1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11157 Balchunas, George Ada·m, 9259A. James M:. Russ Thomas R. Thompson Leocadia A. Chlebow-June Pikutis . Buskey, Paul Gordon, 9260A. Gilbert D. Saul Merle G. Wicker .. ska Margaret E. ·Redd . Schweiger, Walter John, Jr., 9261A. ·Kenneth A. Schechter David M. Wilson Evelyn P. Mitchell Ruth E. Robertson. Zink, Harry Johns, 9262A. Thomas B. Smiley, Jr. Jerry "D" Wolfe LIEUTENANT (JUNIOR GRADE) Perkins, Lytle Ray, 9263A. Lester R. Smith Glenn w. Yearous . Adams, George Marvin, 9264A. David S. Stephenson Edmund k , Zahn Ruth H. Styron Erben, James Betros, 9265A. Stephen D. Stevning COAST AND GEODETIC . SURVEY Spencer, Charles Flavius, 9266A. The following named (naval ROTC) · to be Subject to qualifications . provided by law, Arcuri, Michael Joseph, 9267A. ensigns in the Navy, in lieu of ensigns in the the following-named employees of the Coast Neal, John Robert, 9268A. Navy as previously nominated and . con­ Williams, Ruth Lamar, 21279W. and Geodetic Survey for per:µial,lent appoint­ firmed, to correct date of rank from June 5, ment to the grade indicated: Mirock, George Casimir, 9269A. 1951, to June 1, 1951: Godley, Lawrence Ely, 9270A. To be commissioned captain Nichols, Willard Albert, 9271A. Allen E. Alman William G. McCormick Thomas _B. Reed, effective July 1, 1951. Agan, Charles Kieth, 9272A. Jack H. Anderson Theodore K. McCourry T arbet, Dale Fife, 9273A. Charles E. Axthelm Bruce R. McCullough To be commissioned lieutenant (junior Past, Sheldon Joseph, 9274A. Carlos P. Baker, Jr. · Edwin A. McLean grade) Mecke, Harold Jose:ph, 9275A. Arthur F. Barns Richard 0. McNe:r-ney ·Dewey G. ~ushford, effective October 8, I, Bolt, Jones Edward, 9276A. John B. Bierman Charles D. Mendenhall 1951. . Cox, Richard Gordon, 9277A. . Robert T . Billington Russell H. Miles, Jr. To be commissioned ensigns Robert W. Blodgett Forrest A. Miller Robinson, Lillian Tombacher, 21281W. Earl E. Ellis, effective December 11, 1951. Weniger, Robert Lee, Jr., 9278A. Elmer A. Bloomquist.Albert C. Mitcheli Jr. · Lawrence G. Mische .Marion M. Cottrell, effeetive December 11, Noel, William Honree, 9280A. 1,951. Clocksin, Albert Julius, 9281A." Robert R. Boone J:tmes W. Murray Robert L. Boonstra Loren A. Norden Donald L. Campbell, effective December 15, Cole, Louis Biddle, 9282A. 1951. Bruce, Robert Eugene, 9283A. Loren C . .Borgwardt William H. Payne Daniel M. Branigan Clifford L. Peacock · Albert J. Ramey, effective December 18, Johnston, Robert Rex, 9284A. 1951. . Callahan, Walter, .9285A. Donald H. Burger Thomas J. Peterson, Kane, Harold Edwin, 9286A. Donald E. Chelew Jr. Robert M. Borst, effective December 25, Kerr, Kenneth James, 9287A. Charles L. Cotter Joh,n H. Peterson 1951. Green, Norman Eldon, 9288A. Frank· S. Dennis Robert L. Pfeiff · Joshua N. Chopy, effective December 25, Peck, George Staniey, 9289A. Roland S. Dick, Jr. Richard E. Powell 1951. Spear, Sid Franklin, 9290A. Thomas J. Dix9n Richard K. Pulling John F . Vance, Jr., effective December 25, Shiner, Byron David, 9291A. Gerald W. Fauth, Jr. Tom M. Reese 1951. Iverson, Richard Junius, 9292A. Gilbert R. Fornatora Arthur G. 0. Roe Robert T. Koopman, effective December 28, Andre, Louis Edward, Jr., 9293.A. Kenneth Fox Roger L. Rosback 1951. .Strong, Mary ~elene, 21282W. Thomas . C. Fuller James A. R"'lse Robert C. Munson, effective January 9, Anderson, William Landis, 9294A. Paul C. Gaertner, Jr. Maurice T. Ross 1952. Nollkamper, James Louis, 9295A. Frank U. Garrard IIIWilliam E. Ross Howland S. Foote, effective January _9, Pasero, Bernard Ben, 9296A. · Robert J. Gibbons Paul D. Saylor, Jr. 1952.' Bergum, Lester Norman, 9297A. Elmer W. Gielow Robert L. Sheppard, Vartges Engustian, effective January 9, Lowell, Marlan Edwin, 9298A. Charles H. Golden · Jr. · 1952'. . I. Robert Gray Claude R. Stamey, Jr. Cummings, Earl William, 9299A. N. Lawrence E,. Whitney, effective January 1.0, Hannah, George Lafayette, Jr., 9300A. Arthur S. Grenell Rodney L. Stewart 1952 . . Bradley, Jack Tarelton, '9301:A. Jack T. Hamilton Harry M. Sumner Thompson, Shirley Boyd, 9302A. William A. Henshaw James L. Thwing Gerard E. Haraden, effective January 10, Emory, Frank Norman, 9304A. Lacy B. Herrmann Mark E. Trivison 1952. Basel, George Phillip, 9305A. Arthur F. Hooper Russell W. VanDore, Wood, Jim Henry, 9306A. Robert E. Hodgson, Jr Jr. Winn, Chasteen Guy, Jr., 9307A. Albert M. Hunt Donnell Van Noppen, Austin, Orlo Lorraine, 9308A. Raymond D. Johnson · Jr. SENATE Oglesby, Herbert Wills, 9309A. Joseph A. Juhlin, Jr.Marvin P. Watkins Butler, Richard David, 9310A. Robert C. Jung Clarence L. Watson WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER Byers, Vic L., Jr., 9311A. Donald L. Keach Donald E. ·weant 12, 1951 Behrens, l.:Jton Augus·t, 9312A. Lawrence C. Lander IIIHerbert H. Weidensaul · English, Peter Franklin, 9313A. · James C. LandkamerLeonard T. We\nsteiri ENT otism, intelligent, loyal, tactful, and yet political. I feel that I would be remiss possessed of unusual firmness. I know if I did not today express my great ad­ Messages in writing from the Presi­ he has always had the complete loyal­ miration and respect for the retiring dent of the submitting ty of the men and women who served Secretary of Defense. nominations were communicated to the under him. To me it is of great com­ Like the Senator from New York [Mr. Senate by Mr. Hawks, one of his secre­ fort that he will succeed Secretary Mar­ LEHMAN], I have also a very. great ad­ taries. shall in this . very difficult assignment. miration for Deputy Secretary Lovett. RESIGNATION OF GEN. GEORGE C. MAR· The President could not have made. a In the preparation of the bill which is SHALL AS SECRETARY OF DEFENSE-- · better choice. the pending. business before the Senate, NOMINATIONS OF ROBERT A. LOVETT I am also very glad, indeed, to note day after day I have been in contact AND WILLIAM C. FOSTER that the President has sent to the Sen­ with Deputy Secretary Lovett. He is a Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I ate the nomination of Mr. William C. man of understanding and ability, a man am infarmed that the Secretary of De­ Foster, of New York, to be Deputy Secre­ of high character, a man of great de­ fense, George C. Marshall, has tendered . tary of Defense. Like Mr. Lovett, Mr. votion to the public service. I think his resignation. The message which bas Foster is an old and valued and highly the Nation is very fortunate indeed to just come to the Senate from the Presi­ honored friend. He has been in Govern­ have a man of such high quality to step dent contains the information that Rob­ ment service for some time. After the into the shoes of the great American who ert A. Lovett, of New York, has been ap­ resignation of the Administrator of the is retiring ~s Secretary of Defense. pointed to be Secretary of Defense. Economic Cooperation Administration, Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, will Mr. President, few men in our history Mr. Paul Hoffman, Mr. Foster was re- . the Senator yield? can match General Marshall's record of called from his very important duties as Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I devoted service to America as a soldier · head of the ECA in Europe, which he had do not want to be farming out the time. and statesman. He will go down in the discharged with great distinction, and I presume that a number of Senators annals of America as a great patriot and placed at the head of that great organi­ would like to speak in regard to Secre­ a great general, one who played a major . zation which has done such outstanding tary Marshall. I ask unanimous con­ part in helping lead this country to vic­ and such valuable work for our country sent that Senators may be recognized tory in World War tr. He has always and for our allies abroad. for that purpose, and that thereafter been a dedicated American; a man will­ I want to say again that while noth­ Senators may be permitted to transact ing to serve his country in peace and in ing can mitigate my regret over the routine business; without debate. war through arduous years, a man will­ resignation of General Marshall, it is a The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ ing to sacrifice his own health to do so. source of rejoicing to me, as I think it jection, it is. so ordered. He has earned a rest, and he has earned should be to all the people of the coun­ Mr. IVES. Mr. President, I desire to the enduring admiration and heartfelt try, that he will be succeeded by such an join my colleague from New York and gratitude of his countrymen. I commend outstanding man as Robert Lovett, and the senior Senator from Wyoming in the· him for the splendid service he has ren­ that Robert Lovett will have the assist­ sentiment which they. have already ex­ dered, and I wish him well. I hope he ance, as deputy, of Mr. Foster. pressed regarding the retirement of Gen­ will have many, many years of happy life Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, will eral Marshall and the nominations of before him. the Senator yield? Mr. Lovett and Mr. Foster to the respec­ Mr. President, I am confident that Mr. Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. tive positions which are to be assigned Lovett will be an able Secretary of De­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I ro~em. 4 fense. The President is to be com­ desire to associate myself with the com­ With regard 'OO General Marshall, I mended for ·sending Mr. Lovett's nomi­ ments which have just been made by happen to be among those who voted for nation to the Senate for confirmation. the Senator from New York. I talked the confirmation of his nomination as Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, will with General Marshall this morning, and Secretary of Defense. I have admired the Senator from Arizona yield? I said to him what I .will now say upon him for his achievement, even as I have Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. the fioor of the Senate. I have been in criticized him for his shortcomings. He Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, we intimate contact with him in the dis­ has had a long and distinguished· career. have all learned with deepest regret of charge of his duties as they brought him As I pointed out in my remarks last year the resignation of Secretary Marshall. before the Appropriations Committee in when his nomination was confirmed, he He is a great soldier, a great statesman, the various capacities which he has filled deserved the recognition being given him but above all that he is a man of great as Chief of Staff, as Chief of the Joint at that time. More than anyone else nobility of character. I look on General Chiefs of Staff, as Secretary of State, and who was mentioned at the moment, he Marshall as one of the greatest men this as Secretary of Defense. In all my ex­ was qualified for the position to which country has produced in my time. His· perience as a member of the Appropria­ he was appointed, namely, that of Sec­ resignation is a tremendous loss to ·the tions Committee I have never known a retary of Defense. At the same time, country. He is entitled, of course, to man who had a greater knowledge, or a he was deserving of retirement. Only rest after his arduous duties covering so more precise and intelligent grasp of the. last June, I am told, there came a day many years, but the country will great­ facts and figures which he was present­ which marked the fiftieth anniversary of ly miss him as a wise and courageous ing to the committee, than did General his active service for.his country. That leader: The country will wish him well Marshall through all the years. His pa­ is an unusual thing to happen to any in any activity in which he may engage tience, his tolerance, his ability, his un­ person. No man, after a career such as in the future and pray that he will have derstanding, and, above all, his wisdom, General Marshall has had, can more de­ many more years of good health, con­ were made clear day after day in his serve high tribute than does he. No tentment, and further service. presentations. I feel that his resigna­ man can merit retirement and peace of Mr. President, I am heartened by the - tion brings a great loss to our country. mind, which I trust will be his from now fact that the President has nominated He has put us all in his debt by the man­ on, more than does General Marshall. Mr. Robert A. Lovett to succeed General ner in which he has carried out 'the func­ He is a great American. He has dem­ l\tla!'shalL I have known Mr. Lovett, who tions of the great responsibilities which onstrated it time and time again. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 11159: As for my colleagues · from- · New· military leaders· in all our history; but Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Prest-· Yo1·k-and I am referring to our two I am satisfied that American -history · dent, the departure of Oen. George Mar­ colleagues in the service of our Govern­ will record also that he was one of the · shall from his post as this Nation's Sec­ ment whose nominations have j\Jst been greatest statesmen in our .history. In retary of Defense will be Viewed by his· submitted by the President-I think the fact, I believe that one of the richest countrymen as a distinct loss. PJ.·esident has chosen wisely and well. I compensations I have received in my George Marshall is one of the great trust that my ·colleague from North Da­ brief period of public serVice has been Americans of our times. Long after the kota [Mr. LANGER] will not object when the close contact I have had, as a mem-. trivial carping of his detractors has been their nominations finally come before ber of the Armed Services Committee, forgotten, the memory of George Mar­ the Senate for confirmation, because I with the great Marshall. . shall's service will still stand as an in­ have noted that North Dakota is now re­ I know of no man with whom I l:ave spiring monument to future defenders of ceiving conslde1·able recognition from· worked wlio has been such a source of freedom in the world. · the standpoint of appointments by the inspiration to me; a man who in every No other man of his times understood PJ.·esident. act h~ demonstrated the courage of so well the threa~ of twentieth century I assure my colleague from North Da­ placing principle above any form of totalitarianism. On the field of battle kota that, had the President attempted personal advantage or partisanship. It and· in tbe area of diplomacy, George to do better in New York than he has is a great loss to the American people Marshall understood the threats, made done in these two selections, he could to lose the services of the great Mar­ his countrymen understand the th1·eats not have improved· upon the.m. These shall. I agree .with my distinguished also, and because of his efforts freedom men are eDiinently qualltled for the po­ colleague from New York that he cer­ has survived and will continue to survive. sitions assi.,,7lled to them. I believe that tamiy has earned the i·etirement which George Marshall was a remarkable this estimate of qualltlcations applies is now his. . combination of soldier and statesma~ equally to Mr. Lovett, who has been Dep­ In closing I want to add my voice to When he \Vas most need~ he answered uty Secretary of Defense during this try­ those who deplore any question being : the call to duty, and within th~ past year ing period of time, and to Mr. William raised as to the great loyalty of Mar­ he has contributed immeasurably to set­ C. F-oster, whose experience and record shall to the basic concepts of our Amer­ ting this Nation upon the course of in the ECA have been outstanding. ican system of government and to bis strength to withstand the onslaughts of So, Mr. President, trusting that there undying opposition to the Communist armed Communist aggression. will be no objection to the confirmation philosophy. We who knew him and worked with of the nominations of these two dis­ Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Pres~ him will be sorry he is leaving, but we tinguished New Yorkers, and assuring ident, I am very happy to add a word do not begrudge him the rest he richly my beloved colleague from North Da­ of tribute to General Marshall. I am deserves. kota that none of us from New York one of those who occasionally have dif­ The choice of the man who has been had anything to do with the nominations fered with the gene1·a1 on matters of · chosen as George Marshall's successor is ·. from the standpoint of ~king recog-. . policy, and I should so state; but I bave . a happy choice. nition for New York, but assuring him had a personal relationship with Gen­ eral Marshall which has been such Robert Lovett has not only the capac- · also that we take pride in the fact that ihat ity and the experience to :fll1 this gigan:­ these two distinguished gentlemen are it hP.s left a lasting impression on me of a great character and a great friend. tic job of directing the Nation's defense, New Yorkers, I ask him kindly to allow he has, also, that essential ingredient of these nominations be speedily confirmed. I have known General Marshall in va1ious connections ever since I have unrelenting courage which inspires con­ as he has.allowed some others from New fidence and action in hours of grave York to 9e corifirmed. At the same time, been. in the United States Senate, and I believe that· he has richly· deserved peril. · Mr. PJ.·esident, I predict that both of Robert · Lovett, like George Marshall, · these gep.tlemen will perform with dis­ retirement after years of . faithful and devoted public servire. I want to pay · understands our enemy well, both from tinction the Vitally important duties the military viewpoint and from the dip- · which are to be assigned· to them and · this tribute to him perso~lly and to · express my warm regard for the Gen- . Iomatic viewpoint. With him in com­ that they will continue to be a credit not mand, -the Nation's defenses are in good only to the Empire State, but to the eral and Mrs. .Marshall, both of whom ' harids. . . country which. they are serving. a:-e personal friends· of Mrs. Smith and Mr. MAYBANK. Mr. President, I wish m~lf. . . Mr. JOHNSTON of South Carolina. to add some of my thoughts to what haS I should like also to say a word about Mr. President, I rise to pay tribute to been said by distinguished Senators the nomination of Mr. Lovett and Mr. a great. Christian, a great military lead­ about General Marshall. I had the hon­ Foster. Both these gentlemen have. been er, and a great American. . I have never or and privilege of knowing him wheil friends of mine since the · beginning of come in contact with George Marshall he was ~ colonel in my home city of their service for the F'ederal Govern­ that I have not felt the effect of haVing Charleston at a small fort. I have fol­ ment. I have known of them in other been with a great Christian gentleman. lowed bis caree1· with interest. Cer­ connections, through business. and so Every time he opened his mouth to speak tainly everything that has been said forth, in New York. I have come to he gave me the impr~ion that I was know them both well as they have very listening to someone who was close to about him is more than deserved. Gen­ God. . eral Marshall has earned a far greater · capably carried out their publi~ i·espon- . place mour hiSt'~ry than that of an out­ sibilities. I want to take this occasion As a military leader he is second to standing militanr · .