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Strategic Environmental Assessment of Defence Activities in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, 2014

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Strategic Environmental Assessment of Defence Activities in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, 2014 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF DEFENCE ACTIVITIES IN THE GREAT BARRIER REEF WORLD HERITAGE AREA, 2014 UPDATE REPORT Prepared for: Directorate of Environmental Protection and Assessments Department of Defence February 2014 DOCUMENT TRACKING ITEM DETAIL Strategic Environmental Assessment of Defence Activities in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Project Name Area, 2014: Update Report PGM Report Number R1402 ELA Project Number 12BRIFED-0007 John Polglaze (PGM) - Technical Manager, Ph. 0417 123 442 Project Managers Dr Ailsa Kerswell (ELA) - Project Manager, Ph. (07) 3503 7193 Prepared by John Polglaze (PGM Environment) and Colin Trinder, Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd (ELA) Approved by John Polglaze (PGM) / Andrew Morison (ELA) Status Final Version Number 0 Date 25 February 2014 Cover photos Defence This report should be cited as ‘PGM Environment and Eco Logical Australia 2014. Strategic Environmental Assessment of Defence Activities in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, 2014: Update Report. Prepared for Department of Defence.’ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document has been prepared by PGM Environment with support from Colin Trinder and Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd. © Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd and Polglaze Griffin Miller & Associates Pty Ltd Disclaimer This document may only be used for the purpose for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the agreement between PGM Environment and Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd and the Department of Defence (Defence). The scope of services was defined in consultation with Defence, by time and budgetary constraints imposed by the client, and the availability of reports and other data on the subject area. Changes to available information, legislation and schedules are made on an ongoing basis and readers should obtain up to date information. PGM Environment and Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd accept no liability or responsibility whatsoever for or in respect of any use of or reliance upon this report and its supporting material by any third party. Information provided is not intended to be a substitute for site specific assessment or legal advice in relation to any matter. Unauthorised use of this report in any form is prohibited. Strategic Environmental Assessment of Defence Activities in the GBRWHA, 2014: Update Report Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..............................................................................................i 1. INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................1 1.1 Background.......................................................................................................1 1.1.1 Overview ...............................................................................................1 1.1.2 Definitions of the Boundaries of the Great Barrier Reef........................1 1.2 Objectives of the Defence Strategic Environmental Assessment.....................3 1.3 Linkages with Other GBR Strategic Environmental Assessment Processes....3 1.4 Regulatory and Jurisdictional Issues ................................................................4 2. DEFENCE ACTIVITIES IN THE GREAT BARRIER REEF ..............................6 2.1 Overview...........................................................................................................6 2.2 Forecast Future Activities .................................................................................8 3. ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS FROM DEFENCE ACTIVITIES IN OR NEAR THE GREAT BARRIER REEF ..........................................................................................11 3.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................11 3.2 Risks from Naval and Amphibious Activities...................................................11 3.3 Risks from Air Activities ..................................................................................14 3.4 Risks from Land Activities...............................................................................17 3.5 Summary ........................................................................................................18 4. MANAGEMENT OF RISKS FROM DEFENCE ACTIVITIES IN THE GREAT BARRIER REEF........................................................................................................19 4.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................19 4.2 Environmental Assessment and Planning ......................................................19 4.3 Standing Procedures for Environmental Management of Defence Activities..20 4.3.1 ADF Maritime Activities EMP ..............................................................20 4.3.2 RAAF Air Activities EMP .....................................................................21 4.4 Airspace Management....................................................................................21 4.5 Range Clearance and Safety Procedures ......................................................22 4.6 Quarantine Management ................................................................................23 4.6.1 Marine .................................................................................................23 4.6.2 Terrestrial............................................................................................24 4.7 Ship Waste Management and Marine Environment Protection ......................24 4.8 Consultation and Liaison ................................................................................25 4.9 Personnel Training, Induction and Awareness ...............................................25 i Strategic Environmental Assessment of Defence Activities in the GBRWHA, 2014: Update Report 4.10 Community Engagement ................................................................................26 4.11 Defence Supported Environmental Research ................................................27 4.12 Alternative Fuels Evaluation ...........................................................................28 4.13 Use of the GBR World Heritage Area by Visiting Foreign Forces...................28 4.14 Discussion and Summary ...............................................................................29 5. EVALUATION OF EXISTING AND FUTURE RISKS TO THE GREAT BARRIER REEF WORLD HERITAGE AREA FROM DEFENCE ACTIVITIES ........31 6. CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................36 GLOSSARY ..............................................................................................................37 REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................39 ii Strategic Environmental Assessment of Defence Activities in the GBRWHA, 2014: Update Report LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Current and Emergent Threats to the GBR in Relation to Defence Activities.............34 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The Great Barrier Reef Region ......................................................................................2 Figure 2: Jurisdictional Boundaries Applying to the GBR............................................................4 LIST OF PLATES Plate 1: An RAAF Orion on a maritime surveillance mission ................................................. 6 Plate 2: HMAS Cairns with patrol, landing and survey vessels alongside ................... .......... 7 Plate 3: Freshwater Beach at Shoalwater Bay Training Area, Queensland................... .......... 8 Plate 4: Computer generated image of the new Canberra Class amphibious ships exhibiting a range of capabilities..................................................................................................................... ........ 10 Plate 5: RAN ships underway in the Great Barrier Reef............................................... ........ 11 Plate 6: RAAF Hornets undertaking air-to-air refuelling.............................................. ........ 16 Plate 7: Paratroop drop into Shoalwater Bay Training Area (SWBTA) ....................... ........ 17 Plate 8: Hull fouling vulnerability and characterisation survey of an RAN frigate ...... ........ 23 Plate 9: Selection of environmental awareness and briefing materials for ADF personnel operating in or near the GBR ...................................................................................................... ........ 26 Plate 10: Surface units of the United States Navy underway in the Great Barrier Reef during exercises with the RAN............................................................................................................... ........ 28 Plate 11: A helicopter in low level hover. Some in-water noise is generated, but the risks to sensitive marine fauna are localised and minimised by standard ADF mitigation measures..................... ........ 30 Plate 12: Dugong in the GBR: Inset - Shoalwater Bay and Port Clinton Dugong Protection Area..... 33 iii Strategic Environmental Assessment of Defence Activities in the GBRWHA, 2014: Update Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Australian Defence Force (ADF) has the mission 'to defend Australia and its national interests'. To fulfil this mandate, the ADF must operate and train in and around the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), including within the GBR World Heritage Area and the GBR Marine Park. This entails regular activities within the GBR Marine Park, as well as periodic major exercises. In recognition of the expectations of Australian society and
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