepartementet. Departementet ønsket å se nærmere på kommunenes forhold til ulike typer av frivillig innsats. Rapporten består av to deler, en litteraturstudie med erfaringer fra Skandinavia om forholdet mellom kommunene og frivillig sektor og en kartlegging basert på et nettbasert spørreskjema sendt ut til ca 2700 respondenter i vel 250 kommuner. Hovedtyngden av arbeidet har vært på kartleggingen av hvordan samhandlingen med frivillig sektor er i norske kommuner. Utredningen er gjennomført av IRIS. Forsker Heidi Stavrum ved Telemarksforsking-Bø har gitt viktige grunnlagsbidrag til litteraturstudien. Vi vil med dette takke alle representanter for kommunene som har brukt tid på å svare på spørreskjema. Vi vil videre takke departementet for oppdraget. Stavanger, 27.04.2007 Svein Ingve Nødland, prosjektleder International Research Institute of Stavanger AS www.iris.no International Research Institute of Stavanger AS www.iris.no INNHOLD FORORD..................................................................................................................................................3 1 OPPSUMMERING............................................................................................................................7 1.1 Litteraturgjennomgangen.........................................................................................................7 1.2 Kartlegging av samhandling mellom kommuner og frivillig innsats ......................................8 1.2.1 Kommunenes fokus på frivillig sektor ......................................................................8 1.2.2 Virksomhetenes kontaktmønster med frivillig sektor ...............................................9 1.2.3 Samarbeidsnettverket mellom virksomheter og frivillig innsats..............................9 1.2.4 Initiativ til samarbeid mellom virksomheter og frivillig innsats .............................10 1.2.5 Samarbeidsformer mellom virksomheter og frivillig sektor ...................................10 1.2.6 Kommunenivå – samarbeid med frivillig innsats....................................................11 1.2.7 Kommunenivå – samarbeidsformer til frivillig innsats...........................................12 1.2.8 Økonomiske relasjoner mellom kommunen og frivillig innsats ............................12 1.2.9 Kommunale variasjoner i samarbeid og samarbeidsformer ....................................13 1.3 Overordnede konklusjoner ....................................................................................................14 2 INNLEDNING ................................................................................................................................15 3 RESULTATER FRA LITTERATURSTUDIEN ............................................................................17 3.1 Innledning..............................................................................................................................17 3.2 Frivillig arbeid som løsning, frivillig sektor i endring...........................................................19 3.3 Samarbeidsrelasjoner og -tiltak i Norge, Sverige og Danmark .............................................21 3.3.1 Frivillig innsats i institusjonaliserte samarbeidsformer...........................................21 3.3.2 Prosjekt- og tiltakssamarbeid ..................................................................................23 3.3.3 Meningsutveksling og demokratiutvikling..............................................................26 3.4 Suksesskriterier og utfordringer for samarbeid .....................................................................27 4 PROBLEMSTILLINGER, METODE OG DATAFANGST ..........................................................31 4.1 Problemstillinger ...................................................................................................................31 4.2 Metode og spørsmålsstillinger...............................................................................................32 4.3 Datainnsamling......................................................................................................................34 4.4 Representativitet ....................................................................................................................36 5 GENERELLE TREKK VED KOMMUNENES FORHOLD TIL FRIVILLIG SEKTOR..........................................................................................................................................39 International Research Institute of Stavanger AS www.iris.no 5.1 Frivillighetspolitikkens betydning.........................................................................................39 5.2 Kommunenes interne koordinering av sine relasjoner til frivillig sektor ..............................41 5.3 Virksomheters kontakt og forhold til frivillig sektor.............................................................44 5.4 Oppsummering ......................................................................................................................48 6 VIRKSOMHETENES SAMHANDLING OG SAMARBEID MED FRIVILLIG SEKTOR..........................................................................................................................................49 6.1 Samarbeidsnettverk ...............................................................................................................49 6.1.1 Overordna samarbeidsmønstre ................................................................................49 6.1.2 Mer detaljerte samarbeidsmønstre...........................................................................51 6.2 Samarbeidsinitiativ ................................................................................................................55 6.3 Samarbeidsformer..................................................................................................................58 6.4 Kvalitativ informasjon om samarbeidsformer .......................................................................59 6.5 Oppsummering ......................................................................................................................61 7 VARIASJONER I SAMHANDLINGEN MED FRIVILLIG SEKTOR I FORHOLD TIL KJENNETEGN VED KOMMUNENE................................................................63 7.1 Innledning..............................................................................................................................63 7.2 Samarbeid, samarbeidsformer og økonomiske relasjoner .....................................................63 7.2.1 Kommuners samarbeid med ulike typer frivillig innsats.........................................63 7.2.2 Samarbeidsformer med frivillig innsats ..................................................................65 7.2.3 Økonomiske relasjoner kommune – frivillighet......................................................68 7.3 Kommunevariasjoner etter geografi, størrelse og økonomi...................................................70 7.3.1 Regiontype...............................................................................................................70 7.3.2 Landsdel ..................................................................................................................72 7.4 Kommunestørrelse og kommuneøkonomi.............................................................................73 7.4.1 Kommunestørrelsens betydning ..............................................................................74 7.4.2 Kommunal økonomi................................................................................................75 7.5 Kommunalt frivillighetsfokus................................................................................................76 7.6 Variasjoner i samarbeidsform................................................................................................79 7.7 Oppsummering ......................................................................................................................80 LITTERATUR .......................................................................................................................................83 VEDLEGG A: NÆRMERE OM OPPLEGG FOR KARTLEGGING I KAPITTEL 6.........................89 VEDLEGG B: TABELLER TIL KAPITTEL 7 I RAPPORTEN..........................................................91 VEDLEGGSRAPPORT.........................................................................................................................99 International Research Institute of Stavanger AS www.iris.no 1 Oppsummering Formålet med denne undersøkelsen har vært å framskaffe oversikt og kunnskap om kommunenes forhold
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