~. From a ·richly to commend the nomination of Mr. · none. · I fea:r that there are some few deserved retirement be heeded the call Lovett to be SeCretary of Defense, and people in America who have failed to of hiS country to rettn;n to a most diftl­ to express my eagerness to cooperate give him his due credit for this leader­ cult task. His serVice· to his country, with him in every way passible in the ship during World WS§ ll. We should . both in and out of umtorm, has been pe11ormance of the very arduous duties be mindful of the fact that, as Chief or a guiding light to our --military and which he is now undertaking. Staff, he issued general orders that were civilian population. It is my ~!lcere wish I also wish to express my gratification caITied out on the :field of battle. Some that General Marshall may n()w spend at tpe nomination of Mr. Foster, aµld I people give the generals on the field of many leisure years, secure amm.'llg the am most hopeful that it will help ·bring battle all the credit. I do not do so. memol'ies of a . full measure of deV",q_tion about the ·coordination of our military I fail to see how any person in his and service to the Nation he loves. '?;be and economic program in the measure i·ight mind could raise any · question tributes and good wishes of our people recently passed by the Senate and short-· doubting George Marshall's qualities as will bear witness to the esteem in which . 1Y to be discussed in conference. one of our great Ame1·icans. If any he is held. His i·esignation is a gi·eat loss My tribute to these eminent men is person is true to our American way of at this time. based· also, as in the case of General lif.e it is George Marshall. I ·grieve at Mr. MORSE. · Mr. PJ.·esident, I wish . Marshall, on personal relationships, and . losing the services· of a man who is so to add my voice in tribute to the great I desire to extend to them and to the great in so many ways. record which General Marshall has administration my congratulations on · Mr. Lovett, who will step into the made i1 a long public career. I consider these ·admirable nominations · for ap- shces of George Marshall. has a hard General Marshall one of the greatest - pointmel:1-t ...t _o public service. task to parform, but I believ~ he will 11160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 12. come nearer to doing it than anyone else though only superficially, · hiS distili.- · agreement In order to complete your activi­ I know of at the present.time. gulshed ·father, who was a· lawyer and a: ties concerning the Universal Military Train­ railroad executive; and I have come to.· Ip.g Act. . . The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair . In again a~ptlng your reslgpation from. apolo~ in a sense for speaking from know Bob Lovett as one of the out.stand- · a position of high responsibllj.ty, I realize · the rostrum. but he is sure that the Sen­ 1ng men in this country from the stand­ how many times previously you have sought ate w1ll not object in this case. point of pure, sheer ability. patriotism, to retire to private·life. But one time after I have known General Marshall and· and understanding of our ·institutions. another you have responded to the call to have been ass0ciated with him for so -· I also wish to say· that I believe the · public service. long and so intimately that I would not President b.8s made a wise choice in se- · To all or-· these oflices you have brought want any 9ppor.tunity pass by with­ lecting Mr. Foster as Mr. Lovett•s sue- · great talent and wisdom. In fact, no man t.o ever has given his country more distinguished out placing myself alongside of those cessor. . It seems to ·me that these tWo and patriotic service than have you. who have spoken and the thousands. and . appointments are to be commended by On ~half of our country. I want to thaiik perhaps even millions. of others in Pri­ everyone who is interested in the high you for all you have done. · On my own be­ vate capacity who will speak with re­ caliber and high quality of our public - half, I want to tell you of my deep personal gard to the general's retirement. servants. appreciation for the wise counsel and the It was only by accident .that he was In .order that the record may be com­ unwavering support you have given me in born in Pennsylvania, instead of in Ken-· plete, l 'take the liberty, with the consent these trying days. tucky. He and I have joked about that . of the Senate. of asking that there be You have earned your retirement many­ fold, and I wish you many gOOd years at many times. The Marshalls are an old printed'in the RECORD the announcement Leesburg. family of Virginia, and ~ has been a. . from the White House, dated September. With every good wish. credit to that family. 11, of the resignation of General Mar­ Gratefully and sincerely, . He has combined military genius with shall, and of the nominations of Mr• . HAJmy S. TRUMAN. stat.ecraft to a degree rarely found i_n Robert A. Lovett and Mr. Wfiliam c. · Pollowing ls the text of General Marshall's apy one man. Not only has he been a Poster, and of · Mr. Richard M. Bissell. letter to the President: great soldier, not only- has he under­ Jr.• to be Acting -Administrator of ECA; . . 8BP'.l'DIBER 1, 1951. stood the logistics of war and campaigns and that there also be printed the letter Dlwl . MB. PBEsII>ENT: With deep regret I a,nd the deployment of men, but he has of the President accepting General Mar­ feel I must terminate my active dally service understood human nature. and he has shall's resignation, and the text of Gen- · in the Government, and therefore submit been one military man with whom ·I eral Marshall's letter to the -President - my resignation as Secretary of Defense to be effective within the next 2 weeks. have come in contact who has under­ tendering hiS resignation. . . Our ongln&l understanding prior to my · stood the political implications. not The release and letters are as follows: · appointment was that I · would serve only from a partisan sense. but from the SEl"TEM'.BBR 11. 1951. until June so. 1951. That tiJne has now been sense of the e1fect upon government. The President haa accepted, with great extended more than 2 months. - of any military campaign or any de- . reluctance, the reslgnation of Secretary Of As I explained to you personally, I do this . cisions made in connection with a. Defense George C. Karaball, to be effective at with deep regret, .but as you well know 1 · military campaign. Not only has he the close of business today. Will always be available tor whatever tem­ At the time of his appointment aa Secre­ been a military statesman. as I have porary service you may desire of me. often said, but he has been·a statesman­ tary of Defense in September of Iaat year. it · Meanwhile· I assure you of my.loyal devo­ was agreed that General l(arshall would · tion to you and the National Government. like soldier, whichever way one may pre­ · serve until June 30, 1951. However· on that · With great regret and respect. · fer to use the two terms combined. date, because so much legtslation of great . Faithfully yours, In addition to all these qualities, he importance to the armed services was still GEORGE C; MAils~. has been a good man, a sincere man. a largely In a state· of hearings before commit­ man of courage and of generosity. In ·· tees of Congress, ·General Marshall agreed to . Mr.· O'CONOR. Mr. President. Gen­ carry on until the end of the summer• . eral · Marshall has rendered distin­ all the renferences in which I partici­ Spec11lcally, he agreed to remain until a re­ pated and which he attended-Cabinet guished services to his country both· in port had been made by the Commission war and in the later struggle for peace. meetings, meetings of the Security · created to recommend to the Congress the has been Council. and informal conferences both basic policies to govern the universal mru~ It most fortunate for the during the war and since the war-I do tary training. That report now has been United States that in all emergencies not believe I ever heard General Mar­ completed. there have arisen men of outstanding shall speak ill in a personal sense of any . · The President is today forwarding to the ability, of unswerving integrity, Of man. Senate the nomination of Robert A. Lovett, soundest judgment. who have been com­ So I share the deep sorrow which all ~epu,ty Secretary of Defense. to be Secretary. petent t.o exert leadership toward the of Defense. · successful defense of our people and the of us feel in his retirement. although William C. Foster. Administrator of the recognizing that he is entitled to it. Economic Cooperation Administration. .wlll sound administration of their affairs. When he became Secretary of State. he be nominated at the same time as Deputy . General Marshall is in this category: did so purely as a matter of service to Secretary of Defense. · He was an outstanding soldier, a distin­ his country. He had then earned retire­ Richard IL Bissell. Jr., Deputy Adminis­ guished statesman, and a brilliant ment by reason of his long .military ca.- · trator. will become Acting Adminfstrator of administrator. with ECA. For 50 years he has served h1s country reer, He served distinction as Sec­ The President has sent the following letter ~nd dis­ retary of State. . to the Honorable George c. Marshall accept­ at ·home and abroad with hono(. When President Truman called hiril irig his resJgnatfon as Secretary of Defense: tinction. He has given vigorous Jeaf.ier­ ship to national defense and to the cau~ back to service as Secretary of Defense~ . 8BP'rmolm 11, 1951. General Marshall served in that capacity · DlWl GENERAL MAltsH.u.L: It ls with very of peace. purely as a matter of service to his coun­ great reluctance that I accept your re&igna- . His foresight and acumen paved· the try, for there was nothing be could gain tlon as Secretary of Defense e1fectlve, In . way for success in. World war n. and his either personally or politically or finan­ accordance with your wishes, on Septem- . devotion to duw: his willingness to re- · cially from serving either as Secretary of ber 12. spond at any eost t.o the call of his coun­ State or as Secretary of Defense. I have stated many times, 'both publicly try have made him a truly national fig­ and p~vat.ely. my high regard for your many · ure whose reputation for honor and in- - Therefore, all of us recognize General services to the country throughout your long tegrity. ~is world-wide. Marshall's right to re.tire. We regret · and dist~gutshed career as a Government profoundly that he .is retiring, a.rut we . ~rvant. At this time.I Wish particularly to T.RtiNSACTION OF ROUTINE BUSINESS wish for him many years of health and · mention the tremendous strides that have ,,-"l'he VICE PRESIDENT. Under the happiness. and usefulness in any under­ been made, under your direct leadership, in · establishing a sound bas1s for our 'mllltary - order entered on request of the Senator · taking in which he may care to erigage. from Arizona [Mr. McFARLAND], routine I am happy that the President has ap­ manpower and production program which already has tremendoU8ly increased our de- - business is now in orde1·. pointed Bob Lovett as General Mar­ tensive strength. ;. DISPOSITION OP EXBCUTIVE PAPERS · shall's successor. I have had very inti- . I understand tully and am sympatbe:tlc mate association with Mr. Lovett. There With the reasons for your reaigna'tion at. this The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the- . · is no man for whose intellectual integ­ time. and I am most appreciative ot, your Senate a letter from the Archivist·of the rity I have greater respect. I knew; al- willingness to remain 2 mo~ths be!,rvnd our -United States. transmitting, pursuant to 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11167 \ the advertising agency apparently was ·private 'interests who would be willing ent budget contains an item of $3,000,- that there were many people, like the to continue this· program. 000 for advertising on the part of the Senator from Vermont, who listen to this Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, Department of Defense? program, and that perhaps they would will the Senator yield? Mr. AIKEN. Yes. I now yield to the be interested. Mr. AIKEN. I yield to the Senator Senator from South Dakota. Mr. AIKEN. I listen to it. That is from Massachusetts. Mr. CASE. Mr. President, the distin­ why I know about it. The question arises Mr. SALTONSTALL. Alpng the line guished Senator from Wyoming has in my mind, however, as to the necessity of the statement of the Senator. from stated that it would be beyond the power of putting on elaborate radio and tele­ Wyoming, it is my understanding from of the Committee on Appropriations to vision programs to stimulate recruiting the armed services and from the con­ put a rider on the bill. That is correct. when the draft law is in effect. But I see ferences on the unification bill and the But certainly the Appropriations Com­ that the Army puts the blame on Con­ Selective Service bill, that the best sol­ mittee is under no obligation to provide gress again, because it is said that this diers are volunteers. A volunteer who funds just because there is an authoriza .. program was put on. because Congress enters the service on his own volition tion for a certain purpose. The Appro­ appropriated the money for it. contemplates · a longer : term of enlist­ priations Committee repeatedly denies Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, let ment, with the hope that he may re­ funds for projects for which authoriza­ us make the matter clear now, before the main and make the Army or Navy a tions have been made. Senator goes further. He says that it career. A drafted soldier is in ·for a As an example of the way the so-called seems rather useless that such a program shorter period of time, and it is reason­ directive is being followed, I should like should be carried out while the draft law ably clear that he will leave the service to read to the Senate a letter which was is in effect. Let me read from' the draft once his term is over.· · written by a sergeant of the recruiting law. I read from section 20, under the Therefore, it is more efficient, more service of the Army and Air Force on the heading "Effective date": economical, and better judgment to se­ 16th of July 1951. It is addressed to a The Secretary of the j\.rmy for the Army cure the service of a man who joins the young man who has received his prein­ and the Air Force, the Secretary of the Navy Armed Forces because he wants to do· duction notice. It should be borne in for the Navy and Marine Corps, and the Sec­ so, and will serve for a longer period mind that this letter is from the recruit- retary of the Treasury for the Coast Guard, of time. ing service: are hereby authorized and directed to initi­ With respect to the money which is ate and carry forward an intensive volup.­ DEAR Sm: The Selective Service Board tary enlistment campaign in an effort to ob­ spent for advertising, I have never lis­ of- tain the required personnel strengths. tened to this particular program, and I very seldom listen to any such programs. The name of the town- So the Congress of the United States Mr. AIKEN. The Senator should states that your preinduction draft notice instructed the Department of Defense to listen sometime. It is a very good mys­ will be in the mail within the next three carry on such a campaign when that law tery program. (3) days. . was passed. Did you know that you can still volun­ Mr. SALTONSTALL. I conclude by teer- Mr. AIKEN. I did not hear t:tie slight­ saying that over a long period of time est reference to The Shadow ·or even any money which is spent for publicity That sentence, "Did you know that_you to radio programs in the section of the for procurement of volunteers, if well can still volunteer," is capitalized and law from which the Senator read. spent by .competent people, is of value to . underscored- Mr. O'MAHONEY. The details of the the taxpayers. I do not say that the for the Air Force or the Army before- program were not outlined. I call the program to which the Senator from Ver­ The word "before" is underscored­ attention of the Senator to the fact mont has referred was that kind of that by the rules of the Senate the Ap­ you receive your preinduction notice? After program.- receipt of your preinduction draft notice, you propriations Committee i~ forbidden to Mr. AIKEN. I believe that we should will be ineligible to volunteer for any branch write legislative riders into appropria­ have as many volunteers as possible. of service. tion bills. If it is desired to curtail the However, there is not a college in this Would it be possible for you to come into expense of carrying on a voluntary-en­ country where the boys do not know that this office within a few hours after receiv­ listment program so that fewer men will thev can volunteer for the Army if they ing this letter? We believe we have some­ have to be drafted, the place to carry want to do so. There are recruiting thing that will be of vital interest to you. that story is before the Armed Services offices. in every town of any size.. It is Sincerely yours. Committee. absolutely unnecessary to put on multi­ It is signed by the recruiting sergeant. Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the million-dollar programs-and that is The point I wish to make is that we Senator yield? what the total cost must amount to for spend money to maintain the recruiting Mr. AIKEN. I shall be glad to yield all the armed services-in order to in­ service and it is writing letters to boys in a moment. _ . _ duce enlistments. I hope the programs after they get their preinduction notices, The Army says, in .effect, that if the are not put on for the purpose of keeping informing them that if they come to the Congress had not appropriated the in right with the advertising medium recruiting officer he can off er them some­ money it would not have put this mys­ they employ. thing of interest. tery-serial program over the air on Sun­ I am wondering about another factor. The suggestion that ought to be made day afternoons. It seems to me that The contract for advertising was placed in the interest of economy is that the the Army has given us a cue to the with an advertising concern in Chicago. entire job of recruiting personnel for the remedy. There would be perhaps as much as armed services should be left to the local Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, $22,500 which would go outright to one draft boards. If it were, credits for vol­ will the· Senator yield? advertising concern as a fee. It seems unteers could be adjusted each month. Mr. AIKEN. I yield first to the Sena­ to me that here is one place where we It is a known fact that there is a lag tor from South Dakota [Mr. CASE]. could save .some money by stopping the between the .time an enlistment takes Mr. CASE. Mr. President, even elaborate multi-million-dollar advertis­ place and when the draft board gets though the distinguished Senator from ing, publicity, and propaganda cam­ credit for the enlistment. Vermont enjoyed the program called paigns of our Government agencies. After a draft board has sent out its The Shadow, does he think that the ' I understand that the Department of preinduction notices, . if the recruiting taxpayers of the United States should the Treasury is sponsoring the Sammy service comes along and succeeds in be expected to put up the funds so that Kaye orchestra. That must cost even herding boys into the service by this kind The Shadow can be put on for the more than The Shadow and other pro­ of solicitation, the draft board must go Senator's enjoyment? grams. through its work again and send out Mr. AIKEN. The pleasure which the Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, will other notices in order to meet its quota. Senator from Vermont got from listen­ the Senator yield? Furthermore, the board does .not get ing to The Shadow was considerably Mr. AIKEN. I yield to the Senator credit for its volunteers until several alloyed at the end when he fom:id that from Illinois. months thereafter. If the recruiting he was helping to pay for it through Mr. DOUGLAS·. Is the Senator from were handled by the local draft boards, taxation. I think there are probably Vermont aware of the fact that the pres- they could accept volunt~e:r.s, and tht1s 11162 CONGRESSIONAL ' RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 12 to pay high prices is an undesirable practice · ADJUSTMENT OF SALARIES OF CERTAIN Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. In and a growing one: Now; therefore, be it POSTAL EMPLOYEES-AMENDMENTS that connection, many of us are won­ Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate dering what will happen to the proposed that the appropriate Federal agencies shall Mr. HUMPHREY submitted an exercise such authority as is given to them amendment intended to be proposed by legislation which has been presented for by law to prevent repetition of this practice him to the bill

1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN~ TE 11183 having a "watchdog committee," which Mr. THYE. ·I yield first to the Sena­ mittee. It is the function, for example, will investigate, not only on an account­ tor from Michigan, who was first on his of the Armed Services Committee with ing basis, but actually examine what is feet. regard to the Defense Department. If done in the construction of the various Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, the the Defense Department follows a policy installations, as well as to investigate the Senator from Michigan first wishes ~o which is not sound, the Armed Services manpower employed in the various say, in reply to the Senato: from Oregon, Committee ought to call it to task. We branches and in the various plants as that.he does not see the picture at all as should not have a subcommittee of the well as in the Military Establishment. the Senator from Oregon sees it. It is Appropriations Committee functioning Mr. MORSE, Mr. FERGUSON, and Mr. true that the Armed S,ervices Commit­ also as an Armed Services Committee DOUGLAS addressed the Chair. · tee has appointed an investigative sub­ because there will be nothing but juris­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does committee. But the Appropriations dictional strife if that is done. the Senator from Minnesota yield, and Committee is responsible for bringing to Mr. THYE. Mr. President, I will say if so, to whom? the Senate of the United States all the , to the able and distinguished Senator Mr. THYE. I yield first to .the Sena­ facts in relation to all moneys appro­ from Oregon that as a member of the tor from Oregon, because he has been priated for the Armed Servi?es. I know subcommittee of the Appropriations on his feet for a longer time than other of no occasion when any testimony taken Committee dealing with appropriations Senators. by the Armed Services Commi~tee . on for the armed services, I have sat in hear­ Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I appre­ questions of whether or not legislation ings conducted with respect to sundry ciate very much the courtesy of the Sen­ should be enacted has ever been called to items contained in the appropriation bill, the attention of the Appropriations and as a member of that subcommittee ator from Minnesota. Let me assure ' Committee. Naturally the Armed Serv­ him, prior to my raising objections. to who has sat through most of the hearings ices Committee takes the testimony; I cannot this afternoon state that we his amendment, that I am of one mmd they obtain the evidence. They are fa­ / with him for the need of the kind of have squeezed every unnecessary and miliar with it. It is in relation to mat­ surplus item out of this appropriation investigation for which he is calling. I ters with which they deal. They conduct respectfully point out to him that I .share bill. As a member of the _appropriations. hearings on the question as to whether Committee I feel that we have a respon­ the view of the Senator from Arizona, or not the laws ought to be changed in that the work which the Senator from sibility to Congress and to the taxpayers relation to the armed services. But the to examine every item appropriated for Minnesota proposes to have done has al­ Appropriations Committee has the re­ ready been started by the watchdog com­ in this bill, as it is being expended by tJ::1e sponsibility of recommending the appro­ Defense Department, to make certam mittee of the Armed Services Committee. priation of dollars, and it is that com­ In my opinion, we are dealing h~re that the funas are wisely expended. I mittee which must obtain the knowledge believe that the Appropriations Commit­ with a jurisdictional problem. I thmk as to the need for spending the public the duty in question falls within the money in order that they may report tee is the logical committee to have that jurisdiction of the Armed Services Com­ proper measures for the consideration of responsibility upon it, because we must mittee. I feel that when legislation of justify our recommendations for appro­ the Senate. priations when the bill is brought before this character is passed, the Armed Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the Services Committee of the Senate owes a this body and we have to justify to the Senator yield to me for a moment, so I Senate the various items contained in responsibility to . this body to see. to it may reply· to the· Senator from Michi­ that the fllnds are properly spent mac­ gan? the appropriation bill. We must state cordance with the legislative objectives ·that it is our opinion and our best judg­ Mr. THYE. I yield. ment that the bill we have reported to of the Congress of the United States. I Mr. MORSE. In the first place, let am sure the Senator from Minnesota will the Senate is the best bill we can bring me say to the Senator from Michigan before this legislative body. appreciate what I believe he will find to that there is ample evidence available be the feeling and the attitude of the If we must defend it here, then I be­ members of the Armed Services Com­ to him as to the suggestions the Armed lieve it is our responsibility to make cer­ mittee that we should be allowed to do Services Committee have made to the tain that the funds provided throughout our job under the able leadersliip of the Appropriations Committee time and time the biennium for which we are appro­ again through members of the Armed priating are wisely expended. It is for Senator from Texas [Mr. JoHNSONl. I Services Committee who have sat as ex­ can assure the Senator from Minnesota officio members of various subcommit­ that reason that I introduced the joint that I know of no more hard-working tees of the Appropriations Committee. resolution to begin with. It is one rea­ committee than the Preparedness Com­ The records of the Armed Services Com­ son why I am trying to spike it to a bill mittee of the Armed Services Commit­ mittee have been called to the attention which I know will be passed. I know that tee, as demonstrated by the reports i~ has of the Appropriations Committee my resolution has not had consideration already submittetj. this year. .through those representatives. This since last May 28, when it was intro­ To create another committee which year I have served as one of the ex­ duced. That is why I am speaking in would be bound to overlap, and duplicate officio members of the ·Armed Services support of such a watchdog committee, the work of the Armed Services Com­ Committee in conferences with members to determine whether we are getting our mittee I respectfully say would not be of the Appropriations Committee, with dollar's worth out of every appropriation · in the 'interest of the efficient operation the Senator from Wyoming CMr. dollar which we now provide for the of the Senate. I think that what the O'MAHONEY], for example, who is in armed services and the Defense Depart­ Senator from Minnesota should do is to charge of the bill which is now before the ment. join with the rest of us in insisting_ that Senate. We have made our suggestions Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, will every possible facility: be made available available to the Appropriations Commit­ the Senator yield? to the Johnson subcommittee so that it tee time and time again. ·But I remind Mr. THYE. I yield to the Senator can carry on the studies that need to be my good friend from Michigan that after from Illinois. made. the Appropriations Committee takes the Mr. DOUGLAS. Again I congratulate Therefore, I respectfully point out to testimony that causes it to bring forth the Senator from Minnesota for what I the Senator from Minnesota that I be­ an appropriation bill, and the appro­ think is the most constructive move of lieve he is offering an amendment to an priations have been made, and the de­ the past 3 days, something which is abso­ appropriation bill which is legislation partm.ents to whom the appropriations lutely needed if we are to prevent mili­ on an appropriation bill, and I raise a have been made proceed to function un­ tary expenditures from absorbing the en­ point of order to that effect. der the legislation enacted it is the pri­ tire national vitality. He has made a Mr. FERGUSON and Mr. DOUGLAS mary obligation of the committees that contribution of the first magnitude. · addressed the Chair. have jurisdiction over those departments Permit me to say tQ.at so far as the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does to see to it that the policies called for by jurisdictional dispute which ha.s arise~ the Senator from Minnesota yield, and ·the appropriations are carried out. on the floor in the past few mmutes is if so to whom? That is the function of a legislative com- concerned, no group has done a better 11184 CONGRESSIONAL RE-CORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 12 job than the · so-called Preparedness Mr. DOUGLAS. In other words, the body of the Senate, to· integrate· the Subcommittee, headed by the distin­ so-called John.son committee 'is a good work of the committees,. but with the guished junior Senator from Texas [Mr. preparedness committee, but we need a special task-I will not say of riding JOHNSON]. The work which he has done 'special committee to watch the spending herd, but of watching with a solicitous in the field of tin and rubber, and in the of the military authorities. Similarly, eye the expenditures of the military to field of overcrowding of the induction the Appropriations Committee has a see whether they are wasteful or proper, centers, has been of the first water. We 'broad range of subjects to cover, but _and to make recommendations for fu­ are very proud of him. I told him once is it not also true that a special com­ ture appropriations. personally that I thought that during mittee is needed to concentrate on this Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President­ this session of the Senate he had per­ one field, the $61,000,000,000 field? Mr. THYE. Mr. President, I should haps made.the greatest substantive con­ The staff of the Subcommittee on Mili­ like to yield to the Senator from New tribution of any Member of the Senate. tary Appropriations has, I believe, just York, who has been on his feet. I affirm my statement. left and walked into the cloakroom-the The PRESIDING OFFICER. So far · However, the scope of the powers of one man upon whom the Senate depends the Chair is convinced that the debate his subcommittee is so broad that I think to furnish it with the facts concerning is on the merits of the amendment, and it is very difficult fo~ it to concentrate t he appropriations of $61,000,000,000- not on the point of order. Therefore, on the specific field of acting as a watch­ one man to protect the Senate. the question of jurisdiction has no rela­ dog over defense spending. Mr. THYE. Mr. President- tionship to the point of order of the Mr. THYE. Mr. President, if I may Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, will Senator from Oregon [Mr. MoRSEJ. The interrupt the Senator from · Illinois, I the Senator yield for a further obser­ , amendment is in violation of paragraph should like to pay my personal respects vation? 4 of rule XVI of the Standing Rules of and commendation to the able and dis­ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. FREAR the Senate, and in the opinion of the tinguished Senator from Texas for the in the chair) . The Chair is ready to rule Chair is not in order. · work he is doing. However, I place him on the point of order. Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. Presidenk-­ in an entirely different field from that Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, may I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The hich I am erideavoring to cover by this finish this observation? Chair therefore sustains the point of amendment. I place him in the mili­ Mr. THYE. Mr. President, if the order. tary field, the field of determining Chair will permit me, I should like to Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, I whether the military is taking proper yield to the senior Senator from Illinois. .Should like to speak on the point of steps to make certain that it has the I may say that we have not taken up too order. strategic materials to develop the de­ much time in discussing the question of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The fense which is necessary. I recognize how to safeguard the taxpayer. I Senator from Michigan is recognized. that he has a responsibility. to a soldier think the Chair would do well to permit Mr. FERGUSON. Before the Chair who has been inducted, to make certain ·a little fmther discussion before he rules on the point of order,· I should like that th~ soldier has clothing, to make rules: · to call attention to the fact that this ·certain that he h~s weapons with which The PRESIDING OFFICER. The may not be legislation. I read from to fight, to make certain that he has · Chair is very sympathetic toward the pages 159 and 160 of the rules of the camp facilities which will not in any ·amendment of the Senator from Minne­ S.en!tte: sense injure his health. In .that field sota. However, the rules apply, and the . Each standing committee of. the Senate the subcommittee and its able chairman Chair must attempt to abide by the rules. and the House of Representatives (other have done a most commendable job, and Mr. THYE. Mr. President, I respect­ _than the Appropriations Committees) is au­ I support him at every step, if he needs fully submit that I recognize that there is thorized to appoint by a majority vote of my support. However, I feel that that is the committee not more than four profes­ a rule with which the Chair must con­ sional staff members in addition to the cler­ an entirely different field from that for form, but I believe that no Senator ical staffs on a permanent basis without which I am endeavoring to create a should become impatient if we spend a regard to .political affiliations and solely on watchdog committee. It is the duty of little time in discussing the questiqn be­ the basis of fitness to perform the duties of the subcommittee of the Senator from fore the rule is invoked. the office- Texas to see that the military have the Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, will materials to do with, but it is our job to the Senator yield? In other words, there is a limitation see that the appropriations which we on the number of professionals, and the . Mr. THYE. Mr. President, I should number of clerks- provide are properly expende~. It is our like to yield to the Senator from Illinois, job, if the appropriations are excessive, if the Chair will withhold his ruling. and said staff members shall be assigned . to to see that they are not squandered. If - the chairman and ranking minority mem­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. In this ber of such committee as the committee may they are excessive, there should be some­ instance the Chair will be extremely deem advisable. Each such committee is thing left when we make a reexamina­ lenient, and allow 2 minutes further dis­ .further authorized to terminate the services tion of the budget and of the appro­ cussion. by a majority vote of the committee of any priations which we previously made. Mr. THYE. I thank the Chair. · such professional &taff member as it may We are here today considering a $61,- Mr. DOUGLAS. When the Military see fit. Professional staff members shall not 000,000,000-plus appropriation bill. If Establishment wishes to take an objec­ engage in any work other than committee we accept this amendment, we shall be business and no other duties may be as­ tive, what it does to set up a task ' signed to them. providing $50,000 to examine into the force. That task force will normally (B) Professional members for Committee question as to how the $61,000,000,000 is ·have naval components, military com­ on Appropriations, examinations of execu­ to be expended. I think there is a need ponents, aviation components, and some­ tive agencies' operation: Subject to appro­ to do exactly that. times marine components. Those are priations which it shall be in order to in­ I am not endeavoring to cast the harmonized into an integrated Iorce. clude in appropriation bills, the Committee slightest reflection upon the ability of We now have before us the greatest on Appropriations of each House is author­ the chairman of the subcommittee of task which the Senate has ever faced. ized to appoint such staff, in addition to the which the Senator from Texas is the clerk thereof and assistants for the minor­ This time there is an appropriation of ity, as each such committee, by a majority chairman. . I am only endeavoring to $61 ,000,000,000, and there will be count­ vote, shall determine to be necessary, such give them an additional tool with which less billions ahead in the future. Is it personnel, other than the minority as­ to work. That tool is a subcommittee not appropriate that we should set up sistants, to possess such qualifications as the within the Appropriations · Committee, a task force to deal with this appropria­ committees respectively may prescribe, and to determine whether there are excessive tion? I am wondering if perhaps we the Committee on Appropriations of the House also is authorized to conduct studies or foolish expenditures in the various should not have a special conimitte~. con­ military installations. and examinations of the -organization and sisting of some members of the Appro­ . operation of any executive agency (includ­ Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, ·will priations Committee, some members of ing any agency the majority of the stock of the Senator yield? the Armed Services Committee, and pos­ which is owned by the Government of the Mr. THYE. I yield. sibly some members ·drawn from the _United States) as it may deem necessary to 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-• SENATE 11185 assist it in connection with the determina­ that if we keep putting this subject off Senator from Minnesota. I have voted tion of matters within its jurisdiction and in there will always be presented an argu­ against many proposed cuts, and I in­ accordance with the procedures authorized by the committee by a majority vote, in­ ment why it should be put off again. The tend to vote against many more, not that cluding the rights and powers conferred by same argument could be made when the I disagree with the purposes of the cuts, House Resolution Numbered 50,. adopted legislative appropriation bill comes be­ but because I have had the feeling that J anuary 9, 1945. fore the S3nate. I can see no better time in most cases they are clearly hit-and­ than now to try to nail some safeguard miss cuts, and are not based on any facts The PRESIDING OFFICER. If that to this huge appropriation bill. known to any Member of the Senate, be the case, it appears to the Chair that . Mr. President, anyone who has had possibly with the exception of some the amendment would not be necessary. governmental experience knows what it members of the appropriate committees. Several Senators addressed the Chair. is going to be like when all the various I do not believe that the Senate, when Mr. THYE. Mr. President, I believe refusing to make cuts on a hit-and-miss I still have the floor. agencies in the Defense Department pro­ ceed to spend $61,000,000,000. It is for basis, should be willing to surrender its Mr. HAYDEN. May I be heard in re­ that reason, knowing that the members control over at least the supervision of sponse to the Senator from Michigan? of the Appropriations Committee are the expenditures which have been au­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The oftentimes working more than they are thorized. by this body. Therefore I be­ Senator from Arizona. physically fit to work, and far more than lieve that it would be in the interest Mr. THYE. When did the Senator of good government and in the interest from Minnesota lose the floor? a man should be compelled to work, in their endeavors to obtain some informa­ of economy, and possibly in the interest The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tion relative to the items in an appro­ of increasing efficiency, if we adopted Chair has made a ruling on the point priation bill, that there should be the the amendment offered by the Senator of order. addition to the staff which I propose. from Minnesota. Mr. THYE. Then I appeal from the Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, will decision of the Chair. If the Committee on Appropriations is to act as a "watchdog committee," and if we the Senator yield? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The are to ask the staff, which is already Mr. THYE~ I yield. question is, Shall the decision of the overworked, to proceed to an examina­ Mr. McFARLAND. I should like to Chair stand as the judgment of the tion of all the installations and all the say to the distinguished Senator from Senate? activities of the Defense Department, and Minnesota that I believe there can be no Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I if we are to have the type of inspection question tha.t what he proposes would be merely wish to ask the Senator from and investigation which the taxpayers legislation on an appropriation bill. The Minnesota to withhold his appeal for a are entitled to have, we shall definitely Parliamentarian has so advised us. It moment. have to add to the staff of the Com­ would be a bad precedent if, every time The section of the rule which was read mittee on Appropriations. We must have some of us were for or against the merits by the Senator from Michigan clearly some experts in the field of accounting of a proposition, we decided to overrule shows, it seems to me, that the Senate to give the members of the committee the decision of the Chair. The rules of has the power to expand the staff of the relief in their endeavors to find out how the Senate have been established for Appropriations Committee if it desires to the funds are being expended. There­ orderly procedure. The Senate cannot do so. The question was-under consider­ fore, I am reluctant to give up the fight, afford to overrule the Chair merely be­ ation briefly yesterday in the Appropria­ and I say we should not put it off any cause his decision happens not to suit tions Committee when the legislative ap­ longer. Tomorrow will come, and an­ the ideas of. some of us whenever we propriation bill was under consideration. other request will be made to put it off favor an amendment:-- If we did it in If I had not been detained upon the floor another day. · one instance, no doubt it would be by the responsibility of trying to get the done in other instances. Surely the pending bill passed, I would have dis­ Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President; will the Senate of the United States is not going cussed with the committee the propriety Senator yield? to set the precedent of overruling deci- · of expanding the staff of the Appropria­ Mr. THYE. I yield. sions of the Chair, merely because the tions Committee for the purpose of doing Mr. HAYDEN. What the Senator Chair's decision runs counter to the de­ what is proposed by the Senator, because from Michigan [Mr. FERGUSON], read sires of some of us with regard to acer­ I have a very clear feeling that the Ap­ shows that there is already a law on the tain proposition. propriations Committee, which recom­ statute books which provides that any If I may have the further indulgence mends the appropriations, ought to pur­ time the Committee on Appropriations of my good friend from Minnesota, I de­ sue the matter. desires to do so, it can add to its per­ sire to emphasize that I agree fully with I am in complete agreement with the sonnel to whatever extent it may desire. his objective. Certainly we should watch objectives of the Senator from Minne­ I thoroughly agree with what the Sen­ carefully the expenditure of every tax sota [Mr. THYEJ, but I am wondering if ator from Minnesota has said about the dollar. it would not be a very good idea, in view necessity of expanding the staff. After We know, of course that overlapping of the great importance of the pending talking with other members of the com­ of functions and duties exists in many bill, and the substantive amendments mittee, I am convinced that it should be departments of the Government. How­ which are still to be considered, for the done. However, we do not have to amend ever, merely beczuse there is an overlap­ Senator to withhold his amendment and this bill to do it. Provisions for doing it ping in the departments of the Govern­ present it again when the legislative bill is already on the statute books. We ment is no excuse for the Senate to over­ comes up. would merely be tacking to this bill a lap in its work. We already have· a The Senator from Louisiana [Mr. EL­ provision which is already contained in "watchdog committee" which has done LENDER] is on the floor. He is in charge the law. notable work. The distinguished mem­ · of the legislative appropriation bill. He Mr. THYE. Mr. President, if we have bers of the Armed Services Committee is thoroughly familiar with the Reor­ the timber, and if we have the tools, so who are working under the chairman­ ganizatior Act, and with all the rules of to speak, let us go ahead and nail some­ ship of the able junior Senator from the Senate. I suggest to the Senator thing together so that we will have it in Texas are experienced in this particular from Minnesota that it would expedite service and operation. If we do that, we field. . -consideration of the pending appropria­ can determine whether we are getting a I have the utmost confidence in the tion bill and expedite the attainment of dollar's worth out of every dollar of ap­ distinguished Senator from Texas [Mr. the objective the Senator has in mind, propriations we make. Jo1:NSON] and the work that his· sub­ in all probability, if he would be good I now yield to the Senator from New committee is doing. If we wish to ex­ enough now to accept the decision of the York [Mr. LEHMAN], who has been on pand the work of the Preparedness Sub­ Chair and let us proceed with the pend­ his feet a long time. committee by providing a little more ing bill. Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, I am in money and a somewha-:; larger staff, I Mr. THYE. I should like tO say to the full agreement with the purposes of the believe that this subcommitttee will meet distinguished Senator from Wyoming amendment offered by the distinguished the needs of the situation. 11186 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 12 I realize that the field in which the committee is presently engaged in study­ Mr. THYE. Mr. President, the Sena­ Preparedness Subcommittee operates is ing and investigating all those com­ tor from Michigan has been seeking rec­ one in which many Senators would like plaints. ognition for some time. However, if he to participate .. I also realize that fre­ The amendment of the Senator from will pardon me for a moment, I should quently we let our desires prejudice our Minnesota would merely result in a du­ like to yield first to the Senator from views, although I do not make that state­ plication of the provisions of that reso­ Texas, to permit him to continue his ment in respect to the distinguished lution of the Armed Services Commit­ statement. Senato:: from Minnesota, because I know tee. We of the Preparedness Subcom­ Mr. FERGUSON. I have a proposal h2 is trying · to reach a certain goal. mittee of the Armed Services Committee which may help dispose of this matter. However, in all sincerity I say that the do not find that the· scope or the power Mr. THYE. Very well; then I yield Senate cannot afford to change the rule or the authority of the committee are first to the Senator from Michigan. by overriding the decision of the Presid­ such as to prevent us from making the Mr. FERGUSON. My proposal is that ing Officer, inasmuch as fac rule is per­ desirable studies and investigations. The the appeal from the decision of the Chair fectly plain. I hope the Senate will not only thing which limits us in that re­ be withdrawn by the Senator from Min­ do so. spect is the funds available to us .. nesota, and that he ask for the handling Mr. THYE. Mr. President, let me say If the Senator from Minnesota wishes of this matter by the Appropriations to the majority leader that I have no in­ to have a more thorough or more exhaus..: Committee. tention of casting a reflection upon any tive· or more detailed investigation made~ · As I view the S2nator's proposal, it Member ofthe Senate and, in particular, all he needs to do is to call upon the contemplates something entirely differ­ I have not the slightest intention of Committee on Rules and Administration ent from what the Preparedness Sub­ casting any reflection upon the distin­ and insist that it agree that the Armed committee, headed by the Senator from gukhed junior Senator from Texas [Mr. Services Committee of the Senate be pro­ Texas, is doing at this time. JOHNSON]. However, I had a feeling vided with the amount of money neces­ So I hope the Senator from Minne­ that his subcommittee was operating in sary to .supervise the expenditure of the sota will withdraw the ·amendment, and an entirely different field fro~ · the one $61,000~000,000 carried in this · appropria~ will offer it later in connection with the to which the amendment relates. tion bill. legislative appropriation bill. At that · Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi­ However, the Prf'paredness Subcom­ time I should like'to join him in sponsor­ dent, will the Senator yield? mittee within the limit of its funds is ing the amendment, if it is offered in Mr. THYE. I am ve gl~. d to yield. going to do everything it possibly can to connection with the appropriations for Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I know the supervise the expenditure of the money the legislative branch. Senator from · Minnesota is aware of in this appropriation bill. I believe· that Mr.· THYE. I shall be most happy to Senate Resolution 18, which was sub­ :is what was intended by the Reorganiza­ do so. mitted to the Senate in January of this tion Act. It is not my intention to labor this year by the chairman of the Senate · Mr. THYE. Mr. President, I have been point, Mr. President. . However, before Armed S3rvices Committee, the dis­ on the floor of the Senate at least three I take my seat, I should like to hear tinguished junior ,Senator from Georgia times when the Senator from Texas has what the Senator from Texas has to say [Mr. RUSSELL]. . made a report from his Preparedness in commenting on my remarks. There­ Mr. THYE. Yes, I am aware of it, Subcommittee, and each of those reports fore I yield to him at this time. particularly in view of · ~h e fact that I was .on the question of preparedness and Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I thank the have had a copy oj it on my desk all day, defense, not on the question of how the Senator. in order that by my amendment I would military had expended any of the funds . Mr. President, I appreciate very much not in any way invade the field covered made available to them. the nice things the Senator from Minne.:. by the resolution. It was with the knowledge that we sota has said about our committee and Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi.:. have received from that subcommittee about the Preparedness Subcommittee dent, will the Senator from Minnesota reports regarding what was being done .and its reports which he has observed. yield further to me? in military camps, that I submitted my As a matter of fact, the Preparedness Mr. THYE. Certainly. amendment. I can recall when the Sen­ Subcommittee has made approximately Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. The Armed ator from. Texas stated that our defense .30 reports in the fields of manpower, Services Committee has submitted a was not armor, but was only chicken housing, training, and materials. · It resolution creating a Preparedness Sub­ wire. I recall that. was our feeling that the first studies committee, and that resolution has been It is for those reasons that I submitted should be in the fields of manpower and adopted. So far as I can tell, there is the amendment. I submitted it because materials: The contracts which are nothing in the amendment of the Sena­ the subcommittee was confining itself to made for procurement purposes relate tor from Minnesota tha~ is not already the preparedness question, and I wish to to both manpower and materials, of covered by the resolution of the Armed have set up a subcommittee staff which course. Services Commi~tee. will have the specific duty of determin­ We now have under way investiga­ I have no disposition to ask the Sen­ ing whether we were getting a dollar's tions relating to the procurement field. ate not to appropriate to tlie Appropria­ worth of goods or services for each dol­ One of them in7olves the General tions Committee whatever money it may lar of appropriations provided by the Mot.ors Corp., in connection with the need in order to have a proper staff. pending measure. · production of a number of airplane However, as I understand, the Appropria­ I wish to emphasize the point that I motors. / tions Committee has made no such re­ am not reflecting upon or attempting to We have felt that under this resolu­ quest. reflect upon the Preparedness Subcom­ tion we had complete authority to in­ At this moment the Armed Services mittee of the Armed Services Commit­ vestigate everything the Senator from Committee has a staff which has made tee. I pay them a tribute for doing the Minnesota contemplates. approximately 30 reports, a copy of each job called for by Senate Resolution 18, If the Senator from Minnesota or the of which has been sent to each Member namely, determining whether we really Senator from Michigan have in mind of the Senate. From time to time the are obtaining preparedness and whether anything which they feel the committee committee has asked the Senate to pre­ we have sufficient strategic materials for has not considered, but should consider; sent its recommendations in regard to that purpose. So I was not casting any the chairman of the Preparedness Sub­ any matter which ~enators felt should be reflection upon the committee. committee will be very glad to have · investigated. I may say that not a day Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will them call it to his attention. passes but that the Preparedness Sub­ the Senator yield? I wish to read two paragraphs of the committee has dozens of requests for in­ Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi­ resolution creating the Preparedness vestigations from businessmen, private dent, will the Senator from Minnesota Subcommittee. If the Senator from citizens, and from Members of the Sen­ yield to me, to permit me to ask a ques­ IA:ichigan and the Senator from Minne­ ate. The staff of the Preparedness Sub- tion? sota had read the resoluti<>n I think they 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11187 would have realized that the Prepared­ I have no particular pride in this spe­ view of that fact, and in view of the ness Subcommittee of the Armed Serv­ cial . subcommittee. If it is the feeling fact that there will be another oppor­ ices Committee now has adequate au­ of the Senate that another committee t, _1ity for a quorum call before a final thority to do the very thing for which should handle the matter, I should be vote on the bill, I . now ask unanimous :they are requesting authority and very glad to give to that committee some consent that the order for the quorum money. of the hard work which we have been call be rescinded. I now read from the resolution: doing. I do want the Senate to know The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without It shall be the function of such subcom­ that it has one committee now which is· objection, it is so ordered. mittee to conform with section 136 of such doing the work, ,that $190,000 has been Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I now act by exercising a continuous watchful­ appropriated for the work, and that 30 call.up my amendment designated "9-11- n ess over matters within the jurisdiction of reports, cover.ing a rather wide field, 51-B." the Armed Services Committee, through a have been submitted during the past 12 continuous study of policies, programs, ac­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tivities, operations, facilities, requirements, months. The only thing that limits the clerk will state the amendment offered and practices of the Department of Defense, operation of that committee is the mat­ by the Senator from Illinois. the armed services, and other agencies -ex­ ter of money. The LEGISLATIVE CL.ERK. On page 35, ercising functions relating to them and the Mr. THYE. Mr. President, I would between lines 3 and 4, it is proposed to administration thereof in all respects. say to the distinguished Senator from irisert the following: The purposes of such ·watchfulness and Texas that it has been my understand­ study shall include the determination Total expenditures of funds appropriated ing and my ·observation that that sub­ by this paragraph shall be limited to 95 whether (1) such policies, programs, activi­ committee is itself dealing with the ques­ ties, operations, faclli~ies, requirements, and percent of the total amount appropriated by practices are the most effective po_ssible in tions involving preparedness, whether we this paragraph. the interest of national defense; and (2) have strategic materials, and whether the administration of such policies, pro­ we have the supplies and all that is Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, this is gr ams, activities, operations, facilities, re­ necessary in order to develop our de­ a proposal to introduce a further cut quirements, and practices . is characterized fense. But the Appropriations Commit­ o:: 5 percent in the amount paid for civil­ by maximum .efficiency. tee is the committee which ultimately ian personnel of the Departme:,,1t of the I say to the Senator from Minnesota must make the decisions on the appro­ Army at the seat of government here priations. If we have erred in our judg­ in Washington, n. C., in such offices as that it is my thought that the amend­ the· Judge Advocate General's, The Ad­ ment he proposes calls for an exact du­ ment and have appropriated too much jutant General's, th~ Chief of Ordnance, plication of the function and authority money, we are to be held responsible. If which the preparedness subcommittee we have erred in our judgment and have and the like. of the Armed Services Committee al­ not appropriated sufficient funds, we Before going into the merits of the ready has and already is exercising. shall have to stand judgment for not amendment, I should like to pay tribute The able Senator from New Hamp­ providing the military and the armed to the Army for its clear-cut budget shire [Mr. BRIDGES], the able Senator services with the necessary funds with presentation. In the Navy and Air Force from Massachusetts [Mr. SALTONSTALL], which to prepare themselves as they budget one cannot get a clear picture of and the able Senator from Oregon [Mr. should have been prepared. So I say the overhead. It is· covered up in other MoRsEJ, on their side of the aisle, sit on that the subcommittee of the Commit­ items. The Army on the other hand has that committee; and if there are any tee on Armed Services is charged with set forth, in detail, the precise location matters which we have overlooked, or if the responsibility of examining into the and the amounts involved on its over­ there is anything which the Senator question of the preparedness of our mili­ head personnel so that Congress can get wishes to have studied, but which has not tary forces, and it is not staffed for, and an accurate picture of it. For this, I been studied, within the limit of our is not charged with, the responsibility of think the Army deserves the highest funds-not within the limit of our au­ determining whether the dollars appro­ praise and that the Navy and Air Force thority, because we have ample author­ priated have been wisely spent. should follow this excellent example. ity· to do everything his amendment con­ Mr. President, in this day, when· we The history of this situation is as fol­ templates, and it calls for a mere dupli­ are appropriating the billions of" dollars lows: As I understand, at the height of cation of something which the Armed v:hich are called for by this bill and Worl1 War II, when there were between Services Committee has been doing since w:th the prospect of our spending $100,- thirteen and fourteen million men in July 1950-we shall be glad to study it. 0f'IO,OOO,OOO on the defense program be­ the armed services, there were approxi­ So it seems strange to me that .we fore we are finally through with it, if mately 23,000 civilian and military per­ would spend hours talking about econ­ that is the sum of money we are to ex­ sonnel in the Pentagon. That was in omy and about saving money in the tract from the taxpayers, we need not the ratio of l employee in the Penta­ executive departments of the Govern­ only one committee for the study of the gon for approximately 500 men in the ment and about avoiding duplication, question of preparedness, but we need Armed Forces as a whole. I do not know and yet the Senate would consider creat­ another committee to determine whether the present population of the Pentagon, ing two committees to do the same thing there was too much enthusiasm for pre­ and I suggest that it would be very in­ and to have the same authority and to paredness and whether we are spending teresting for the United States Census, make reports on the same matters. money which it might not have been if it has resources adequate to deal with It may be that the Armed Services necessary to spend. this matter, to take such a census. But Committee and its Preparedness Sub­ But, Mr. President, in view of the according to the last information I have, committee have not investigated every­ fact that a point of order has been made, which is somewhat out of date, there thing the Senator from Minnesota would I shall not press the question further, are roughly 34,000 men and women in like to have us investigate. But all he but will take it up at some later time. the Pentagon. needs to do, in order to have studied any The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill PROPORTION OF OVERHEAD PERSONNEL GREATER subject within the purview of the Pre­ is open to further amendment. NOW THAN IN WORLD WAR II paredness Subcommittee is to refer it to Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, The Armed Forces of the United States us. We have now many studies under if no Senator present wishes to offer an do not exceed 3,500,000, so that the ratio, way. It has been the feeling of the Sen­ amendment, I suggest the absence of a therefore, is 1 Pentagonite for approxi­ ator from Texas that in the 12 months (".lorum. mately every 100 persons in the armed during which we have operated, with the The . PRESIDING OFFICER. The services. 30 reports which we have submitted, go­ clerk will call the roll. In other words, although we are en­ ing into the efilciency of operation of the The legislative clerk proceecied to call gaged in what is certainly only a minor Defense Department, going into its pro­ the roll. ' . war, comparatively speaking, there are in curement and its contracts, going into Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, the Pentagon employees in administra­ its ·housing, and going into its utiliza­ I am informed that the senior Senator tive positions in the ratio of 1 to 100 tion of manpower, we have served the from Illinois [Mr. DOUGLAS] is prepared now as compared with 1 to 500 at the _purpose for which we were created. to proceed with his amendment. In height of the greatest war in human 11188 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 12 history. While perhaps certain qualifi-· tacking the character of these people. · rected only to civilian employees. It .cations should be made, because in And I hope I am not impeding the war ·does not deal with military emplOyees. World War II the Navy was outside the . effort by suggesting that there are too Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will Pentagon, and now has been largely many of them in the Pentagon. the Senator yield? brought under the wing of the Depart­ That is the whole point-there are Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield to the Sena­ ment of Defense,. that still does r..ot en­ too many of them there. tor from Michigan. tirely explain the difierence. Mr. President, what I am trying to do Mr. FERGUSON. I think the Senator Mr. Pr€sident, the evidence indicates is to cut out one of the major diseases from Illinois was not on the floor when that there is approximately three times of the military system, which is the an · amendment was adopted to reduce the overhead here in Washington now tendency to expand personnel in the the 530,000 limitation to 500,000. We that there was at the height of World upper echelons. The amendment which have also reduced the number by in­ War II. I understand that, under the I suggest would save abuut $3,354,000- cluding not only full-time. civilians, but leadership of Secretary Pace and Assist­ .peanuts, to be sure, but it would re­ part-time consultants. So we have, in ant Secretary Johnson the present over­ lease over a battalion. The amendment. effect, I think, reduced the number ap­ head ratio in the Army is much better would affect civilian personnel, and its proximately 10 percent. than it was in 1942. adoption would mean the release of the · Mr. DOUGLAS. I may state to the There are approximately two divisions equivalent of over a battalion of people Senator from Michigan that I am very of people in the Pentagon. It is true to more productive service. glad that amendment was adopted. I that not all of them wear the uniform, Mr. FERGUSON. Mr. President, will was not on the floor when it was agreed but if they were not in the Penta­ the Senator yield? to. But the reduction to which he in­ gon, they could either be in the active Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield to the Sen­ vites attention is a reduction in number services, or they could be in industries ator from Michigan. of personnel, and applies the country connected with the war effort. over, not merely in Washington. Mr. FERGUSON. I wonder whether Mr. FERGUSON. That is correct. Mr. President, I lament the fact that the Senator's amendment has not been the Committee on Appropriations has Mr. DOUGLAS. It is not a reduction taken care of already, because the limit in amount of money. The amendment only one staff member to deal with this has been reduced from 530,000 to 500,- huge $61,000,000,000 appropriation. I which I offer provides for a reduction 000, and there is a provision that it of a further 5 percent in the amount hope that either the proposal of the Sen­ covers personnel, temporary, as well as ator from Minnesota or that of the Sen­ of money. . permanent, and also consultar~ts, which Mr. FERGUSON. The Senator from ator from Arkansas [Mr. McCLELLAN] to probably will result in reducin::; the num­ create a joint committee on the budget Michigan feels that the amendment of ber even more than would be . accom­ the Senator from Illinois can be ac­ will be accepted, to have the appropria­ plished by the Senator's amendment. tion groups adequately staffed so that cepted, because it would be in line with Mr. DOUGLAS. I believe the pro­ the amendment to which I have just we may know what we are doing. Both posal to which the Senator from Mich­ these Senators have made very construc­ referred. igan refers is the so-called 5-percent Mr. DOUGLAS. That is correct. I tive suggestions. I desire to include also cut as applied to the civilian employees the junior Senator from Michigan [Mr. am glad the amendment restricting per-· as a whole under a directive issued by sonnel has been adopted. ·My amend­ MoonY], because he join.ed in the sug­ Assistant Secretary of Defense Anna gestions made, I believe, with particular ment would seal that achievement and Rosenberg, but what I am trying to re­ restrict the appropriation of money for interest in the bill to create a joint duce, specifically, is the number of civil­ budget committee, inasmuch as. he· is Army offices in the Pentagon. ian employees at the seat of Govern­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. - The a member of the Senate Expenditures ment, and to impose a further 5-percent Committee which reported that bill. question is on agreeing to the amend­ cut in the salaries of Army officers in ment offered by the Senator from Illi­ OVERSTAFFING IN THE PENTAGON the Pentagon. nois [Mr. DOUGLAS]. If there is one matter upon which Mr. President, when the various con­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I Senators are expert, I mean the common, gressional committees went into the desire to confirm what the Senator from garden-variety of us sitting here on the question of the overstaffing of the Penta­ Michigan has said, that the Senate by floor of the Senate, it is that there is gon, that gave strength to the hope that its action on the general over-all per­ overstaffing at the Pentagon. Everyone Mrs. Rosenberg would impose a 5-per­ sonnel ceiling seems to have accom­ of us has constituents and friends at the cent cut in the total personnel, civilian plished what the senior Senator from Pentagon, and while they have a feeling and military, in the Pentagon, to take Illinois desires to accomplish by his of loyalty to the service for which they effect in July. That order has gone into amendment. The history of what hap­ are working, nevertheless they have also effect, and I want to pay tribute to Mrs. pened while the Senator was off the floor a feeling of loyalty to the country, and Rosenberg for doing what she did. was this: That the junior Senator from they tell us upon occasion of the gross Probably she would not have been able Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN] offered an amend­ overstaffing which exists in the Pentagon. to prevail upon her colleagues in the ment providing for an over-all 10 per­ I suppose no one is to blame for this. Pentagon had it not been for the assist­ cent cut. Discussion ensued during · I suppose it is like Topsy, it has just ance which Congress gave her, but it was which the whole matter was rather "growed." a very good act on the part of Cong~ ss, thoroughly explored, as I thought, and I wish to make it clear that I am not and she has carried it out excellently. the junior Senator from Illinois finally reflecting on the patriotism of those at Mr. President, I desire to point out, if was persuaded that the members of the the Pentagon. I hope it will not be said I may, that at the instance of the senior committee were correct in their point of that I am attacking their character. I Senator from Michigan we have imposed view, and he changed his amendment. certainly am not. They are excellent a 10-percent cut on personnel in civilian He abandoned the proposal to make an men and women, I am sure, highly de­ agencies, but the Army thought it .was over-all 10-percent cut, instead of the voted to duty, highly patriotic. I am making a great concession when it agreed 5-percent cut the Senator from, Illinois sure the percentage of church member­ to a 5-percent cut in the Pentagon. I seeks, and accepted in lieu thereof the shi ' among them is as high as that to be should also like to point out, if I may, reduction of the original committee found in our citizenship as a whole. I that probably there is as much over­ amendment from 530,000 to 500,000. am sure they are kind to their wives and staffing in the military agencies in Wash­ There is another reason why I feel children. I have been in the homes of ington as · there is in the · civilian agen­ that the Senator's amendment should some of them,-and I can testify that they cies. Since we have applied a 10-per­ not be adopted at this point, and I hope take good care of the flowers in their cent cut to the civil branch of the Gov­ I may be able to persuade him that I gardens, and that the pansies and ernment, it would seem, in all fairness, am correct. We have already adopted petunias they raise are just as good as that we should also apply a 10-percent amendments which have increased the those raised by anyone. So I wish to cut to the Military Establishment here personnel because of perfectly under­ make it perfectly clear that I am not at- in Washington. This amendment is di- standable reasons. .For example, in the 1951 CONGRESSIONAV RECORD-··. S.ENATE ' 11189 Office of the Secretary of the Army we , . The PRESIDING OFFICER. The : propriation of $3,000,000,000 which the increased the appropriation so as to pro­ amendment: will be stated. - Defense Department is requesting, is in vide 12 additional employee.s whose duty The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 39, · addition to the some nine and a third would be to carry on the ren~gotiation of line 10, it is proposed to strike "$1,050,- · billion dollars of accelerated tax amor­ contracts involving these huge sums. 000,000" and insert in lieu thereof . tization which have already been grant­ Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr . . President, will "$1,003,356,000." . ed by the Defense Production Adminis- the Senator yield? On page 40, line 3, it is proposed to tration. It is in addition to the loan . Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield. strike "$1,537,452,000" and insert in lieu guaranties which have been granted, Mr. DOUGLAS. If -the Senator will thereof "$1,526,952,000." · . and to the direct loans which either have read my .amendment, he will find that I On page 41, line 17, it is proposed· to .• been or will be granted. It is an ap­ am reducing by 5 percent the total strike "$1,335,668,000" and insert in lieu . propriation by the Government to fur- amounts appropriated by the paragraph thereof "$1,320,468,000." nish tools, equipment and machinery, to in question, not the individual amounts On page 47, line 9, it is proposed to . put these into private establishments, appropriated in the specific lines of t4e strike "$3,215,800,000" and insert in lieu · the private establishments then using paragraph. The Secretary of the Army thereof "$3,104,850,000.'' them. would have discretionary powe·r to ap­ Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President­ Then, of course, the question always portion these cuts as he thought best. '17he PRESIDING OFFICER. With­ comes up: What is to ·happen to them So that if there are particular sections out objection-- after the war? While some of these will in the top Army officers in the Penta­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I have a specialized wartime use, there gon which a·re understaffed-it seems thought the Senator from Illinois was are others, such as heavy presses for air­ incredible to believe that there are any going to explain the amendment . . craft, which can be made available for sections in the Pentagon that are under­ peacetime work,. as well as for wartime staffed-but if 'there . are, those' can be Mr. DOUGLAS . . I had.intended to. Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, work. It seems to me that for machin­ exempted, and the cut would be an over­ ery which is useful in peacetime, such all figure of $3,354,000, which- could be this is a very substantial cut of almost $50,000,000 in the appropriation for the as heavy presses, lathes, drUis, and so apportioned amongst the various sec­ forth, we need not spend so much money. tions and divisions. construction of aircraft and related pro­ curement. I cannot bring myself to ac­ : Rather; we can provide incentive to con­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Let us consider cept the amendment because it deals with cerns through direct loans and acceler­ the Office of the Chief of Ordnance. one of the most vital aspects of this ap­ ated amortization tax certificates. The There the request was for a restoration . same holds true for plant construction. of $367,000. We denied that request and propriation bill. If there is one thing upon which the committee was unani­ After the last war a great deal of this allowed only $250,000. In the case of equipment for which we . spent a total · the Quartermaster General, he. wanted mous it was upon its desire to make cer- . tain that the United States has an ex­ of $7,500,000,000 was sold at ridiculously a restoration of 122 persons . . We allowed ·low figures to the industrial concerns a restoration of only 61. In the Office panded Air Force. This is a ·provision that deals specifically with the Air Force which had used them during the· war. of the Judge Advocate General the com­ Certainly some of this equipment must mittee recommended a total increase of of the Navy. If the amendment were to be adopted it would mean · a reduc·­ · still be _in existence, but ·this is a pro- ~ eight persons for the purpose of imple­ tion of.some $47,000,000. It would be a posal to spend $3,000,000,000 more. - menting the new law providing for an · When this question was submitted to appellate procedure. All in all, these - vote to cut 60 aircraft from the expan­ . sion of naval air power, or in more real­ the House, the House Appropriations . increases authorized by the committee in Committee made a 10-percent cut in the this paragraph amount to about $860,000. istic terms, it would be the equivalent of 4 .modern fighter squadrons. In view · budget request-of' approximately.· $1 ,100,- The total amount carried in this par­ 000,000 for this purpose for the Army, ticular appropriation is-. - · of the great need for the expansion of air power, I think the amendment of the but it did not make a corresponding cut Mr. DOUGLAS. Sixty-seven million in the one-billion-eight-hundred-mil­ seventy-nine thousand .. nine hundred Senator from Illinois should not be adopted. lion-odd dollars requested for the dollars. Navy and the Air Force. I think this Mr. O'MAHONEY. The Senator from AMENDME NT AIMED AT REDUCING GOVERNMENT PURCHASES OF MACHINERY• may possibly l:Iave been a mere tech­ Illinois is quite correct. nical oversight on the part of the House. M;y own feeling is that because of what Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I am It seems to me logical that it in­ we have already done tlie Senator's afraid that our good friend the Senator tended to make a 10 percent across the amendment is not necessary. But if the from Wyoming and his associates have board. This is highly probable, since ·senator insists upon the amendment I . misunderstood the nature of the amend­ the item for the Army is labeled as "Ex­ am willing to accept it and take it to ment. It is not directed at reducing the pediting production" while the items ·conference. number of aircraft. It is directed at an for the same purpose in the Navy and Air Mr. DOUGLAS. I thank the Senator area of the budget called expediting pro­ F)rce sections of the bill are included tn from Wyoming, and I will make the con­ duction. At least it bears that title in other headings. This is pointed up by the ventional reply that I hope he takes it the Army budget, although it carries a fact that the House committee in its re­ to conference with a strong heart and different name in the Navy and Air port, specifically directed that this pro­ not with the intention of strangling the Force, arid in those services it is not car­ gram be reevaluated. Since the princi­ amendment to death in the tower. ried as a separate item in the bill. In­ ple involved is precisely the same for the Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, I stead it is included within other items Navy and the Air Force, one might sur­ think I may be permitted to say to the in the bill, which is why I have had to mise the House wanted the program re­ Senator from Illinois that I believe I offer four separate amendments. Under evaluated across the board, although I h ave a strong heart. I can take the the items which include funds for this cannot speak for the House. things that happen on the floor. It has purpose of the military asked 'for a total not been my practice to speak out of of approximately $3,000,000,000 to pur­ I cannot see how our holding back 10 two sides of my mouth. . chase tools, equipment and machinery percent on these appropriations will ap­ · Mr. DOUGLAS. I thank the Senator to which the Government will hold title, ,preciably reduce the number of aircraft from Wyoming. but which will be used by the contrac­ produced. It seems to me that this is an The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. tors in producing for · the various attempt to put a little checkrefn on, to Moony in the chair). The question is branches of the military service. It is see that the money is not lavished as on agreeing to the amendment of the also going to be used to build. or to re­ widely as it·otherwise would be, and that ·senator from Illinois lettered "B." · habilitate Government-owned plants, more careful exploration of other expan­ The amendment was agreed to. primarily for the production of highly sion incentives, such as accelerated Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I now classified items. amortization or loan guaranties, partic­ ·offer my amendment 9.'... 10-51-K, and ask Mr. President, in the remarks I made ularly in the case of equipment with that it be stated. on Monday I pointed out that this ap- probable peacetime usefulness. 11190 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 12 We remember the colloquy when the I think that the amendment is excessive. many hours personally questioning the Senator from Connecticut, in connection If the machine tools are not produced, military authorities, .in his endeavor to with the Defense Production Act, pro­ then the production of aircraft will nec­ get all the facts and to squeeze ,out every posed that the Government, through essarily be reduced, and I believe my dollar that could be squeezed out of the DPA and NPA, should have the power of original statement is altogether correct, appropriation. So I say again that directly constructing industrial plants. that it would involve a reduction of $47,"." when I vote against the distinguished His proposal, I beli:)ve, involved only a 000,000, which could be converted, in Senator from Illinois on this amend­ few hundred million dollars. That was terms of reduction of the number of ment, as I shall do in connection with turned down by a vote of this body, and aircraft produced, into a reduction of some of the other amendments, I do so some rather severe language was applied 60 aircraft, or four modern fighter reluctantly, but I do so because I know to it by certain Members of the Senate. squadrons. that we got all the information from the Now we have a propos,al for many, many Mr. THYE. Mr. President, will the armed services, and that we felt, as time::: that amount-$3,000,000,000, to be Senator yield? members of the subcommittee, justified expended through the Defense Depart­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. I yield. in recommending these items to the full ment, for much the same purpose except Mr. THYE. I was present in the sub­ committee; and the full committee saw that the potential benefits to private con­ committee hearing when this very item fit to make the recommendations to the cerns is greater. What I am trying to do was discussed. I realize that it in­ Senate. is to say that if this is socialism, my pro­ volves a tremendous sum of money. It Mr. DOUGLAS obtained the floor. pc.::'.ll is to have 10 percent less socialism, might seem possible to bring about an Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, will than we otherwise would have. In that economy in this item; but we are en­ the Senator yield for a unanimous-con­ process $183,000,000 would be saved. gaged in a cold-war operation. If we sent request? Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, let devote our plants to maximum produc­ Mr. DOUGLAS. Yes. me add that I quite agree with the Sen­ tion, we may create vast yards full of Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I ator from Illinois in his general attitude equipment, such as planes, tanks, and ask unanimous consent, in the event con­ toward the excessive certificates of what have you, which will stand idle and sideration of the pending bill is not com­ amortization which have been granted to deteriorate. In the event that we should pleted today-and it is evident that it many corporations which may be en­ need tools, plants, and equipment for all­ will not be finished-that beginning to­ gaged in defense production. The Sena­ out production, we could not find a sub­ morrow at 12 o'clock noon debate be tor, as a member of the Joint Economic stitute. We could not then proceed to limited to 30 minutes on each amend­ Committee, is well aware of that fact. tool. We could not then proceed to get ment, motion, or appeal, 15 minutes to But I have no reason to believe that an the plant facilities to bring about all-out be allotted to each side, to be controlled appropriation which is contained in this production if the emergency should re­ by the proponent of the amendment or bill for the purchase of machine tools has quire it. So while we are appropriating motion, and the Senator from Wyoming anything in the world to do with the ex­ toda-y, we are oftentimes appropriating [Mr~ O'MAHONEY]; provided that in the cessive profits which may be reaped by for facilities for all-out production, but event the Senator from Wyoming [Mr. 1 reason of such certificates of convenience facilities which will be operated at a O'MAHONEY] favors the amendment or and necessity. The way to attack exces­ more or less limited capacity. That is motion, the time in opposition be con­ sive profits from war contracts is by way the only way we can deal with the prob­ trolled by the distinguished minority of renegotiation, in the first place, for lem during the .cold-war period with leader the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. which we have provided, and in the sec­ which we are faced. WHERRY], or any other Senator acting in ond place, by way o_f taxation. When the While the item which is now before us his place; provided .further that debate tax bill comes before the Senate I think in the appropriation bill was being dis­ on the bill be limited to 30 minutes, to we shall have an opportunity to make cussed by the armed services, some of be divided equally between the Senator certain that any excessive profits which the information given us was highly from Wyoming [Mr. O'MAHONEY] and may be reaped from war contracts may classified and off the record. It could the distinguished minority leader the be recovered ::>..nd paid into the revenue of not be printed in the public report which Senator from Nebraska [Mr. WHERRY], the Federal Government. is before us. The chairman of the sub­ or any Senator he may designate. Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the committee asked hundreds of questions The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Senator yield on that point? of the military authorities, and tlie ques­ objection? Mr. O'MAHONEY. I . yield. tions and answers do not appear in this Mr. SALTONSTALL. Reserving the Mr. CASE. The point which the Sen­ record, because the information was right to object, I know of no objection on ator from Wyoming is making shows the classified. this side of the aisle. I believe the Sen­ essential difference between working on Mr. President, I admire the senior ator from North Dakota may have some­ excess profits by renegotiation and by Senator from Illinois in his efforts to thing to say on the subject. The Senator the excess-profits tax. The excess-profits bring about economy. While I should from North Dakota has just returned tax is by its nature a percentage proposi­ like to supp9rt him, and while it is em­ to the Chamber. Will the Senator from tion, which applies to all producers and barrassing to many of us when we do not Arizona repeat his ·unanimous-consent ·all plants indiscriminately. Renegotia­ support the economy effort, yet I know, request? tion makes it possible to take into con­ as a member of the subcommittee, that Mr. LANGER. I know what it is. I sideration whether the investment in the we felt, after all the testimony had been should like to ask the distinguished Sen­ plant is a private investment of the plant taken, that we were entirely justified in a tor from Michigan a question. I wonder owner, or whether a part of the plant writing into the appropriation bill the if the Senator from Michigan intends to capital is provided by the Government. items which now appear in it. propose an amendment to cut 10 percent That is the use of the renegotiation I will say to the senior Senator from from this bill. process. Illinois that if I vote against him, as I Mr. FERGUSON. No; it was not my Mr. O'MAHONEY. The Senator from shall do on this amendment, I shall do intention to do so with respect to this South Dakota is quite right. As was so regretfully, knowing very well that bill. The reason for it is that while this stated earlier in the day, the Senator my vote will be misunderstood by every is an enormous bill, much of it is for from South Dakota was largely respon­ taxpayer when he reads the newspaper equipment and supplies, and the Senator sible in the House during World War II columns stating that members of the from Michigan feels that this is a mat­ for the adoption of the renegotiation Appropriations Committee voted against ter that must be left generally to the procedure. the effort of the Senator from Illinois to military authorities. My point with respect to this amend­ economize. After a very close and thorough exam­ ment, however, is that by reducing the However, I wish to say to the distin­ ination by the various members of the appropriation for ·the procurement of guished Senator from Illinois that much committee I l:ave been compelled to come machine tools we necessarily lower the testimony was given us in tbe hearings to the conclusion-that it would be im­ ability of the aircraft manufacturer to which does not appear in this record. possible to do it under the circumstances produce the aircraft which are needed. The chairman .of the subcommittee spent at this time, considering the question of 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11191 defense of America, as I see it. We did Mr. O'MAHONEY.. I quite agree with Mr. McFARLAND. I have no objec­ reduce the civilian personnel today, as the Senator from Georgia. I believe the tion to a limitation of 15 minutes, with­ the Senator from Michigan had proposed Senator from Georgia is perfectly right out germaneness, but we have more or to do in committee, by approximately 10 in feeling that discussion of a bill of this less established a pattern with respect percent. We Lave reduced the number importance, with its vast implications, to limitations on debate, and the· pat­ from 546,000 to approximately 500,000, should not be limited to such a narrow tern has worked out very well. and we have put a limitation on the num­ scope as originally proposed. The ma­ Mr. GEORGE. I believe an hour to ber. . We have applied the cut to con­ jority leader is quite willing to extend each side would be .ample. I assume I sultants and part-time employees. In the time. shall be able to be reco]nizell for 15 effect we have reduced the civilian per- · I was going to suggest the possibility minutes if I desire to ·speak. sonnel by 10 percent, which is in line with that debate on the bill should be limited Mr. McFARLAND. I hope that we will what the Senator from Michigan pro- · to the time that any Senator desires to not use all of 2 hours in debate on the vided in hi& previous amendments. take. bill itself. It is an important bill, as Mr. LANGER. Does the e·mator from Mr. GEORGE. I would have no objec­ has been suggested by the Senator from Michigan know of any oth~r Senator who tion to 15 minutes for any Senator desir­ Georgia; and because of its importance will offer suet. an amendment? . ing to speak. I have not up to this time suggested Mr. FERGUSON. I believe the Sena­ Mr. McFARLAND. I would prefer to that we enter into fl, unanimous-con­ tor from Vermout intends to do so. make the time limit on the bill an hour sent agreement. However, I think the Mr. FLANDERS. I should like to say and a half. When we have a limitation -time has arrived when the bill should that I plan to make-and I have an­ applied to Senators, they may rise and be passed. nounced that I shall · make-a motion, speak about matters other than-the bill. I amend my request-to provide for an which will have the effect of making a Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, hour of debate on each side on the bill 10-percent reductio.p,_ Jt _. will ,:l?~ . before will the Senator permit me to interrupt itself. the Senate in a somewhat diff ereut form, him? Mr. SALTONSTALL. That is agree­ owing to circumstances of contractual Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. able to me. obligations . of the Government, and Mr. O'MAHONEY. I believe that if The PRESIDING OFFICER.- Is· there things of that sort. I assure the Sena­ he will modify the unanimous-consent objection to the unanimous-consent re­ tor from North Dakota, if he is inter­ 'request, particularly. the latter part of ·quest proposed by the Senator from Ari­ ested, that he will have an opportunity it, to provide that debate upori the biH .Zona, as modified? to vote on an equivalent 10-percent cut. shall be limited to 15 minutes to each Mr. SALTONSTALL. Reserving the Mr. LANGER. With the time being Senator who chooses to speak on it; but right to object, I understand that the divided, could the Senator from Vermont that his debate must be germane to the time allotted to amendments· refers also yield 5 minutes to . the .senator from bill--' · to motions . . North Dakota? . Mr. McFARLAND. · I believe we snould Mr. McFARLAND. Yes, to motions Mr. FLANDERS. Yes. I am glad to conform to the usual form of unani­ and appeals. Of course, tha.t is under ·yield 5 minutes to him. I d-0 so right mous-consent requests. I have no par­ the 30-minute limitation. now. ticular objection, but if the Senator from Mr. SALTONSTALL. Yes. Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, I do not G~orgia desires to use 15 minutes, and The PRESIDING OFFICER.; -- 'The wish to object, but I do not like a limita­ if an hour and a half should be provided Chair understands that the proposal is tion of 30 minutes of debate on the bill. on each side-- for a 30-minute limitation on amend­ Mr. McFARLAND. I am willing to Mr. GEORGE. I do not know that I ments and for a limitation of 1 hour to make .it longer. shall use any time, but I deem this to each side on the bill. Mr. GEORGE. Does the unanimous­ be a very important bill. It is the most The question is on agreeing to the co:ilsent agreement provide for a tcital staggering bill the Senate has ever con­ unanimous-consent proposal, as modi­ of 30 minutes of debate on the bill? sidered. All through World War I did fied. Without objection, it is agreed to. Mr. McFARLAND. · A total of 30 min­ we in one bill ever appropriate as much The unanimous-consent agreement, utes on the bill. The bill has been de~ as $61,000,000,UOO. as reduced to writing, is as follows: bated for 3 days. Mr. McFARLAND. Does th3 Senator Ordered, That, beginning at the hour of Mr. GEORGE. I understand. Under believe that an hour and a half for de­ 12 o'clock noon on the calendar day of the circumstances I would be obliged Thursday, September 13, 1951, debate on any bate on the bill, with three-quarters of amendment, motion, or ·appeal, proposed to to object to such a limitation, because it an.hour on each side, would be sufficient? H. R. 5054, the Department of Defense Appro­ would. be impossible, if any Senator Mr. GEORGE. Just so any Senator priation Act for 19-52, sh<>,11 be limited to not wanted to speak on the bill, to be recog­ who wanted to take 15 or 20 minutes exceeding 30 minutes, to be equally divided nized for 10, 15, or 20 minutes. would be recogni-zed for that length of and controlled by the mover of any such Mr. McFARLAND. I shall extend the time. I believe an hour or an hour and amendment or motion and Mr: O'MAHONEY, time for a limitation of debate on the bill a half would be. ample. respectively; but in the event he is in favor to 1 hour. That is the usual time pro­ of any such· amendment or motion the time Mr. SAL'.!.'ONSTALL. Mr. President, in opposition thereto shall be controlled by· vided for debate on a bill under a unani- reserving the right to object, as. acting Mr. WHERRY, or someone act:ng in his be­ _. mous-consent agreement. The time, of minority leader, in view of what the half; and that debate on the question of the course, would be divided equally. Senator from Georgia has said, and final passage of the bill shall be limited to not Mr. GEORGE. I believe that on a bill after discussing the s-.1bject with Sen­ exceeding 2 hours, to be equally divided and of this character any Member of the ators on this side of the aisle, I hope controlled by Mr. O'MAHONEY and Mr. Senate. who wishes to speak ·on it finally the Senator from Arizona will be willing WHERRY, respectively, or someon.e acting in should have the right to speak. If only to make it an hour· to each side, or a Mr. WHERRY'S behalf. 15 minutes of debate is permitted to a total of 2 hours of debate on the bill The PRESIDING OFFICER. The side it would be impossible to be recog­ itself. Probably not all the time will be question is on agreeing to the amend­ nized for 15 minutes. used, but at least we would have that ment K of the Senator from Illinois~ Mr. McFARLAND. I have amended much time available. I would have to Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, with­ the request to extend the debate on the object to the suggestion of the Senator out particular regard to this amendment, bill to 1 hour. from Wyoming [Mr. O'MAHONEY], be­ let me say to the Senator from Minne­ Mr. O'MAHONEY. Would an hour .ca use deciding what is germane and sota that I am sure he should do exactly be agreeable to the Senator from Geor­ what is ·not germane sometimes leads what he intends to ·do, namely, vote in gia? to unpleasantness. I know because I accordance with h1s convictions and his Mr. GEORGE. I am anxious to help ocGupied the chair in my home State for knowledge. That is what all of us should expedite the consideration of the bill. 8 years. It would be muc:1 better to have do. It is quite likely that I shall wish to take a limitation without the necessity -of Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, will 15 or 20 minutes on the bill. It is a very having anyone deCide what is or what is the Sena tor yield? important bill. not ·germane. ' Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield. 11192 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SE.NATE SEPTEMBER 12 Mr. O'MAHONEY. The announce­ tion on this matter. Our recommenda­ Defense-Establishment for the fiscal year ment of the unanimous-consent agree­ tion on the bill is the best upon which 1951, I think that amount must be spent ment seems to have been taken by many we could agree. In the event we vote during the fiscal year 1952. Members of the Senate as a signal to against amendments submitted by the In addition to that amount, the De­ leave the floor. It had been my hope distinguished Senator from Illinois, we fense Establishment now requests nearly that we would continue in session until do so only because we are exercising our $3,000,000,000 for fiscal year 1952. Of at least 6 p. m. this evening. I was best · judgment in regard to these ques­ course, only a fraction of that amount hoping that in the meantime we might tions. can be spent during the present fiscal dispose of the pending amendment of the I commend the Senator from Illinois year, an estimated $300,000,000, accord­ Senator from Illinois. So I wish Sen­ for his efforts to economize. When we ing to the budget document. The effect ators to know that we are likely to have are considering a $61,000,000,000 appro­ of making so large an appropriation, a vote on the amendment. priation bill relating to the Defense Es­ far in excess of the anticipated rate of Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the tablishment-and the $61 ,000,000,000 expenditure, at this time may circum­ Senator yield for a question? this bill provides are far from the total vent the necessity for an additional au­ Mr. DOUGLAS. First, I should like to amount which will be provided for the thorization of appropriations. There­ complete my statement, and then yield. Defense Establishment-I say we need fore, a reduction of the appropriation Mr. CASE. My question is a very examine the items contained in the bill for this item seems to me to be thor­ simple one, namely, whether the Sena­ most carefully and we need the best ef­ oughly wise, in view of the fact that tor would consider splitting his amend­ forts of all Senators in connection with there are amounts of $500 ,000,000 for ment. Some of the items of the amend­ the examination of the bill and to make this purpose appropriated in fiscal 1951 ment appeal to me, but one or two of certain that no one has erred. which will not even be spent in fiscal them present some difficulties to me and That is the reason why I was propos­ 1952, plus an additional $500,000,000 raise .some doubts in my mind. ing a watchdog committee, so as to make from fiscal 1951 to be · spent this Mr. DOUGLAS. It would be rather certain that if someone has erred, such a year for the Army alone. When these complicated if I were to split the amend­ committee can catch up any errors made are added to the $3,000,000,000 requested ment. I prefer to submit the amend­ along the way in con!.1ection with the for fiscal 1952, they make a total of over ment as a whole at this time. Perhaps appropriations for the Military Estab­ $4,000,000,000 now unexpended, but later it can be considered in the way lishment, because when that Establish­ available for this purpose. the Senator from South Dakota suggests. ment begins to expend $61,000,000,000, Mr. President, after this item was cut Mr. President, I was about to say that it will have at its disposal such huge $100,000,000 by the House, I wonder I hope the Senator from Minnesota will sums of money that it will be quite easy whether the Army appealed from that · do exactly as is his intention, namely, for it to be a little liberal at times. cut. The Army was told to accept the to vote according to his convictions. I Therefore, I hope someone will make 10-percent cut, but a similar cut was not am sure no one will question the sincerity certain that the De:l'ense Establishment imposed upon the Air Force or the Navy. of the Senator from Minnesota if he is not too liberal with th~ taxpayers' I note that the Senate committee did votes against the amendment I have money. not see fit to restore the Army's 10-per­ proposed. Certainly no one would have The PRESIDING OFFICER. The cent cut for this item and that which a riglit to raise such a question; and I question is on the am~ndment K, sub­ makes me believe that a 10-percent cut assure the Senator that, for myself, I mitted by the Senator from Illinois. could with profit be imposed upon the would not question his sincerity. All The Chair understands that the various appropriations for the Air Force and the of us proceed on the assumption that we parts of the amendment are to be con­ Navy. do that which seems best to us, and we sidered en bloc. Therefore, I believe we could do ex­ do not question the votes of our col­ Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, it is actly what the Senator from Minnesota leagues. precisely for the reason just stated by has suggested, namely, reduce to some I say with all humility that I do not the Senator from Minnesota that I ques­ extent the billions of dollars loosely ap­ pretend to have complete knowledge re­ tion the appropriation which is recom­ propriated, which the military will have garding this bill or the subjects with mended by the committee for this ·par­ to play with, and which may tempt them which it deals. My knowledge is deft- ticular item. into lavish habits of expenditure with­ . nitely limited. I try not to take too out fully exploring other means of much time in submitting motions or UNEXPENDED BALANCES FROM FISCAL 1951 APPRO­ :financing expansion of productive facil­ amendments; and if they are rejected, PRIATIONS FOR THIS PROGRAM ities. I shall accept in good faith the decision I should like to remind the Senate Mr. HUNT. Mr. President, will the of the Senate. that for the fiscal year 1951 we appro­ Senator yield? So far as concerns what has been priated $1,100,000,000 for precisely the Mr. DOUGLAS. Yes; or I shall be stated by the Senator from Minnesota, same . purpose, so the Army alone, glad to yield the floor. very likely the Senator from Minnesota namely, the purchase of tools and equip­ Mr. HUNT. I should like to ask the would know better than I do about par­ ment. If my information is correct, out Senator from Illinois a question. I won­ ticular questions. of that amount, judging from the figures der what he means by saying that these Mr. THYE. Mr. President, in reply to on page 7 of the budget document, House sums are loosely appropriated. the Senator from Illinois, let me say that Document No. 120, only $15,000,000 was I have before me the committee hear­ I know that each of us who is privileged expended in the fiscal year 1951, leaving ings, which constitute one thousand nine to serve the particular State he repre­ unexpended approximately $1,000,000,- hundred-odd pages of printed testimony. sents acts in accordance with his best 000 of the amount appropriated; and it I know the committee has been working judgment and ability. If it is the judg­ is expected that only approximately on this bill since May, and has asked ment of any Member of the Senate that $500,000,000 of that amount will be ex­ thousands upon thousands of questions. he should submit an amendment calling pended during the fiscal year 1952, for So in my judgment the money is not for either a reduction or an increase in which we are legislating at this time. being loosely appropriated. I think the the size of an appropriation item, cer­ In other words, there will be a carry­ committee has done an excellent job. tainly that is the best judgment of that over to the fiscal year Hl53 of approxi­ I do not know how the Senator from particular Senator, and I respect it. mately $500,000,000. Illinois arrives at the figures he seem­ As a member of the subcommittee, I I think the point made by the Senator · ingly pulls out of the air, to include in can only say that after many, many from Florida is on sound constitutional the amendments he proposes. I do not weeks of hearings we were reluctant to grounds, namely, that appropriations know how many hearings he conducts accede to the requests of the Depart­ for the Armed Forces cannot be made ·or how much expert testimony is given ment of Defense in regard to such a huge for more than 2 years. Therefore, in­ to him. appropriation bill as this one. However, stead of carrying over to the fiscal year The Senator from Illinois describes his after all the facts were laid before us, we 1953 approximately $500,000,000, which amendments in broad generalities. He submitted our report and recommenda- we appropriated for this item for the gets great_ credit from the press, while 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11193 those of us who try to follow the recom- mony has been given to the committee Mr. DOUGLAS. The Senator from mendations of the committee, which has which is .not available to him. Illinois was aware that it is a compli­ given such excellent study and attention The PRESIDING OFFICER. The cated bill. He is an inexperienced to the bill, are criticized by the press question is on the amendment of the traveler through the dark forest, but he when we do not go along with the pro- Senator from Illinois. is trying to be prepared. The item on posals of the Senator from Illinois. Mr. DOUGLAS. I ask·for a division. page 39, line 10, comes under the appro­ However, my main point is that I wish The PRESIDING OFFICER. A divi- priation heading "Construction of air­ to contest the statement made by the sion is requested. craft and related procurement" under Senator from Illinois, namely, that these Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, a the Navy. I cannot emphasize too moneys are loosely appropriated. parliamentary inquiry. strongly that I do not intend that the . Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. Presic!ent, I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- . funds for the procurement of naval air­ thank the Senator from Wyoming for ator will state the inquiry. craft should be reduced by one cent. My his comment. Perhaps it would be the Mr. SALTONSTALL. Do I correctly amendment is directed at the program wiser personal thing for the Senator understand from the Senator from Illi­ described under this heading as "Pro­ from Illinois to keep silent when these nois that he is presenting his · amend­ curement and installation of equipment matters come to the floor of the Sen- ment as· a single amendment, or is he in public or private plants," which ate, and not to propose any reductions dividing it? language may be found on lines 7 and 8 in the items. Mr. O'MAHONEY. I hope the Senator on page 39. The amount budgeted for Mr. HUNT. I would not say that. from Illinois will be content to present this, according to figures on page 1265 of Mr. DOUGLAS. Then the Senator th the House hearings.on the Navy is $466,- from Illinois would be much more pop- the first item, on lines 1 and 2 of e amendment, because the other amend­ 442,000, which I am proposing to reduce ular with the military and with the civil ments cover ships and facilities, ord- by lO ·percent, to conform with the House service, and, no doubt, with his col- • nance ~nd facilities, aircraft, and relat­ cut for the Army. leagues. ed procurement for the Ail; Force, which I am perfectly willing to have that Mr. HUNT. No; but I believe that constitute four different items in four considered by itself, but I ask the Senate when the Senator from Illinois submits different parts of the bill. to remember that the reduction would be such an amendment as the one which Mr. DOUGLAS. That is true, but they made in funds for expediting construc­ now is pending he should give to the Sen-. ·are for the same purpose. They are not tion, not actual procurement. ate the testimony upon which he bases for the direct construction of aircraft Mr. O'MAHONEY. Very well. It is ·the figures at which he arrives in con- and ships, but for the furnishing of tools, my understanding now, Mr. President, nection with the amendment. that the only amendment we are voting I do not like to be accused by the implements, and equipment, and for the on is that presented in lines 1 and 2 of press of being a spender, when I do not building of plants. I hope I have made the Senator's amendment, namely, on vote for a reduction, which is contrary the legislative rMord clear on that point. Mr. O'MAHONEY . . Very well. page 39, line 10, to strike "$1,050,000,000" . to the Appropriation Committee's rec- Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, and insert "$1,003,356,000," a reduction ommendation, and when I feel that the of approximately $47,000,000 for the pro- Senator from Illinois has simply picked will the .Senator yield for a question? duction of naval aircraft. · the figure out of the sky. · Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield to the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is Mr. DOUGLAS. The Senator from from Massachusetts. · the understanding of the Chair. The Wyoming certainly should not be ac- Mr. SALTONSTA4L. Following up question is on agreeing to the amend­ cused in that fashion. The senator from what the Senator from Wyoming has ment. A division has been requested. Illinois will never so accuse him, and ·said, two, and I think three of the Sena­ · On a division, the amendment was I hope no one else will . . In brief, what tor's amendments relate to aircraft; the rejected. I have said is that, since a 10-percent other one relates to ship construction . . I Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, the cut was applied by the House to the observe, frankly, that I shoulq like to next amendment is on page 40, line 3, Army, I have heard no reason why it vote with the Senator on the sliip con­ and deals with ships and facilities; but should not also be applied to the Air struction item, but if he includes them again I want to remind the Senate that Force and to the Navy. The Army item all together in one amendment, I it is not a proposal to reduce direct ap­ which was cut was a specific item in shall have to vote against it, because I propriations for ships and facilities, but the bill. I see no reason for exempting think the proposal applicable to aircraft merely to. decrease the amount of free the Navy and the Air Force from the should not be agreed to. machinery, equipment and plant facili­ same cut simply because their requests Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, I sug- · ties furnished to concerns which will for the same type of expenditures are gest that we vote first on the aircraft construct ships. The portion of the . {:OVered up in other items in the bill. items and vote, second, on the naval and "Ships and facilities" appropriation that I also pointed out that we have $500,- ordnance items, if that is satisfactory to I intend to reduce is described in lines 000,000 of appropriations for the Army the Chair and to the Senate. 20, 21, and 22 on page 39 of the bill as for this purpose carrying over from last The PRESIDING OFFICER. Will the follows: "procurement of plant equip­ year, which, according to the estimates Senator designate on which item he de­ ment, appliances, and machine tools in the President's budget document, will sires the vote to be taken first? and installation· thereof in public o; not even be spent in fiscal 1952, and Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, it private plants." which certainly, therefore, should allow is my understanding that the Senator Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, will us safely to diminish the amounts which from Illinois is withdrawing for the mo­ the Senator yield? we .are appropriating for fiscal 1952. ment the amendments beginning in line Mr. DOUGLAS. I yield to the Senator So far as my own study of this mat- 3 and beginning in line 5 of his amend­ from Indiaria. ter is concerned, I have gone over the ment, so that the vote will now be con- · Mr. CAPEHART. The purpose of the details, here. Without betraying any fined to his proposal to reduce by amendment is not quite clear to me. confidence, I may say that in the Air $47,000,000 the item for aircraft and re­ Mr. DOUGLAS. I am trying to reduce Force expenditures alone, $235,000,000 of lated procurement for the Navy, begin­ by 10 percent the amounts allocated for the appropriations are for undetermined, ning in line 1, and his proposal to re­ the purchase of machinery, equipment, unspecified projects, with the program duce by more than $100,000,000 the ap­ and facilities which will be turned over not specifically set. I would think, there- propriation for aircraft and related pro­ to industrial concerns, with which to fore, that it might have been the curement for the Air Force, beginning in produce ships, to parallel approximately military which had brought these fig- line 7. Do I correctly understand the the 10-percent reduction which has al­ ures out of the hat, rather than the Sen- Senator? ready been proposed by the House with ator from Illinois. I submit that this Mr. DOUGLAS. I may say the bill is respect to the Army, and which the particular reduction is well justified. somewhat complicated. Senate committee did not restore. If 1.t Mr. HUNT. The Senator from Illi- Mr. O'MAHONEY. That is what I am is asked why this cut should only be $10,- nois is well aware of the fact that testi- trying to tell the Senator. 500,000, when the appropriation provided XCVII-704 11194 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 12 in the bill is $1,537,452,000, it is because, fled, and it is proPosed to turn over to percent reduction in this particular item as shown on page 1265 of the House Navy them hundreds of millions of dollars' is proper. hearings, and by the detailed report, the worth of equipment. In a great many Mr. DOUGLAS. I am merely offer­ item for this particular program comes instances they are also receiving acceler­ ing a vehicle by which the Senator from to only $105,000,000, and I am proposing ated tax amortizations in the amount Indiana may translate his general indig­ to cut it 10 percent, as the House did in of hundreds of millions of dollars. In nation about expenditures into specific the case of the Army. view of that fact, I believe we should economy. Mr. CAPEHART. I understand the proceed a little carefully in the pur­ Mr. CAPEHART . . I stood on the :floor items referred to are items of machinery chase of equipment, and I said that if of the Senate and voted against the with which to produce aircraft. this program is socialism my proposal $7,200,000,000 give-away program a few Mr. DOUGLAS. In this case they are is to have 10 percent less socialism. days ago, and I noticed that the Senator items of machinery and plant facilities Mr. CAPEHART. I would · not even from Illinois voted in favor of it. I vote to produce ships. compromise on 10 percent, if that were against those sums that amount to some­ Mr. CAPEHART. The Government the program. But is it not a fact that thing, whereas the Senator from Illinois will retain title to the machinery and if we did not have amortization for tax indulges in small items which may well will simply loan it to the manufacturer, purposes in connection with the $9,000,- be all right. I have voted for 99 percent will it not? 000,000 about which the Senator has of them, and I shall continue to vote with Mr. DOUGLAS. Yes. But we know been speaking, Congress would have had the Senator; but when it comes to giv­ what happened after the last war. to appropriate $9,000,000,000 to produce ing away money to other nations, I notice Equipment was sold to industrial con­ the facilitie::>? that the able Senator from Illinois al­ cerns at a very, very low figure. Mr. DOUGLAS. I am not going to ways votes for it. I shall vote to recom­ Mr. CAPEHART. My question is, No argue the ta~ amortization program, be­ mit this bill. I think an appropriation private company would buy that ma­ cause at the moment that is not ger­ of $50,000,000,000 would be sufficient, and chinery itself, would it, because it would mane. I do think that in granting tax it would be just as nearly accurate as is have no need for it, except for war­ amortization on plants which had been $61,000,000,000. I think we should spend production purposes? started or planned before Korea for in direct proportion to our ability to pay. Mr. DOUGLAS. Much of the equiµ• which the finances-- The idea that we have the money is ment is not specialized in nature, but it Mr. CAPEHART. But, proceeding on wrong; we do not have it. The national can be used for peacetime production. the theory that amortization for tax debt of the United States is $256,000,000,- It is not all unique equipment, useful purposes has been honestly adminis­ 000. The national debts of all our so­ only for the making of weapons of war. tered, my question is, Is it not a fact called allies in Europe amount to approx­ Some of it can be used for peacetime that if we did not have the $9,000,000,- imately $115,000,000,000. Show me purposes. 000 under the tax amortization plan, the wherein we are better oft than those na­ Mr. CAPEHART. And the Govern­ Congress of the uriited States would tions, when we have a national debt of ment will retain title to it. have had to appropriate an additional $256,000,000,000, and they have a debt of Mr. DOUGLAS. Yes. The question $9,000,000,000? $115,000,000,000. In less than 2% is, how long it-will retain title to it after Mr. DOUGLAS. I doubt that, myself. 'months we have run a deficit of four and the war is over. Mr. CAPEHART. Why? one-half billion dollars. What are we Mr. CAPEHART. What would hap­ Mr. DOUGLAS. I should prefer to thinking about? Where do we get this pen if there were a refusal to buy ma­ address the discussion to the point at idea? chinery in order to build ships? Ho:w, issue which is whether we shall appro­ Mr. DOUGLAS. I welcome the sup­ then, would the Government secure the priat~ $3,000,000,000 for the purchase port of the Senator from Indiana on my building of ships? I do not know of machinery and equipment which will amendment. whether the machinery is now available. then be used by private companies. I Mr. CAPEHART. Where do we get I am proceeding on the assumption that certainty do not know enough about it the idea that we can afford to throw the Navy Department proved that the to say we sl;lould not purchase any money all around the world, when we machinery is not now availaple, and equipment. I can understand the argu­ have a national debt of $256,000,000,000? therefore it has to be created or pur­ ment that some of the equipment will What are they thinking about? chased by the industry, or the Govern­ be so specialized that it will not have a Where are we going and what are we ment has to buy it. peacetime use, and, therefore, we shall going to look like when we get there if Mr. DOUGLAS. That, undoubtedly, have to help the companies in this way we continue the pace at which we are is the theory upon which the Depart­ to produce the ships which are needed. going? I know it is said that we have ment of Defense is proceeding, and it Would it not be safer to go a little bit had various emergencies. should be noted that I am not proposing easy and take 10 percent off the De- . Mr. President, I wish I had before me to eliminate this item, but am leaving partment of the Navy just as we have the last report issued on the, Marshall 90 percent of it intact. I am not say­ done 'in the case of the Army, particu­ plan. I do not know how many times ing this program is entirely based on larly in view of the fact that there is in that report the statement is made an incorrect theory; I am saying that for the Army nearly a $1,000,000,000 un­ that the Marshall plan is being operated it is based on a theory which may lend expended balance carried over from ap­ for the purpose of stopping communism. itself to great abuse. That is something propriations made for fiscal 1951? It is said that that is the purpose of the about which we should stop, look, and Mr. CAPEHART. I think the amount plan, and that the Marshall plan has listen before we embark on this pro­ of $61,000,000,000 is entirely too large. I resulted in stopping communism. I de­ gram. A 10-percent cut in the amount, do not think that much is needed. I do sire to call the attention of the Senate particularly in view of unexpended not think it could possibly be spent with­ to the fact that when the Marshall plan balances-- in the next 12 months. I do not know was first suggested it was never the in­ Mr. CAPEHART. I am not certain enough about the facts-and I question tention by that plan to stop communism. that I do not agree-. I think, in princi~ whether the able Senator from Illinois There was never a word mentioned about ple, it should all be left in or all should knows all the facts-to be qualified to that. In fact, the Marshall plan when be taken out. I am wondering why the say whether the amount should be it was initiated was intended to take in purchase of this machinery cannot be $3,000,000,000 or $2,700,000,000. In my handled in some other way. opinion, we are spending too much all European countries, including Russia, Mr. DOUGLAS. That is a very seri­ money. We spend and spend, we appro­ and a Russian delegation attended the ous question, to which I referred last priate and appropriate. We have one first Marshall plan conference in Paris, Monday, when I read a list of some of emergency after another, and we give as did delegations from some of her the huge industrial concerns benefiting away with never a thought as to what satellites. The first report that was is­ by this program and by the accelerated the ultimate result to our country will · sued on the Marshall plan by Mr. Hoff­ tax amortization program. I could not be. We are spending entirely too much man in· 1949 did not say a word about give their names, because they are classi- money. But I question whether a 10- stopping communism. , 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-_SENATE 11195 Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, may I pair the operation which is now going on of Socialists and Communists. We keep ask if there is an amendment before the for keeping in trim the naval vessels a socialistic· government in power in Senate? which are now plying back and forth E;ngland knowing full well that if so­ Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, I across · the Atlantic Ocean. ·It does not cialism becomes stronger in England, have the floor. I object. deal with the Marshall plan or with any knowing full well that if nationalization Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, who of the international affairs . . This is an of all industry is adopted . in England, ,/ has the floor? appropriation for the support of the some day we will be forced to do the same Mr. CAPEHART. I have the floor. American Navy, and I feel that the thing in the United States.- · The Senator from Illinois took his seat. amendment which the Senator from Il­ We recognized Russia in 1933, well The PRESIDING OFFICER.· ·The linois has offered makes an altogether knowing that if we helped to make com­ Chair is of the opinion that the Senator improper cut in the appropriation. munism a success in Russia, and it be­ from Illinois has the floor, and yielded So, Mr. President, I hope that the came successful, some day it would tO the Senator from Indiana. amendment of the Senator from Illinois , cause us trouble, and cause the whole Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, that will be rejected. .;I may· say after the . world trouble. Yet, after three Presi­ could not possibly be true, because the vote upon this amendment is had, I shall dents of the United states had refused to able Senator from Illinois surrendered suggest to the majority leader that the recognize Communist Russia, President the floor and took his seat, and remained Senate recess· until tomorrow at 12 Roosevelt recognized Communist Russia. seated. ~ o'clock noon, when we may resume the iri 1933, and sent great teams of our ex­ Mr. DOUGLAS. I think the RECORD consideration of these amendments. I perts over there to show the Russians will show, Mr. President, that I yielded did this politely to suggest to the Sena­ how to develop mass production and to the Senator from Indiana. tor .from Indiana that the discussion of · build everything. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The these other aspects of the bill, of the We are continuing along the same line Senator from Illinois yielded to the Sen­ policy which the Government is follow­ here today. We are continuing to waste ator from Indiana a few moments.ago. ing, might well be postponed until that money, to squander money, to give money Mr. DOUGLAS. I yielded tJ the Sen­ time. away, knowing tha~ we have a $256,000,- ator from Indiana, but not for an un­ Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, I 000,000 debt, knowing that we are almost limited period. I would prefer to have fully understand that the Marshall plan confiscating by taxation the income of the Senator speak on this matter, which has nothing to do with this appropria­ our people in the United States. Yet, we seems to be extraneous to the amend­ tion. But I want to say that we have a go on and on without any end; we have ment before the Senate, at some time record here of spending and spending war after war; we have emergency after other than in the midst of my own re­ and spending. We have a record of emergency. marks. · · appropriating and approp.riating and I feel very much discouraged. I say Mr. CAPEHART. Mr. President, I appropriating. We have a record of to Senators that they had better listen. appreciate the fact that the Senator having one emergency after the other. If they are dissatisfied with what is go­ from Illinois. does· not like to hear such We have a record of going into the Mar­ ing on in the United States; they had a speech as I am making. I know he shall plan originally to rehabilitate the better take a good look at themselves in does not like to hear it. But. I want to war-torn countries of Europe, al}d then the mirror. The President of the United say again that the purpose of the Mar­ when we get that jpb accomplished, we States has no power or authority which shall plan was never to stop communism. have an emergency and start on an en­ the Congress of the United States has Russia was invited to participate in the tirely different line of selling the Ameri­ not given to him. Senators .may write Marshall plan. The delegates from can people on the idea that we must put letters back home as much as they please, Russia attended the first meeting on the $25,000,000,000 more over there for an­ and make as many speeches as they Marshall plan held in. Paris. In the other purpose. please, and blame the President for heavy first report issued by Mr. Hoff man there The only reason I rose was to ask a taxation and large appropriations .and was not one word said about stopping question. My question is: When are we unbalanced budgets; but it is the Con­ communism. going to come to our senses in this coun­ gress of the United States which enacts Mr. President, the administration for try and in this Congress? When are we the laws which gives him the authority. years and years has lived on one emer­ going to realize that there is a limit to It is the Congress of the United States .gency after another: what the United States can do? When which appropriates the money which he Mr. O'MAHONEY. Mr. President, will are we going to realize that we ourselves is spending. It is the Congress of the the Senator yield? · have a $256,000,000,000 debt? When are United States which levies taxes. It is Mr. CAPEHART. I am very glad to we going to realize that the countries not the President of the United States. yield to the Senator from Wyoming. upon whom we are showering money Some Senators think we are on our way Mr. O'MAHONEY. The amendment havG less than half as much debt as we to a dictatorship in the United States before the Senate now is an amendment have? some of these days; I agree with them. offered by the Senator from Illinois to Oh yes, we hear the argument that our But when they go home tonight, let them strike about $11 ,000,000 from .the ap­ national income is much greater than take a good look at themselves in the propriation in this bill for ships and fa­ theirs, and that our per capita wealth is mirror, because they are a part-of the cilities. rt deals only with a single item much greater than theirs. I say to the Congress of the United States which is in that appropriation. This appropria­ Senate that that is a socialistic argument, giving the President of the United States tion is designed to support the main­ in itself it is a communistic argument. the power and the authority to do all · tenance and operation of the active fleet, When it is said that we have more than these things. Senators had better take and to bring some of the reserve fleet the other fellow, and.therefore we have a good look at themselves in the mirror into existence. This appropriation in­ to divide up with him, that is a socialistic and find out what is going on, because cludes the development of electronics. premise, a socialistic philosophy, which if this country goes bankrupt, as many It includes cataloging and standardiza­ is used over and over and over again on people say it will, we cannot blame the tion. It includes research development. the floor of the Senate in arguments in President of the United States, because It includes maintenance and operation of favor of doing this, that, and the other the Congress has control of the purse shore facilities and of naval reserve ves­ thing. strings in America. We can put a stop sels, industrial mobilization, fuel for · Mr. President, we kick the brains out of private industry in America which is · to it any time we want to. We can cut ships, and departmental administration. this ~ppropriation as much as we want The subject to which the Senator has supporting this program, and yet we ap­ been directing Ms attention is that of propriate and have appropriated billions to cut it. industrial mobilization which is carried upon billions of dollars to support a I am not unmindful of the fact that in the budget at $29,000,000. The Sen­ socialistic government in England. communism is spreading throughout the ator's amendment would strike $11,000,- We appropriate money to support a world. It has spread throughout the 000 from that item, which is used for the government in France, a government world. We have not stopped it. There purchase of machine tools. It would im- which is more than 50 percent composed is more communism today than ever, /

11196 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE SEPTEMBER 12 and inore people are under its domina­ Mr. KILGORE. I am merely asking EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF COMMITI'EES tion today than there were 5 years ago. whether or not the Senator from Indiana The· following favorable reports of We cannot buy good will with money. has read the history of the Revolution­ nominations were submitted: We seem to have the idea in Congress ary War, which is published in any num­ By Mr. ELLENDER, from the Committee that we can solve all our own problems ber of· books. on Agriculture and Forestry: and all the problems of the world mere­ Mr. CAPEHART. What has that to do Gus F. Geissler, of North Dakota, to be a ly by appropriating more money. We with the appropriations before us today? member of the Board of Directors of the seem to think that we can buy our way Mr. KILGORE. If the Congress Commodity Credit Corporation, vice Ralph through the world with the dollar. I usurps the power of the Executive, we S. Trigg, resigned. say that we cannot do it. If we could By Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado, from the shall place ourselves back in the situa­ Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ have bought good will with dollars, Rus­ tion we were in during the time of the merce: sia ought to love us to death, and we Revolutionary War. I ask the Senator Thomas B. Reed, and s\mdry bther em­ ought to have the good will of Russia, whether he has studied the history of the ployee::; of the Coast and Geodetic Survey because, God knows, we gave the Rus­ Revolutionary War, when the Congress for permanent ~ppointment, as commis­ sians many billions of dollars in money endeavored to carry out the Executive sioned captain, lieutenant (junior grade), ' and materials during World War II. We authority. and ensigns. were their friends and supporters. We Mr. CAPEHART. What I said was The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there appropriated money which went directly just the opposite. I said that the Presi­ be no further reports of committees, the to them. We bought materials and gave dent of the United States has no author­ nomination on the Executive Calendar them to the Russians. Did it buy us ity except that which is given to him by will be stated. any good will? It. certainly did not. the Congress. Now we have another emergency. DEFENSE MATERIALS PROCUREMENT Mr. KILGORE. I agree with the Sen­ ADMINISTRATION During World War II we had to stop Hit­ ator from Indiana. ler. We had to stop nazism, so we teamed Mr. CAPEHART. He has not a single The Chief Clerk read the nomination up with another cutthroat by the name dollar to spend except that which is ap­ of Jess Larson to be Defense Materials of Stalin. We thought we could buy his propriated by the Congress. My point Procurement Administrator. good will with dollars, and we tried it. is that it is our responsibility. We can The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without We were unable to do it. We gave India put a stop to much of the monkey-busi­ objection, the nomina.tion is confirmed, $300,000,000 not long ago. We said we ness which is going on, and the waste, and without objection, the President will would buy India's good will, but we did which I think will eventually bring be immediately notified of the confirma­ not buy it. We do not have India's good bankruptcy to this Nation. We have a tion. will. India wants us to recognize the ....That completes the Executive Cal­ responsibility, and we ought to accept it. endar. Chinese Communists. She refused to The able junior Senator from Indiana sign the Japanese Peace Treaty. We did has said that I am making no progress ADJOURNMENT not buy her good will. We cannot buy and changing no votes. I am inclined · Mr. MCFARLAND. As in legislative good will witll money. We have been . session, I move that the Senate adjourn. trying to do it for years, and it will not to agree with him, but I am making a record, so that when our children, our The. motion was agreed to; and the Sen­ Before I take my seat, let me repeat dren read it, they will at least recognize ate adjourned until tomorrow, Thurs­ that we had better go home tonight the fact that there was one person who day, September 13, 1951, at 12 o'clock and take a good look at ourselves in the ·felt that the Congress of the United meridian. mirror if we want to find, out what. is going on in the United States, and find · States ought to accept the responsibility out who is responsible for it. I repeat for what is happening today. NOMINATIONS that the President of the United States Mr. KILGORE. I ask the Senator Executive nominations received by the. has no power except that which is given from Indiana if he wants the Congress Senate September 12